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1. Accurately Tracking Relative Positions of Moving Trackers based on UWB Ranging and Inertial Sensing without Anchors

Author

Armani, Rayan and Holz, Christian

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

We present a tracking system for relative positioning that can operate on entirely moving tracking nodes without the need for stationary anchors. Each node embeds a 9-DOF magnetic and inertial measurement unit and a single-antenna ultra-wideband radio. We introduce a multi-stage filtering pipeline through which our system estimates the relative layout of all tracking nodes within the group. The key novelty of our method is the integration of a custom Extended Kalman filter (EKF) with a refinement step via multidimensional scaling (MDS). Our method integrates the MDS output back into the EKF, thereby creating a dynamic feedback loop for more robust estimates. We complement our method with UWB ranging protocol that we designed to allow tracking nodes to opportunistically join and leave the group. In our evaluation with constantly moving nodes, our system estimated relative positions with an error of 10.2cm (in 2D) and 21.7cm (in 3D), including obstacles that occluded the line of sight between tracking nodes. Our approach requires no external infrastructure, making it particularly suitable for operation in environments where stationary setups are impractical., Comment: Accepted at IROS2024

Published
2024

2. Nonlinear nanophotonic devices in the ultraviolet to visible wavelength range

Author

He Jinghan, Chen Hong, Hu Jin, Zhou Jingan, Zhang Yingmu, Kovach Andre, Sideris Constantine, Harrison Mark C., Zhao Yuji, and Armani Andrea M.

Subjects
inverse design, nanophotonics, nonlinear optics, optical materials, organic materials, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Although the first lasers invented operated in the visible, the first on-chip devices were optimized for near-infrared (IR) performance driven by demand in telecommunications. However, as the applications of integrated photonics has broadened, the wavelength demand has as well, and we are now returning to the visible (Vis) and pushing into the ultraviolet (UV). This shift has required innovations in device design and in materials as well as leveraging nonlinear behavior to reach these wavelengths. This review discusses the key nonlinear phenomena that can be used as well as presents several emerging material systems and devices that have reached the UV–Vis wavelength range.

Published
2020
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3. Ultra Inertial Poser: Scalable Motion Capture and Tracking from Sparse Inertial Sensors and Ultra-Wideband Ranging

Author

Armani, Rayan, Qian, Changlin, Jiang, Jiaxi, and Holz, Christian

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Graphics, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, 68T07, 68T45, 68U01, I.2, I.3, I.4, I.5
Abstract

While camera-based capture systems remain the gold standard for recording human motion, learning-based tracking systems based on sparse wearable sensors are gaining popularity. Most commonly, they use inertial sensors, whose propensity for drift and jitter have so far limited tracking accuracy. In this paper, we propose Ultra Inertial Poser, a novel 3D full body pose estimation method that constrains drift and jitter in inertial tracking via inter-sensor distances. We estimate these distances across sparse sensor setups using a lightweight embedded tracker that augments inexpensive off-the-shelf 6D inertial measurement units with ultra-wideband radio-based ranging$-$dynamically and without the need for stationary reference anchors. Our method then fuses these inter-sensor distances with the 3D states estimated from each sensor Our graph-based machine learning model processes the 3D states and distances to estimate a person's 3D full body pose and translation. To train our model, we synthesize inertial measurements and distance estimates from the motion capture database AMASS. For evaluation, we contribute a novel motion dataset of 10 participants who performed 25 motion types, captured by 6 wearable IMU+UWB trackers and an optical motion capture system, totaling 200 minutes of synchronized sensor data (UIP-DB). Our extensive experiments show state-of-the-art performance for our method over PIP and TIP, reducing position error from $13.62$ to $10.65cm$ ($22\%$ better) and lowering jitter from $1.56$ to $0.055km/s^3$ (a reduction of $97\%$)., Comment: Accepted by SIGGRAPH 2024, Code: https://github.com/eth-siplab/UltraInertialPoser

Published
2024

4. Synthesis and Characterization of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: A Series of Laboratory Experiments

Author

Urbina, Armando D., Sridhara, Hari, Scholtz, Alexis, and Armani, Andrea M.

Subjects
Physics - Physics Education, Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

The following laboratory procedure provides students with a hands-on experience in nanomaterials chemistry and characterization. This three-day protocol is easy to follow for undergraduates with basic chemistry or materials science backgrounds and is suitable for inclusion in upper division courses in inorganic chemistry or materials science. Students use air-free chemistry procedures to synthesize and separate iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles and subsequently modify the nanoparticle surface using a chemical stripping agent. The morphology and chemical composition of the nanoparticles are characterized using electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering measurements. Additionally, magnetic characterization of the particles is performed using an open-source (3D-printed), inexpensive magnetophotometer. Possible modifications to the synthesis procedure including the incorporation of dopants to modify the magnetic response and alternative characterization techniques are discussed. The three-day synthesis, purification, and characterization laboratory will prepare students with crucial skills for advanced technology industries such as semiconductor manufacturing, nanomedicine, and green chemistry.

Published
2024

5. Deep-Learned Compression for Radio-Frequency Signal Classification

Author

Rodriguez, Armani, Kaasaragadda, Yagna, and Kokalj-Filipovic, Silvija

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

Next-generation cellular concepts rely on the processing of large quantities of radio-frequency (RF) samples. This includes Radio Access Networks (RAN) connecting the cellular front-end based on software defined radios (SDRs) and a framework for the AI processing of spectrum-related data. The RF data collected by the dense RAN radio units and spectrum sensors may need to be jointly processed for intelligent decision making. Moving large amounts of data to AI agents may result in significant bandwidth and latency costs. We propose a deep learned compression (DLC) model, HQARF, based on learned vector quantization (VQ), to compress the complex-valued samples of RF signals comprised of 6 modulation classes. We are assessing the effects of HQARF on the performance of an AI model trained to infer the modulation class of the RF signal. Compression of narrow-band RF samples for the training and off-the-site inference will allow for an efficient use of the bandwidth and storage for non-real-time analytics, and for a decreased delay in real-time applications. While exploring the effectiveness of the HQARF signal reconstructions in modulation classification tasks, we highlight the DLC optimization space and some open problems related to the training of the VQ embedded in HQARF.

Published
2024

7. Open-source Magnetophotometer (MAP) for Nanoparticle Characterization

Author

Scholtz, Alexis, Paulson, Jack, Nunez, Victoria, and Armani, Andrea M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles form the foundation of a range of biomedical and aerospace technologies. To ensure reproducible system-level performance, quality control (QC) analysis of the nanoparticles' magnetic properties is critical. Although benchtop methods exist to characterize some physical properties of these materials, measuring magnetic susceptibility requires high-performance instrumentation. Here, we detail and validate the design of an open-source, low-cost benchtop magnetophotometer (MAP) that can characterize the magnetic susceptibility of nanoparticles suspended in solution. A mathematical model to calculate the magnetic susceptibility from the MAP data was developed and validated using control measurements. All designs and software are available on open-source platforms., Comment: 39 total pages, Main text and SI included, 21 figures, 6 tables, Design files provided at GitHub link in PDF

Published
2023

8. Nondestructive, quantitative viability analysis of 3D tissue cultures using machine learning image segmentation

Author

Trettner, Kylie J., Hsieh, Jeremy, Xiao, Weikun, Lee, Jerry S. H., and Armani, Andrea M.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing
Abstract

Ascertaining the collective viability of cells in different cell culture conditions has typically relied on averaging colorimetric indicators and is often reported out in simple binary readouts. Recent research has combined viability assessment techniques with image-based deep-learning models to automate the characterization of cellular properties. However, further development of viability measurements to assess the continuity of possible cellular states and responses to perturbation across cell culture conditions is needed. In this work, we demonstrate an image processing algorithm for quantifying cellular viability in 3D cultures without the need for assay-based indicators. We show that our algorithm performs similarly to a pair of human experts in whole-well images over a range of days and culture matrix compositions. To demonstrate potential utility, we perform a longitudinal study investigating the impact of a known therapeutic on pancreatic cancer spheroids. Using images taken with a high content imaging system, the algorithm successfully tracks viability at the individual spheroid and whole-well level. The method we propose reduces analysis time by 97% in comparison to the experts. Because the method is independent of the microscope or imaging system used, this approach lays the foundation for accelerating progress in and for improving the robustness and reproducibility of 3D culture analysis across biological and clinical research., Comment: 52 total pages, Main text and SI included, 35 figures (5 main text, 30 supplemental), 9 tables, 6 datasets (provided on linked GitHub), linked image files on Zenodo

Published
2023
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12. Detecting disruption of HER2 membrane protein organization in cell membranes with nanoscale precision

Author

Moradi, Yasaman, Lee, Jerry SH, and Armani, Andrea M.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Biomolecules
Abstract

The spatio-temporal organization of proteins within the cell membrane can affect numerous biological functions, including cell signaling, communication, and transportation. Deviations from normal spatial arrangements have been observed in various diseases, and better understanding this process is a key stepping-stone to advancing development of clinical interventions. However, given the nanometer length scales involved, detecting these subtle changes has primarily relied on complex super resolution and single molecule imaging methods. In this work, we demonstrate an alternative fluorescent imaging strategy for detecting protein organization based on a material that exhibits a unique photophysical behavior known as aggregation induced emission (AIE). Organic AIE molecules have an increase in emission signal when they are in close proximity and the molecular motion is restricted. This property simultaneously addresses the high background noise and low detection signal that limit conventional widefield fluorescent imaging. To demonstrate the potential of this approach, the fluorescent molecule sensor is conjugated to a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) specific antibody and used to investigate the spatio-temporal behavior of HER2 clustering in the membrane of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Notably, the disruption of HER2 clusters in response to an FDA-approved monoclonal antibody therapeutic (Trastuzumab) is successfully detected using a simple widefield fluorescent microscope. While the sensor demonstrated here is optimized for sensing HER2 clustering, it is an easily adaptable platform. Moreover, given the compatibility with widefield imaging, the system has the potential to be used with high-throughput imaging techniques, accelerating investigations into membrane protein spatio-temporal organization.

Published
2023

13. Omitting axillary staging in selected patients: Rationale of Choosing Wisely in breast cancer treatment.

Author

Grossi, Sara, Le, Julie, and Armani, Ava

Subjects
Patient Safety, Cancer, Breast Cancer, Detection, screening and diagnosis, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Clinical Sciences, Surgery
Abstract

Axillary surgery for breast cancer has continually evolved, with sentinel lymph node biopsy for clinically node-negative women with invasive breast cancer having long replaced axillary lymph node dissection. The information obtained from axillary staging has been important in providing prognostic information and guiding adjuvant treatment recommendations. However, recent studies suggest that sentinel lymph node biopsy should be omitted in select low-risk patients whose axillary surgery provides minimal prognostic value. This was highlighted by the Society of Surgical Oncology Choosing Wisely Guidelines, advocating against routine axillary staging in older women with early-stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Since the guideline release, ongoing research has continued to identify the subset of low-risk patients who would benefit from the omission of axillary staging and improve adherence to Choosing Wisely to prevent overtreatment in older people.

Published
2023

16. HOOV: Hand Out-Of-View Tracking for Proprioceptive Interaction using Inertial Sensing

Author

Streli, Paul, Armani, Rayan, Cheng, Yi Fei, and Holz, Christian

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, I.2, I.5, H.5
Abstract

Current Virtual Reality systems are designed for interaction under visual control. Using built-in cameras, headsets track the user's hands or hand-held controllers while they are inside the field of view. Current systems thus ignore the user's interaction with off-screen content -- virtual objects that the user could quickly access through proprioception without requiring laborious head motions to bring them into focus. In this paper, we present HOOV, a wrist-worn sensing method that allows VR users to interact with objects outside their field of view. Based on the signals of a single wrist-worn inertial sensor, HOOV continuously estimates the user's hand position in 3-space to complement the headset's tracking as the hands leave the tracking range. Our novel data-driven method predicts hand positions and trajectories from just the continuous estimation of hand orientation, which by itself is stable based solely on inertial observations. Our inertial sensing simultaneously detects finger pinching to register off-screen selection events, confirms them using a haptic actuator inside our wrist device, and thus allows users to select, grab, and drop virtual content. We compared HOOV's performance with a camera-based optical motion capture system in two folds. In the first evaluation, participants interacted based on tracking information from the motion capture system to assess the accuracy of their proprioceptive input, whereas in the second, they interacted based on HOOV's real-time estimations. We found that HOOV's target-agnostic estimations had a mean tracking error of 7.7 cm, which allowed participants to reliably access virtual objects around their body without first bringing them into focus. We demonstrate several applications that leverage the larger input space HOOV opens up for quick proprioceptive interaction, and conclude by discussing the potential of our technique., Comment: Accepted at 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Published
2023
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17. Electrical properties of CdTe:P single crystals at low and high temperatures

Author

Petro Fochuk, Yuliia Sniala, Nicola Armani, and Roman Grill

Subjects
cadmium telluride, phosphorus, hall effect, point defects, high-temperature measurements, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

High-temperature (470-1170 K) properties of CdTe:P single crystals, grown by Bridgman technique, with an initial concentration of impurities in the melt 1×1019 at/cm3, were investigated by measuring of the Hall effect. Experimental results indicate that up to the temperature of ~700 K samples had p-type conductivity and above ~940 K – n-type one. Character of isothermal dependences of Hall constant strongly differs from the dependence of the undoped material due to the influence of impurities. Acceptor effect of phosphorus is observed up to 1170 K, it shows a high content of acceptor impurity form (PTe). The low-temperature electric measurements data confirm the fact of phosphorus high solubility in CdTe. The results of IR microscopy indicate that the introduction of phosphorus into CdTe crystal resulted in almost complete elimination of second phase inclusions with size ≥1 μm, which are usually present in such material.

Published
2024
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18. UBE2E1 Is Preferentially Expressed in the Cytoplasm of Slow-Twitch Fibers and Protects Skeletal Muscles from Exacerbated Atrophy upon Dexamethasone Treatment

Author

Polge Cécile, Aniort Julien, Armani Andrea, Claustre Agnès, Coudy-Gandilhon Cécile, Tournebize Clara, Deval Christiane, Combaret Lydie, Béchet Daniel, Sandri Marco, Attaix Didier, and Taillandier Daniel

Subjects
ubiquitin-proteasome system, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, E3 ubiquitin ligases, UBE2E1, MuRF1, skeletal muscle, atrophy, actin, myosin heavy chain, Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract

Skeletal muscle mass is reduced during many diseases or physiological situations (disuse, aging), which results in decreased strength and increased mortality. Muscle mass is mainly controlled by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), involving hundreds of ubiquitinating enzymes (E2s and E3s) that target their dedicated substrates for subsequent degradation. We recently demonstrated that MuRF1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase known to bind to sarcomeric proteins (telethonin, α-actin, myosins) during catabolic situations, interacts with 5 different E2 enzymes and that these E2-MuRF1 couples are able to target telethonin, a small sarcomeric protein, for degradation. Amongst the E2s interacting with MuRF1, E2E1 was peculiar as the presence of the substrate was necessary for optimal MuRF1-E2E1 interaction. In this work, we focused on the putative role of E2E1 during skeletal muscle atrophy. We found that E2E1 expression was restricted to type I and type IIA muscle fibers and was not detectable in type IIB fibers. This strongly suggests that E2E1 targets are fiber-specific and may be strongly linked to the contractile and metabolic properties of the skeletal muscle. However, E2E1 knockdown was not sufficient for preserving the protein content in C2C12 myotubes subjected to a catabolic state (dexamethasone treatment), suggesting that E2E1 is not involved in the development of muscle atrophy. By contrast, E2E1 knockdown aggravated the atrophying process in both catabolic C2C12 myotubes and the Tibialis anterior muscle of mice, suggesting that E2E1 has a protective effect on muscle mass.

Published
2018
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19. C16ORF70/MYTHO promotes healthy aging in C. elegans and prevents cellular senescence in mammals

Author

Franco-Romero, Anais, Morbidoni, Valeria, Milan, Giulia, Sartori, Roberta, Wulff, Jesper, Romanello, Vanina, Armani, Andrea, Salviati, Leonardo, Conte, Maria, Salvioli, Stefano, Franceschi, Claudio, Buonomo, Viviana, Swoboda, Casey O., Grumati, Paolo, Pannone, Luca, Martinelli, Simone, Jefferies, Harold B.J., Dikic, Ivan, van der Laan, Jennifer, Cabreiro, Filipe, Millay, Douglas P., Tooze, Sharon A., Trevisson, Eva, and Sandri, Marco

Subjects
Cells -- Aging, Caenorhabditis elegans -- Physiological aspects, Genetic transcription -- Analysis, Health care industry
Abstract

The identification of genes that confer either extension of life span or accelerate age-related decline was a step forward in understanding the mechanisms of aging and revealed that it is partially controlled by genetics and transcriptional programs. Here, we discovered that the human DNA sequence C16ORF70 encodes a protein, named MYTHO (macroautophagy and youth optimizer), which controls life span and health span. MYTHO protein is conserved from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans and its mRNA was upregulated in aged mice and elderly people. Deletion of the orthologous myt-1 gene in C. elegans dramatically shortened life span and decreased animal survival upon exposure to oxidative stress. Mechanistically, MYTHO is required for autophagy likely because it acts as a scaffold that binds WIPI2 and BCAS3 to recruit and assemble the conjugation system at the phagophore, the nascent autophagosome. We conclude that MYTHO is a transcriptionally regulated initiator of autophagy that is central in promoting stress resistance and healthy aging., Introduction In nature, organisms are continuously exposed to environmental stresses that challenge their survival. The species that quickly and efficiently adapt to hostile conditions are positively selected. This response is [...]

Published
2024
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21. Distance Education for Supporting 'Day One Competences' in Meat Inspection: An E-Learning Platform for the Compulsory Practical Training of Veterinarians

Author

Tinacci, Lara, Guardone, Lisa, Giusti, Alice, Pardini, Stefano, Benedetti, Claudio, Di Iacovo, Francesco, and Armani, Andrea

Abstract

Obtaining a Veterinary Surgeon degree relies on the acquisition of "Day One Competences" (DOCs), among which professional skills related to meat inspection are acquired during visits to abattoirs. In 2020, lockdown measures due to COVID-19 pandemic limited on-site practical training. The present study describes the creation of an e-learning course on bovine and swine slaughtering as an alternative tool for compulsory DOCs achievement within the course "Inspection and control of food of animal origin" during the fourth year of the Veterinary Medicine degree program (Department of Veterinary Sciences of the University of Pisa). Academics and external professionals took part on the planning and development of the learning material. Video pills, consisting of shooting of the slaughtering coupled with trainers' descriptive explanations, were produced. The perceived effectiveness of course contents, trainers' communication skills and technical quality were assessed with a questionnaire. The developed e-learning platform consisted of four main sections (Introduction, Swine slaughtering, Bovine slaughtering and Additional topics), integrated by multiple-choice questions for the student's self-assessment. According to students' assessment, the platform, of high technical quality, effectively condensed contents on meat inspection. Despite the unique and irreplaceable role of practical training in the achievement of the professional skills included in the veterinary curriculum, the e-learning course may concur in providing DOCs and is in line with the adoption of a modern teaching model where e-learning resources engage students in deeper learning approaches.

Published
2022

23. DIVERSIDADE DE APRESENTAÇOES E DESAFIOS DIANOSTICOS NA HEMOGLOBINÚRIA PAROXÍSTICA NOTURNA: ESTUDO BASEADO EM SÉRIE DE CASOS

Author

IA Barcessat, JC Alcazar, FBD Santos, GMM Lopes, GBR Santos, PM Maki, MA Hyun, LB Armani, VAQ Mauad, and DMM Borducchi

Subjects
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5
Abstract

Objetivo: Relatar três casos clínicos de Hemoglobinúria Paroxística Noturna (HPN) debatendo suas formas de apresentação clínica, clonalidade, cenário diagnóstico e tratamento. Série de casos: C.M.S, feminina, 34 anos, deu entrada no serviço com cefaleia e exames laboratoriais evidenciando hemólise. Apresentava coombs direto positivo, poliespecifico e presença de crioaglutininas. Inicialmente refrataria a corticoesteroides e então a pesquisa de clone HPN foi solicitado. Devido a gravidade do quadro e as informações até o momento, iniciado rituximab. O resultado de clone HPN revelou 46.3% clone tipo III e 20.4% clone tipo II em hemácias. Iniciado tratamento com eculizumab endovenoso apresentando resolução completa da anemia. A.C.S, masculino, 63 anos, com diagnóstico em 2016 de aplasia medular não grave e clone HPN 5%. Em 2018, iniciou tratamento com ciclosporina, que foi suspensa em 2020 devido à nefrotoxicidade e níveis hematimétricos estáveis. Em 2023, apresentou piora da anemia com critérios de hemólise, coombs direto negativo, esplenomegalia e dificuldade de ereção. Repetida pesquisa de clone HPN com achado de 32% clone tipo II e 1% clone tipo III. Estabelecimento diagnóstico de HPN sobreposto à aplasia de medula óssea (MO), iniciou eculizumab com remissão completa dos sintomas e normalização da hemoglobina após 3 semanas. F.A.F, masculino, 24 anos, com anemia aplástica grave diagnosticada em 2019 com imuno-histoquímica de MO acusando 6% de clone HPN. Realizada terapia com prednisona, timoglobulina de coelho e ciclosporina, com boa resposta ao tratamento. Após redução gradativa da dose de ciclosporina, sem citopenias importantes ou necessidade transfusional, foi optado por suspender medicação em 2023 e paciente manteve sem piora da anemia. Durante segmento, apresentava clone HPN de 7.7% em hemácias, sendo 4.16% tipo III e clones acometidos em neutrófilos e monócitos próximos a 30%. Mantem sem necessidade de tratamento com eculizumabe. Discussão: A HPN é condição rara e adquirida onde as células-tronco hematopoiéticas e seus clones possuem mutação no gene PIGA, responsável pela biossíntese de glicosilfosfatidilinositol (GPI) o que causa redução ou ausência de inibidores do sistema complemento na superfície das hemácias (CD55 e CD59). Resulta em hemólise intravascular crônica, trombose arterial e venosa, distonia dos músculos lisos e MO hipocelular ou displásica. Clones tipo I são normais, tipo II apresentam deficiência parcial e tipo III deficiência completa desses inibidores. Embora os clones possam surgir em diversas linhagens celulares os sintomas clássicos se relacionam ao acometimento da linhagem eritrocítica, que resulta em hemólise. Sendo assim hipótese diagnóstica nos casos de anemias hemolíticas em aplasias e outras falências medulares ou em eventos trombóticos sem outra explicação. É caracterizada como anemia hemolítica coombs negativo, mas pode apresentar padrões positivos principalmente em hemólises graves. A distribuição do clone e a diversidade na apresentação clínica podem resultar em atraso no diagnóstico. Conclusão: A variabilidade das expressões clonais assim como a falta do teste de coombs monoespecifico no SUS, tornam o diagnóstico da HPN desafiador. É necessário reforçar a importância do conhecimento clínico sobre a doença para obter o diagnóstico preciso.

Published
2024
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24. AVALIAÇÃO DA ADESÃO AO PROTOCOLO INSTITUCIONAL DE RESERVA PRÉ-OPERATÓRIA E A UTILIZAÇÃO DE HEMOCOMPONENTES PARA CIRURGIAS ELETIVAS EM UM HOSPITAL TERCIÁRIO

Author

MC Queiroz, YPP Santos, ME Bezerra, GR Mantovano, PHG Armani, I Zampieri, ANE Sato, HM Souza, FB Vito, and LR Oliveira

Subjects
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5
Abstract

Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre as reservas de hemocomponentes (HCP) feitas ao banco de sangue (BS) do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (HC-UFTM), a utilização desses recursos e a adesão de especialidades médico-cirúrgicas ao Protocolo Institucional de Reserva Pré-operatória de Hemocomponentes (PRH). Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo realizado por meio da análise de dados de janeiro a junho de 2024, relativos a procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos realizados no HC-UFTM, sendo incluídos todos aqueles com reservas de HCP e excluídos aqueles sem especificação de procedimento ou sem referência no PRH. Foram avaliados: a quantidade e o tipo de HCP reservados para cirurgias e a quantidade utilizada. Além disso, analisou-se a conformidade da quantidade de reserva com aquela estabelecida no PRH, bem como a relação das variáveis de acordo com as especialidades médicas demandantes. Resultados: Em 402 cirurgias eletivas analisadas, foram reservadas 3194 bolsas de HCP e somente 2,72% foram utilizadas. Maior montante de reserva foi de concentrado de plaquetas - CP (40,23%), seguido de concentrado de hemácias - CH (31,12%), plasma fresco congelado - PFC (18,13%) e crioprecipitado - CRIO (10,52%). A relação entre reserva/uso, que demonstra o número de reserva para cada bolsa de HCP realmente utilizada, foi de 116,8, 67,2, 30,4 e 19,1, respectivamente, para CP, CRIO, PFC e CH. Em média, foram reservadas cerca de 3,17 bolsas de CP a mais que o utilizado por cirurgia, 2,34 de CH, 1,39 de PFC e 0,83 de CRIO. Apenas 0,5% das cirurgias com reserva de CH seguiram as recomendações do PRH. As 994 bolsas de CH reservadas representaram reserva 6,29 vezes maior que a prevista no PRH (158). Em média, foram solicitados 2,08 CH além do recomendado por cirurgia, todavia, do total reservado somente 12,9% foi utilizado. As especialidades médico-cirúrgicas com menor adesão ao PRH foram Cirurgia Cardíaca e Cirurgia Vascular, com média de reserva de 2,6 CH acima do recomendado por cirurgia. Em relação ao uso efetivo, a especialidade com média de utilização mais próxima ao reservado foi Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. Para as reservas de CP, CRIO e PFC, não previstas em PRH, das 2200 bolsas reservadas (68,9% das reservas) apenas 1,59% foram utilizadas. Discussão: Os dados demonstram grande discrepância entre a quantidade e o tipo de HCP reservados e a utilização efetiva, bem como, a insignificante adesão das especialidades médico-cirúrgicas demandantes das reservas quanto ao montante e ao tipo de HCP previstos no PRH. O cenário descrito revela possíveis falhas no processo de Educação Médica e nos mecanismos de controle interno para validação e efetivação de reservas. Ainda, a reserva excessiva implica em riscos no gerenciamento de estoques de HCP pela indisponibilidade temporária dos HCP durante período de reserva e custos desnecessários através da realização também exagerada de testes imuno-hematológicos. Conclusão: O estudo aponta falhas na reserva de HCP pelas especialidades médico-cirúrgicas, que não aderiram às recomendações do PRH, o que gera riscos potenciais para a organização dos estoques de HCP e aumento de custos. Melhoria dos processos de Educação Médica e do gerenciamento de estoques de HCP faz-se necessária.

Published
2024
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25. LIGA ACADÊMICA DE HEMATOLOGIA E HEMOTERAPIA DA UFTM: DOZE ANOS DE CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A FORMAÇÃO DE ACADÊMICOS DA ÁREA DE SAÚDE

Author

PHG Armani, ANE Sato, MBC Mascarenhas, MC Queiroz, DPM Resende, LLPE Silva, I Zampieri, MHG Matheus, TI Egilio, and SS Silva

Subjects
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5
Abstract

Introdução: As ligas acadêmicas são oportunidades singulares para o desenvolvimento de atividades extracurriculares focadas no tripé ensino, pesquisa e extensão, colaborando positivamente na formação dos acadêmicos. A Liga Acadêmica de Hematologia e Hemoterapia da UFTM (LAHH-UFTM) tem essa proposta, com atividades direcionadas à educação em saúde, pesquisa científica e promoção da saúde na comunidade. Ademais, oferece aos alunos um contato com a prática de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, já nos anos iniciais de sua formação, possibilitando experiências multidisciplinares com diferentes profissionais. Objetivos: Relatar as atividades da LAHH-UFTM entre os anos de 2012 e 2024 e destacar sua importância para o meio acadêmico e comunitário. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de um relato de experiência das ações desenvolvidas pelos membros da LAHH desde sua implantação. Atualmente, a liga é composta por 9 coordenadores discentes e 24 ligantes dos cursos de Biomedicina, Enfermagem e Medicina. O programa é desenvolvido em reuniões quinzenais, abordando módulos como Hemoterapia, Anemias, Hemostasia e Onco-Hematologia. Durante os encontros, são realizadas aulas teóricas e práticas e elabora-se temas para projetos comunitários. Discussão: Anualmente, a LAHH-UFTM realiza um simpósio aberto à comunidade acadêmica para informar sobre temas importantes em hematologia e hemoterapia e selecionar futuros ligantes. Entre 2012 e 2020, os principais projetos foram “Doadores do Futuro”, realizado em escolas de primeiro e segundo grau para conscientização sobre a doação de sangue, e “Anemia Ferropriva”, também com caráter de conscientização em escolas. Em março de 2020, as atividades da liga foram paralisadas devido à pandemia da Covid-19 e à suspensão das atividades acadêmicas. Em 2021, iniciou-se um plano de retomada das ações com uma nova coordenação, e um novo ciclo de aulas começou em abril de 2022. Desde então, a LAHH participou de eventos em parceria com Centros Acadêmicos dos cursos da área da saúde e com a universidade, incluindo a campanha “SUS todo dia, em todo lugar: 34 anos em defesa da vida”, na qual expôs a importância da doação de sangue e medula à população local, e um stand na Feira de Profissões da UFTM, onde apresentou suas atividades a alunos da educação básica de Uberaba e região. Em outubro de 2023, membros da coordenação da liga compareceram ao Congresso Nacional de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular (HEMO) em São Paulo. Participaram de uma competição promovida pelo Sangue Jovem sobre inovações em saúde na terapia celular. Conclusão: A LAHH-UFTM, entre 2012 e 2024, mostrou-se essencial para a formação dos alunos, oferecendo experiências práticas e multidisciplinares. Suas atividades, desde projetos em escolas até a participação em congressos, destacam seu impacto positivo na comunidade e na educação em saúde. A retomada das ações pós-pandemia reafirma seu compromisso com a educação, pesquisa e extensão. Em suma, a LAHH tem sido uma plataforma eficaz para o desenvolvimento profissional dos estudantes e a promoção da saúde na comunidade.

Published
2024
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26. MIELOMA MÚLTIPLO COM INFILTRAÇÃO DO SISTEMA NERVOSO CENTRAL: RELATO DE CASO

Author

LMAD Santos, PM Maki, JY Agnelo, LB Armani, SF Jubara, IA Barcessat, GMM Lopes, GC Santos, VAQ Mauad, and DMM Borducchi

Subjects
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5
Abstract

Introdução: Mieloma múltiplo é uma doença que afeta as células da medula óssea, particularmente os plasmócitos. A idade média de diagnóstico varia entre 65 e 74 anos. Esta condição é caracterizada por alta morbidade e mortalidade. As manifestações extramedulares são raras, ocorrendo em cerca de 5% dos casos, enquanto o acometimento do sistema nervoso central (SNC) é uma complicação rara, afetando 1% dos pacientes. Neste estudo, é relatado um caso de mieloma múltiplo com infiltração no SNC e seu desfecho clínico. Objetivo: Relatar o caso clínico de Mieloma múltiplo com acometimento do sistema nervoso central de paciente em seguimento no Hospital Estadual Mário Covas (HEMC). Relato de caso: JSM, um paciente masculino de 58 anos, hipertenso, com diagnóstico de mieloma múltiplo de cadeia leve Kappa, apresentou manifestações neurológicas (despertar patológico). Um EEG revelou alentecimento difuso bilateral, enquanto a tomografia computadorizada do crânio não mostrou alterações. A análise do líquor revelou níveis de proteína de 51,8, glicose de 63 e celularidade de 5. A imunofenotipagem do líquor indicou a presença de 0,31% de plasmócitos. Materiais e métodos: Revisão do prontuário do paciente, do acesso ao laudo dos métodos diagnósticos aos quais o paciente foi submetido e de uma revisão de literatura. Discussão: Os sintomas em pacientes com mieloma múltiplo são inespecíficos e cursam com anemia, hipercalcemia, lesão lítica e renal. O acometimento do SNC é raro, mas pode ocorrer por contiguidade ou por via hematogênica. O tratamento da doença, apesar de não curativo e apresentar sobrevida de 5 anos em menos de 60% dos casos, consiste na associação de quimioterapia e corticosteroide. No entanto, em casos de infiltração do SNC, a literatura ainda é escassa em evidências para guiar o tratamento. Conclusão: A apresentação deste caso de mieloma múltiplo com envolvimento do sistema nervoso central destaca a complexidade e gravidade da doença. A rápida progressão e os desafios terapêuticos ressaltam a necessidade de abordagens integradas e vigilância contínua para melhorar os desfechos clínicos. Este relato sublinha a importância da detecção precoce e manejo multidisciplinar para enfrentar os múltiplos aspectos dessa doença.

Published
2024
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29. Spinescence and the Island Plant Defense Syndrome

Author

Barton, Kasey E., Carpenter, Joanna K., Flores, Ana, Saez, Llorenç, Armani, Mohammed, Wardle, David A., Series Editor, Canadell, Josep G., Series Editor, Díaz, Sandra, Series Editor, Heldmaier, Gerhard, Series Editor, Jackson, Robert B., Series Editor, Levia, Delphis F., Series Editor, Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, Series Editor, Sommer, Ulrich, Series Editor, Moreira, Xoaquín, editor, and Abdala-Roberts, Luis, editor

Published
2024
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30. Human anisakiasis in Italy: a retrospective epidemiological study over two decades

Author

Guardone Lisa, Armani Andrea, Nucera Daniele, Costanzo Francesco, Mattiucci Simonetta, and Bruschi Fabrizio

Subjects
Anisakis sp., Anisakis pegreffii, zoonosis, diagnosis, anchovies, seafood safety, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

A retrospective analysis on human anisakiasis in Italy since its first description in 1996 was performed by conducting a literature search. Inclusion criteria based on the presence of a larva and on parasite identification were applied. Epidemiological data and clinical features were analysed. Particular attention was paid to the source of infection. In total, 73 cases were included in the analysis, while 34 were excluded. Cases were reported from eight Italian regions, most frequently Abruzzo, Apulia and Latium. The parasite was detected by endoscopy (51.4%) or laparotomy (48.6%). The site of infection was intestinal (42.5%), gastric (43.8%), oesophageal (1.4%) or ectopic (12.3%). Most of the parasites (71.0%) were identified as Anisakis sp. or A. simplex (s.l.). However, when molecular methods were used (21 cases), A. pegreffii was always identified. In most of the patients (65.7%), the source of infection was raw or undercooked anchovies, followed by “anchovies or sardines” (15.1%), generic “raw seafood” (15.1%), and sardines (1.4%). In only 2 cases (2.7%), the source was not available. This is the first systematic analysis of Italian cases of anisakiasis. The main conclusions derived from the results are: i) attention should be given to the history, in particular when raw marinated anchovies, proven to be the main source of human anisakiasis in Italy, are consumed; ii) in order to assess correct epidemiological data, a confirmed and specific etiological identification should always be sought.

Published
2018
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32. Equity and justice should underpin the discourse on tipping points

Author

L. M. Pereira, I. Gianelli, T. Achieng, D. Amon, S. Archibald, S. Arif, A. Castro, T. P. Chimbadzwa, K. Coetzer, T.-L. Field, O. Selomane, N. Sitas, N. Stevens, S. Villasante, M. Armani, D. M. Kimuyu, I. J. Adewumi, D. M. Lapola, D. Obura, P. Pinho, F. Roa-Clavijo, J. Rocha, and U. R. Sumaila

Subjects
Science, Geology, QE1-996.5, Dynamic and structural geology, QE500-639.5
Abstract

Radical and quick transformations towards sustainability will be fundamental to achieving a more sustainable future. However, deliberate interventions to reconfigure systems will result in winners and losers, with the potential for greater or lesser equity and justice outcomes. Positive tipping points (PTPs) have been proposed as interventions in complex systems with the aim to (a) reduce the likelihood of negative Earth system tipping points and/or (b) increase the likelihood of achieving just social foundations. However, many narratives around PTPs often do not take into account the entire spectrum of impacts the proposed alternatives could have or still rely on narratives that maintain current unsustainable behaviours and marginalize many people (i.e. do not take “b” into account). One such example is the move from petrol-based to electric vehicles. An energy transition that remains based on natural resource inputs from the Global South must be unpacked with an equity and justice lens to understand the true cost of this transition. There are two arguments why a critical engagement with these and other similar proposals needs to be made. First, the idea of transitioning through a substitution (e.g. of fuel) while maintaining the system structure (e.g. of private vehicles) may not necessarily be conceived as the kind of radical transformation being called for by global scientific bodies like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). Second, and probably more importantly, the question of positive for whom, positive where, and positive how must be considered. In this paper, we unpack these narratives using a critical decolonial view from the south and outline their implications for the concept of tipping points.

Published
2024
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33. Preoperative Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Cryoneurolysis for the Treatment of Pain after Mastectomy: A Randomized, Participant- and Observer-masked, Sham-controlled Study

Author

Ilfeld, Brian M, Finneran, John J, Swisher, Matthew W, Said, Engy T, Gabriel, Rodney A, Sztain, Jacklynn F, Khatibi, Bahareh, Armani, Ava, Trescot, Andrea, Donohue, Michael C, Schaar, Adam, and Wallace, Anne M

Subjects
Neurosciences, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Chronic Pain, Pain Research, Humans, Female, Ropivacaine, Pain, Postoperative, Mastectomy, Oxycodone, Analgesics, Opioid, Breast Neoplasms, Ultrasonography, Interventional, Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology
Abstract

BackgroundUltrasound-guided percutaneous cryoneurolysis is an analgesic technique in which a percutaneous probe is used to reversibly ablate a peripheral nerve(s) using exceptionally low temperature, and has yet to be evaluated with randomized, controlled trials. Pain after mastectomy can be difficult to treat, and the authors hypothesized that the severity of surgically related pain would be lower on postoperative day 2 with the addition of cryoanalgesia compared with patients receiving solely standard-of-care treatment.MethodsPreoperatively, participants at one enrolling center received a single injection of ropivacaine, 0.5%, paravertebral nerve block at T3 or T4, and perineural catheter. Participants subsequently underwent an active or sham ultrasound-guided percutaneous cryoneurolysis procedure of the ipsilateral T2 to T5 intercostal nerves in a randomized, patient- and observer-masked fashion. Participants all received a continuous paravertebral block with ropivacaine, 0.2%, until the early morning of discharge (usually postoperative day 2). The primary endpoint was the average pain level measured using a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale the afternoon of postoperative day 2. Participants were followed for 1 yr.ResultsOn postoperative day 2, participants who had received active cryoneurolysis (n = 31) had a median [interquartile range] pain score of 0 [0 to 1.4] versus 3.0 [2.0 to 5.0] in patients given sham (n = 29): difference -2.5 (97.5% CI, -3.5 to -1.5), P < 0.001. There was evidence of superior analgesia through month 12. During the first 3 weeks, cryoneurolysis lowered cumulative opioid use by 98%, with the active group using 1.5 [0 to 14] mg of oxycodone compared with 72 [20 to 120] mg in the sham group (P < 0.001). No oral analgesics were required by any patient between months 1 and 12. After 1 yr chronic pain had developed in 1 (3%) active compared with 5 (17%) sham participants (P < 0.001).ConclusionsPercutaneous cryoneurolysis markedly improved analgesia without systemic side effects or complications after mastectomy.Editor’s perspective

Published
2022

35. Gender differences in body composition, dietary patterns, and physical activity: insights from a cross-sectional study

Author

Mauro Lombardo, Alessandra Feraco, Andrea Armani, Elisabetta Camajani, Stefania Gorini, Rocky Strollo, Elvira Padua, Massimiliano Caprio, and Alfonso Bellia

Subjects
gender, body composition, eating behaviour, physical activity patterns, cross-sectional study, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract

IntroductionThis study investigates the interplay between body composition, dietary patterns, and physical activity across genders, focusing on gender-specific differences in food preferences and eating behaviors. Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing targeted nutritional and lifestyle interventions.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,333 participants (58.7% female, 41.3% male), aged 18–65 years. Participants were categorized into tertiles based on their fat mass to fat-free mass (FM-to-FFM) ratio. Data on dietary choices, eating behaviors, and physical activity were collected and analyzed to identify gender-specific trends.ResultsSignificant gender-specific differences were observed in food preferences and eating behaviors. Males experienced greater hunger in the late afternoon, while females felt more hunger in the morning. Males showed a preference for processed and red meats, whereas females preferred cooked vegetables. Eating behaviors such as meal skipping, uncontrolled eating, nocturnal eating, and taste preferences (sweet or salty) varied distinctly between FM-to-FFM tertiles and genders. Higher FM-to-FFM ratios correlated with lower physical activity levels, particularly in strength training and general sports engagement.DiscussionThese findings highlight the complex interactions between body composition, dietary habits, and lifestyle factors, emphasizing gender-specific differences. The results suggest that body composition and BMI significantly impact health-related behaviors, necessitating tailored interventions to address these differences and promote healthier lifestyles.

Published
2024
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36. Mapping the occurrence of Eustrongylides spp. in fish species caught from six lakes in Central Italy (Tuscany and Latium regions): Implications for local fishery supply chains

Author

Marta Di Maggio, Miriana Coltraro, Lara Tinacci, Lisa Guardone, Enrica Ricci, Carlo Corradini, Francesca Susini, and Andrea Armani

Subjects
Zoonotic parasites, Seafood products, Risk assessments, Food quality and safety, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

In the present study, in order to expand the knowledge on the distribution of parasites of the genus Eustrongylides in never investigated Italian lacustrine areas of Tuscany and Latium, fish specimens from four Tuscan lakes (Bilancino, Chiusi, Montedoglio and San Cipriano) and two Latium lakes (Bolsena and Bracciano) were collected and analyzed. The parasitological analysis, consisting of a visual inspection followed by a chloro-peptic digestion, was performed on 1650 specimens belonging to 17 species: European perch (Perca fluviatilis), Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus), Pike-perch (Sander lucioperca), Largemouth black bass (Micropterus salmoides), Pike (Esox lucius), Big-scale sand smelt (Atherina boyeri), Tench (Tinca), European Whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus), Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), Chub (Squalius cephalus), Rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus), Common bleak (Alburnus alborella), South European roach (Sarmarutilus rubilio), South European nase (Protochondrostoma genei), Italian riffle dace (Telestes muticellus), Goldfish (Carassius auratus), and Freshwater bream (Abramis brama). Eustrongylides spp. larvae were only found in one specimen of European perch caught in Bracciano Lake and purchased from a local fishmonger (P = 3.3%; MI = 1; MA = 0.03). The only isolated Eustrongylides spp. larva was submitted to molecular analysis of the ITS gene region and identified as E. excisus. This finding adds Bracciano Lake to the list of the several Italian lakes in which nematodes belonging to this genus have been reported. Even if the observed prevalence is currently low, the presence of the parasite in this local freshwater fish supply chain requires FBOs to adopt risk management measures to prevent contaminated products from reaching final consumer. Moreover, future investigations will show if the parasite expands in these areas.

Published
2024
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37. Third Graders' Strategy Use and Accuracy on an Expository Text: An Exploratory Study Using Eye Movements

Author

Kathryn A. Tremblay, Katherine S. Binder, Scott P. Ardoin, Armani Talwar, and Elizabeth L. Tighe

Abstract

Background: Of the myriad of reading comprehension (RC) assessments used in schools, multiple-choice (MC) questions continue to be one of the most prevalent formats used by educators and researchers. Outcomes from RC assessments dictate many critical factors encountered during a student's academic career, and it is crucial that we gain a deeper understanding of the nuances of these assessments and the types of skills needed for their successful completion. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine how different component skills (i.e., decoding, word recognition, reading fluency, RC and working memory) were related to students' response accuracy as they read a text and responded to MC questions. Methods: We monitored the eye movements of 73 third graders as they read an expository text and answered MC questions. We investigated whether the component skills differentially predicted accuracy across different question types and difficulty levels. Results: Results indicated that readers who answered MC questions correctly were able to identify when they needed to reread the text to find the answer and were better able to find the relevant area in the text compared with incorrect responders. Incorrect responders were less likely to reread the text to find the answer and generally had poorer precision when attempting to locate the answer in the text. Finally, the component skills relied upon by readers to answer RC questions were related to the type and difficulty of the questions. [This paper was published in "Journal of Research in Reading" v44 p737-756 2021.]

Published
2021
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40. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of phantom limb pain: a systematic review

Author

Gabriel Rocha Santos Knorst, Phamella Rocha de Souza, Armani Gontijo Plácido Di Araújo, Samantha Avanço Ferraz Knorst, Denise Sisterolli Diniz, and Hélio Fernandes da Silva Filho

Subjects
Phantom Limb, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Pain, Systematic Review, Membro Fantasma, Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana, Dor, Revisão Sistemática, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Background Phantom limb pain (PLP) occurs after amputations and can persist in a chronic and debilitating way. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation method capable of influencing brain function and modulating cortical excitability. Its effectiveness in treating chronic pain is promising.

Published
2024
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41. Non-planar graphene directly synthesized on intracavity optical microresonators for GHz repetition rate mode-locked lasers

Author

Oleksiy Kovalchuk, Sungjae Lee, Hyowon Moon, Andrea M. Armani, and Yong-Won Song

Subjects
Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Abstract Generation of high-speed laser pulses is essential for sustaining today’s global, hyper-connected society. One approach for achieving high spectral and temporal purity is to combine optical nonlinear materials with spectral filtering devices. In this work, a graphene-coated microresonator integrates a nonlinear material and a spectral filtering platform into a single device, creating a tunable GHz repetition rate mode-locked fiber laser. The graphene is directly synthesized on the non-planar surface of microresonator, resulting in a uniform, conformal coating with minimal optical loss in the device. The whispering gallery modes of the resonator filter the propagating modes, and the remaining modes from the interaction with graphene lock their relative phases to form short pulses at an elevated repetition rate relying on inter-modal spectral distance. Additionally, by leveraging the photo-thermal effect, all-optical tuning of the repetition rate is demonstrated. With optimized device parameters, repetition rates of 150 GHz and tuning of 6.1 GHz are achieved.

Published
2024
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42. Solubility of mesalazine in pseudo-binary mixtures of choline chloride/ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent and water at 293.15 K to 313.15 K

Author

Elina Armani, Parisa Jafari, Salar Hemmati, Elaheh Rahimpour, Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali, and Abolghasem Jouyban

Subjects
Mesalazine solubility, Choline chloride/ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent, Solution thermodynamics, Cosolvency models, Enthalpy-entropy compensation analysis, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Abstract Mesalazine (5-ASA) is a medication utilized to treat inflammatory bowel diseases involving ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. Mesalazine has fewer side effects but the low solubility and bioavailability of it is responsible for its delayed onset of action. Hence, the goal of this study is to determine the molar solubility of 5-ASA in aqueous pseudo-binary mixtures containing low toxic biocompatible choline chloride/ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent (ChCl/EG DES) with DES mass fraction of 0.0–1.0 using a shake-flask technique at 293.2–313.2 K and approximately 85 kPa. The experimental results indicated that the solubility of 5-ASA enhanced by addition of DES mass fraction and also increasing temperature. The molarity values of 5-ASA were then modelled by some traditional cosolvency models, and regressed each model parameters. The back-computed molarity of 5-ASA using the selected cosolvency models presented a good consistency with the experimental data (lower mean percentage deviation than 5.14%). Moreover, the Gibbs and van’t Hoff equations were employed to compute the thermodynamic functions of 5-ASA dissolution process in ChCl/EG DES + water from the temperature dependency of solubility data. This analysis presented an endothermic and entropy-driven process of 5-ASA dissolution in ChCl/EG DES + water. Furthermore, enthalpy-entropy compensation analysis represented non-linear enthalpy dissolution vs. Gibbs free energy compensation plots with positive and negative slopes for 5-ASA whereas the positive and negative slopes were probably due to the enhance in solvation of 5-ASA by ChCl/EG DES molecules and the solvent-structure loosing, respectively.

Published
2023
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43. Luminescence from ZAIS quantum dots: radiative or nonradiative

Author

Moradi, Yasaman, Zeto, Rene, and Armani, Andrea M.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Quantum dots have found applications across the semiconductor and biotechnology industries, improving energy efficiency, color purity, and imaging capability. However, the standard quantum dot relies on a heavy metal architecture, which has undesirable environmental impacts. Thus, alternative material systems are desirable. One strategy is the ZnS-AgInS2 (ZAIS) quantum dot which has a metal dichalcogenide chemical structure. Unlike heavy metal quantum dots, these nanoparticles luminesce even when defects are present, and their emission wavelength is tuned by varying the relative composition. Past works have linked the source of this luminescence to a defect-assisted transition recombination process, but the precise mechanism is still unclear. In this work, we investigate the physics of this defect-assisted transition by systematically varying the concentration of defects through a simple quick-cool thermal annealing process which provides control over the crystalline disorder of the nanoparticle. Using a combination of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and fluorescence measurements, information about the nature of the defect-assisted transition is obtained. In contrast to previous work, we find that the ZAIS quantum dot luminescence has an electronic-based rather than defect-assisted transition mechanism., Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, includes SI material

Published
2021

45. A Cost-Effective Workload Allocation Strategy for Cloud-Native Edge Services

Author

Armani, Valentino, Faticanti, Francescomaria, Cretti, Silvio, Kum, Seungwoo, and Siracusa, Domenico

Subjects
Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract

Nowadays IoT applications consist of a collection of loosely coupled modules, namely microservices, that can be managed and placed in a heterogeneous environment consisting of private and public resources. It follows that distributing the application logic introduces new challenges in guaranteeing performance and reducing costs. However, most existing solutions are focused on reducing pay-per-use costs without considering a microservice-based architecture. We propose a cost-effective workload allocation for microservice-based applications. We model the problem as an integer programming problem and we formulate an efficient and near-optimal heuristic solution given the NP-hardness of the original problem. Numerical results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed heuristic in terms of cost reduction and performance with respect to optimal and state-of-the-art solutions. Moreover, an evaluation conducted in a Kubernetes cluster running in an OpenStack ecosystem confirms the feasibility and the validity of the proposed solution.

Published
2021

46. COVID-19 Diagnostics: Past, Present, and Future

Author

Scholtz, Alexis, Ramoji, Anuradha, Silge, Anja, Jansson, Jakob R., de Moura, Ian G., Popp, Jürgen, Sram, Jakub P., and Armani, Andrea M.

Subjects
Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

In winter of 2020, SARS-CoV-2 emerged as a global threat, impacting not only health but also financial and political stability. To address the societal need for monitoring the spread of SARS-CoV-2, many existing diagnostic technologies were quickly adapted to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antigens as well as the immune response and new testing strategies were developed to accelerate time-to-decision. In parallel, the infusion of research support accelerated the development of new spectroscopic methods. While these methods have significantly reduced the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on society when coupled with behavioral changes, they also lay the groundwork for a new generation of platform technologies. With several epidemics on the horizon, such as the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the ability to quickly pivot the target pathogen of this diagnostic toolset will continue to have an impact., Comment: 40 pages, 8 figures

Published
2021

50. Burden of disease scenarios for 204 countries and territories, 2022–2050: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Vollset, Stein Emil, Ababneh, Hazim S, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasgholizadeh, Rouzbeh, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd Al Magied, Abdallah H A, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abdelkader, Atef, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdi, Parsa, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abebe, Mesfin, Abiodun, Olumide, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abouzid, Mohamed, Aboye, Girma Beressa, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Absalan, Abdorrahim, Abualruz, Hasan, Abubakar, Bilyaminu, Abukhadijah, Hana Jihad Jihad, Addolorato, Giovanni, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun, Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi, Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther, Adha, Rishan, Adhikary, Ripon Kumar, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Adzigbli, Leticia Akua, Afrashteh, Fatemeh, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Agbozo, Faith, Agodi, Antonella, Agrawal, Anurag, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahlstrom, Austin J, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Firdos, Ahmad, Muayyad M, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Shahzaib, Ahmed, Anisuddin, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Safoora, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Akinosoglou, Karolina, Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed, Akrami, Ashley E, Akter, Ema, Al Awaidy, Salah, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, Al Mosa, Amjad S, Al Ta'ani, Omar, Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed, Alahdab, Fares, Alajlani, Muaaz M, Al-Ajlouni, Yazan, Alalalmeh, Samer O, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Tahiya, Alam, Zufishan, Al-amer, Rasmieh Mustafa, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Albakri, Almaza, Aldhaleei, Wafa A, Aldridge, Robert W, Alemohammad, Seyedeh Yasaman, Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed, Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled, Ali, Abid, Ali, Amjad, Ali, Iman, Ali, Mohammed Usman, Ali, Rafat, Ali, Syed Shujait Shujait, Ali, Victor Ekoche, Ali, Waad, Al-Ibraheem, Akram, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alif, Sheikh Mohammad, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, François, Almazan, Joseph Uy, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Alqutaibi, Ahmed Yaseen, 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