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Light and elevated Temperature Induced Degradation (LeTID) is likely causing strong yield losses in a significant number of photovoltaic (PV) power plants which were commissioned in the late 2010s. In this work, a procedure for an in-field recovery using overnight current injection to trigger temporary recovery of LeTID is presented. The general feasibility of such a procedure is first demonstrated by climatic chamber experiments on strongly degraded mc-Si PERC PV modules. Within the screened test conditions, a temporary recovery procedure with high currents and low module temperatures is most promising for an economic application in PV power plants. An outdoor experiment with current injection during nights and MPP tracking during days confirmed the possibility to recover LeTID in PV power plants. By injecting a pulsed current, the heating of the modules caused by the current injection was strongly reduced compared to the heating at constant current injection. Recommendations for the application of a procedure in PV power plants are given based on the required energy expenditure and cost.

To compare the shear bond strengths and modes of failure of three orthodontic brackets: a polycrystalline ceramic bracket, a collapsible polycrystalline ceramic bracket and a metal bracket.

This study determined which molar base retentive designs produced the greatest shear bond strength (SBS) to human molars when using different adhesives.

This study examined the bond strength associated with Denteshield® Primer as a replacement for a conventional, non-antimicrobial, orthodontic primer.

Paul Mihas,1 Lindsey Rosman,2 Tiffany Armbruster,2 Jennifer Walker,2 Zack Deyo,3,4 Anil Gehi2 1Odum Institute for Research in Social Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; 2Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; 3UNC Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; 4UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, PACE Division,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USACorrespondence: Paul Mihas, Email Paul_Mihas@unc.eduIntroduction: AF self-care requires patients to perform daily self-monitoring for symptoms, practice decision making to address symptom changes, and adhere to prescribed medication, diet, physical activity, and follow-up care. Technology can facilitate these critical self-care behaviors and ultimately improve patient outcomes. We assessed atrial fibrillation (AF) patients’ experiences with a smartphone application (app) for AF self-management.Methods: A focus group with 9 AF patients and app users was conducted and analyzed using qualitative research methods. The focus group was recorded, transcribed, and coded using a priori and inductive coding strategies. Participant responses for each code were synthesized to identify primary themes.Results: We identified four superordinate themes from patients’ experiences: (1) disconnect between tool and its intended use; (2) app as acknowledged tool for adherence; (3) knowledge as empowerment; (3) motives: self-interest vs supporting research. Results from this qualitative study underscore the need to clarify the app’s intended use and to better accommodate patients with different AF experiences. The disconnect between a tool and its intended use can generate frustration for users.Discussion: The study reinforces that participants not only see how the app is a tool for adherence; they also see knowledge they gain via the app as empowering, suggesting a correlation between app use and self-efficacy.Keywords: atrial fibrillation, digital health, app, qualitative, focus group

Hachiman is a broad-spectrum antiphage defense system of unknown function. We show here that Hachiman is a heterodimeric nuclease-helicase complex, HamAB. HamA, previously a protein of unknown function, is the effector nuclease. HamB is the sensor helicase. HamB constrains HamA activity during surveillance of intact double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). When the HamAB complex detects DNA damage, HamB helicase activity activates HamA, unleashing nuclease activity. Hachiman activation degrades all DNA in the cell, creating "phantom" cells devoid of both phage and host DNA. We demonstrate Hachiman activation in the absence of phage by treatment with DNA-damaging agents, suggesting that Hachiman responds to aberrant DNA states. Phylogenetic similarities between the Hachiman helicase and enzymes from eukaryotes and archaea suggest deep functional symmetries with other important helicases across domains of life.

Effector secretion is crucial for root endophytes to establish and protect their ecological niche. We used time-resolved transcriptomics to monitor effector gene expression dynamics in two closely related Sebacinales, Serendipita indica and Serendipita vermifera, during symbiosis with three plant species, competition with the phytopathogenic fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana, and cooperation with root-associated bacteria. We observed increased effector gene expression in response to biotic interactions, particularly with plants, indicating their importance in host colonization. Some effectors responded to both plants and microbes, suggesting dual roles in intermicrobial competition and plant-microbe interactions. A subset of putative antimicrobial effectors, including a GH18-CBM5 chitinase, was induced exclusively by microbes. Functional analyses of this chitinase revealed its antimicrobial and plant-protective properties. We conclude that dynamic effector gene expression underpins the ability of Sebacinales to thrive in diverse ecological niches with a single fungal chitinase contributing substantially to niche defense.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of ceramic orthodontic brackets bonded to highly translucent zirconia surfaces following the use of two different primers.

During the first excavations of the cemetery dating from the Bronze Age and Early Antiquity in the village of Velebit near Kanjiža (Northern Serbia) one of the excavated artefacts was found to belong to a used and broken stone mould for casting anvils. However, without an expert archaeologist to supervise the recovery of this find, which remained unknown for decades after its discovery, as a starting point, the authors of this article present a synthesis that takes into account several aspects of this significant class of metalcraft object. This proceeds from the history of the excavation to the general role of European Bronze Age anvils in gold and bronze metalworking, and then further on to their typological, terminological, chronological and functional analysis and to their long-range distribution as a sign of an interregional network of craftsmen, including their social context and symbolism. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. OI177020: Archeology of Serbia: Cultural Identity, Integration Factors and the Role of the Mid-Balkans in the Development of European Prehistory]