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1. BINGO innovative assembly for background reduction in bolometric $0\nu\beta\beta$ experiments

Author: Armatol, A., Augier, C., Bandac, I. C., Baudin, D., Benato, G., Berest, V., Bergé, L., Billard, J., Calvo-Mozota, J. M., Carniti, P., Chapellier, M., Danevich, F. A., De Jesus, M., Dixon, T., Dumoulin, L., Ferri, F., Gascon, J., Giuliani, A., Gomez, H., Gotti, C., Gras, Ph., Gros, M., Juillard, A., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Lefevre, M., Loaiza, P., de Marcillac, P., Marnieros, S., Marrache-Kikuchi, C. A., Martinez, M., Mas, Ph., Mazzucato, E., Millot, J. F., Nones, C., Olivieri, E., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Pessina, G., Poda, D. V., Rojas, A., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Tellier, O., Tretyak, V. I., Warot, G., Zampieri, Th., Zarytskyy, M. M., and Zolotarova, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: BINGO is a project aiming to set the grounds for large-scale bolometric neutrinoless double-beta-decay experiments capable of investigating the effective Majorana neutrino mass at a few meV level. It focuses on developing innovative technologies (a detector assembly, cryogenic photodetectors and active veto) to achieve a very low background index, of the order of $10^{-5}$ counts/(keV kg yr) in the region of interest. The BINGO demonstrator, called MINI-BINGO, is designed to investigate the promising double-beta-decay isotopes $^{100}$Mo and $^{130}$Te and it will be composed of Li$_2$MoO$_4$ and TeO$_2$ crystals coupled to bolometric light detectors and surrounded by a Bi$_4$Ge$_3$O$_{12}$-based veto. This will allow us to reject a significant background in bolometers caused by surface contamination from $\alpha$-active radionuclides by means of light yield selection and to mitigate other sources of background, such as surface contamination from $\beta$-active radionuclides, external $\gamma$ radioactivity, and pile-up due to random coincidence of background events. This paper describes an R\&D program towards the BINGO goals, particularly focusing on the development of an innovative assembly designed to reduce the passive materials within the line of sight of the detectors, which is expected to be a dominant source of background in next-generation bolometric experiments. We present the performance of two prototype modules -- housing four cubic (4.5-cm side) Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystals in total -- operated in the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain within a facility developed for the CROSS double-beta-decay experiment., Comment: Submitted to Nucl. Instr. Meth. A; 28 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2024

2. ZnO-based scintillating bolometers: New prospects to study double beta decay of $^{64}$Zn

Author: Armatol, A., Broerman, B., Dumoulin, L., Giuliani, A., Khalife, H., Laubenstein, M., Loaiza, P., de Marcillac, P., Marnieros, S., Nagorny, S. S., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Olivieri, E., Pagnanini, L., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Scarpaci, J. -A., and Zolotarova, A. S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The first detailed study on the performance of a ZnO-based cryogenic scintillating bolometer as a detector to search for rare processes in zinc isotopes was performed. A 7.2 g ZnO low-temperature detector, containing more than 80\% of zinc in its mass, exhibits good energy resolution of baseline noise 1.0--2.7 keV FWHM at various working temperatures resulting in a low-energy threshold for the experiment, 2.0--6.0 keV. The light yield for $\beta$/$\gamma$ events was measured as 1.5(3) keV/MeV, while it varies for $\alpha$ particles in the range of 0.2--3.0 keV/MeV. The detector demonstrate an effective identification of the $\beta$/$\gamma$ events from $\alpha$ events using time-properties of only heat signals. %(namely, Rise time parameter). The radiopurity of the ZnO crystal was evaluated using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, an ultra-low-background High Purity Ge $\gamma$-spectrometer, and bolometric measurements. Only limits were set at the level of $\mathcal{O}$(1--100) mBq/kg on activities of \Nuc{K}{40}, \Nuc{Cs}{137} and daughter nuclides from the U/Th natural decay chains. The total internal $\alpha$-activity was calculated to be 22(2) mBq/kg, with a major contribution caused by 6(1) mBq/kg of \Nuc{Th}{232} and 12(2) mBq/kg of \Nuc{U}{234}. Limits on double beta decay (DBD) processes in \Nuc{Zn}{64} and \Nuc{Zn}{70} isotopes were set on the level of $\mathcal{O}(10^{17}$--$10^{18})$ yr for various decay modes profiting from 271 h of acquired background data in the above-ground lab. This study shows a good potential for ZnO-based scintillating bolometers to search for DBD processes of Zn isotopes, especially in \Nuc{Zn}{64}, with the most prominent spectral features at $\sim$10--20 keV, like the two neutrino double electron capture. A 10 kg-scale experiment can reach the experimental sensitivity at the level of $\mathcal{O}(10^{24})$ yr., Comment: Prepared for submission to JINST; 27 pages, 9 figures, and 7 tables
Published: 2023
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3. A first test of CUPID prototypal light detectors with NTD-Ge sensors in a pulse-tube cryostat

Author: CUPID collaboration, Alfonso, K., Armatol, A., Augier, C., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Balata, M., Barabash, A. S., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Berest, V., Beretta, M., Bettelli, M., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Campani, A., Capelli, C., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Copello, S., Craft, E., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., D'Imperio, G., Dabagov, S., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Dixon, T., Dompé, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Foggetta, L., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gallas, A., Gascon, J., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Gianvecchio, A., Girola, M., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Grant, C., Gras, P., Guillaumon, P. V., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Kowalski, R., Langford, T., Lefevre, M., Liu, R., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mas, Ph., Mayer, D., Mazzitelli, G., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Morganti, S., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nikkel, J., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olivieri, E., Olmi, M., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Ponce, I., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Ressa, A., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Rosier, P., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V. N., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Slocum, P., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tomei, C., Torres, J. A., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Wang, R., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Umatov, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A., and Zucchelli, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: CUPID is a next-generation bolometric experiment aiming at searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay with ~250 kg of isotopic mass of $^{100}$Mo. It will operate at $\sim$10 mK in a cryostat currently hosting a similar-scale bolometric array for the CUORE experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (Italy). CUPID will be based on large-volume scintillating bolometers consisting of $^{100}$Mo-enriched Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystals, facing thin Ge-wafer-based bolometric light detectors. In the CUPID design, the detector structure is novel and needs to be validated. In particular, the CUORE cryostat presents a high level of mechanical vibrations due to the use of pulse tubes and the effect of vibrations on the detector performance must be investigated. In this paper we report the first test of the CUPID-design bolometric light detectors with NTD-Ge sensors in a dilution refrigerator equipped with a pulse tube in an above-ground lab. Light detectors are characterized in terms of sensitivity, energy resolution, pulse time constants, and noise power spectrum. Despite the challenging noisy environment due to pulse-tube-induced vibrations, we demonstrate that all the four tested light detectors comply with the CUPID goal in terms of intrinsic energy resolution of 100 eV RMS baseline noise. Indeed, we have measured 70--90 eV RMS for the four devices, which show an excellent reproducibility. We have also obtained outstanding energy resolutions at the 356 keV line from a $^{133}$Ba source with one light detector achieving 0.71(5) keV FWHM, which is -- to our knowledge -- the best ever obtained when compared to $\gamma$ detectors of any technology in this energy range., Comment: Prepared for submission to JINST; 16 pages, 7 figures, and 1 table
Published: 2023
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4. Twelve-crystal prototype of Li$_2$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometers for CUPID and CROSS experiments

Author: CUPID, collaborations, CROSS, Alfonso, K., Armatol, A., Augier, C., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Balata, M., Bandac, I. C., Barabash, A. S., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Berest, V., Beretta, M., Bettelli, M., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Calvo-Mozota, J. M., Camilleri, J., Campani, A., Capelli, C., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Copello, S., Craft, E., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., D'Imperio, G., Dabagov, S., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Dixon, T., Dompé, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Foggetta, L., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gallas, A., Gascon, J., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Gianvecchio, A., Girola, M., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Grant, C., Gras, P., Guillaumon, P. V., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Ianni, A., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Kowalski, R., Langford, T., Lefevre, M., Liu, R., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Marrache-Kikuchi, C. A., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mas, Ph., Mayer, D., Mazzitelli, G., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Morganti, S., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nikkel, J., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olivieri, E., Olmi, M., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Ponce, I., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Ressa, A., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Rosier, P., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V. N., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Slocum, P., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tomei, C., Torres, J. A., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Wang, R., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Umatov, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A., and Zucchelli, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: An array of twelve 0.28 kg lithium molybdate (LMO) low-temperature bolometers equipped with 16 bolometric Ge light detectors, aiming at optimization of detector structure for CROSS and CUPID double-beta decay experiments, was constructed and tested in a low-background pulse-tube-based cryostat at the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain. Performance of the scintillating bolometers was studied depending on the size of phonon NTD-Ge sensors glued to both LMO and Ge absorbers, shape of the Ge light detectors (circular vs. square, from two suppliers), in different light collection conditions (with and without reflector, with aluminum coated LMO crystal surface). The scintillating bolometer array was operated over 8 months in the low-background conditions that allowed to probe a very low, $\mu$Bq/kg, level of the LMO crystals radioactive contamination by $^{228}$Th and $^{226}$Ra., Comment: Prepared for submission to JINST; 23 pages, 9 figures, and 4 tables
Published: 2023
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5. Enhanced light signal for the suppression of pile-up events in Mo-based bolometers for the $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay search

Author: Ahmine, A., Armatol, A., Bandac, I., Bergé, L., Calvo-Mozota, J. M., Carniti, P., Chapellier, M., Dixon, T., Dumoulin, L., Giuliani, A., Gras, Ph., Ferri, F., Imbert, L., Khalife, H., Loaiza, P., de Marcillac, P., Marnieros, S., Marrache-Kikuchi, C. A., Nones, C., Olivieri, E., de Solòrzano, A. Ortiz, Pessina, G., Poda, D. V., Redon, Th., Scarpaci, J. A., Velàzquez, M., and Zolotorova, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Random coincidences of events could be one of the main sources of background in the search for neutrino-less double-beta decay of $^{100}$Mo with macro-bolometers, due to their modest time resolution. Scintillating bolometers as those based on Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystals and employed in the CROSS and CUPID experiments can eventually exploit the coincident fast signal detected in a light detector to reduce this background. However, the scintillation provides a modest signal-to-noise ratio, making difficult a pile-up pulse-shape recognition and rejection at timescales shorter than a few ms. Neganov-Trofimov-Luke assisted light detectors (NTL-LDs) offer the possibility to effectively increase the signal-to-noise ratio, preserving a fast time-response, and enhance the capability of pile-up rejection via pulse shape analysis. In this article we present: a) an experimental work performed with a Li$_2$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometer, studied in the framework of the CROSS experiment, and utilizing a NTL-LD; b) a simulation method to reproduce, synthetically, randomly coincident two-neutrino double-beta decay events; c) a new analysis method based on a pulse-shape discrimination algorithm capable of providing high pile-up rejection efficiencies. We finally show how the NTL-LDs offer a balanced solution between performance and complexity to reach background index $\sim$$10^{-4}$ counts/keV/kg/year with 280~g Li$_2$MoO$_4$ ($^{100}$Mo enriched) bolometers at 3034 keV, the Q-value of the double-beta decay, and target the goal of a next generation experiment like CUPID.
Published: 2023
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6. A first test of CUPID prototypal light detectors with NTD-Ge sensors in a pulse-tube cryostat

Author: Alfonso, K, Armatol, A, Augier, C, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Balata, M, Barabash, AS, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Berest, V, Beretta, M, Bettelli, M, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Campani, A, Capelli, C, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Copello, S, Craft, E, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, Cruciani, A, D'Addabbo, A, D'Imperio, G, Dabagov, S, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, De Jesus, M, de Marcillac, P, Dell'Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Di Lorenzo, S, Dixon, T, Dompé, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Foggetta, L, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, BK, Gallas, A, Gascon, J, Ghislandi, S, Giachero, A, Gianvecchio, A, Girola, M, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Grant, C, Gras, P, Guillaumon, PV, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, SI, Kowalski, R, Langford, T, Lefevre, M, Liu, R, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, and Ma, L
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Cryogenic detectors, Gamma detectors, Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons, X-ray detectors, Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical sciences
Abstract: CUPID is a next-generation bolometric experiment aiming at searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay with ∼250 kg of isotopic mass of 100Mo. It will operate at ∼10 mK in a cryostat currently hosting a similar-scale bolometric array for the CUORE experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (Italy). CUPID will be based on large-volume scintillating bolometers consisting of 100Mo-enriched Li2MoO4 crystals, facing thin Ge-wafer-based bolometric light detectors. In the CUPID design, the detector structure is novel and needs to be validated. In particular, the CUORE cryostat presents a high level of mechanical vibrations due to the use of pulse tubes and the effect of vibrations on the detector performance must be investigated. In this paper we report the first test of the CUPID-design bolometric light detectors with NTD-Ge sensors in a dilution refrigerator equipped with a pulse tube in an above-ground lab. Light detectors are characterized in terms of sensitivity, energy resolution, pulse time constants, and noise power spectrum. Despite the challenging noisy environment due to pulse-tube-induced vibrations, we demonstrate that all the four tested light detectors comply with the CUPID goal in terms of intrinsic energy resolution of 100 eV RMS baseline noise. Indeed, we have measured 70-90 eV RMS for the four devices, which show an excellent reproducibility. We have also obtained high energy resolutions at the 356 keV line from a 133Ba source, as good as Ge semiconductor γ detectors in this energy range.
Published: 2023

7. Twelve-crystal prototype of Li2MoO4 scintillating bolometers for CUPID and CROSS experiments

Author: Alfonso, K, Armatol, A, Augier, C, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Balata, M, Bandac, IC, Barabash, AS, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Berest, V, Beretta, M, Bettelli, M, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Calvo-Mozota, JM, Camilleri, J, Campani, A, Capelli, C, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Copello, S, Craft, E, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, Cruciani, A, D'Addabbo, A, D'Imperio, G, Dabagov, S, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, De Jesus, M, de Marcillac, P, Dell'Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Di Lorenzo, S, Dixon, T, Dompé, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Foggetta, L, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, BK, Gallas, A, Gascon, J, Ghislandi, S, Giachero, A, Gianvecchio, A, Girola, M, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Grant, C, Gras, P, Guillaumon, PV, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Ianni, A, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, SI, Kowalski, R, Langford, T, Lefevre, M, and Liu, R
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, Cryogenic detectors, Double-beta decay detectors, Particle identification methods, Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes, Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical sciences
Abstract: An array of twelve 0.28 kg lithium molybdate (LMO) low-temperature bolometers equipped with 16 bolometric Ge light detectors, aiming at optimization of detector structure for CROSS and CUPID double-beta decay experiments, was constructed and tested in a low-background pulse-tube-based cryostat at the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain. Performance of the scintillating bolometers was studied depending on the size of phonon NTD-Ge sensors glued to both LMO and Ge absorbers, shape of the Ge light detectors (circular vs. square, from two suppliers), in different light collection conditions (with and without reflector, with aluminum coated LMO crystal surface). The scintillating bolometer array was operated over 8 months in the low-background conditions that allowed to probe a very low, μBq/kg, level of the LMO crystals radioactive contamination by 228Th and 226Ra.
Published: 2023

8. CUPID: The Next-Generation Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Experiment

Author: Alfonso, K, Armatol, A, Augier, C, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Balata, M, Barabash, AS, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bettelli, M, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Campani, A, Capelli, C, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Copello, S, Craft, E, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, Cruciani, A, D’Addabbo, A, D’Imperio, G, Dabagov, S, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, De Jesus, M, De Marcillac, P, Dell’Oro, S, Domizio, S Di, Lorenzo, S Di, Dixon, T, Dompè, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Foggetta, L, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, BK, Gallas, A, Gascon, J, Ghislandi, S, Giachero, A, Gianvecchio, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Grant, C, Gras, P, Guillaumon, PV, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, SI, Kowalski, R, Langford, T, Lefevre, M, Liu, R, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, and Mancarella, F
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Neutrinoless double beta decay, Bolometers, Low radioactivity, Cryostat, Next-generation bolometric experiment, Mathematical Physics, Classical Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, General Physics, Classical physics, Condensed matter physics
Abstract: CUPID is a next-generation tonne-scale bolometric neutrinoless double beta decay experiment that will probe the Majorana nature of neutrinos and discover lepton number violation in case of observation of this singular process. CUPID will be built on experience, expertise and lessons learned in CUORE and will be installed in the current CUORE infra-structure in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory. The CUPID detector technology, successfully tested in the CUPID-Mo experiment, is based on scintillating bolometers of Li2MoO4 enriched in the isotope of interest 100Mo. In order to achieve its ambitious science goals, the CUPID collaboration aims to reduce the backgrounds in the region of interest by a factor 100 with respect to CUORE. This performance will be achieved by introducing the high efficient α/β discrimination demonstrated by the CUPID-0 and CUPID-Mo experiments, and using a high transition energy double beta decay nucleus such as 100Mo to minimize the impact of the gamma background. CUPID will consist of about 1500 hybrid heat-light detectors for a total isotope mass of 250 kg. The CUPID scientific reach is supported by a detailed and safe background model based on CUORE, CUPID-Mo and CUPID-0 results. The required performances have already been demonstrated and will be presented.
Published: 2023

9. New results about the revolutionary bolometer assembly of BINGO

Author: Armatol, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay (0$\nu$2$\beta$) is one of the main experimental challenges of modern physics. One experimental technique is given by cryogenic detectors named bolometers that are really promising for this purpose. The current generation tonne-scale experiment CUORE using this technology is putting the best limit on $^{130}$Te 0$\nu$2$\beta$ half-life with TeO$_2$ crystals but its sensitivity is limited by its background. Therefore, it will be followed by the next generation experiment CUPID (CUORE Upgrade with Particle IDentification) that will study $^{100}$Mo embedded inside Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystals in order to reduce the $\gamma$ background. It will also read the scintillation light produced by Li$_2$MoO$_4$ by adding another Ge bolometer acting as a light detector next to the main absorber to reject the $\alpha$ background. Thanks to that, CUPID will reach a sensitivity 2 orders of magnitude higher than CUORE. However, in the case where this is not enough to detect 0$\nu$2$\beta$, BINGO (Bi-Isotope Next Generation 0$\nu$2$\beta$ Observatory) is preparing the next-next generation of bolometric experiments. To improve the 0$\nu$2$\beta$ discovery sensitivity, the goal is to reduce drastically the number of background events in the region of interest and to combine the use of the two previously cited isotopes: $^{130}$Te and $^{100}$Mo. To achieve this goal, BINGO is proposing to implement an active cryogenic veto to suppress the external $\gamma$ background, to use Neganov-Trofimov-Luke effect to increase light detector sensitivity and to use a revolutionary detector assembly to reduce the total surface radioactivity contribution. In this article, we will focus on the latter and present the latest results obtained with two 45$\times$45$\times$45 mm$^{3}$ Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystals., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Contribution to the proceedings of MEDEX'22, Prague, Czech Republic, 13-17 June 2022
Published: 2023

10. Machine Learning Techniques for Pile-Up Rejection in Cryogenic Calorimeters

Author: Fantini, G, Armatol, A, Armengaud, E, Armstrong, W, Augier, C, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Barabash, A, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bergé, L, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chapellier, M, Charrier, A, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Collamati, F, Copello, S, Cova, F, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, Cruciani, A, D’Addabbo, A, D’Imperio, G, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, de Combarieu, M, De Jesus, M, de Marcillac, P, Dell’Oro, S, Domizio, S Di, Dompè, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fasoli, M, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, BK, Gascon, J, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gras, P, Gros, M, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Huang, RG, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, S, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, Mancarella, F, Mariam, R, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Martinez, M, Maruyama, RH, Mauri, B, and Mayer, D
Subjects: Convolutional neural networks, Machine learning, Cryogenic calorimeters, CUPID, Neutrinoless double beta decay, Majorana, Pile-up, Mathematical Physics, Classical Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, General Physics
Abstract: CUORE Upgrade with Particle IDentification (CUPID) is a foreseen ton-scale array of Li2MoO4 (LMO) cryogenic calorimeters with double readout of heat and light signals. Its scientific goal is to fully explore the inverted hierarchy of neutrino masses in the search for neutrinoless double beta decay of 100Mo. Pile-up of standard double beta decay of the candidate isotope is a relevant background. We generate pile-up heat events via injection of Joule heater pulses with a programmable waveform generator in a small array of LMO crystals operated underground in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. This allows to label pile-up pulses and control both time difference and underlying amplitudes of individual heat pulses in the data. We present the performance of supervised learning classifiers on data and the attained pile-up rejection efficiency.
Published: 2022

11. First cryogenic tests on BINGO innovations

Author: Armatol, A., Augier, C., Baudin, D., Benato, G., Billard, J., Carniti, P., Chapellier, M., Charrier, A., Danevich, F., De Combarieu, M., De Jesus, M., Dumoulin, L., Ferri, F., Gascon, J., Giuliani, A., Gomez, H., Gotti, C., Gras, Ph., Gros, M., Juillard, A., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Lefevre, M., Loaiza, P., Marnieros, S., Mas, Ph., Mazzucato, E., Millot, J. F., Nones, C., Pessina, G., Poda, D. V., Scarpaci, J. A., Tellier, O., Tretyak, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., and Zolotarova, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu2\beta$) is a hypothetical rare nuclear transition. Its observation would provide an important insight about the nature of neutrinos (Dirac or Majorana particle) demonstrating that the lepton number is not conserved. BINGO (Bi-Isotope $0\nu2\beta$ Next Generation Observatory) aims to set the technological grounds for future bolometric $0\nu2\beta$ experiments. It is based on a dual heat-light readout, i.e. a main scintillating absorber embedding the double-beta decay isotope accompanied by a cryogenic light detector. BINGO will study two of the most promising isotopes: $^{100}$Mo embedded in Li$_2$MoO$_4$ (LMO) crystals and $^{130}$Te embedded in TeO$_2$. BINGO technology will reduce dramatically the background in the region of interest, thus boosting the discovery sensitivity of $0\nu2\beta$. The proposed solutions will have a high impact on next-generation bolometric tonne-scale experiments, like CUPID. In this contribution, we present the results obtained during the first tests performed in the framework of BINGO R&D., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Contribution to the proceedings of 32nd Rencontres de Blois, Blois, France, 17-22 October 2021
Published: 2022

12. Toward CUPID-1T

Author: Armatol, A., Augier, C., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Balata, M., Ballen, K., Barabash, A. S., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bettelli, M., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Capelli, C., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Copello, S., Craft, E., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., D'Imperio, G., Dabagov, S., Dafinei, I., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Dixon, T., Dompè, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Foggetta, L., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gallas, A., Gascon, J., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Gianvecchio, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Grant, C., Gras, P., Guillaumon, P. V., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Huang, R. G., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Kowalski, R., Langford, T., Liu, R., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mauri, B., Mayer, D., Mazzitelli, G., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Morganti, S., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nikkel, J., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olivieri, E., Olmi, M., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Ponce, I., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Ressa, A., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Rosier, P., Scarpaci, J., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Slocum, P., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tomei, C., Torres, J., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Wang, R., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Umatov, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A., and Zucchelli, S.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Current experiments to search for broken lepton-number symmetry through the observation of neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\mathrm{\nu\beta\beta}$) provide the most stringent limits on the Majorana nature of neutrinos and the effective Majorana neutrino mass ($m_{\beta\beta}$). The next-generation experiments will focus on the sensitivity to the $0\mathrm{\nu\beta\beta}$ half-life of $\mathcal{O}(10^{27}$--$10^{28}$~years$)$ and $m_{\beta\beta}\lesssim15$~meV, which would provide complete coverage of the so-called Inverted Ordering region of the neutrino mass parameter space. By taking advantage of recent technological breakthroughs, new, future calorimetric experiments at the 1-ton scale can increase the sensitivity by at least another order of magnitude, exploring the large fraction of the parameter space that corresponds to the Normal neutrino mass ordering. In case of a discovery, such experiments could provide important insights toward a new understanding of the mechanism of $0\mathrm{\nu\beta\beta}$. We present here a series of projects underway that will provide advancements in background reduction, cryogenic readout, and physics searches beyond $0\mathrm{\nu\beta\beta}$, all moving toward the next-to-next generation CUPID-1T detector., Comment: contribution to Snowmass 2021
Published: 2022

13. Optimization of the first CUPID detector module

Author: CUPID collaboration, Armatol, A., Augier, C., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Balata, M., Ballen, K., Barabash, A. S., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bettelli, M., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Capelli, C., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Copello, S., Craft, E., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., D'Imperio, G., Dabagov, S., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Dixon, T., Dompè, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Foggetta, L., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gallas, A., Gascon, J., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Gianvecchio, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Grant, C., Gras, P., Guillaumon, P. V., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Huang, R. G., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Kowalski, R., Langford, T., Lefevre, M ., Liu, R., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mas, Ph., Mauri, B., Mayer, D., Mazzitelli, G., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Morganti, S., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nikkel, J., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olivieri, E., Olmi, M., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Ponce, I., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Ressa, A., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Rosier, P., Scarpaci, J., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Slocum, P., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tomei, C., Torres, J., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Wang, R., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Umatov, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A., and Zucchelli, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: CUPID will be a next generation experiment searching for the neutrinoless double $\beta$ decay, whose discovery would establish the Majorana nature of the neutrino. Based on the experience achieved with the CUORE experiment, presently taking data at LNGS, CUPID aims to reach a background free environment by means of scintillating Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals coupled to light detectors. Indeed, the simultaneous heat and light detection allows us to reject the dominant background of $\alpha$ particles, as proven by the CUPID-0 and CUPID-Mo demonstrators. In this work we present the results of the first test of the CUPID baseline module. In particular, we propose a new optimized detector structure and light sensors design to enhance the engineering and the light collection, respectively. We characterized the heat detectors, achieving an energy resolution of (5.9 $\pm$ 0.2) keV FWHM at the $Q$-value of $^{100}$Mo (about 3034 keV). We studied the light collection of the baseline CUPID design with respect to an alternative configuration which features gravity-assisted light detectors' mounting. In both cases we obtained an improvement in the light collection with respect to past measures and we validated the particle identification capability of the detector, which ensures an $\alpha$ particle rejection higher than 99.9%, fully satisfying the requirements for CUPID., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2022

14. Optimization of the first CUPID detector module

Author: collaboration, CUPID, Armatol, A, Augier, C, III, FT Avignone, Azzolini, O, Balata, M, Ballen, K, Barabash, AS, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bettelli, M, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Capelli, C, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Copello, S, Craft, E, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, Cruciani, A, D'Addabbo, A, D'Imperio, G, Dabagov, S, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, Jesus, M De, Marcillac, P de, Dell'Oro, S, Domizio, S Di, Lorenzo, S Di, Dixon, T, Dompè, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Foggetta, L, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, BK, Gallas, A, Gascon, J, Ghislandi, S, Giachero, A, Gianvecchio, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Grant, C, Gras, P, Guillaumon, PV, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Huang, RG, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, SI, Kowalski, R, Langford, T, Lefevre, M, Liu, R, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, and Madhukuttan, M
Subjects: physics.ins-det, nucl-ex
Abstract: CUPID will be a next generation experiment searching for the neutrinolessdouble $\beta$ decay, whose discovery would establish the Majorana nature ofthe neutrino. Based on the experience achieved with the CUORE experiment,presently taking data at LNGS, CUPID aims to reach a background freeenvironment by means of scintillating Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals coupledto light detectors. Indeed, the simultaneous heat and light detection allows usto reject the dominant background of $\alpha$ particles, as proven by theCUPID-0 and CUPID-Mo demonstrators. In this work we present the results of thefirst test of the CUPID baseline module. In particular, we propose a newoptimized detector structure and light sensors design to enhance theengineering and the light collection, respectively. We characterized the heatdetectors, achieving an energy resolution of (5.9 $\pm$ 0.2) keV FWHM at the$Q$-value of $^{100}$Mo (about 3034 keV). We studied the light collection ofthe baseline CUPID design with respect to an alternative configuration whichfeatures gravity-assisted light detectors' mounting. In both cases we obtainedan improvement in the light collection with respect to past measures and wevalidated the particle identification capability of the detector, which ensuresan $\alpha$ particle rejection higher than 99.9%, fully satisfying therequirements for CUPID.
Published: 2022

15. Optimization of the first CUPID detector module

Author: Alfonso, K, Armatol, A, Augier, C, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Balata, M, Barabash, AS, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bettelli, M, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Campani, A, Capelli, C, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Copello, S, Craft, E, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, Cruciani, A, D’Addabbo, A, D’Imperio, G, Dabagov, S, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, De Jesus, M, de Marcillac, P, Dell’Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Di Lorenzo, S, Dixon, T, Dompè, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Foggetta, L, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, BK, Gallas, A, Gascon, J, Ghislandi, S, Giachero, A, Gianvecchio, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Grant, C, Gras, P, Guillaumon, PV, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, SI, Kowalski, R, Langford, T, Lefevre, M, Liu, R, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, and Mancarella, F
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Atomic, molecular and optical physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: CUPID will be a next generation experiment searching for the neutrinoless double β decay, whose discovery would establish the Majorana nature of the neutrino. Based on the experience achieved with the CUORE experiment, presently taking data at LNGS, CUPID aims to reach a background free environment by means of scintillating Li2100MoO4 crystals coupled to light detectors. Indeed, the simultaneous heat and light detection allows us to reject the dominant background of α particles, as proven by the CUPID-0 and CUPID-Mo demonstrators. In this work we present the results of the first test of the CUPID baseline module. In particular, we propose a new optimized detector structure and light sensors design to enhance the engineering and the light collection, respectively. We characterized the heat detectors, achieving an energy resolution of (5.9 ± 0.2) keV FWHM at the Q-value of 100Mo (about 3034 keV). We studied the light collection of the baseline CUPID design with respect to an alternative configuration which features gravity-assisted light detectors’ mounting. In both cases we obtained an improvement in the light collection with respect to past measures and we validated the particle identification capability of the detector, which ensures an α particle rejection higher than 99.9%, fully satisfying the requirements for CUPID.
Published: 2022

16. Optimization of a single module of CUPID

Author: Ressa, Alberto, Armatol, A, Armengaud, E, Armstrong, W, Augier, C, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Barabash, A, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bergé, L, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Celi, E, Chang, A, Chapellier, M, Charrier, A, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Collamati, F, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, Cruciani, A, Addabbo, A D’, Imperio, G D’, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, de Combarieu, M, De Jesus, M, de Marcillac, P, Dell’Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Dompè, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, BK, Gascon, J, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gras, P, Gros, M, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, BL, Huang, HZ, Huang, RG, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, S, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, Mancarella, F, Mariam, R, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Martinez, M, Maruyama, RH, Mauri, B, Mayer, D, and Mei, Y
Subjects: Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Other Physical Sciences
Abstract: CUPID is the next generation experiment which will use scintillating cryogenic calorimeters to search for the neutrinoless double β decay. This unobserved process would shed light on the nature of the neutrino, which up to our knowledge could be a Majorana or a Dirac particle, and would give us an important hint to explain the lack of antimatter in the universe. This ambitious search needs a detector with unique characteristics such as an extremely low background level and an excellent energy resolution. CUPID is now in advanced R&D state to optimize the detector design in order to completely exploit the potentialities of scintillating cryogenic calorimeters. In the following I will describe the test performed at the LNGS (Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso) of a single module of the future CUPID detector. In this contribution we present the performance obtained with a novel assembly concept, proving that it matches the requirements for CUPID.
Published: 2021

17. Searching for New Physics in two-neutrino double beta decay with CUPID

Author: Armatol, A, Armengaud, E, Armstrong, W, Augier, C, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Barabash, A, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bergé, L, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chapellier, M, Charrier, A, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Collamati, F, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, Cruciani, A, Addabbo, A D’, Imperio, G D’, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, de Combarieu, M, De Jesus, M, de Marcillac, P, Dell’Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Dompè, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, BK, Gascon, J, Ghislandi, S, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gras, P, Gros, M, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Huang, RG, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, VV, Kotila, J, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, S, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, Mancarella, F, Mariam, R, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Martinez, M, Maruyama, RH, Mauri, B, and Mayer, D
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: In the past few years, attention has been drawn to the fact that a precision analysis of two-neutrino double beta decay (2νββ) allows the study of interesting physics cases like the emission of Majoron bosons and possible Lorentz symmetry violation. These processes modify the summed-energy distribution of the two electrons emitted in 2νββ. CUPID is a next-generation experiment aiming to exploit 100Mo-enriched scintillating Li2MoO4 crystals, operating as cryogenic calorimeters. Given the relatively fast half-life of 100Mo 2νββ and the large exposure that can be reached by CUPID, we expect to measure with very high precision the 100Mo 2νββ spectrum shape, reaching great sensitivities in the search for distortions induced by the physics beyond the Standard Model. In this contribution, we present the CUPID exclusion sensitivity for such New Physics processes, as well as the preliminary projected background of CUPID.
Published: 2021

18. A CUPID Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometer tested in the CROSS underground facility

Author: The CUPID Interest Group, Armatol, A., Armengaud, E., Armstrong, W., Augier, C., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Bandac, I. C., Barabash, A. S., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bergé, L., Bourgeois, Ch., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Calvo-Mozota, J. M., Camilleri, J., Candela, A., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Cazes, A., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chapellier, M., Charrier, A., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Collamati, F., Copello, S., Cova, F., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., D'Imperio, G., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., de Combarieu, M., De Deo, M., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Dompe, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Fasoli, M., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gascon, J., Giachero, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Gras, P., Gros, M., Guerard, E., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Huang, R. G., Ianni, A., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Mariam, R., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mauri, B., Mayer, D., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Misiak, D., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Navick, X. -F., Nikkel, J., Nipoti, R., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olivier, G., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pari, P., Pattavina, L., Paul, B., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polakovic, T., Polischuk, O. G., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Ressa, A., Reynet, D., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Sanglard, V., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V. N., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tellier, O., Tomei, C., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Vedda, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Yumatov, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A. S., and Zucchelli, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: A scintillating bolometer based on a large cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystal (45 mm side) and a Ge wafer (scintillation detector) has been operated in the CROSS cryogenic facility at the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain. The dual-readout detector is a prototype of the technology that will be used in the next-generation $0\nu2\beta$ experiment CUPID. The measurements were performed at 18 and 12 mK temperature in a pulse tube dilution refrigerator. This setup utilizes the same technology as the CUORE cryostat that will host CUPID and so represents an accurate estimation of the expected performance. The Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ bolometer shows a high energy resolution of 6 keV FWHM at the 2615 keV $\gamma$ line. The detection of scintillation light for each event triggered by the Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ bolometer allowed for a full separation ($\sim$8$\sigma$) between $\gamma$($\beta$) and $\alpha$ events above 2 MeV. The Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystal also shows a high internal radiopurity with $^{228}$Th and $^{226}$Ra activities of less than 3 and 8 $\mu$Bq/kg, respectively. Taking also into account the advantage of a more compact and massive detector array, which can be made of cubic-shaped crystals (compared to the cylindrical ones), this test demonstrates the great potential of cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometers for high-sensitivity searches for the $^{100}$Mo $0\nu2\beta$ decay in CROSS and CUPID projects., Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Published: 2020
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19. Characterization of cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals for the CUPID experiment

Author: Armatol, A., Armengaud, E., Armstrong, W., Augier, C., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Barabash, A., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bergè, L., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Cazes, A., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chapellier, M., Charrier, A., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Collamati, F., Copello, S., Cova, F., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., D'Imperio, G., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., de Combarieu, M., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Dompé, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Fasoli, M., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gascon, J., Giachero, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Gras, P., Gros, M., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Huang, R. G., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Mariam, R., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mauri, B., Mayer, D., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Misiak, D., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Navick, X. F., Nikkel, J., Nipoti, R., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pari, P., Pattavina, L., Paul, B., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polakovic, T., Polischuk, O. G., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Ressa, A., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Rusconi, C., Sanglard, V., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tellier, O., Tomei, C., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Vedda, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Yumatov, V., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A., and Zucchelli, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The CUPID Collaboration is designing a tonne-scale, background-free detector to search for double beta decay with sufficient sensitivity to fully explore the parameter space corresponding to the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy scenario. One of the CUPID demonstrators, CUPID-Mo, has proved the potential of enriched Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals as suitable detectors for neutrinoless double beta decay search. In this work, we characterised cubic crystals that, compared to the cylindrical crystals used by CUPID-Mo, are more appealing for the construction of tightly packed arrays. We measured an average energy resolution of (6.7$\pm$0.6) keV FWHM in the region of interest, approaching the CUPID target of 5 keV FWHM. We assessed the identification of $\alpha$ particles with and without a reflecting foil that enhances the scintillation light collection efficiency, proving that the baseline design of CUPID already ensures a complete suppression of this $\alpha$-induced background contribution. We also used the collected data to validate a Monte Carlo simulation modelling the light collection efficiency, which will enable further optimisations of the detector.
Published: 2020

20. Novel technique for the study of pile-up events in cryogenic bolometers

Author: Armatol, A., Armengaud, E., Armstrong, W., Augier, C., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Barabash, A., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bergé, L., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Cazes, A., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chapellier, M., Charrier, A., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Collamati, F., Copello, S., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., D'Imperio, G., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., de Combarieu, M., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Dompè, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gascon, J., Giachero, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Gras, P., Gros, M., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Huang, R. G., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Mariam, R., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mauri, B., Mayer, D., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Misiak, D., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Navick, X. F., Nikkel, J., Nipoti, R., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pari, P., Pattavina, L., Paul, B., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polakovic, T., Polischuk, O. G., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Ressa, A., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Rusconi, C., Sanglard, V., Scarpaci, J., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tellier, O., Tomei, C., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Yumatov, V., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A., and Zucchelli, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Precise characterization of detector time resolution is of crucial importance for next-generation cryogenic-bolometer experiments searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay, such as CUPID, in order to reject background due to pile-up of two-neutrino double-beta decay events. In this paper, we describe a technique developed to study the pile-up rejection capability of cryogenic bolometers. Our approach, which consists of producing controlled pile-up events with a programmable waveform generator, has the benefit that we can reliably and reproducibly control the time separation and relative energy of the individual components of the generated pile-up events. The resulting data allow us to optimize and benchmark analysis strategies to discriminate between individual and pile-up pulses. We describe a test of this technique performed with a small array of detectors at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, in Italy; we obtain a 90% rejection efficiency against pulser-generated pile-up events with rise time of ~15ms down to time separation between the individual events of about 2ms.
Published: 2020
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21. Enhanced light signal for the suppression of pile-up events in Mo-based bolometers for the 0 $$\nu \beta \beta $$ ν β β decay search.

Author: A. Ahmine, A. Armatol, I. Bandac, L. Bergé, J. M. Calvo-Mozota, P. Carniti, M. Chapellier, T. Dixon, L. Dumoulin, A. Giuliani, Ph. Gras, F. Ferri, L. Imbert, H. Khalife, P. Loaiza, P. de Marcillac, S. Marnieros, C. A. Marrache-Kikuchi, C. Nones, E. Olivieri, A. Ortiz de Solórzano, G. Pessina, D. V. Poda, Th. Redon, J. A. Scarpaci, M. Velázquez, and A. Zolotarova
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract Random coincidences of events could be one of the main sources of background in the search for neutrino-less double-beta decay of $$^{100}$$ 100 Mo with macro-bolometers, due to their modest time resolution. Scintillating bolometers as those based on Li $$_2$$ 2 MoO $$_4$$ 4 crystals and employed in the CROSS and CUPID experiments can eventually exploit the coincident fast signal detected in a light detector to reduce this background. However, the scintillation provides a modest signal-to-noise ratio, making difficult a pile-up pulse-shape recognition and rejection at timescales shorter than a few ms. Neganov–Trofimov–Luke assisted light detectors (NTL-LDs) offer the possibility to effectively increase the signal-to-noise ratio, preserving a fast time-response, and enhance the capability of pile-up rejection via pulse shape analysis. In this article we present: (a) an experimental work performed with a Li $$_2$$ 2 MoO $$_4$$ 4 scintillating bolometer, studied in the framework of the CROSS experiment, and utilizing a NTL-LD; (b) a simulation method to reproduce, synthetically, randomly coincident two-neutrino double-beta decay events; (c) a new analysis method based on a pulse-shape discrimination algorithm capable of providing high pile-up rejection efficiencies. We finally show how the NTL-LDs offer a balanced solution between performance and complexity to reach background index $$\sim $$ ∼ $$10^{-4}$$ 10 - 4 counts/keV/kg/year with 280 g Li $$_2$$ 2 MoO $$_4$$ 4 ( $$^{100}$$ 100 Mo enriched) bolometers at 3034 keV, the Q $$_{\beta \beta }$$ β β of the double-beta decay, and target the goal of a next generation experiment like CUPID.
Published: 2023
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22. Novel technique for the study of pileup events in cryogenic bolometers

Author: Armatol, A, Armengaud, E, Armstrong, W, Augier, C, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Barabash, A, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bergé, L, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chapellier, M, Charrier, A, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Collamati, F, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, Cruciani, A, D'Addabbo, A, D'Imperio, G, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, de Combarieu, M, De Jesus, M, de Marcillac, P, Dell'Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Dompè, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, BK, Gascon, J, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gras, P, Gros, M, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Huang, RG, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, S, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, Mancarella, F, Mariam, R, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Martinez, M, Maruyama, RH, Mauri, B, Mayer, D, Mei, Y, and Milana, S
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract: Precise characterization of detector time resolution is of crucial importance for next-generation cryogenic-bolometer experiments searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay, such as CUPID, in order to reject background due to pileup of two-neutrino double-beta decay events. In this paper, we describe a technique developed to study the pileup rejection capability of cryogenic bolometers. Our approach, which consists of producing controlled pileup events with a programmable wave-form generator, has the benefit that we can reliably and reproducibly control the time separation and relative energy of the individual components of the generated pileup events. The resulting data allow us to optimize and benchmark analysis strategies to discriminate between individual and pileup pulses. We describe a test of this technique performed with a small array of detectors at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, in Italy; we obtain a 90% rejection efficiency against pulser-generated pileup events with rise time of ∼15ms down to time separation between the individual events of about 2ms.
Published: 2021

23. A CUPID (Li2MoO4)-Mo-100 scintillating bolometer tested in the CROSS underground facility

Author: Armatol, A, Armengaud, E, Armstrong, W, Augier, C, III, Avignone FT, Azzolini, O, Bandac, IC, Barabash, AS, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Berge, L, Bourgeois, Ch, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Calvo-Mozota, JM, Camilleri, J, Candela, A, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chapellier, M, Charrier, A, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Collamati, F, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, Cruciani, A, D'Addabbo, A, D'Imperio, G, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, de Combarieu, M, De Deo, M, De Jesus, M, de Marcillac, P, Dell'Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Dompe, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, BK, Gascon, J, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gras, P, Gros, M, Guerard, E, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Huang, RG, Ianni, A, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, SI, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, Mancarella, F, Mariam, R, and Marini, L
Subjects: Cryogenic detectors, Double-beta decay detectors, Particle identification methods, Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes, physics.ins-det, Physical Sciences, Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics
Abstract: A scintillating bolometer based on a large cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$crystal (45 mm side) and a Ge wafer (scintillation detector) has been operatedin the CROSS cryogenic facility at the Canfranc underground laboratory inSpain. The dual-readout detector is a prototype of the technology that will beused in the next-generation $0\nu2\beta$ experiment CUPID. The measurementswere performed at 18 and 12 mK temperature in a pulse tube dilutionrefrigerator. This setup utilizes the same technology as the CUORE cryostatthat will host CUPID and so represents an accurate estimation of the expectedperformance. The Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ bolometer shows a high energyresolution of 6 keV FWHM at the 2615 keV $\gamma$ line. The detection ofscintillation light for each event triggered by the Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$bolometer allowed for a full separation ($\sim$8$\sigma$) between$\gamma$($\beta$) and $\alpha$ events above 2 MeV. The Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$crystal also shows a high internal radiopurity with $^{228}$Th and $^{226}$Raactivities of less than 3 and 8 $\mu$Bq/kg, respectively. Taking also intoaccount the advantage of a more compact and massive detector array, which canbe made of cubic-shaped crystals (compared to the cylindrical ones), this testdemonstrates the great potential of cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillatingbolometers for high-sensitivity searches for the $^{100}$Mo $0\nu2\beta$ decayin CROSS and CUPID projects.
Published: 2021

24. A CUPID Li2100MoO4 scintillating bolometer tested in the CROSS underground facility

Author: Armatol, A, Armengaud, E, Armstrong, W, Augier, C, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Bandac, IC, Barabash, AS, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bergé, L, Bourgeois, Ch, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Calvo-Mozota, JM, Camilleri, J, Candela, A, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chapellier, M, Charrier, A, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Collamati, F, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, Cruciani, A, D'Addabbo, A, D'Imperio, G, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, de Combarieu, M, De Deo, M, De Jesus, M, de Marcillac, P, Dell'Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Dompe, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, BK, Gascon, J, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gras, P, Gros, M, Guerard, E, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Huang, RG, Ianni, A, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, SI, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, Mancarella, F, Mariam, R, and Marini, L
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Cryogenic detectors, Double-beta decay detectors, Particle identification methods, Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes, physics.ins-det, Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical sciences
Abstract: A scintillating bolometer based on a large cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$crystal (45 mm side) and a Ge wafer (scintillation detector) has been operatedin the CROSS cryogenic facility at the Canfranc underground laboratory inSpain. The dual-readout detector is a prototype of the technology that will beused in the next-generation $0u2\beta$ experiment CUPID. The measurementswere performed at 18 and 12 mK temperature in a pulse tube dilutionrefrigerator. This setup utilizes the same technology as the CUORE cryostatthat will host CUPID and so represents an accurate estimation of the expectedperformance. The Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ bolometer shows a high energyresolution of 6 keV FWHM at the 2615 keV $\gamma$ line. The detection ofscintillation light for each event triggered by the Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$bolometer allowed for a full separation ($\sim$8$\sigma$) between$\gamma$($\beta$) and $\alpha$ events above 2 MeV. The Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$crystal also shows a high internal radiopurity with $^{228}$Th and $^{226}$Raactivities of less than 3 and 8 $\mu$Bq/kg, respectively. Taking also intoaccount the advantage of a more compact and massive detector array, which canbe made of cubic-shaped crystals (compared to the cylindrical ones), this testdemonstrates the great potential of cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillatingbolometers for high-sensitivity searches for the $^{100}$Mo $0u2\beta$ decayin CROSS and CUPID projects.
Published: 2021

25. A CUPID Li2100MoO4scintillating bolometer tested in the CROSS underground facility

Author: Armatol, A, Armengaud, E, Armstrong, W, Augier, C, Iii, FTA, Azzolini, O, Bandac, IC, Barabash, AS, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bergé, L, Bourgeois, C, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Calvo-Mozota, JM, Camilleri, J, Candela, A, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chapellier, M, Charrier, A, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Collamati, F, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, Cruciani, A, D'Addabbo, A, D'Imperio, G, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, De Combarieu, M, Deo, MD, Jesus, MD, De Marcillac, P, Dell'Oro, S, Domizio, SD, Dompe, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, BK, Gascon, J, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gras, P, Gros, M, Guerard, E, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Huang, RG, Ianni, A, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, YG, Konovalov, SI, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, Mancarella, F, Mariam, R, and Marini, L
Subjects: Physical Sciences, Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical sciences
Abstract: A scintillating bolometer based on a large cubic Li2100MoO4 crystal (45 mm side) and a Ge wafer (scintillation detector) has been operated in the CROSS cryogenic facility at the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain. The dual-readout detector is a prototype of the technology that will be used in the next-generation 0ν2β experiment CUPID . The measurements were performed at 18 and 12 mK temperature in a pulse tube dilution refrigerator. This setup utilizes the same technology as the CUORE cryostat that will host CUPID and so represents an accurate estimation of the expected performance. The Li2100MoO4 bolometer shows a high energy resolution of 6 keV FWHM at the 2615 keV γ line. The detection of scintillation light for each event triggered by the Li2100MoO4 bolometer allowed for a full separation (∼8σ) between γ(β) and α events above 2 MeV . The Li2100MoO4 crystal also shows a high internal radiopurity with 228Th and 226Ra activities of less than 3 and 8 μBq/kg, respectively. Taking also into account the advantage of a more compact and massive detector array, which can be made of cubic-shaped crystals (compared to the cylindrical ones), this test demonstrates the great potential of cubic Li2100MoO4 scintillating bolometers for high-sensitivity searches for the 100Mo 0ν2β decay in CROSS and CUPID projects.
Published: 2021

26. Characterization of cubic Li2100MoO4 crystals for the CUPID experiment

Author: Armatol, A, Armengaud, E, Armstrong, W, Augier, C, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Barabash, A, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bergé, L, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chapellier, M, Charrier, A, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Collamati, F, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, J. Creswick, R, Cruciani, A, D’Addabbo, A, D’Imperio, G, Dafinei, I, A. Danevich, F, de Combarieu, M, De Jesus, M, de Marcillac, P, Dell’Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Dompè, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, BK, Gascon, J, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gras, P, Gros, M, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Huang, RG, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, S, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, Mancarella, F, Mariam, R, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Martinez, M, Maruyama, RH, Mauri, B, Mayer, D, Mei, Y, and Milana, S
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, physics.ins-det, nucl-ex, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Atomic, molecular and optical physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract: The CUPID Collaboration is designing a tonne-scale, background-free detector to search for double beta decay with sufficient sensitivity to fully explore the parameter space corresponding to the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy scenario. One of the CUPID demonstrators, CUPID-Mo, has proved the potential of enriched Li2100MoO4 crystals as suitable detectors for neutrinoless double beta decay search. In this work, we characterised cubic crystals that, compared to the cylindrical crystals used by CUPID-Mo, are more appealing for the construction of tightly packed arrays. We measured an average energy resolution of (6.7 ± 0.6) keV FWHM in the region of interest, approaching the CUPID target of 5 keV FWHM. We assessed the identification of α particles with and without a reflecting foil that enhances the scintillation light collection efficiency, proving that the baseline design of CUPID already ensures a complete suppression of this α-induced background contribution. We also used the collected data to validate a Monte Carlo simulation modelling the light collection efficiency, which will enable further optimisations of the detector.
Published: 2021

27. Characterization of cubic Li 2100 MoO 4 crystals for the CUPID experiment

Author: Armatol, A, Armengaud, E, Armstrong, W, Augier, C, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Barabash, A, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bergé, L, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chapellier, M, Charrier, A, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Collamati, F, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, J. Creswick, R, Cruciani, A, D’Addabbo, A, D’Imperio, G, Dafinei, I, A. Danevich, F, de Combarieu, M, De Jesus, M, de Marcillac, P, Dell’Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Dompè, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, BK, Gascon, J, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gras, P, Gros, M, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Huang, RG, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, YG, Konovalov, S, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, Mancarella, F, Mariam, R, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Martinez, M, Maruyama, RH, Mauri, B, Mayer, D, Mei, Y, and Milana, S
Subjects: physics.ins-det, nucl-ex, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract: The CUPID Collaboration is designing a tonne-scale, background-free detector to search for double beta decay with sufficient sensitivity to fully explore the parameter space corresponding to the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy scenario. One of the CUPID demonstrators, CUPID-Mo, has proved the potential of enriched Li2100MoO4 crystals as suitable detectors for neutrinoless double beta decay search. In this work, we characterised cubic crystals that, compared to the cylindrical crystals used by CUPID-Mo, are more appealing for the construction of tightly packed arrays. We measured an average energy resolution of (6.7 ± 0.6) keV FWHM in the region of interest, approaching the CUPID target of 5 keV FWHM. We assessed the identification of α particles with and without a reflecting foil that enhances the scintillation light collection efficiency, proving that the baseline design of CUPID already ensures a complete suppression of this α-induced background contribution. We also used the collected data to validate a Monte Carlo simulation modelling the light collection efficiency, which will enable further optimisations of the detector.
Published: 2021

28. Novel technique for the study of pile-up events in cryogenic bolometers

Author: Armatol, A, Armengaud, E, Armstrong, W, Augier, C, III, FT Avignone, Azzolini, O, Barabash, A, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bergé, L, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chapellier, M, Charrier, A, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Collamati, F, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, Cruciani, A, D'Addabbo, A, D'Imperio, G, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, Combarieu, M de, Jesus, M De, Marcillac, P de, Dell'Oro, S, Domizio, S Di, Dompè, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, BK, Gascon, J, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gras, P, Gros, M, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Huang, RG, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, S, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, Mancarella, F, Mariam, R, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Martinez, M, Maruyama, RH, Mauri, B, Mayer, D, Mei, Y, and Milana, S
Subjects: physics.ins-det
Abstract: Precise characterization of detector time resolution is of crucial importancefor next-generation cryogenic-bolometer experiments searching for neutrinolessdouble-beta decay, such as CUPID, in order to reject background due to pile-upof two-neutrino double-beta decay events. In this paper, we describe atechnique developed to study the pile-up rejection capability of cryogenicbolometers. Our approach, which consists of producing controlled pile-up eventswith a programmable waveform generator, has the benefit that we can reliablyand reproducibly control the time separation and relative energy of theindividual components of the generated pile-up events. The resulting data allowus to optimize and benchmark analysis strategies to discriminate betweenindividual and pile-up pulses. We describe a test of this technique performedwith a small array of detectors at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, inItaly; we obtain a 90% rejection efficiency against pulser-generated pile-upevents with rise time of ~15ms down to time separation between the individualevents of about 2ms.
Published: 2020

29. CUPID: The Next-Generation Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Experiment

Author: Alfonso, K., Armatol, A., Augier, C., Avignone, III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Balata, M., Barabash, A. S., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bettelli, M., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Campani, A., Capelli, C., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Copello, S., Craft, E., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D’Addabbo, A., D’Imperio, G., Dabagov, S., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., De Jesus, M., De Marcillac, P., Dell’Oro, S., Domizio, S. Di, Lorenzo, S. Di, Dixon, T., Dompè, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Foggetta, L., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gallas, A., Gascon, J., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Gianvecchio, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Grant, C., Gras, P., Guillaumon, P. V., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Kowalski, R., Langford, T., Lefevre, M., Liu, R., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mas, Ph., Mauri, B., Mayer, D., Mazzitelli, G., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Morganti, S., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nikkel, J., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O’Donnell, T., Olivieri, E., Olmi, M., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Ponce, I., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Ressa, A., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Rosier, P., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V. N., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Slocum, P., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tomei, C., Torres, J. A., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Wang, R., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Umatov, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A., and Zucchelli, S.
Published: 2022
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30. Characterization of cubic Li $$_{2}$$ 2 $$^{100}$$ 100 MoO $$_4$$ 4 crystals for the CUPID experiment

Author: The CUPID Collaboration, A. Armatol, E. Armengaud, W. Armstrong, C. Augier, F. T. Avignone, O. Azzolini, A. Barabash, G. Bari, A. Barresi, D. Baudin, F. Bellini, G. Benato, M. Beretta, L. Bergé, M. Biassoni, J. Billard, V. Boldrini, A. Branca, C. Brofferio, C. Bucci, J. Camilleri, S. Capelli, L. Cappelli, L. Cardani, P. Carniti, N. Casali, A. Cazes, E. Celi, C. Chang, M. Chapellier, A. Charrier, D. Chiesa, M. Clemenza, I. Colantoni, F. Collamati, S. Copello, O. Cremonesi, R. J. Creswick, A. Cruciani, A. D’Addabbo, G. D’Imperio, I. Dafinei, F. A. Danevich, M. de Combarieu, M. De Jesus, P. de Marcillac, S. Dell’Oro, S. Di Domizio, V. Dompè, A. Drobizhev, L. Dumoulin, G. Fantini, M. Faverzani, E. Ferri, F. Ferri, F. Ferroni, E. Figueroa-Feliciano, J. Formaggio, A. Franceschi, C. Fu, S. Fu, B. K. Fujikawa, J. Gascon, A. Giachero, L. Gironi, A. Giuliani, P. Gorla, C. Gotti, P. Gras, M. Gros, T. D. Gutierrez, K. Han, E. V. Hansen, K. M. Heeger, D. L. Helis, H. Z. Huang, R. G. Huang, L. Imbert, J. Johnston, A. Juillard, G. Karapetrov, G. Keppel, H. Khalife, V. V. Kobychev, Yu. G. Kolomensky, S. Konovalov, Y. Liu, P. Loaiza, L. Ma, M. Madhukuttan, F. Mancarella, R. Mariam, L. Marini, S. Marnieros, M. Martinez, R. H. Maruyama, B. Mauri, D. Mayer, Y. Mei, S. Milana, D. Misiak, T. Napolitano, M. Nastasi, X. F. Navick, J. Nikkel, R. Nipoti, S. Nisi, C. Nones, E. B. Norman, V. Novosad, I. Nutini, T. O’Donnell, E. Olivieri, C. Oriol, J. L. Ouellet, S. Pagan, C. Pagliarone, L. Pagnanini, P. Pari, L. Pattavina, B. Paul, M. Pavan, H. Peng, G. Pessina, V. Pettinacci, C. Pira, S. Pirro, D. V. Poda, T. Polakovic, O. G. Polischuk, S. Pozzi, E. Previtali, A. Puiu, A. Ressa, R. Rizzoli, C. Rosenfeld, C. Rusconi, V. Sanglard, J. A. Scarpaci, B. Schmidt, V. Sharma, V. Shlegel, V. Singh, M. Sisti, D. Speller, P. T. Surukuchi, L. Taffarello, O. Tellier, C. Tomei, V. I. Tretyak, A. Tsymbaliuk, M. Velazquez, K. J. Vetter, S. L. Wagaarachchi, G. Wang, L. Wang, B. Welliver, J. Wilson, K. Wilson, L. A. Winslow, M. Xue, L. Yan, J. Yang, V. Yefremenko, V. Yumatov, M. M. Zarytskyy, J. Zhang, A. Zolotarova, and S. Zucchelli
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract The CUPID Collaboration is designing a tonne-scale, background-free detector to search for double beta decay with sufficient sensitivity to fully explore the parameter space corresponding to the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy scenario. One of the CUPID demonstrators, CUPID-Mo, has proved the potential of enriched Li $$_{2}$$ 2 $$^{100}$$ 100 MoO $$_4$$ 4 crystals as suitable detectors for neutrinoless double beta decay search. In this work, we characterised cubic crystals that, compared to the cylindrical crystals used by CUPID-Mo, are more appealing for the construction of tightly packed arrays. We measured an average energy resolution of ( $$6.7\pm 0.6$$ 6.7 ± 0.6 ) keV FWHM in the region of interest, approaching the CUPID target of 5 keV FWHM. We assessed the identification of $$\alpha $$ α particles with and without a reflecting foil that enhances the scintillation light collection efficiency, proving that the baseline design of CUPID already ensures a complete suppression of this $$\alpha $$ α -induced background contribution. We also used the collected data to validate a Monte Carlo simulation modelling the light collection efficiency, which will enable further optimisations of the detector.
Published: 2021
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Author: Armatol, A.
Published: 2022
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32. Enhanced light signal for the suppression of pile-up events in Mo-based bolometers for the 0$$\nu \beta \beta $$ decay search.

Author: Ahmine, A., primary, Armatol, A., additional, Bandac, I., additional, Bergé, L., additional, Calvo-Mozota, J. M., additional, Carniti, P., additional, Chapellier, M., additional, Dixon, T., additional, Dumoulin, L., additional, Giuliani, A., additional, Gras, Ph., additional, Ferri, F., additional, Imbert, L., additional, Khalife, H., additional, Loaiza, P., additional, de Marcillac, P., additional, Marnieros, S., additional, Marrache-Kikuchi, C. A., additional, Nones, C., additional, Olivieri, E., additional, de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, additional, Pessina, G., additional, Poda, D. V., additional, Redon, Th., additional, Scarpaci, J. A., additional, Velázquez, M., additional, and Zolotarova, A., additional
Published: 2023
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33. Enhanced light signal as a powerful method to mitigate random coincidence background in double beta decay search with Mo-containing scintillating bolometers

Author: Armatol, A, Bandac, I, Bergé, L, Calvo-Mozota, J.M, Carniti, P, Chapellier, M, Dixon, T, Dumoulin, L, Giuliani, A, Gras, Ph, Ferri, F, Imbert, L, Khalife, H, Loaiza, P, de Marcillac, P, Marnieros, S, Marrache-Kikuchi, C.A, Nones, C, Olivieri, E, de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Pessina, G, Poda, D.V, Redon, Th, Scarpaci, J.A, Velázquez, M, Zolotarova, A, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: bolometer, background, pile-up, efficiency, shape analysis, double-beta decay, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], time resolution, scintillation counter, performance, crystal
Abstract: International audience; Random coincidences of events could be one of the main sources of background in the search for neutrino-less double-beta decay of $^{100}$Mo with macro-bolometers, due to their modest time resolution. Scintillating bolometers as those based on Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystals and employed in the CROSS and CUPID experiments can eventually exploit the coincident fast signal detected in a light detector to reduce this background. However, the scintillation provides a modest signal-to-noise ratio, making difficult a pile-up pulse-shape recognition and rejection at timescales shorter than a few ms. Neganov-Trofimov-Luke assisted light detectors (NTL-LDs) offer the possibility to effectively increase the signal-to-noise ratio, preserving a fast time-response, and enhance the capability of pile-up rejection via pulse shape analysis. In this article we present: a) an experimental work performed with a Li$_2$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometer, studied in the framework of the CROSS experiment, and utilizing a NTL-LD; b) a simulation method to reproduce, synthetically, randomly coincident two-neutrino double-beta decay events; c) a new analysis method based on a pulse-shape discrimination algorithm capable of providing high pile-up rejection efficiencies. We finally show how the NTL-LDs offer a balanced solution between performance and complexity to reach background index $\sim$$10^{-4}$ counts/keV/kg/year with 280~g Li$_2$MoO$_4$ ($^{100}$Mo enriched) bolometers at 3034 keV, the Q-value of the double-beta decay, and target the goal of a next generation experiment like CUPID.
Published: 2023

34. Machine Learning Techniques for Pile-Up Rejection in Cryogenic Calorimeters

Author: G. Fantini, A. Armatol, E. Armengaud, W. Armstrong, C. Augier, F. T. Avignone, O. Azzolini, A. Barabash, G. Bari, A. Barresi, D. Baudin, F. Bellini, G. Benato, M. Beretta, L. Bergé, M. Biassoni, J. Billard, V. Boldrini, A. Branca, C. Brofferio, C. Bucci, J. Camilleri, S. Capelli, L. Cappelli, L. Cardani, P. Carniti, N. Casali, A. Cazes, E. Celi, C. Chang, M. Chapellier, A. Charrier, D. Chiesa, M. Clemenza, I. Colantoni, F. Collamati, S. Copello, F. Cova, O. Cremonesi, R. J. Creswick, A. Cruciani, A. D’Addabbo, G. D’Imperio, I. Dafinei, F. A. Danevich, M. de Combarieu, M. De Jesus, P. de Marcillac, S. Dell’Oro, S. Di Domizio, V. Dompè, A. Drobizhev, L. Dumoulin, M. Fasoli, M. Faverzani, E. Ferri, F. Ferri, F. Ferroni, E. Figueroa-Feliciano, J. Formaggio, A. Franceschi, C. Fu, S. Fu, B. K. Fujikawa, J. Gascon, A. Giachero, L. Gironi, A. Giuliani, P. Gorla, C. Gotti, P. Gras, M. Gros, T. D. Gutierrez, K. Han, E. V. Hansen, K. M. Heeger, D. L. Helis, H. Z. Huang, R. G. Huang, L. Imbert, J. Johnston, A. Juillard, G. Karapetrov, G. Keppel, H. Khalife, V. V. Kobychev, Yu. G. Kolomensky, S. Konovalov, Y. Liu, P. Loaiza, L. Ma, M. Madhukuttan, F. Mancarella, R. Mariam, L. Marini, S. Marnieros, M. Martinez, R. H. Maruyama, B. Mauri, D. Mayer, Y. Mei, S. Milana, D. Misiak, T. Napolitano, M. Nastasi, X. F. Navick, J. Nikkel, R. Nipoti, S. Nisi, C. Nones, E. B. Norman, V. Novosad, I. Nutini, T. O’Donnell, E. Olivieri, C. Oriol, J. L. Ouellet, S. Pagan, C. Pagliarone, L. Pagnanini, P. Pari, L. Pattavina, B. Paul, M. Pavan, H. Peng, G. Pessina, V. Pettinacci, C. Pira, S. Pirro, D. V. Poda, T. Polakovic, O. G. Polischuk, S. Pozzi, E. Previtali, A. Puiu, A. Ressa, R. Rizzoli, C. Rosenfeld, C. Rusconi, V. Sanglard, J. Scarpaci, B. Schmidt, V. Sharma, V. Shlegel, V. Singh, M. Sisti, D. Speller, P. T. Surukuchi, L. Taffarello, O. Tellier, C. Tomei, V. I. Tretyak, A. Tsymbaliuk, A. Vedda, M. Velazquez, K. J. Vetter, S. L. Wagaarachchi, G. Wang, L. Wang, B. Welliver, J. Wilson, K. Wilson, L. A. Winslow, M. Xue, L. Yan, J. Yang, V. Yefremenko, V. Yumatov, M. M. Zarytskyy, J. Zhang, A. Zolotarova, S. Zucchelli, Fantini, G, Armatol, A, Armengaud, E, Armstrong, W, Augier, C, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Barabash, A, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Berge, L, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chapellier, M, Charrier, A, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Collamati, F, Copello, S, Cova, F, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, Cruciani, A, D'Addabbo, A, D'Imperio, G, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, de Combarieu, M, De Jesus, M, de Marcillac, P, Dell'Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Dompe, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fasoli, M, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, BK, Gascon, J, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gras, P, Gros, M, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Huang, RG, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, YG, Konovalov, S, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, Mancarella, F, Mariam, R, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Martinez, M, Maruyama, RH, Mauri, B, Mayer, D, Mei, Y, Milana, S, Misiak, D, Napolitano, T, Nastasi, M, Navick, XF, Nikkel, J, Nipoti, R, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Norman, EB, Novosad, V, Nutini, I, O'Donnell, T, Olivieri, E, Oriol, C, Ouellet, JL, Pagan, S, Pagliarone, C, Pagnanini, L, Pari, P, Pattavina, L, Paul, B, Pavan, M, Peng, H, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pira, C, Pirro, S, Poda, DV, Polakovic, T, Polischuk, OG, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Ressa, A, Rizzoli, R, Rosenfeld, C, Rusconi, C, Sanglard, V, Scarpaci, J, Schmidt, B, Sharma, V, Shlegel, V, Singh, V, Sisti, M, Speller, D, Surukuchi, PT, Taffarello, L, Tellier, O, Tomei, C, Tretyak, VI, Tsymbaliuk, A, Vedda, A, Velazquez, M, Vetter, KJ, Wagaarachchi, SL, Wang, G, Wang, L, Welliver, B, Wilson, J, Wilson, K, Winslow, LA, Xue, M, Yan, L, Yang, J, Yefremenko, V, Yumatov, V, Zarytskyy, MM, Zhang, J, Zolotarova, A, Zucchelli, S, Laboratoire de Cryogénie (LC), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Avignone, F, Bergé, L, Creswick, R, D’Addabbo, A, D’Imperio, G, Danevich, F, Dell’Oro, S, Domizio, S, Dompè, V, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Fujikawa, B, Gutierrez, T, Hansen, E, Heeger, K, Helis, D, Huang, H, Huang, R, Kobychev, V, Kolomensky, Y, Maruyama, R, Navick, X, Norman, E, O’Donnell, T, Ouellet, J, Poda, D, Polischuk, O, Surukuchi, P, Tretyak, V, Vetter, K, Wagaarachchi, S, Winslow, L, and Zarytskyy, M
Subjects: neural network, Convolutional neural network, hierarchy, crystal, Cryogenic calorimeters, neutrino, Machine learning, CUPID, calorimeter, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], General Materials Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Neutrinoless double beta decay, neutrinoless, Pile-up, CUORE, background, double-beta decay, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Gran Sasso, injection, cryogenics, efficiency, mass, readout, Convolutional neural networks, upgrade, Cryogenic calorimeter, performance, Majorana
Abstract: CUORE Upgrade with Particle IDentification (CUPID) is a foreseen ton-scale array of Li2MoO4 (LMO) cryogenic calorimeters with double readout of heat and light signals. Its scientific goal is to fully explore the inverted hierarchy of neutrino masses in the search for neutrinoless double beta decay of 100Mo. Pile-up of standard double beta decay of the candidate isotope is a relevant background. We generate pile-up heat events via injection of Joule heater pulses with a programmable waveform generator in a small array of LMO crystals operated underground in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. This allows to label pile-up pulses and control both time difference and underlying amplitudes of individual heat pulses in the data. We present the performance of supervised learning classifiers on data and the attained pile-up rejection efficiency.
Published: 2022

35. The European Physical Journal C

Author: Alfonso, K., Armatol, A., Augier, C., Avignone, F. T., Azzolini, O., Balata, M., Barabash, A. S., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bettelli, M., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Campani, A., Capelli, C., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Copello, S., Craft, E., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D’Addabbo, A., D’Imperio, G., Dabagov, S., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell’Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Dixon, T., Dompè, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Foggetta, L., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gallas, A., Gascon, J., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Gianvecchio, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Grant, C., Gras, P., Guillaumon, P. V., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Kowalski, R., Langford, T., Lefevre, M., Liu, R., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mas, Ph., Mauri, B., Mayer, D., Mazzitelli, G., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Morganti, S., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nikkel, J., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O’Donnell, T., Olivieri, E., Olmi, M., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Ponce, I., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Ressa, A., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Rosier, P., Scarpaci, J., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V. N., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Slocum, P., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tomei, C., Torres, J. A., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Wang, R., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Umatov, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A., Zucchelli, S., Alfonso, K, Armatol, A, Augier, C, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Balata, M, Barabash, AS, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bettelli, M, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Campani, A, Capelli, C, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Copello, S, Craft, E, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, Cruciani, A, D'Addabbo, A, D'Imperio, G, Dabagov, S, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, De Jesus, M, de Marcillac, P, Dell'Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Di Lorenzo, S, Dixon, T, Dompe, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Foggetta, L, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, BK, Gallas, A, Gascon, J, Ghislandi, S, Giachero, A, Gianvecchio, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Grant, C, Gras, P, Guillaumon, PV, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, YG, Konovalov, SI, Kowalski, R, Langford, T, Lefevre, M, Liu, R, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, Mancarella, F, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Martinez, M, Maruyama, RH, Mas, P, Mauri, B, Mayer, D, Mazzitelli, G, Mei, Y, Milana, S, Morganti, S, Napolitano, T, Nastasi, M, Nikkel, J, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Norman, EB, Novosad, V, Nutini, I, O'Donnell, T, Olivieri, E, Olmi, M, Ouellet, JL, Pagan, S, Pagliarone, C, Pagnanini, L, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Peng, H, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pira, C, Pirro, S, Poda, DV, Polischuk, OG, Ponce, I, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Quitadamo, S, Ressa, A, Rizzoli, R, Rosenfeld, C, Rosier, P, Scarpaci, J, Schmidt, B, Sharma, V, Shlegel, VN, Singh, V, Sisti, M, Slocum, P, Speller, D, Surukuchi, PT, Taffarello, L, Tomei, C, Torres, JA, Tretyak, VI, Tsymbaliuk, A, Velazquez, M, Vetter, KJ, Wagaarachchi, SL, Wang, G, Wang, L, Wang, R, Welliver, B, Wilson, J, Wilson, K, Winslow, LA, Xue, M, Yan, L, Yang, J, Yefremenko, V, Umatov, VI, Zarytskyy, MM, Zhang, J, Zolotarova, A, Zucchelli, S, Avignone, F, Barabash, A, Creswick, R, D’Addabbo, A, D’Imperio, G, Danevich, F, Dell’Oro, S, Dompè, V, Fujikawa, B, Guillaumon, P, Gutierrez, T, Hansen, E, Heeger, K, Helis, D, Huang, H, Kobychev, V, Kolomensky, Y, Konovalov, S, Maruyama, R, Norman, E, O’Donnell, T, Ouellet, J, Poda, D, Polischuk, O, Shlegel, V, Surukuchi, P, Torres, J, Tretyak, V, Vetter, K, Wagaarachchi, S, Winslow, L, Umatov, V, and Zarytskyy, M
Subjects: CUPID detector, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), CUPID, Neutrino physics, neutrinoless double beta decay, CUPID, Low-Temperature Detector, Majorana neutrinos, physics, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract: CUPID will be a next generation experiment searching for the neutrinoless double $$\beta $$ β decay, whose discovery would establish the Majorana nature of the neutrino. Based on the experience achieved with the CUORE experiment, presently taking data at LNGS, CUPID aims to reach a background free environment by means of scintillating Li$$_{2}$$ 2 $$^{100}$$ 100 MoO$$_4$$ 4 crystals coupled to light detectors. Indeed, the simultaneous heat and light detection allows us to reject the dominant background of $$\alpha $$ α particles, as proven by the CUPID-0 and CUPID-Mo demonstrators. In this work we present the results of the first test of the CUPID baseline module. In particular, we propose a new optimized detector structure and light sensors design to enhance the engineering and the light collection, respectively. We characterized the heat detectors, achieving an energy resolution of (5.9 ± 0.2) keV FWHM at the Q-value of $$^{100}$$ 100 Mo (about 3034 keV). We studied the light collection of the baseline CUPID design with respect to an alternative configuration which features gravity-assisted light detectors’ mounting. In both cases we obtained an improvement in the light collection with respect to past measures and we validated the particle identification capability of the detector, which ensures an $$\alpha $$ α particle rejection higher than 99.9%, fully satisfying the requirements for CUPID.
Published: 2022

36. Enhanced light signal for the suppression of pile-up events in Mo-based bolometers for the 0νββ decay search.

Author: Ahmine, A., Armatol, A., Bandac, I., Bergé, L., Calvo-Mozota, J. M., Carniti, P., Chapellier, M., Dixon, T., Dumoulin, L., Giuliani, A., Gras, Ph., Ferri, F., Imbert, L., Khalife, H., Loaiza, P., de Marcillac, P., Marnieros, S., Marrache-Kikuchi, C. A., Nones, C., and Olivieri, E.
Subjects: BOLOMETERS, COINCIDENCE, PHOTODETECTORS, SCINTILLATORS, SCINTILLATION counters, SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
Abstract: Random coincidences of events could be one of the main sources of background in the search for neutrino-less double-beta decay of 100 Mo with macro-bolometers, due to their modest time resolution. Scintillating bolometers as those based on Li 2 MoO 4 crystals and employed in the CROSS and CUPID experiments can eventually exploit the coincident fast signal detected in a light detector to reduce this background. However, the scintillation provides a modest signal-to-noise ratio, making difficult a pile-up pulse-shape recognition and rejection at timescales shorter than a few ms. Neganov–Trofimov–Luke assisted light detectors (NTL-LDs) offer the possibility to effectively increase the signal-to-noise ratio, preserving a fast time-response, and enhance the capability of pile-up rejection via pulse shape analysis. In this article we present: (a) an experimental work performed with a Li 2 MoO 4 scintillating bolometer, studied in the framework of the CROSS experiment, and utilizing a NTL-LD; (b) a simulation method to reproduce, synthetically, randomly coincident two-neutrino double-beta decay events; (c) a new analysis method based on a pulse-shape discrimination algorithm capable of providing high pile-up rejection efficiencies. We finally show how the NTL-LDs offer a balanced solution between performance and complexity to reach background index ∼ 10 - 4 counts/keV/kg/year with 280 g Li 2 MoO 4 ( 100 Mo enriched) bolometers at 3034 keV, the Q β β of the double-beta decay, and target the goal of a next generation experiment like CUPID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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37. Characterization of cubic Li 2100 MoO 4 crystals for the CUPID experiment

Author: Federico Ferri, Stefano Dell'Oro, J. Camilleri, V. Shlegel, N. Casali, R. Rizzoli, F. Bellini, A. Ressa, J. A. Scarpaci, C. Augier, Goran Karapetrov, G. Fantini, P. Gras, M. I. Martínez, F.A. Danevich, L. Pagnanini, P. T. Surukuchi, A. Drobizhev, S. H. Fu, C. Oriol, I. Dafinei, T. O'Donnell, E. Figueroa-Feliciano, P. Loaiza, Jie Yang, S. Copello, Haiping Peng, Oliviero Cremonesi, L. Wang, A. Franceschi, C. Pagliarone, Davide Chiesa, Paolo Carniti, A. Juillard, Andrea Barresi, V.I. Tretyak, E. V. Hansen, M. Xue, S. Zucchelli, C. Pira, O. G. Polischuk, X. F. Navick, R. J. Creswick, L. Marini, K. Wilson, I. Colantoni, D. Misiak, C. Rusconi, J. Billard, D. V. Poda, J. Johnston, Jonathan Ouellet, A. Charrier, A. Cruciani, S. L. Wagaarachchi, G. Bari, F. Collamati, V. Yumatov, J. Gascon, C. C. Chang, Stefano Nisi, Changbo Fu, G. Pessina, S. Pirro, L. Pattavina, S. Marnieros, Jie Zhang, G. Wang, G. D'Imperio, A. Cazes, Yuting Liu, E. Celi, Massimiliano Clemenza, A. Tsymbaliuk, Monica Sisti, Valentyn Novosad, I. Nutini, S. Milana, R. Nipoti, C. Nones, A. Puiu, M. Chapellier, H. Z. Huang, V. G. Yefremenko, R. Mariam, B. Schmidt, G. Keppel, Yu. G. Kolomensky, Luigi Cappelli, D. Mayer, O. Tellier, L. Ma, Y. Mei, R. G. Huang, F. Mancarella, M. Faverzani, L. Dumoulin, M. Madhukuttan, H. Khalife, M. Gros, Kai Vetter, S. Di Domizio, D. Baudin, P. Pari, A. Armatol, Giovanni Benato, M. Beretta, Tomas Polakovic, L. Taffarello, Virendra Singh, Danielle Speller, Laura Cardani, K. M. Heeger, B. K. Fujikawa, E. Olivieri, Eric B. Norman, L. Yan, T. Napolitano, S. Pagan, M. Biassoni, B. Mauri, V. Pettinacci, M. de Combarieu, O. Azzolini, M. M. Zarytskyy, A. Giachero, Claudio Gotti, S. I. Konovalov, L. Gironi, Lindley Winslow, M. Pavan, James Nikkel, F. T. Avignone, Whitney Armstrong, V. Sanglard, L. Imbert, C. Bucci, T. D. Gutierrez, C. Brofferio, A. S. Barabash, Ezio Previtali, B. Welliver, P. de Marcillac, D. L. Helis, A. S. Zolotarova, Ke Han, Reina H. Maruyama, B. Paul, A. Giuliani, Silvia Capelli, Massimiliano Nastasi, James R. Wilson, M. De Jesus, E. Armengaud, V. Sharma, Matias Velázquez, V. V. Kobychev, L. Bergé, A. Branca, C. Rosenfeld, V. Boldrini, P. Gorla, F. Ferroni, C. Tomei, Emanuele Ferri, Joseph A. Formaggio, S. Pozzi, V. Dompè, A. D'Addabbo, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), CUPID, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Armatol A., Armengaud E., Armstrong W., Augier C., Avignone F.T., Azzolini O., Barabash A., Bari G., Barresi A., Baudin D., Bellini F., Benato G., Beretta M., Berge L., Biassoni M., Billard J., Boldrini V., Branca A., Brofferio C., Bucci C., Camilleri J., Capelli S., Cappelli L., Cardani L., Carniti P., Casali N., Cazes A., Celi E., Chang C., Chapellier M., Charrier A., Chiesa D., Clemenza M., Colantoni I., Collamati F., Copello S., Cremonesi O., J.Creswick R., Cruciani A., D'Addabbo A., D'Imperio G., Dafinei I., A.Danevich F., deCombarieu M., DeJesus M., deMarcillac P., Dell'Oro S., DiDomizio S., Dompe V., Drobizhev A., Dumoulin L., Fantini G., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Ferri F., Ferroni F., Figueroa-Feliciano E., Formaggio J., Franceschi A., Fu C., Fu S., Fujikawa B.K., Gascon J., Giachero A., Gironi L., Giuliani A., Gorla P., Gotti C., Gras P., Gros M., Gutierrez T.D., Han K., Hansen E.V., Heeger K.M., Helis D.L., Huang H.Z., Huang R.G., Imbert L., Johnston J., Juillard A., Karapetrov G., Keppel G., Khalife H., Kobychev V.V., Kolomensky Y.G., Konovalov S., Liu Y., Loaiza P., Ma L., Madhukuttan M., Mancarella F., Mariam R., Marini L., Marnieros S., Martinez M., Maruyama R.H., Mauri B., Mayer D., Mei Y., Milana S., Misiak D., Napolitano T., Nastasi M., Navick X.F., Nikkel J., Nipoti R., Nisi S., Nones C., Norman E.B., Novosad V., Nutini I., O'Donnell T., Olivieri E., Oriol C., Ouellet J.L., Pagan S., Pagliarone C., Pagnanini L., Pari P., Pattavina L., Paul B., Pavan M., Peng H., Pessina G., Pettinacci V., Pira C., Pirro S., V.Poda D., Polakovic T., Polischuk O.G., Pozzi S., Previtali E., Puiu A., Ressa A., Rizzoli R., Rosenfeld C., Rusconi C., Sanglard V., Scarpaci J.A., Schmidt B., Sharma V., Shlegel V., Singh V., Sisti M., Speller D., Surukuchi P.T., Taffarello L., Tellier O., Tomei C., Tretyak V.I., Tsymbaliuk A., Velazquez M., Vetter K.J., Wagaarachchi S.L., Wang G., Wang L., Welliver B., Wilson J., Wilson K., Winslow L.A., Xue M., Yan L., Yang J., Yefremenko V., Yumatov V., Zarytskyy M.M., Zhang J., Zolotarova A., Zucchelli S., Armatol, A, Armengaud, E, Armstrong, W, Augier, C, Avignone, F, Azzolini, O, Barabash, A, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Berge, L, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chapellier, M, Charrier, A, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Collamati, F, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, J. Creswick, R, Cruciani, A, D'Addabbo, A, D'Imperio, G, Dafinei, I, A. Danevich, F, Decombarieu, M, Dejesus, M, Demarcillac, P, Dell'Oro, S, Didomizio, S, Dompe, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, B, Gascon, J, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gras, P, Gros, M, Gutierrez, T, Han, K, Hansen, E, Heeger, K, Helis, D, Huang, H, Huang, R, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, V, Kolomensky, Y, Konovalov, S, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, Mancarella, F, Mariam, R, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Martinez, M, Maruyama, R, Mauri, B, Mayer, D, Mei, Y, Milana, S, Misiak, D, Napolitano, T, Nastasi, M, Navick, X, Nikkel, J, Nipoti, R, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Norman, E, Novosad, V, Nutini, I, O'Donnell, T, Olivieri, E, Oriol, C, Ouellet, J, Pagan, S, Pagliarone, C, Pagnanini, L, Pari, P, Pattavina, L, Paul, B, Pavan, M, Peng, H, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pira, C, Pirro, S, V. Poda, D, Polakovic, T, Polischuk, O, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Ressa, A, Rizzoli, R, Rosenfeld, C, Rusconi, C, Sanglard, V, Scarpaci, J, Schmidt, B, Sharma, V, Shlegel, V, Singh, V, Sisti, M, Speller, D, Surukuchi, P, Taffarello, L, Tellier, O, Tomei, C, Tretyak, V, Tsymbaliuk, A, Velazquez, M, Vetter, K, Wagaarachchi, S, Wang, G, Wang, L, Welliver, B, Wilson, J, Wilson, K, Winslow, L, Xue, M, Yan, L, Yang, J, Yefremenko, V, Yumatov, V, Zarytskyy, M, Zhang, J, Zolotarova, A, and Zucchelli, S
Subjects: Mo-100, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), background: induced, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Monte Carlo method, measurement methods, bolometers, neutrinoless double beta decay, energy resolution, Parameter space, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Double Beta Decay, Nuclear Experiment, background: suppression, Physics, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, gas and liquid scintillators), molybdenum: oxygen, Double-beta decay detector, Low Temperature Detector, lithium, Scintillation counter, Neutrino, photon: yield, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, bolometers, FOS: Physical sciences, Cryogenic detector, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], neutrinoless double beta decay, Particle identification method, double-beta decay: (0neutrino), Double beta decay, CUPID, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), scintillation counter, Scintillation, molybdenum: nuclide, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, bibliography, crystal: geometry, Computational physics, efficiency, FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: The CUPID Collaboration is designing a tonne-scale, background-free detector to search for double beta decay with sufficient sensitivity to fully explore the parameter space corresponding to the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy scenario. One of the CUPID demonstrators, CUPID-Mo, has proved the potential of enriched Li$$_{2}$$ 2 $$^{100}$$ 100 MoO$$_4$$ 4 crystals as suitable detectors for neutrinoless double beta decay search. In this work, we characterised cubic crystals that, compared to the cylindrical crystals used by CUPID-Mo, are more appealing for the construction of tightly packed arrays. We measured an average energy resolution of ($$6.7\pm 0.6$$ 6.7 ± 0.6 ) keV FWHM in the region of interest, approaching the CUPID target of 5 keV FWHM. We assessed the identification of $$\alpha $$ α particles with and without a reflecting foil that enhances the scintillation light collection efficiency, proving that the baseline design of CUPID already ensures a complete suppression of this $$\alpha $$ α -induced background contribution. We also used the collected data to validate a Monte Carlo simulation modelling the light collection efficiency, which will enable further optimisations of the detector.
Published: 2021

38. Novel technique for the study of pileup events in cryogenic bolometers

Author: Valentyn Novosad, Andrea Giachero, R. Nipoti, Jie Zhang, H. Z. Huang, V. G. Yefremenko, G. Keppel, D. Mayer, C. Nones, A. Puiu, S. Nisi, A. Armatol, K. Wilson, I. Colantoni, A. Barresi, P. Loaiza, C. Oriol, G. Pessina, V. Sanglard, L. Imbert, M. Faverzani, M. Beretta, S. Copello, C. Pagliarone, F.A. Danevich, A. Branca, Jonathan Ouellet, T. O'Donnell, Paolo Carniti, Massimiliano Clemenza, G. Bari, S. Di Domizio, Kai Vetter, C. Rosenfeld, D. L. Helis, Monica Sisti, Federico Ferri, H. Khalife, V. Boldrini, P. Gorla, P. Pari, F. Ferroni, Tomas Polakovic, B. Schmidt, Stefano Dell'Oro, A. Charrier, J. Billard, C. Tomei, S. H. Fu, N. Casali, Laura Cardani, G. Wang, Jie Yang, B. K. Fujikawa, R. J. Creswick, Davide Chiesa, P. Gras, M. Chapellier, C. Pira, Joseph A. Formaggio, L. Pagnanini, P. T. Surukuchi, C. Brofferio, L. Wang, Massimiliano Nastasi, Stefano Pozzi, E. Figueroa-Feliciano, Haiping Peng, V. Shlegel, V. Sharma, E. V. Hansen, A. S. Barabash, B. Paul, M. Gros, Evelyn Ferri, Oliviero Cremonesi, S. Zucchelli, James Nikkel, Ezio Previtali, J. Gascon, R. Mariam, C. C. Chang, L. Ma, Yu. G. Kolomensky, Luigi Cappelli, L. Taffarello, B. Welliver, A. Giuliani, M. Madhukuttan, Matias Velázquez, C. Augier, S. Marnieros, V. Yumatov, Goran Karapetrov, G. Fantini, A. Cazes, Danielle Speller, James R. Wilson, A. Cruciani, X. F. Navick, S. Pirro, V. V. Kobychev, J. Camilleri, A. Franceschi, Changbo Fu, C. Rusconi, J. A. Scarpaci, A. Juillard, L. Bergé, R. Rizzoli, M. M. Zarytskyy, V. Dompè, G. D'Imperio, Irene Nutini, A. D'Addabbo, P. de Marcillac, M. De Jesus, O. G. Polischuk, F. Bellini, A. Ressa, D. Baudin, M. Xue, M. Pavan, Lindley Winslow, A. Drobizhev, I. Dafinei, S. L. Wagaarachchi, F. Collamati, V. Pettinacci, Simone Capelli, E. Olivieri, S. I. Konovalov, Eric B. Norman, L. Pattavina, M. I. Martínez, T. Napolitano, L. Marini, V.I. Tretyak, D. Misiak, D. V. Poda, J. Johnston, M. Biassoni, E. Armengaud, Vasundhara Singh, S. Milana, O. Azzolini, L. Gironi, F. T. Avignone, Whitney Armstrong, Y. Liu, C. Bucci, T. D. Gutierrez, R. G. Huang, F. Mancarella, L. Yan, S. Pagan, B. Mauri, M. de Combarieu, E. Celi, C. Gotti, A. S. Zolotarova, Ke Han, Reina H. Maruyama, A. Tsymbaliuk, Y. Mei, K. M. Heeger, O. Tellier, L. Dumoulin, Giovanni Benato, Armatol A., Armengaud E., Armstrong W., Augier C., Avignone F.T., Azzolini O., Barabash A., Bari G., Barresi A., Baudin D., Bellini F., Benato G., Beretta M., Berge L., Biassoni M., Billard J., Boldrini V., Branca A., Brofferio C., Bucci C., Camilleri J., Capelli S., Cappelli L., Cardani L., Carniti P., Casali N., Cazes A., Celi E., Chang C., Chapellier M., Charrier A., Chiesa D., Clemenza M., Colantoni I., Collamati F., Copello S., Cremonesi O., Creswick R.J., Cruciani A., D'Addabbo A., D'Imperio G., Dafinei I., Danevich F.A., De Combarieu M., De Jesus M., De Marcillac P., Dell'Oro S., Di Domizio S., Dompe V., Drobizhev A., Dumoulin L., Fantini G., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Ferri F., Ferroni F., Figueroa-Feliciano E., Formaggio J., Franceschi A., Fu C., Fu S., Fujikawa B.K., Gascon J., Giachero A., Gironi L., Giuliani A., Gorla P., Gotti C., Gras P., Gros M., Gutierrez T.D., Han K., Hansen E.V., Heeger K.M., Helis D.L., Huang H.Z., Huang R.G., Imbert L., Johnston J., Juillard A., Karapetrov G., Keppel G., Khalife H., Kobychev V.V., Kolomensky Y.G., Konovalov S., Liu Y., Loaiza P., Ma L., Madhukuttan M., Mancarella F., Mariam R., Marini L., Marnieros S., Martinez M., Maruyama R.H., Mauri B., Mayer D., Mei Y., Milana S., Misiak D., Napolitano T., Nastasi M., Navick X.F., Nikkel J., Nipoti R., Nisi S., Nones C., Norman E.B., Novosad V., Nutini I., O'Donnell T., Olivieri E., Oriol C., Ouellet J.L., Pagan S., Pagliarone C., Pagnanini L., Pari P., Pattavina L., Paul B., Pavan M., Peng H., Pessina G., Pettinacci V., Pira C., Pirro S., Poda D.V., Polakovic T., Polischuk O.G., Pozzi S., Previtali E., Puiu A., Ressa A., Rizzoli R., Rosenfeld C., Rusconi C., Sanglard V., Scarpaci J., Schmidt B., Sharma V., Shlegel V., Singh V., Sisti M., Speller D., Surukuchi P.T., Taffarello L., Tellier O., Tomei C., Tretyak V.I., Tsymbaliuk A., Velazquez M., Vetter K.J., Wagaarachchi S.L., Wang G., Wang L., Welliver B., Wilson J., Wilson K., Winslow L.A., Xue M., Yan L., Yang J., Yefremenko V., Yumatov V., Zarytskyy M.M., Zhang J., Zolotarova A., Zucchelli S., Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), CUPID, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Armatol, A, Armengaud, E, Armstrong, W, Augier, C, Avignone, F, Azzolini, O, Barabash, A, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Berge, L, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chapellier, M, Charrier, A, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Collamati, F, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, R, Cruciani, A, D'Addabbo, A, D'Imperio, G, Dafinei, I, Danevich, F, De Combarieu, M, De Jesus, M, De Marcillac, P, Dell'Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Dompe, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, B, Gascon, J, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gras, P, Gros, M, Gutierrez, T, Han, K, Hansen, E, Heeger, K, Helis, D, Huang, H, Huang, R, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, V, Kolomensky, Y, Konovalov, S, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, Mancarella, F, Mariam, R, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Martinez, M, Maruyama, R, Mauri, B, Mayer, D, Mei, Y, Milana, S, Misiak, D, Napolitano, T, Nastasi, M, Navick, X, Nikkel, J, Nipoti, R, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Norman, E, Novosad, V, Nutini, I, O'Donnell, T, Olivieri, E, Oriol, C, Ouellet, J, Pagan, S, Pagliarone, C, Pagnanini, L, Pari, P, Pattavina, L, Paul, B, Pavan, M, Peng, H, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pira, C, Pirro, S, Poda, D, Polakovic, T, Polischuk, O, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Ressa, A, Rizzoli, R, Rosenfeld, C, Rusconi, C, Sanglard, V, Scarpaci, J, Schmidt, B, Sharma, V, Shlegel, V, Singh, V, Sisti, M, Speller, D, Surukuchi, P, Taffarello, L, Tellier, O, Tomei, C, Tretyak, V, Tsymbaliuk, A, Velazquez, M, Vetter, K, Wagaarachchi, S, Wang, G, Wang, L, Welliver, B, Wilson, J, Wilson, K, Winslow, L, Xue, M, Yan, L, Yang, J, Yefremenko, V, Yumatov, V, Zarytskyy, M, Zhang, J, Zolotarova, A, and Zucchelli, S
Subjects: data analysis method, double beta decay, nuclear tests of fundamental interactions, Particle decays, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, double beta decay, FOS: Physical sciences, Cryogenics, MESH: numerical calculation, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, benchmark, bolometer, double-beta decay: (0neutrino), law, Double beta decay, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic engineering, MESH: benchmark, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], numerical calculations, 010306 general physics, time resolution, nuclear tests of fundamental interactions, Physics, Signal generator, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Bolometer, Detector, Time resolution, MESH: data analysis method, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), MESH: bolometer, Gran Sasso, Neutrinoless Double Beta decay, Neutrino Physics, MESH: cryogenics, efficiency, cryogenics, pile-up, Rise time, MESH: Gran Sasso, Benchmark (computing), MESH: double-beta decay: (0neutrino), Neutrinoless double-beta decay, MESH: efficiency, Particle decays, MESH: time resolution, MESH: pile-up
Abstract: International audience; Precise characterization of detector time resolution is of crucial importance for next-generation cryogenic-bolometer experiments searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay, such as CUPID, in order to reject background due to pile-up of two-neutrino double-beta decay events. In this paper, we describe a technique developed to study the pile-up rejection capability of cryogenic bolometers. Our approach, which consists of producing controlled pile-up events with a programmable waveform generator, has the benefit that we can reliably and reproducibly control the time separation and relative energy of the individual components of the generated pile-up events. The resulting data allow us to optimize and benchmark analysis strategies to discriminate between individual and pile-up pulses. We describe a test of this technique performed with a small array of detectors at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, in Italy; we obtain a 90% rejection efficiency against pulser-generated pile-up events with rise time of ~15 ms down to time separation between the individual events of 2 ms.
Published: 2021

39. A CUPID Li$_2$ $^{100} $MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometer tested in the CROSS underground facility

Author: A. S. Barabash, V. Yumatov, G. D'Imperio, M. De Deo, Ezio Previtali, J. M. Calvo-Mozota, Evelyn Ferri, B. Welliver, L. Gironi, L. Marini, E. Guerard, D. Misiak, D. V. Poda, J. Johnston, V. Dompè, F. T. Avignone, Whitney Armstrong, A. Charrier, O. Tellier, I. Colantoni, A. D'Addabbo, S. Di Domizio, P. Pari, Tomas Polakovic, Massimiliano Clemenza, V. Shlegel, R. Mariam, Yu. G. Kolomensky, Luigi Cappelli, Monica Sisti, M. Pavan, S. Zucchelli, Laura Cardani, P. de Marcillac, C. Augier, Goran Karapetrov, X.-F. Navick, B. K. Fujikawa, Stefano Pozzi, L. Pagnanini, P. T. Surukuchi, O. Azzolini, G. Fantini, Federico Ferri, B. Schmidt, C. Oriol, C. Pagliarone, E. Celi, T. O'Donnell, S. H. Fu, S. Dell'Oro, Giovanni Benato, M. Xue, Yuting Liu, Ch. Bourgeois, C. C. Chang, Stefano Nisi, James R. Wilson, S. Milana, G. Olivier, A. Cruciani, A. Franceschi, Changbo Fu, I. Dafinei, M. Chapellier, C. Gotti, S. Copello, C. Brofferio, S. Pirro, Jie Yang, V. Sharma, D. L. Helis, A. Barresi, J. Camilleri, R. Rizzoli, L. Ma, L. Dumoulin, Davide Chiesa, A. S. Zolotarova, Paolo Carniti, V. Pettinacci, A. Juillard, A. Candela, M. Gros, M. Madhukuttan, I. C. Bandac, M. De Jesus, E. V. Hansen, O. G. Polischuk, A. Drobizhev, Ke Han, F. Bellini, A. Ressa, Reina H. Maruyama, V.I. Tretyak, F.A. Danevich, J. A. Scarpaci, C. Bucci, T. D. Gutierrez, M. Faverzani, Matias Velázquez, P. Loaiza, Kai Vetter, Massimiliano Nastasi, S. I. Konovalov, L. Taffarello, D. Reynet, V. V. Kobychev, L. Bergé, J. Gascon, V. Sanglard, L. Yan, L. Imbert, Virendra Singh, M. M. Zarytskyy, Valentyn Novosad, C. Rosenfeld, Danielle Speller, Andrea Giachero, N. Casali, A. Branca, L. Pattavina, A. Ianni, E. Olivieri, R. J. Creswick, Eric B. Norman, V. Boldrini, P. Gras, K. Wilson, S. Pagan, J. Billard, S. Marnieros, Li Wang, T. Napolitano, R. Nipoti, A. Cazes, P. Gorla, F. Ferroni, E. Figueroa-Feliciano, C. Tomei, C. Pira, Haiping Peng, Oliviero Cremonesi, M. Biassoni, D. Mayer, Jonathan Ouellet, G. Bari, Lindley Winslow, M. de Combarieu, Joseph A. Formaggio, A. Tsymbaliuk, Y. Mei, A. Armatol, K. M. Heeger, R. G. Huang, F. Mancarella, B. Paul, M. I. Martínez, G. Pessina, Jie Zhang, C. Nones, A. Puiu, A. Giuliani, B. Mauri, James Nikkel, Irene Nutini, G. Wang, H. Z. Huang, V. G. Yefremenko, G. Keppel, H. Khalife, E. Armengaud, D. Baudin, M. Beretta, S. L. Wagaarachchi, F. Collamati, Simone Capelli, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), CUPID, CROSS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Armatol A., Armengaud E., Armstrong W., Augier C., Iii F.T.A., Azzolini O., Bandac I.C., Barabash A.S., Bari G., Barresi A., Baudin D., Bellini F., Benato G., Beretta M., Berge L., Bourgeois C., Biassoni M., Billard J., Boldrini V., Branca A., Brofferio C., Bucci C., Calvo-Mozota J.M., Camilleri J., Candela A., Capelli S., Cappelli L., Cardani L., Carniti P., Casali N., Cazes A., Celi E., Chang C., Chapellier M., Charrier A., Chiesa D., Clemenza M., Colantoni I., Collamati F., Copello S., Cremonesi O., Creswick R.J., Cruciani A., D'Addabbo A., D'Imperio G., Dafinei I., Danevich F.A., De Combarieu M., Deo M.D., Jesus M.D., De Marcillac P., Dell'Oro S., Domizio S.D., Dompe V., Drobizhev A., Dumoulin L., Fantini G., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Ferri F., Ferroni F., Figueroa-Feliciano E., Formaggio J., Franceschi A., Fu C., Fu S., Fujikawa B.K., Gascon J., Giachero A., Gironi L., Giuliani A., Gorla P., Gotti C., Gras P., Gros M., Guerard E., Gutierrez T.D., Han K., Hansen E.V., Heeger K.M., Helis D.L., Huang H.Z., Huang R.G., Ianni A., Imbert L., Johnston J., Juillard A., Karapetrov G., Keppel G., Khalife H., Kobychev V.V., Kolomensky Y.G., Konovalov S.I., Liu Y., Loaiza P., Ma L., Madhukuttan M., Mancarella F., Mariam R., Marini L., Marnieros S., Martinez M., Maruyama R.H., Mauri B., Mayer D., Mei Y., Milana S., Misiak D., Napolitano T., Nastasi M., Navick X.-F., Nikkel J., Nipoti R., Nisi S., Nones C., Norman E.B., Novosad V., Nutini I., O'Donnell T., Olivier G., Olivieri E., Oriol C., Ouellet J.L., Pagan S., Pagliarone C., Pagnanini L., Pari P., Pattavina L., Paul B., Pavan M., Peng H., Pessina G., Pettinacci V., Pira C., Pirro S., Poda D.V., Polakovic T., Polischuk O.G., Pozzi S., Previtali E., Puiu A., Ressa A., Reynet D., Rizzoli R., Rosenfeld C., Sanglard V., Scarpaci J.A., Schmidt B., Sharma V., Shlegel V.N., Singh V., Sisti M., Speller D., Surukuchi P.T., Taffarello L., Tellier O., Tomei C., Tretyak V.I., Tsymbaliuk A., Velazquez M., Vetter K.J., Wagaarachchi S.L., Wang G., Wang L., Welliver B., Wilson J., Wilson K., Winslow L.A., Xue M., Yan L., Yang J., Yefremenko V., Yumatov V.I., Zarytskyy M.M., Zhang J., Zolotarova A.S., Zucchelli S., Armatol, A, Armengaud, E, Armstrong, W, Augier, C, Avignone F. T., I, Azzolini, O, Bandac, I, Barabash, A, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Berge, L, Bourgeois, C, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Calvo-Mozota, J, Camilleri, J, Candela, A, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chapellier, M, Charrier, A, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Collamati, F, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, R, Cruciani, A, D'Addabbo, A, D'Imperio, G, Dafinei, I, Danevich, F, De Combarieu, M, Deo, M, Jesus, M, De Marcillac, P, Dell'Oro, S, Domizio, S, Dompe, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, B, Gascon, J, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gras, P, Gros, M, Guerard, E, Gutierrez, T, Han, K, Hansen, E, Heeger, K, Helis, D, Huang, H, Huang, R, Ianni, A, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, V, Kolomensky, Y, Konovalov, S, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, Mancarella, F, Mariam, R, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Martinez, M, Maruyama, R, Mauri, B, Mayer, D, Mei, Y, Milana, S, Misiak, D, Napolitano, T, Nastasi, M, Navick, X, Nikkel, J, Nipoti, R, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Norman, E, Novosad, V, Nutini, I, O'Donnell, T, Olivier, G, Olivieri, E, Oriol, C, Ouellet, J, Pagan, S, Pagliarone, C, Pagnanini, L, Pari, P, Pattavina, L, Paul, B, Pavan, M, Peng, H, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pira, C, Pirro, S, Poda, D, Polakovic, T, Polischuk, O, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Ressa, A, Reynet, D, Rizzoli, R, Rosenfeld, C, Sanglard, V, Scarpaci, J, Schmidt, B, Sharma, V, Shlegel, V, Singh, V, Sisti, M, Speller, D, Surukuchi, P, Taffarello, L, Tellier, O, Tomei, C, Tretyak, V, Tsymbaliuk, A, Velazquez, M, Vetter, K, Wagaarachchi, S, Wang, G, Wang, L, Welliver, B, Wilson, J, Wilson, K, Winslow, L, Xue, M, Yan, L, Yang, J, Yefremenko, V, Yumatov, V, Zarytskyy, M, Zhang, J, Zolotarova, A, and Zucchelli, S
Subjects: gas and liquid scintillators), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Accurate estimation, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Bolometer, Analytical chemistry, Double-beta decay, FOS: Physical sciences, Cryogenic detector, Radiopurity, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, Particle identification, Particle identification methods, 03 medical and health sciences, Particle identification method, 0302 clinical medicine, CUORE, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detector array, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Event triggered, Physics, Lithium molybdate, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, gas and liquid scintillators), Double-beta decay detectors, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, Double-beta decay detector, Cryogenic detectors, Scintillators, Crystal scintillator, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: A scintillating bolometer based on a large cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystal (45 mm side) and a Ge wafer (scintillation detector) has been operated in the CROSS cryogenic facility at the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain. The dual-readout detector is a prototype of the technology that will be used in the next-generation $0\nu2\beta$ experiment CUPID. The measurements were performed at 18 and 12 mK temperature in a pulse tube dilution refrigerator. This setup utilizes the same technology as the CUORE cryostat that will host CUPID and so represents an accurate estimation of the expected performance. The Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ bolometer shows a high energy resolution of 6 keV FWHM at the 2615 keV $\gamma$ line. The detection of scintillation light for each event triggered by the Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ bolometer allowed for a full separation ($\sim$8$\sigma$) between $\gamma$($\beta$) and $\alpha$ events above 2 MeV. The Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystal also shows a high internal radiopurity with $^{228}$Th and $^{226}$Ra activities of less than 3 and 8 $\mu$Bq/kg, respectively. Taking also into account the advantage of a more compact and massive detector array, which can be made of cubic-shaped crystals (compared to the cylindrical ones), this test demonstrates the great potential of cubic Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometers for high-sensitivity searches for the $^{100}$Mo $0\nu2\beta$ decay in CROSS and CUPID projects., Comment: 19 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Published: 2021

40. Machine Learning Techniques for Pile-Up Rejection in Cryogenic Calorimeters

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Fantini, G., Armatol, A., Armengaud, E., Armstrong, W., Augier, C., Avignone, F. T., Azzolini, O., Barabash, A., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Fantini, G., Armatol, A., Armengaud, E., Armstrong, W., Augier, C., Avignone, F. T., Azzolini, O., Barabash, A., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., and Benato, G.
Abstract: CUORE Upgrade with Particle IDentification (CUPID) is a foreseen ton-scale array of Li2MoO4 (LMO) cryogenic calorimeters with double readout of heat and light signals. Its scientific goal is to fully explore the inverted hierarchy of neutrino masses in the search for neutrinoless double beta decay of 100Mo. Pile-up of standard double beta decay of the candidate isotope is a relevant background. We generate pile-up heat events via injection of Joule heater pulses with a programmable waveform generator in a small array of LMO crystals operated underground in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. This allows to label pile-up pulses and control both time difference and underlying amplitudes of individual heat pulses in the data. We present the performance of supervised learning classifiers on data and the attained pile-up rejection efficiency.
Published: 2022

41. Optimization of a single module of CUPID

Author: Alberto Ressa, A. Armatol, E. Armengaud, W. Armstrong, C. Augier, F. T. Avignone, O. Azzolini, A. Barabash, G. Bari, A. Barresi, D. Baudin, F. Bellini, G. Benato, M. Beretta, L. Bergé, M. Biassoni, J. Billard, V. Boldrini, A. Branca, C. Brofferio, C. Bucci, J. Camilleri, S. Capelli, L. Cappelli, L. Cardani, P. Carniti, N. Casali, A. Cazes, E. Celi, A. Chang, M. Chapellier, A. Charrier, D. Chiesa, M. Clemenza, I. Colantoni, F. Collamati, S. Copello, O. Cremonesi, R. J. Creswick, A. Cruciani, A. D’ Addabbo, G. D’ Imperio, I. Dafinei, F. A. Danevich, M. de Combarieu, M. De Jesus, P. de Marcillac, S. Dell’Oro, S. Di Domizio, V. Dompè, A. Drobizhev, L. Dumoulin, G. Fantini, M. Faverzani, E. Ferri, F. Ferri, F. Ferroni, E. Figueroa-Feliciano, J. Formaggio, A. Franceschi, C. Fu, S. Fu, B. K. Fujikawa, J. Gascon, A. Giachero, L. Gironi, A. Giuliani, P. Gorla, C. Gotti, P. Gras, M. Gros, T. D. Gutierrez, K. Han, E. V. Hansen, K. M. Heeger, B. L. Helis, H.Z. Huang, R. G. Huang, L. Imbert, J. Johnston, A. Juillard, G. Karapetrov, G. Keppel, H. Khalife, V. V. Kobychev, Yu. G. Kolomensky, S. Konovalov, Y. Liu, P. Loaiza, L. Ma, M. Madhukuttan, F. Mancarella, R. Mariam, L. Marini, S. Marnieros, M. Martinez, R. H. Maruyama, B. Mauri, D. Mayer, Y. Mei, S. Milana, D. Misiak, T. Napolitano, M. Nastasi, X. F. Navick, J. Nikkel, R. Nipoti, S. Nisi, C. Nones, C. B. Norman, V. Novosad, I. Nutini, T. O’Donnell, E. Olivieri, C. Oriol, J. L. Ouellet, S. Pagan, C. Pagliarone, L. Pagnanini, P. Pari, L. Pattavina, B. Paul, M. Pavan, H. Peng, G. Pessina, V. Pettinacci, C. Pira, S. Pirro, D. V. Poda, T. Polakovic, O. G. Polischuk, S. Pozzi, E. Previtali, A. Puiu, A. Ressa, R. Rizzoli, C. Rosenfeld, C. Rusconi, V. Sanglard, J. Scarpaci, B. Schmidt, V. Sharma, V. Shlegel, V. Singh, M. Sisti, D. Speller, P. T. Surukuchi, L. Taffarello, O. Tellier, C. Tomei, V. I. Tretyak, A. Tsymbaliuk, M. Velazquez, K. J. Vetter, S. L. Wagaarachchi, G. Wang, L. Wang, B. Welliver, J. Wilson, K. Wilson, L. A. Winslow, M. Xue, L. Yan, J. Yang, V. Yefremenko, V. Yumatov, M. M. Zarytskyy, J. Zhang, A. Zolotarova, S. Zucchelli, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and CUPID
Subjects: photon yield, History, tector design, helium background, energy resolution, lithium, molybdenum nuclide, molybdenum oxygen, scintillation counter, crystal bolometer, CUORE performance, photon yield, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, energy resolution, helium background, molybdenum oxygen, CUORE performance, Computer Science Applications, Education, Gran Sasso, double-beta decay: (0neutrino), lithium, crystal bolometer, molybdenum nuclide, calorimeter: cryogenics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], activity report, scintillation counter, detector: design, performance, tector design
Abstract: CUPID is the next generation experiment which will use scintillating cryogenic calorimeters to search for the neutrinoless double β decay. This unobserved process would shed light on the nature of the neutrino, which up to our knowledge could be a Majorana or a Dirac particle, and would give us an important hint to explain the lack of antimatter in the universe. This ambitious search needs a detector with unique characteristics such as an extremely low background level and an excellent energy resolution. CUPID is now in advanced R&D state to optimize the detector design in order to completely exploit the potentialities of scintillating cryogenic calorimeters. In the following I will describe the test performed at the LNGS (Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso) of a single module of the future CUPID detector. In this contribution we present the performance obtained with a novel assembly concept, proving that it matches the requirements for CUPID.
Published: 2021

42. BINGO: Bi-Isotope 0${\nu}$2${\beta}$ Next Generation Observatory

Author: Armatol, A., Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and BINGO
Subjects: nucleus: decay, molybdenum: nuclide, particle: Majorana, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], radioactivity: low, neutrinoless double beta decay, scintillation counter: cryogenics, low radioactivity, double-beta decay: (0neutrino), cryogenics, tellurium: nuclide, lepton number: violation, bolometers, detector: design
Abstract: International audience; The search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu 2\beta$), a hypothetical nuclear decay, is one of the major challenges of contemporary physic since its discovery would prove the non conservation of the lepton number and would give an answer to the question of neutrino nature (Dirac or Majorana particles). Starting from the scintillating bolometer technique (a scintillating cryogenic absorber embedding a $0\nu 2\beta$ candidate coupled with a cryogenic light detector for dual heat-light readout), BINGO will search for this decay using the knowledge acquired so far by bolometric experiments with the addition of new methods and technologies to reduce drastically the background in the region of interest. BINGO will study two isotopes which have already shown their good suitability for this detection method: ${}^{100}$Mo and ${}^{130}$Te. The proposed solutions will have a high impact on next-generation bolometric tonne-scale experiments, like CUPID, to push further the sensitivity to the half-life of the process. In this contribution, we present the main axes of the project.
Published: 2021

43. Characterization of cubic Li $$_{2}$$ <math> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </math> $$^{100}$$ <math> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mn>100</mn> </msup> </math> MoO $$_4$$ <math> <msub> <mrow></mrow> <mn>4</mn> </msub> </math> crystals for the CUPID experiment

Author: Armatol, A., Armengaud, E., Armstrong, W., Augier, C., Avignone, F., Azzolini, O., Barabash, A., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bergé, L., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Cazes, A., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chapellier, M., Charrier, A., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Collamati, F., Copello, S., Cremonesi, O., J. Creswick, R., Cruciani, A., D’Addabbo, A., D’Imperio, G., Dafinei, I., A. Danevich, F., de Combarieu, M., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell’Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Dompè, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B., Gascon, J., Giachero, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Gras, P., Gros, M., Gutierrez, T., Han, K., Hansen, E., Heeger, K., Helis, D., Huang, H., Huang, R., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V., Kolomensky, Yu., Konovalov, S., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Mariam, R., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R., Mauri, B., Mayer, D., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Misiak, D., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Navick, X., Nikkel, J., Nipoti, R., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O’Donnell, T., Olivieri, E., Oriol, C., Ouellet, J., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pari, P., Pattavina, L., Paul, B., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., V. Poda, D., Polakovic, T., Polischuk, O., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Ressa, A., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Rusconi, C., Sanglard, V., Scarpaci, J., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P., Taffarello, L., Tellier, O., Tomei, C., Tretyak, V., Tsymbaliuk, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K., Wagaarachchi, S., Wang, G., Wang, L., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Yumatov, V., Zarytskyy, M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A., and Zucchelli, S.
Abstract: The CUPID Collaboration is designing a tonne-scale, background-free detector to search for double beta decay with sufficient sensitivity to fully explore the parameter space corresponding to the inverted neutrino mass hierarchy scenario. One of the CUPID demonstrators, CUPID-Mo, has proved the potential of enriched Li $$_{2}$$ 2 $$^{100}$$ 100 MoO $$_4$$ 4 crystals as suitable detectors for neutrinoless double beta decay search. In this work, we characterised cubic crystals that, compared to the cylindrical crystals used by CUPID-Mo, are more appealing for the construction of tightly packed arrays. We measured an average energy resolution of ( $$6.7\pm 0.6$$ 6.7 ± 0.6 ) keV FWHM in the region of interest, approaching the CUPID target of 5 keV FWHM. We assessed the identification of $$\alpha $$ α particles with and without a reflecting foil that enhances the scintillation light collection efficiency, proving that the baseline design of CUPID already ensures a complete suppression of this $$\alpha $$ α -induced background contribution. We also used the collected data to validate a Monte Carlo simulation modelling the light collection efficiency, which will enable further optimisations of the detector.
Published: 2021

44. Searching for New Physics in two-neutrino double beta decay with CUPID

Author: A Armatol, E Armengaud, W Armstrong, C Augier, F T Avignone, O Azzolini, A Barabash, G Bari, A Barresi, D Baudin, F Bellini, G Benato, M Beretta, L Bergé, M Biassoni, J Billard, V Boldrini, A Branca, C Brofferio, C Bucci, J Camilleri, S Capelli, L Cappelli, L Cardani, P Carniti, N Casali, A Cazes, E Celi, C Chang, M Chapellier, A Charrier, D Chiesa, M Clemenza, I Colantoni, F Collamati, S Copello, O Cremonesi, R J Creswick, A Cruciani, A D’ Addabbo, G D’ Imperio, I Dafinei, F A Danevich, M de Combarieu, M De Jesus, P de Marcillac, S Dell’Oro, S Di Domizio, V Dompè, A Drobizhev, L Dumoulin, G Fantini, M Faverzani, E Ferri, F Ferri, F Ferroni, E Figueroa-Feliciano, J Formaggio, A Franceschi, C Fu, S Fu, B K Fujikawa, J Gascon, S Ghislandi, A Giachero, L Gironi, A Giuliani, P Gorla, C Gotti, P Gras, M Gros, T D Gutierrez, K Han, E V Hansen, K M Heeger, D L Helis, H Z Huang, R G Huang, L Imbert, J Johnston, A Juillard, G Karapetrov, G Keppel, H Khalife, V V Kobychev, J Kotila, Yu G Kolomensky, S Konovalov, Y Liu, P Loaiza, L Ma, M Madhukuttan, F Mancarella, R Mariam, L Marini, S Marnieros, M Martinez, R H Maruyama, B Mauri, D Mayer, Y Mei, S Milana, D Misiak, T Napolitano, M Nastasi, X F Navick, J Nikkel, R Nipoti, S Nisi, C Nones, E B Norman, V Novosad, I Nutini, T O’Donnell, E Olivieri, C Oriol, J L Ouellet, S Pagan, C Pagliarone, L Pagnanini, P Pari, L Pattavina, B Paul, M Pavan, H Peng, G Pessina, V Pettinacci, C Pira, S Pirro, D V Poda, T Polakovic, O G Polischuk, S Pozzi, E Previtali, A Puiu, S Quitadamo, A Ressa, R Rizzoli, C Rosenfeld, C Rusconi, V Sanglard, J Scarpaci, B Schmidt, V Sharma, V Shlegel, V Singh, M Sisti, D Speller, P T Surukuchi, L Taffarello, O Tellier, C Tomei, V I Tretyak, A Tsymbaliuk, M Velazquez, K J Vetter, S L Wagaarachchi, G Wang, L Wang, B Welliver, J Wilson, K Wilson, L A Winslow, M Xue, L Yan, J Yang, V Yefremenko, V Yumatov, M M Zarytskyy, J Zhang, A Zolotarova, S Zucchelli, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: CUPID, Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay, LNGS, Particle Physics, Neutrino, Majorana Neutrino, History, LNGS, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], hiukkasfysiikka, Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay, Education, crystal, CUPID, Neutrino, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], double-beta decay: (2neutrino), Particle Physics, scintillation counter, symmetry: violation, background, new physics: search for, Majorana Neutrino, neutriinot, sensitivity, violation: Lorentz, Majoron, Computer Science Applications, calorimeter: cryogenics, electron: energy spectrum, symmetry: Lorentz, ydinfysiikka
Abstract: In the past few years, attention has been drawn to the fact that a precision analysis of two-neutrino double beta decay (2υββ) allows the study of interesting physics cases like the emission of Majoron bosons and possible Lorentz symmetry violation. These processes modify the summed-energy distribution of the two electrons emitted in 2υββ. CUPID is a next-generation experiment aiming to exploit 100Mo-enriched scintillating Li2MoO4 crystals, operating as cryogenic calorimeters. Given the relatively fast half-life of 100Mo 2υββ and the large exposure that can be reached by CUPID, we expect to measure with very high precision the 100Mo 2υββ spectrum shape, reaching great sensitivities in the search for distortions induced by the physics beyond the Standard Model. In this contribution, we present the CUPID exclusion sensitivity for such New Physics processes, as well as the preliminary projected background of CUPID.
Published: 2021

45. A CUPID Li2100MoO4 scintillating bolometer tested in the CROSS underground facility.

Author: Armatol, A., Armengaud, E., Armstrong, W., Augier, C., III, F.T. Avignone, Azzolini, O., Bandac, I.C., Barabash, A.S., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bergé, L., Bourgeois, Ch., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., and Branca, A.
Published: 2021
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46. BINGO: Bi-Isotope 02 Next Generation Observatory.

Author: Armatol, A.
Abstract: The search for neutrinoless double-beta decay (), a hypothetical nuclear decay, is one of the major challenges of contemporary physic since its discovery would prove the non conservation of the lepton number and would give an answer to the question of neutrino nature (Dirac or Majorana particles). Starting from the scintillating bolometer technique (a scintillating cryogenic absorber embedding a candidate coupled with a cryogenic light detector for dual heat-light readout), BINGO will search for this decay using the knowledge acquired so far by bolometric experiments with the addition of new methods and technologies to reduce drastically the background in the region of interest. BINGO will study two isotopes which have already shown their good suitability for this detection method: Mo and Te. The proposed solutions will have a high impact on next-generation bolometric tonne-scale experiments, like CUPID, to push further the sensitivity to the half-life of the process. In this contribution, we present the main axes of the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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