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With the advancement of the 4th industrial revolution and its enabling technologies, researchers and practitioners discuss the mutual relationships and integration of Lean manufacturing with Industry 4.0 to enhance the manufacturing sector’s competitiveness. However, the literature falls short on how Lean principles and practices can support Industry 4.0. To contribute to reducing this research gap, this study explores the integration of the Lean practice value stream mapping (VSM) with hybrid simulation (HS) that combines discrete event and agent-based modelling and simulation. It aims to extend VSM scope to the context of Industry 4.0 to help Industry 4.0 initiatives in manufacturing companies, especially in small and mid-size enterprises (SMEs), wherein managerial approaches are still scarce, enabling it to capture the behaviour of more complex entities and distributed production systems. An HS-VSM framework is proposed, and its use is demonstrated through a proof-of-concept case developed in an SME from the furniture and related product manufacturing sector in Quebec, Canada. This study indicates that VSM combined with HS can assist Industry 4.0 roadmap development and help companies understand changes in materials, equipment, processes, and information flows associated with Industry 4.0 application scenarios

La transition vers une économie durable est un objectif important autant pour la société que pour les entreprises, particulièrement les grandes industries manufacturières telles que l'aviation. La croissance de l'industrie aérospatiale a contribué à environ 2 % des émissions annuelles mondiales de carbone. Contribuant à la moitié de la production totale de l'industrie aérospatiale canadienne, le Québec doit déployer des stratégies importantes pour stimuler une croissance durable et atteindre les objectifs mondiaux de réduction de l'empreinte carbone fixés pour cette industrie d'ici 2050. Pour que cette transition soit rendue possible, le concept innovant d'Économie Circulaire (EC), visant à "boucler le cycle de vie", permet de réduire la consommation de matières premières, d'énergie, d'eau ainsi que la production de déchets. Cependant, la complexité de ce concept pose certaines difficultés à sa réalisation individuelle. Ainsi, des écosystèmes circulaires doivent être construits pour soutenir la mise en œuvre d’une EC pour toute une industrie. Ce mémoire de Maîtrise s’inscrit dans un projet mené par l'École Polytechnique de Montréal, dont le but est de réaliser des études de cas pour comprendre comment les écosystèmes circulaires sont mis en place par les entreprises aérospatiales au Québec. À la suite d’une étude qualitative de l’EC, nous avons mené une entrevue avec des gestionnaires d’une grande entreprise manufacturière de ce secteur afin d'évaluer leurs connaissances sur le sujet, de s'enquérir de leurs pratiques adoptées et de vérifier si celles-ci s’inscrivent bien dans une perspective d’EC. Afin de protéger l'identité de l'entreprise, seules ses principales caractéristiques ont été révélées dans le mémoire. Nous démontrons que l'entreprise susmentionnée maintient une transition vers les pratiques d'EC à différents stades. L'entreprise déclare déployer des stratégies de réduction des déchets et de recyclage de matériaux en fin de vie utile, telles que leurs pr, Making the transition to a sustainable economy is an important goal for both the society and the companies, particularly in large manufacturing industries such as aviation. The unstoppable growth of the aerospace industry during the last decades has contributed to about 2% of global annual carbon emissions. Owning half of the aerospace production of the entire Canada, the province of Quebec needs to deploy strategies to drive sustainable growth for the incoming decades, and achieve the global climate-action goals set for this industry for 2050. To make this transition possible, the innovative concept of Circular Economy (from now on CE) stands for the principle of “closing the life cycle”, allowing a reduction in the consumption of raw materials, energy, water and waste generation. Yet the complexity and interdependencies of the concept put some difficulties to achieving it individually. Thus, circular ecosystems must be embraced to support the implementation of CE to the whole industry. This project is aligned with current research carried out in École Polytechnique Montréal, whose goal is to conduct case studies to understand how circular ecosystems are being implemented by aerospace companies in Quebec. Based on qualitative approach, we conducted an interview with managers of an aerospace company in Quebec, to inquire about which circular practices are being adopted and identify key collaborators. To protect the identity of both the company and the participants, only their main features have been revealed. We provide evidence that the aforementioned company sustains a transition toward CE practices in different stages. From a product-focused perspective, the company states to deploy strategies to reduce waste and recycle materials in their end-of-life cycle, such as a qualified dismantling process of the aircrafts. Based on institutional theory, we analyzed the main drivers and barriers that enable their circular activity, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - Producció i Consum Responsables::12.2 - Per a 2030, assolir la gestió sostenible i l’ús eficient dels recursos naturals

This paper aims to clarify to what extent the emerging theory of innovation ecosystems (IE) and the theory of systems of innovation (SI) are complementary and then identify how its communities could benefit from cross-fertilization. We performed a critical literature review of both topics using meta-synthesis as method to identify, analyze and compare the two theories. Using a framework, this paper explores the elements belonging to each theory's domain, in order to identify the key factors necessary to compare the two theories. The results of this analysis show that both theories involve the assessment of three key aspects: the understanding of innovation activities, the role of the agents involved, and the interaction and resulting networks among them. A similarity was found showing that these two different theories are applications of System Thinking approach. Another finding, which has not been mentioned in previous research on the topic, is that the construction of the initial concepts of the IE theory was originally rooted in several SI elements. Finally, we found key factors that may be the cross-fertilization link between the two communities that represent each theory.

Although many studies on product portfolio management (PPM) and ecodesign exist, there are few investigations that analyze these areas in an integrated way. They are normally conceptually separated, with very few theoretical and empirical interactions evident in the literature. This article proposes a theoretical framework that integrates ecodesign practices, methods, and tools with portfolio management during the product planning stage. For the development of this framework, a systematic analysis and literature review of both PPM and ecodesign were conducted. The framework subsequently developed was evaluated through a pilot test within two companies that develop products derived from Brazilian biodiversity. In terms of results, it presents a set of practices that are associated with the following dimensions: Guides, Methods, and Tools; Organization; and Strategy. After presenting the evaluation of the framework by the companies, practices are proposed which can be useful for the integration of ecodesign into PPM, such as adoption of the Project Management Office (PMO) and the use of social media.

Agregar valor à seus negócios, é o que buscam empresas do mundo inteiro através do aumento da eficiência das atividades de marketing. A tendência abrange quase todos os setores, as decisões comerciais são tomadas a partir da percepção do mercado pelas empresas e de como devem usar essas informações para melhorar seus limites competitivos. Neste trabalho é definido o modelo genérico de estratégia de marketing que será aqui chamado de “marketing mix”. Em seguida, são apresentados os diversos elementos IoT existentes e suas aplicações, seguido do o modelo de referência de IoT (Internet of Things) CISCO, com uma lista representativa de amplos fluxos de aparelhos, interações e tratamentos de dados que fornecem uma perspectiva sobre a divisão do campo de atuação da IoT. Em terceiro lugar é exposto um quadro de referência do potencial e localização da IoT para o marketing mix e como se dá o fluxo de transferência de informações do marketing mix no contexto da IoT. Com base na perspectiva da capacidade organizacional, este trabalho objetiva propor um modelo de referência que identifica e classifica as tecnologias de IoT, de forma a servir como ferramenta de suporte para uma estratégia de marketing, e ajudar na tomada de decisões gerenciais na adoção da correta tecnologia IoT. Finalmente, conclui-se com a sugestão de diversas problemáticas e contextos a serem abordados na pesquisa em curso.

This project is the second part of a comparative analysis on the degree of application and maturity of open innovation strategies between Canadian and Spanish wine producing companies. The first part of this work is a study of the existing relevant literature, concerning the open innovation and methods to measure its level of application in companies. This is followed by the development of an online survey to assess the degree of fulfilment of open innovation activities of a company and the building of a database of possible participants from Canada and Spain. This survey will allow acquiring data from a higher number of participants than the previous study so that the results obtained are more accurate and representative of the wine industry of both countries. The examination of the results will bring out the different approaches regarding open innovation of the Canadian and the Spanish wine producing companies., Outgoing

Outgoing

Open innovation is the systematic integration of collaborative, sourcing and revealing practices into a firm's business strategy, which is not implemented at once, but through a journey. This paper investigates this subject in an emergent economy context, the Brazilian aerospace industry, presenting the critical analysis of a questionnaire-based survey performed by means of personal in-company interviews in 22 firms. It comprises a wide range of practices associated with open innovation, connected to a conceptual model. Open innovation elements were found in the sample, with no open business strategy behind them, though. Deficiencies regarding funding, R&D maturity and intellectual property protection prevent the cluster from being fully open innovator. The culture company in the sample was nevertheless found to be very prone towards openness. From that we conclude that open innovation in the cluster is still “unfreezing”, but with great potential to emerge once these problems are solved.