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Introduction The historical focus of vaccines on child health coupled with the advent of novel vaccines targeting adult populations necessitates exploring strategies for adult vaccine implementation.Areas covered This scoping review extracts insights from the past decade’s experiences introducing adult vaccines in low- and middle-income countries. Among 25 papers reviewed, 19 focused on oral cholera vaccine, 2 on Meningococcal A vaccines, 2 on tetanus toxoid vaccine, 1 on typhoid vaccine, and 1 on Ebola vaccine. Aligned with WHO’s Global Framework for New TB Vaccines for Adults and Adolescents, our findings center on vaccine availability, accessibility, and acceptance.Expert Opinion Availability findings underscore the importance of understanding disease burden for prioritization, multi-sectoral collaboration during planning, and strategic resource allocation and coordination. Accessibility results highlight the benefits of leveraging existing health infrastructure and adequately training healthcare workers, and contextually tailoring vaccine delivery approaches to reach challenging sub-groups like working male adults. Central to fostering acceptance, resonant sensitization, and communication campaigns engaging the communities and utilizing trusted local leaders countered rumors and increased awareness and uptake. As we approach the introduction of a new adult TB vaccine, insights from this review equips decision-makers with key evidence-based recommendations to support successful and equitable vaccinations targeting adults.

This study explores the effectiveness of STEM education in developing spatial thinking skills in elementary school students. The study employs a quasi-experimental design involving two groups: an experimental group that received STEM intervention and a control group following the standard curriculum. The results indicate that the experimental group experienced significant improvements in visualization, spatial relationship understanding, and spatial object manipulation compared to the control group. These improvements are primarily to technology, such as 3D simulations and design software, which help students comprehend complex spatial concepts. Further statistical analysis supports these findings, showing significant differences between the experimental and control groups. These findings underscore the importance of integrating STEM education into the curriculum to enhance students' spatial skills, which are critical in various science and technology disciplines. However, challenges in implementation, such as a need for more resources and teacher training, must be addressed to ensure the program's effectiveness across different educational contexts.

Purpose: Although musculoskeletal involvement is the common presentation, studies have reported the incidence of sports related ocular trauma. Here we present the case reports of two patients who sustained injury in one of the fast growing sports – the pickleball, during play without eye protection. Observations: Two patients with history of injury during pickleball play presented to our clinic with varying spectrum of ocular presentations. First patient had an anterior segment involvement with hyphema and elevated intraocular pressure, and the second patient had both anterior and posterior segment involvement causing angle recession and commotio retinae. Conclusion: Ocular injuries related to various sports have been extensively described, our intent is to increase the awareness about the possible ocular injuries related to rising pickleball and that improved safety measures and appropriate education to the players could prevent such ocular injuries.

Abstract Combination of different power cycle scenarios is of prime importance in achieving maximum energy utilization from solar‐driven multigeneration systems. To fulfill such objective, the present article proposes a novel energy distribution system, leveraging a combination of direct‐fed organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and a bottom‐cycled arrangement of Kalina cycle system (KCS) and double‐effect absorption refrigeration cycle (DEARC) within a parabolic trough solar collector powered trigeneration system. The study explores three different ORC configurations: simple ORC; ORC equipped with internal heat exchanger (ORC‐IHE) and regenerative ORC (RORC). It is shown that although higher efficiencies are achievable from a larger portion of PTSC energy absorbed by the ORC, the ORC energy absorption is limited by ORC evaporator temperature differences, and there is unused energy that can be recovered by the KCS, based on the proposed energy system. The results indicate that the addition of bottoming KCS leads to a considerable increase in the exergy efficiency of ORC, ORC‐IHE and RORC‐based systems by 11.7%, 30.7% and 32.6%, respectively. The impact of different ORC configurations, key ORC parameters and various organic working fluids on the energetic/exergetic efficiencies is also examined to find the optimal configuration. In terms of overall energetic/exergetic efficiencies, the highest performance belongs to ORC (78.4%/30.4%) while the lowest energetic and exergetic efficiencies belong to ORC‐IHE and RORC, respectively (56.3% and 25.65%). On the basis of a comparative study with the available literature, these values are higher than what is already reported for similar solar‐driven multigeneration systems. Appropriate thermal match and lower exergy destruction in the KCS, and bottoming cycle arrangement of the DEARC are the main reasons for such enhanced performance. This research not only contributes valuable insights into efficient solar‐driven systems but also sets a new benchmark for performance metrics in the existing literature.

Artikel ini merupakan hasil seminar nasional ekonomi bisnis pada tanggal 11 Desember 2023 di Politeknik Piksi Ganesha sehingga penulis mengembangkan dalam sebuah jurnal, evolusi peradaban manusia dari Revolusi Neolithik hingga era digital, dengan fokus pada dampaknya terhadap ekonomi, bisnis, dan kesehatan. Menggunakan metode studi dokumentasi, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami perubahan mendasar dalam cara kita bekerja, berbisnis, dan merawat kesehatan seiring berjalannya waktu. Proses penelitian melibatkan identifikasi tujuan penelitian yang melandasi eksplorasi tentang Revolusi Industri dan struktural Masyarakat 5.0. Dokumen-dokumen terkait, seperti laporan penelitian, kebijakan pemerintah, dan artikel ilmiah, diidentifikasi, dikumpulkan, dan dievaluasi untuk mendukung analisis dan interpretasi. Hasil penelitian menyoroti pentingnya inovasi teknologi, digitalisasi bisnis, pembangunan kota cerdas, dan pelayanan kesehatan terkoneksi dalam era Society 5.0. Namun, bersamaan dengan peluang, penelitian ini juga menekankan tantangan, termasuk ketidaksetaraan akses, keamanan siber, dan pergeseran struktur pekerjaan. Dengan memberikan saran untuk meningkatkan akses, mengatasi tantangan keamanan siber, dan mendukung pendidikan dan pelatihan keterampilan, penelitian ini menggarisbawahi upaya yang dapat diambil untuk mengoptimalkan dampak positif teknologi. Fokus pada aspek etika, kolaborasi lintas sektor, dan keberlanjutan menjadi kunci dalam merancang masa depan yang inklusif dan berkelanjutan di era digital ini. Dengan menggabungkan pendekatan holistik ini, diharapkan kita dapat menghadapi masa depan dengan bijaksana, meminimalkan risiko, dan meraih manfaat maksimal dari revolusi teknologi yang terus berkembang

Abstract Purpose: To report the development of malignant epiretinal membrane after radiation of ciliary body melanoma. Case report: A 65-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of a ciliary body tumor in her right eye. On examination, a pigmented ciliary body tumor, displacing the iris anteriorly, was visible superotemporally and ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed a large solid ciliary body tumor. She was diagnosed with ciliary body melanoma and treated with proton beam radiation. Over the following 29 months, the treated tumor regressed but optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed the development of a dense epiretinal membrane. Enucleation was performed and histopathological examination showed viable melanoma cells in the vitreous cavity with sheet-like growth of viable spindle melanoma cells on the epiretinal surface. Conclusion: The development of a pigmented epiretinal membrane in eyes with uveal melanoma should raise the possibility of a malignant epiretinal membrane.

Neurosarcoidosis, a rare inflammatory condition, poses a diagnostic challenge due to its various clinical presentations and potential mimics. This comprehensive review delves into the complexities of neurosarcoidosis, emphasizing the importance of a thorough diagnostic workup and the consideration of alternative conditions, such as fungal mimics. The study explores the intricacies of the diagnostic process, particularly the role of histopathology, imaging, and laboratory tests. The current state of neurosarcoidosis management is examined, such as the use of corticosteroids as well as novel therapies including Rituximab and JAK-STAT inhibitors. The clinical spectrum is described in detail for both the peripheral and central nervous systems, offering insights into the many presentations, which include ocular manifestations and syndromes like Heerfordt's syndrome. The complexities of neurosarcoidosis necessitate further research in its diagnosis, pharmacotherapy, and management. The inclusion of information on ongoing research and clinical trials underscores the need for tailored therapeutic approaches.

Summary: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression is influenced by immune suppression induced by leukemia cells. ZEB1, a critical transcription factor in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, demonstrates immune regulatory functions in AML. Silencing ZEB1 in leukemic cells reduces engraftment and extramedullary disease in immune-competent mice, activating CD8 T lymphocytes and limiting Th17 cell expansion. ZEB1 in AML cells directly promotes Th17 cell development that, in turn, creates a self-sustaining loop and a pro-invasive phenotype, favoring transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), interleukin-23 (IL-23), and SOCS2 gene transcription. In bone marrow biopsies from AML patients, immunohistochemistry shows a direct correlation between ZEB1 and Th17. Also, the analysis of ZEB1 expression in larger datasets identifies two distinct AML groups, ZEB1high and ZEB1low, each with specific immunological and molecular traits. ZEB1high patients exhibit increased IL-17, SOCS2, and TGF-β pathways and a negative association with overall survival. This unveils ZEB1’s dual role in AML, entwining pro-tumoral and immune regulatory capacities in AML blasts.

As the average lifespan has increased, memory disorders have become a more pressing public health concern. However, dementia in the elderly population is often neglected in light of other health priorities. Therefore, expanding the knowledge surrounding the pathology of dementia will allow more informed decision-making regarding treatment within elderly and older adult populations. An important emerging avenue in dementia research is understanding the vascular contributors to dementia. This review summarizes potential causes of vascular cognitive impairment like stroke, microinfarction, hypertension, atherosclerosis, blood-brain-barrier dysfunction, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Also, this review address treatments that target these vascular impairments that also show promising results in reducing patient’s risk for and experience of dementia.

Community forestry (HKm) is a state forest that aims to empower communities around the forest without disturbing its main function, whose management is carried out by farmer groups. However, there are still many members of farmer groups who do not understand HKm management. This service activity is carried out to increase the knowledge of farmer groups as community forest managers. The target of this activity is the Sintuvu Roso farmer group, Wombo Kalonggo Village, Tanantovea District, Donggala Regency. Based on the results of observations, situation analysis and problem identification, it was discovered that the partners had problems, including the social forestry work plan and annual work plan had not been prepared, and many group members did not know the HKm limits. The stages of the implementation of community service consist of observation, problem identification, counseling and training, evaluation of activities and preparation of reports. The solution to this problem is that partners carry out counseling activities on how to manage and prepare HKm work plans and training on using Avenza maps. The results of the implementation of the service that has been carried out are increasing the knowledge of farmer groups in managing community forests and using the Avenza Maps application.

There is global consensus on the urgent need for a safe and effective TB vaccine for adults and adolescents to improve global TB control, and encouragingly, several promising candidates have advanced to late-stage trials. Significant gaps remain in understanding the critical factors that will facilitate the successful implementation of new and repurposed TB vaccines in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), once available. By synthesizing the existing body of knowledge, this review offers comprehensive insights into the current state of research on implementation of these adult and adolescent vaccines. This review explores four key dimensions: (1) epidemiological impact, (2) costing, cost-effectiveness, and/or economic impact, (3) acceptability, and the (4) feasibility of implementation; this includes implementation strategies of target populations, and health system capabilities. Results indicate that current research primarily consists of epidemiological and costing/cost-effectiveness/economic studies in India, China, and South Africa, mainly modelling with M72/AS01, BCG revaccination, and hypothetical vaccines. Varying endpoints, vaccine efficacies, and vaccination coverages were used. Globally, new, and repurposed TB vaccines are estimated to save millions of lives. Economically, these vaccines also demonstrate promise with expected cost-effectiveness in most countries. Projected outcomes were dependent on vaccine characteristics, target population, implementation strategy, timing of roll out, TB burden/country context, and vaccination coverage. Potential barriers for vaccine acceptability included TB-related stigma, need for a second dose, and cost, while low pricing, community and civil society engagement and heightened public TB awareness were potential enablers in China, India, and South Africa. Potential implementation strategies considered spanned from mass campaigns to integration within existing vaccine programs and the primary target group studied was the general population, and adults and adolescents. In conclusion, future research must have broader geographical representations to better understand what is needed to inform tailored vaccine programs to accommodate diverse country contexts and population groups to achieve optimal implementation and impact. Furthermore, this review underscores the scarcity of research on acceptability of new and repurposed TB vaccines and their delivery among potential beneficiaries, the most promising implementation strategies, and the health system capabilities necessary for implementation. The absence of this knowledge in these areas emphasizes the crucial need for future research to ensure effective TB vaccine implementation in high burden settings worldwide.

Despite global students' mental health problems being prevalent, adequate attention and resources to treat mental health problems are still lacking. Meanwhile, several studies found that religious commitment and gratitude can play an essential role in addressing the issue of mental health problems. This study explored religious commitment to promote mental health and gratitude as moderating variables to address this gap. This study used the Brief Scale of Mental Health 12, the General Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test (GRAT), and the Religious Commitment Inventory (RCI–10) scales. Data were taken from 320 students of four state Islamic Universities in East Java, Indonesia. This study utilized descriptive and regression analysis techniques. The result of the data analysis demonstrated three main findings as follows. First, the students had a high level of mental health. Second, religious commitment positively affected mental health. Third, gratitude could become a variable that strengthens the relationship between religious commitment and mental health. Research implication in education is attempting to improve mental health among students not merely on the religious commitment but also on emphasizing systematic ways to develop gratitude in students' daily lives as a moderator that plays a role in maintaining the relationship between mental health and religious commitment. This study was based solely on a quantitative approach; therefore, a mixed-method model is recommended for further investigation to understand the process of improving mental health through religious commitment and students' gratitude better.

Many industrial processes have low temperature heat losses and are generally ignored due to the lack of effective heat recovery methods. Ignoring these heat sources can cause heat pollution and damage to the environment. Using the low-temperature organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a good solution to this problem. The main target of this research is to model and analyze the performance of two hybrid systems, gas turbine (GT), steam Turbine (ST) and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with the hybrid GT, ORC and SOFC cycle (SOFC+ GT+ ORC) from the thermodynamic and exergy perspectives. Studies show that the output power of a combined system with a steam cycle is higher than that of a system with an organic Rankine cycle, but this higher output does not necessarily mean that this cycle is better. The use of a steam cycle at a higher power range and higher temperature of the inlet gases of turbine is more justified. The results show that the use of toluene fluid in the organic Rankine cycle among the analyzed fluids produces the most power at the condenser temperature of 319 Kelvin.

Introduction: Garlic (Allium sativum) is widely used as a flavor-enhancing dietary ingredient and exhibits a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of aqueous garlic extract to explore the bioactivity against 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) mediated inflammopathies. Methods: In this study, the antioxidant (DPPH free radical scavenging assay and reducing power assay), anti-inflammatory (hypotonicity-induced hemolysis assay and 15-LOX inhibition assay) and anticoagulation (serine protease inhibition assay and prothrombin time assay) effects of the aqueous garlic extract were investigated. Furthermore, in silico molecular docking and dynamic simulation analysis of reported small compounds of garlic against 15-LOX1 and 15-LOX2 were performed to figure out the most efficient phytochemical ligands and validate the anti-inflammatory potential. Results: The DPPH scavenging effect and the reducing power of the extract were found with the IC50 of 213.87 ± 1.49 μgmL-1 and EC50 of 124.78 ± 3.39 μgmL-1, respectively. In the hypotonicity-induced hemolysis and 15-LOX inhibition assay, the IC50 values were observed as 147.59 ± 2.98 μgmL-1 and 250.05 ± 8.48 μgmL-1, respectively. The extract inhibited serine protease activity with an IC50 of 301.33 ± 1.31 μgmL-1 and prevented blood coagulation for 10.05 ± 0.35 minutes in prothrombin time assay. The in silico study identified Rhamnetin as a potential 15-LOX1 and 15-LOX2 inhibitor, and it exhibited a stable interaction with the targets throughout the 100 ns dynamic simulation. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide molecular insights into garlic’s medicinal properties as well as its bioactive compounds, which can be potential therapeutic interventions for 15-LOX mediated inflammations.

The Indonesian government has provided the LKPP application in procuring goods and services for government agencies. However, several procurement processes at XYZ State University still do not use the LKPP application. Some of the reasons that are often stated are that the goods available in LKPP are not complete and the location of suppliers in LKPP is outside the city and the province. It is required to create an application for them at XYZ State University to promote digitization and transparency in procuring products and services at XYZ University. This application development uses the extreme programming method. This research succeeded in identifying the functionality requirements required in e-purchasing applications. The results of this research were able to realize 91.6% of all the necessary features. Some features that can be recognized include dashboard features, user access rights sharing features, goods/services requirements features, goods/services offering features, goods/services offer approval features, payment features, and specification features. The feature that has not been fulfilled is the direct purchase feature. The applications produced in this research may be adapted at universities or other government agencies.

Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) has long been used in traditional folk medicine to prevent and cure a variety of inflammatory diseases. In this study, the antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging and reducing power), anti-inflammatory activity (RBC Membrane Stabilization and 15-LOX inhibition), and anticoagulation activity (Serin protease inhibition and Prothrombin Time assays) of the methanolic extract of amla were conducted. Amla exhibited a substantial amount of phenolic content (TPC: 663.53 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid content (TFC: 418.89 mg GAE/g). A strong DPPH scavenging effect was observed with an IC50 of 311.31 µg/ml as compared to standard ascorbic acid with an IC50 of 130.53 µg/ml. In reducing power assay, the EC50 value of the extract was found to be 196.20 µg/ml compared to standard ascorbic acid (EC50 = 33.83 µg/ml). The IC50 value of the RBC membrane stabilization and 15-LOX assays was observed as 101.08 µg/ml (IC50 of 58.62 µg/ml for standard aspirin) and 195.98 µg/ml (IC50 of 19.62 µg/ml for standard quercetin), respectively. The extract also strongly inhibited serine protease (trypsin) activity with an IC50 of 505.81 µg/ml (IC50 of 295.44 µg/ml for standard quercetin). The blood coagulation time (PTT) was found to be 11.91 min for amla extract and 24.11 min for standard Warfarin. Thus, the findings of an in vitro study revealed that the methanolic extract of amla contains significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulation activity. Furthermore, in silico docking and simulation of reported phytochemicals of amla with human 15-LOXA and 15-LOXB were carried out to validate the anti-inflammatory activity of amla. In this analysis, epicatechin and catechin showed greater molecular interaction and were considerably stable throughout the 100 ns simulation with 15-lipoxygenase A (15-LOXA) and 15-lipoxygenase B (15-LOXB) respectively.

The research aims to determine the optimal modes of hardfacing when restoring the shafts of electric motors, taking into account the resulting hardness of the deposited layer for further machining. When conducting a full-scale experiment on hardfacing, samples (200 × 100 × 10 mm) of steel 3 were used, which were preliminarily ground. For hardfacing, such hardfacing materials were used as 1/S - 7018, Sv-08G2S.The advantages and disadvantages of various surfacing methods are established. The hardness values of the deposited layer with material 1/S - 7018.1 were determined in manual hardfacing, with Sv08G2S material - in semi-automatic hardfacing in a protective gas environment (CO2 - 100%), with Sv-08G2S material - automatic surfacing under the layer flux. It has been established that the most effective and economical method of surfacing during the restoration of electric motor shafts is a semi-automatic method in a carbon dioxide environment. Regression analysis was used to build a mathematical model for determining the optimal hardfacing modes, taking into account the hardness of the deposited layer. The correlation coefficients are determined, which indicate a strong linear relationship between the hardness of the deposited layer and such technological parameters as current strength, welding arc voltage, and effective power. For the first time, a mathematical model was obtained for the dependence of the hardness of the deposited layer on the technological parameters of the coating - current strength, voltage, and arc power. The existence of a connection between the technological parameters of surfacing has been established.

ABSTRACT: Background: Few evaluations of computer-aided detection (CAD) software for analyzing chest radiographs for tuberculosis have used mycobacterial culture as the reference standard. Methods: Using data from a prospective study of symptomatic adults and household contacts of persons with tuberculosis who were seeking care in Karachi, we evaluated the accuracy of LUNIT INSIGHT version 3.1.0.0 (LUNIT, South Korea) for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis in the triage use case. The reference standard was liquid culture. We estimated the diagnostic accuracy using three developer-recommended threshold scores for tuberculosis: 15, 30, and 45. Results: A total 269 of 2190 (12%) participants had culture-confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis. LUNIT-reported abnormalities of nodule, consolidation, fibrosis, and pleural effusion were more common with culture-confirmed tuberculosis. At the tuberculosis threshold score of 30, sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 87.7% [95% CI: 83.2-91.4%] and 64.3% [62.1-66.4%]. Sensitivity was similar at scores of 15, 88.1% [95% CI: 83.6-91.7%] and 45, 86.6% [82.0 - 90.5%]; and specificity was 57.9% [55.7-60.2%] and 69.9% [67.8-71.9%], respectively. Sensitivity was lower for smear-negative disease, and specificity was lower with increasing age, previous tuberculosis, and decreasing body mass index. Diabetes and tobacco smoking did not modify accuracy. Conclusion: In a population where most tuberculosis was smear-positive, LUNIT-reported radiographic abnormalities were associated with culture-confirmed disease. Manufacturer-recommended threshold scores had limited sensitivity.

Backgrounds: Due to the COVID-19 cases that emerged in Indonesia, the government issued a regulation on community activity restrictions called the Enforcement of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM). This PPKM rule causes the temporary cessation of services for the Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis) at the puskesmas such as prolanis gymnastics activities.As a result, it has a negative impact on the elderly, namely a decrease in physical activity behavior. Objectives:To assess the level of physical activity of the elderly based on age and gender during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods:This study uses a non-experimental descriptive research design with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection has been obtained through the International Physical Activity Quitionaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). The analytical test that has been carried out is using the chi square test. Results:The results of the study reported that around 59.6% of the elderly experienced light physical activity during Covid-19. This shows that the elderly experienced a decrease in physical activity during the Covid-19 period. Conclusion:The Covid-19 pandemic causes the elderly to behave sedentarily and there is no difference in the level of physical activity in the age group and gender of Prolanis participants at the puskesmas.This study found a decrease in physical activity during the Covid-19 pandemic compared to physical activity before the Covid-19 pandemic.

Introduction Across a variety of settings, women in tenuous financial circumstances are drawn to community health work as a way to advance themselves in the context of limited employment options. Female Community Health Workers (CHWs) are often preferred because they can more easily access mothers and children; at the same time, gender norms are at the heart of many of the challenges and inequities that these workers encounter. Here, we explore how these gender roles and a lack of formal worker protections leave CHWs vulnerable to violence and sexual harassment, common occurrences that are frequently downplayed or silenced.Methods We are a group of researchers who work on CHW programmes in a variety of contexts globally. The examples here are drawn from our ethnographic research (participant observation and in-depth interviews).Results CHW work creates job opportunities for women in contexts where such opportunities are extremely rare. These jobs can be a lifeline for women with few other options. Yet the threat of violence can be very real: women may face violence from the community, and some experience harassment from supervisors within health programmes.Conclusion Taking gendered harassment and violence seriously in CHW programmes is critical for research and practice. Fulfilling CHWs’ vision of health programmes that value them, support them and give them opportunities may be a way for CHW programmes to lead the way in gender-transformative labour practices.

Objectives: We applied computer-aided detection (CAD) software for chest X-ray (CXR) analysis to determine if diabetes affects the radiographic presentation of tuberculosis. Methods: From March 2017-July 2018, we consecutively enrolled adults being evaluated for pulmonary tuberculosis in Karachi, Pakistan. Participants had same-day CXR, two sputum mycobacterial cultures, and random blood glucose measurement. We identified diabetes through self-report or glucose >11.1mMol/L. We included participants with culture-confirmed tuberculosis for this analysis. We used linear regression to estimate associations between CAD-reported tuberculosis abnormality score (range 0.00 to 1.00) and diabetes, adjusting for age, body mass index, sputum smear-status, and prior tuberculosis. We also compared radiographic abnormalities between participants with and without diabetes. Results: 63/272 (23%) of included participants had diabetes. After adjustment, diabetes was associated with higher CAD tuberculosis abnormality scores (p

Cryptocurrencies, which are digitally encrypted and decentralized, continue to attract attention of nancial market players across the world. Because of high volatility in cryptocurrency market, predicting price of cryptocurrencies has become one of the most complicated elds in nancial markets. In this paper, we use Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) models to predict price of four well-known cryptocurrencies of Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum(ETH), Litecoin (LTC), and Ripple (XRP). These models are subdivisions of Articial Intelligence, machine learning and data science. The main aim of this paper is to compare the accuracy of above-mentioned models in forecasting time series data, to nd out which model can better predict price in these four cryptocurrencies. 43 variables consisting of 28 technical indicators and t+10 lags were calculated and appended to the Open, High, Low, Close and Volume (OHLCV) data for selected cryptocurrencies. Applying random forest as feature selection, 25 variables werechosen, 24 of them selected as feature (independent variables) and one as a dependent variable. Each attribute value was converted into a relative standard score, followed by Min-max scaling; we compare models and results of Dieblod Mariano test that is used to examine whether the differences in predictive accuracy with these two models are signi cant, reveal that LSTM reaches better accuracy than GRU for BTC and ETH, but both models convey the same accuracy for LTC and XRP.

Abstract Greater stability of low-dimensional halide perovskites as opposed to their three-dimensional counterparts, alongside their high extinction coefficient and thus excellent emission properties, have made them popular candidates for optoelectronic applications. Topological edges are found in two-dimensional perovskites that show distinct electronic properties. In this work, using Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy, performed on butylammonium lead bromide (BA2PbBr4) single crystals with optical bandgap of ~413 nm, we elucidate the electronic response of the edges and their potential impact on photodetector devices. We show that the charge-carriers are accumulated at the edges, increasing with the edge height. Wavelength-dependent surface photovoltage (SPV) measurements reveal that multiple sub-bandgap states exist in BA2PbBr4. As the edge height increases, the SPV amplitude at the edges reduces slightly more as compared to the adjacent regions, known as terraces, indicating relatively less reduction in band-bending at the surface due possibly to increased de-population of electrons from sub-bandgap states in the upper bandgap half. The existence of sub-bandgap states is further confirmed by the observation of below-bandgap emission (absorption) peaks characterised by spectral photoluminescence and photothermal deflection spectroscopy measurements. Finally, we fabricated a photodetector using a millimetre size BA2PbBr4 single crystal. Noticeable broadband photodetection response was observed in the sub-bandgap regions under green and red illumination, which is attributed to the existence of sub-bandgap states. Our observations suggest edge-height dependence of charge-carrier behaviour in BA2PbBr4 single crystals, a potential pathway that can be exploited for efficient broadband photodetector fabrication.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms/distress and posttraumatic stress (PTS) and associated factors among inpatients with COVID-19 before discharge from the hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two teaching referral hospitals in Babol, Iran from July to November 2020. The subjects were inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were clinically stable. Before their discharge from the hospital, the patients completed three questionnaires: demographic data, Brief Symptom Inventory, and Primary Care Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Screen for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5. Results: The subjects were 477 inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 including 40 (8.4%) admitted to intensive care units. Their average age was 60.5±17.9 years; 53.9% were female. Most had symptoms of significant psychological distress (96.0%) and PTS (8.1%) prior to discharge. A higher level of education (-0.18; standard error (SE) = 0.05; p < 0.001) was a negative predictor of psychiatric distress. The admission to intensive care units (0.86; SE = 0.08; p< 0.001) was a positive predictor of psychiatric distress. Conclusions: Most COVID-19 inpatients suffered significant psychiatric distress and PTS symptoms before discharge. Appropriate mental health crisis interventions are recommended for COVID-19 patients during hospitalization.

Abstract Background There are increasing concerns about mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic among seafarers. This study aims to assess the effects of the current global health pandemic on life satisfaction and adverse psychological outcomes among seafarers. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 470 multinational seafarers working on board ships of two international shipping companies were assessed. Mental health outcomes were assessed by the general anxiety disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD-8) questionnaire, and patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) depressive severity score. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association of demographic and work-related variables with mental health outcomes. Results Overall, 439 out of 470 invited seafarers with a mean age of 34.5 (SD: 8.05) years participated in this study (participation rate: 93.4%). The prevalence of anxiety, depressive, and post-traumatic stress symptoms was 12.4, 14.1, and 37.3%, respectively. In the multivariate model, the current vessel’s signing duration was directly associated with the odds of depressive and intrusion symptoms. Moreover, the duration of work per week was inversely associated with hyper-vigilance and avoidance. Also, non-officers, compared to officers, experienced significantly lower anxiety and depressive symptoms, hyper-vigilance, and avoidance. Conclusion The present study revealed a high prevalence of mental health problems among seafarers during the COVID-19 pandemic. We recommend that more evidence is generated regarding psychosocial health issues for this vulnerable occupation.

The authors have determined the economic effect of the introduction of computer-aided design systems for technological preparation processes in the machine-building industry. The research methodology is based on scientific heuristic methods and methods of functional analysis. The consolidated technical and economic indicators of the implementation of CAD TP were obtained, such as the average operating time of the system, the cost of CAD, capital investments, annual operating costs, the expected annual economic effect, the coefficient of economic efficiency, payback period. A methodology has been developed for calculating the economic effect from the introduction of CAD of technological processes, which differs from the methods by the lack of comparability of options for the identity of the results in the form of specific products. The author's vision of the terms of the economic effect from the introduction of CAD TP at mechanical engineering enterprises is proposed. The presented calculation method can be used in practice to determine the effectiveness of the creation and implementation of applied software products. The practical significance of the study lies in the adaptation of the software developed by the authors at machine-building enterprises. In the course of the research, the software was successfully tested and adapted, which is confirmed by the received certificates of implementation and title deeds. The duration of work during the technological preparation of those solved manually is 3.5 times longer than when working on a computer.

This study aims to determine the effect of e-service quality on customer e-satisfaction, the effect of e-trust on customer e-satisfaction, the effect of e-service quality on customer e-loyalty, the effect of e-trust on customer e-loyalty and finally, the effect of e-satisfaction on online shop customer e-loyalty. The type of research used in this research is correlational research with a quantitative approach and testing the research hypothesis was carried out by using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) approach based on Partial Least Square (PLS). The sample or respondent used in this study is 432 consumers of online shops in Banten, Indonesia. The results show that E-Service Quality had positive but not significant effect on E-Satisfaction, E-Trust had a positive but not significant effect to E-Satisfaction, E-Service Quality had a positive but not significant effect towards E-Loyalty, E-Trust had a negative but not significant effect to E-Satisfaction and finally E-Satisfaction had a positive but not significant effect on E-Loyalty.

Pakistan, along with Afghanistan, is one of two countries where wild poliovirus is still endemic. Frontline workers (FLWs) are the staff most intimately familiar with both implementation challenges and community context. Harnessing their expertise may be a way to improve the community-polio program interface, which has been a persistent and shifting challenge in polio-endemic areas of both countries. From 2020-2022, we engaged frontline workers in 18 Super High-Risk Union Councils (SHRUCs) in Pakistan through a Human-Centered Design ideas competition. In that competition, teams of polio FLWs identified the most significant barriers they faced in conducting their work, and suggested solutions to those problems-a window into the issues the program faces by the people who know it best. The suggestions of FLWs on how to eradicate polio fell into four main categories. First, there were suggestions to tackle community fatigue by reducing touchpoints, particularly visits solely for data collection. Second, there were calls to improve Primary Health Care in SHRUCs, as a way of addressing community frustrations over an intense focus on just one disease in the context of numerous acute needs. Third, there were suggested ways to increase community engagement through locally relevant channels. Finally, many workers suggested improvements to Human Resources processes and workplace dynamics. Across these ideas, one repeated concept is the need for balance between the intensity of polio activities required for eradication and the provision of other government services, including health services. FLWs engaged the process deeply, providing well thought out problem statements and ideas for change. It is our view that there is no one more qualified to speak to the issues on the ground than FLWs. There are critical insights available if we listen to people who are instrumental to the success of health programs, but not commonly involved with creating policy.

In this research, the thermal analysis of additive fabrication by DMLS method has been investigated. In the DMLS method, the metal powder is melted by a laser heat source and finally a solid three-dimensional piece is formed. This analysis was performed by finite element method in Abaqus software. Laser heat distribution is considered Gaussian. The mechanical and thermal properties of the powder are considered as a function of melting temperature. Finally, the results obtained by the finite element method are compared with previous researches. The effects of laser speed and power on temperature distribution have also been investigated.

Abstract Background We aimed to evaluate the effect of cranberry supplementation on serum liver enzymes, hepatic steatosis, and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD). Methods In the present parallel-designed randomized controlled clinical trial, 110 patients with NAFLD were enrolled. The patients were randomized to receive 144 mg cranberry capsule or placebo for 6 months. The primary efficacy of the treatment was lipid profile, glycemic measurements, and liver enzyme levels. Results The data were reported for 46 in the supplementation group and 48 in the placebo group. The patient’s mean (SD) age was 43.16 (11.08) years. No significant differences between groups were observed regarding the post-intervention level of liver enzyme. The mean after-intervention levels of total cholesterol (p

Abstract Sjogren's syndrome is an inflammatory disease affecting many systems. We report a Sjogren case with the presenting feature of an acute motor‐predominant polyneuropathy resembling Guillain–Barre syndrome. Upon further investigation, it was found that the patient had sicca symptoms for months. Scrupulous history should be taken to prevent a missed diagnosis.

Introduction Tobacco smoking among tuberculosis (TB) patients leads to poorer treatment outcomes. Smoking cessation support should be integrated into routine TB care. We measured healthcare providers’ fidelity to a smoking cessation intervention integrated into routine TB care, in Bangladesh and Pakistan. We aimed to understand the role of providers and settings in the implementation of behavior support (BS) messages for TB and smoking cessation. Methods The integrated BS intervention was implemented in TB clinics (24 public and 1 private). Cross-sectional data were collected on the fidelity of delivery of the BS intervention using a predefined fidelity index based on an existing validated method of measuring intervention fidelity. Audio-recordings of patientprovider BS sessions were coded using the fidelity index. Intervention fidelity was presented as the proportion of sessions that implemented BS messages. Results A total of 96 sessions were conducted, 37 in Bangladesh and 59 in Pakistan. In public settings, TB medication advice was offered in 91.9% (95% CI: 78.7– 97.2) of sessions in Bangladesh, and in 75.5% (95% CI: 62.4–85.1) of sessions in Pakistan; whilst it was offered in 83.3% (95% CI: 43.7–97.0) of sessions in the private setting in Pakistan. Patients’ smoking status was assessed in 70.3% (95% CI: 54.2–82.5) of sessions in Bangladesh, and in 34.0% (95% CI: 22.7–47.4) of sessions in the public setting and in 66.7% (95% CI: 30.0–90.3) of sessions in the private setting in Pakistan. A quit date was set in 32.4% (95% CI: 19.6–48.5) of all sessions in Bangladesh, and in 33.3% (95% CI: 9.6–70.0) of all sessions in the public setting in Pakistan. Conclusions Fidelity to the intended delivery of the intervention was found to be high for TB-related messages but not for smoking cessation messages. Clinic contexts may play a mediating role in health workers’ opportunities to deliver the intervention as planned. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomized Clinical Trial Number (ISRCTN43811467). Registered 23 March 2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/ ISRCTN43811467

Abstract Background The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was emergency turned into global public health after the first patients were detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The disease rapidly expanded and led to an epidemic throughout China, followed by the rising number of cases worldwide. Given the high prevalence of COVID-19, rapid and accurate diagnostic methods are immediately needed to identify, isolate and treat the patients as soon as possible, decreasing mortality rates and the risk of public contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2). Methods This case-control study was conducted in two hospitals in Alborz Province in Iran. All recruited cases in this study were symptomatic adults hospitalized as COVID-19 patients with compatible Computed tomographic (CT) scan findings and available rRT-PCR results. The patients were recruited in this study. The patients were categorized into positive and negative rRT-PCR groups and evaluated for symptoms, initial vital signs, comorbidity, clinical and laboratory findings. Finally, the results were assessed by SPSS software. Results Between March 5 to April 5, 2020, 164 symptomatic COVID-19 patients were studied. In total, there were 111 rRT-PCR positive (67.6%) and 53 rRT-PCR negative patients (32.4%). In terms of statistics, the frequency of symptoms revealed no difference, except for cough (P.V:0.008), dizziness (PV: 0.048), and weakness (P.V:0.022). Among initial vital signs, PR (P.V:0.041) and O2 Saturation (PV: 0.014) were statistically different between the two groups. Evaluation of comorbidities revealed no difference except for hyperlipidemia (P.V:0.024). In the comparison of laboratory findings, only WBC count (PV: 0.001), lymphocyte count (PV: 0.001), and Hb (P.V:0.008) were statistically different between the two groups. Conclusion In case of the negative rRT-PCR result, it is necessary to take a logical approach, and we recommended that the physician decides according to clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and positive CT results.

Objectives: The comprehensive in silico study aims to figure out the most effective aromatic phytochemical ligands among a number from a library, considering their pharmacokinetic effi¬cacies in blocking angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptorsevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) S protein complex formation as part of a target-specific drug designing. Materials and Methods: A library of 57 aromatic pharmacophore phytochemical ligands was prepared from where the top five ligands depending on Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR)-based pharmacokinetic properties were considered. The selected ligands were optimized for commenc¬ing molecular docking and dynamic simulation as a complex with the ACE2 receptor to compare their blocking efficacy with the control drug. The ligandreceptor complexes accuracy in prevent¬ing the Spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 penetration inside the host cells has been analyzed through hydrogenhydrophobic bond interactions, principal component analysis (PCA), root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), and B-Factor. Advanced in silico program¬ming language and bioanalytical software were used for high throughput and authentic results. Results: ADMET and QSAR revealed Rhamnetin, Lactupicrin, Rhinacanthin D, Flemiflavanone D, and Exiguaflavanone A as the ligands of our interest to be compared with the control Cassiarin D. According to the molecular docking binding affinity to block ACE2 receptor, the efficiency mount¬ings were Rhinacanthin D > Flemiflavanone D > Lactupicrin > Exiguaflavanone A > Rhamnetin. The binding affinity of the Cassiarin DACE2 complex was (−10.2 KJ/mol) found inferior to the Rhinacanthin DACE2 complex (−10.8 KJ/mol), referring to Rhinacanthin D as a more stable candi¬date to use as drugs. The RMSD values of proteinligand complexes evaluated according to their structural conformation and stable binding pose ranged between 0.1~2.1 Å. The B-factor showed that very few loops were present in the protein structure. The RMSF peak fluctuation regions ranged 5250, predicting efficient ligandreceptor interactions. Conclusion: The experiment sequentially measures all the parameters required in referring to any pharmacophore as a drug, considering which all aromatic components analyzed in the study can strongly be predicted as target-specific medication against the novel coronavirus 2019 infection. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8(1.000): 24-35]

Bryophytes are small, non-vascular, and non-flowering plants. Neckera complanata (Hedw.) Huebener and Neckera crispa Hedew.are one of the most prominent species in the Hyrcanian wetland found in glossy pale or yellowish-green patches. There is no evidence for morphometry and isoenzymes biochemical markers (Peroxidase/Superoxide dismutase) works on this genus in Iran. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences and similarities among Neckera complanata and Neckera crispa moss populations in the north of Iran using morphometry and isoenzymes biochemical markers (Peroxidase / Superoxide dismutase). For this purpose, 18 populations from three provinces including Golestan, Mazandaran, and Guilan were collected at the same altitudes in autumn 2017. The results of morphometry were shown leaf length and leaf apex width/length were the most effective traits for the separation of populations. The results of the morphometry method and the results of isozyme banding patterns were the same, although very minor differences were observed. The largest diversity of Shannon (H́) belongs to the population of Neckera crispa from Hezarjarib while other populations have low genetic diversity. Because of the destruction of many habitats in the northern provinces of Iran and the increase in pollution in these areas, it can be said as a general result that perhaps the reason for low genetic diversity in Neckera complanata and Neckera crispa populations is the gradual extinction of these two species.

Paspalum is one the largest genera of Poaceae in tropical and subtropical habitats from sandy coastal zone to salt marshes. In Iran, there is only two species mainly distributed in southern coasts of the Caspian Sea. These are cold and flood resistant plants and are cultivated as turf grass. The flooding and drought caused some anatomical modifications in this genus. In this project, for the first time in Iran, Paspalum is studied morphologically, micro-morphologically and anatomically. Studies were done on 11 natural accessions by use of qualitative and quantitative features. Multivariate statistical analyses including principle component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis by WARD method were done. Leaf, lemma and palea studies by scanning electron microscope showed salt galnds on dorsal epidermis. Results of this study showed that selected morphological and anatomical features are capable of species separation.

Over the past two decades, we have witnessed the increasing use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the field of ocular oncology. Based on a review of the literature and our own experience, we herein review the role of PDT for the management of intraocular tumors. The discussion includes two main topics. First, we discuss the application of PDT for benign tumors, including circumscribed choroidal hemangioma, choroidal osteoma, retinal astrocytoma, retinal capillary hemangioma (retinal hemangioblastoma), and retinal vasoproliferative tumor. Second, we assess the role of PDT for malignant tumors, including choroidal melanoma and choroidal metastasis.

Background: Excessive and irrational use of antibiotics in the treatment of acute diarrhea has caused increased resistance to these medications. It is well defined that most cases of diarrhea in children do not require the use of antibiotics. This study was aimed to determine the status of antibiotic administration for treatment of acute diarrhea in children younger than five years. All who admitted at the pediatric ward of Besat Hospital in Sanandaj. Methods: First, the study was approved by the ethics committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. The archived files of all children under 5 years with a positive history acute diarrhea who were admitted in Besat Hospital of Sanandaj during the period of 1 years, from May 2016 to May 2016 were reviewed. Demographic information such as age, gender, type of diarrhea, type of nutrition, type of the prescribed antibiotic, results of the stool and blood samples were collected and recorded in the questionnaire.In Stool samples the contained a large number of WBCs and RBCs along with high fever, Shigellosis were considered. The results were analyzed by SPSS software, version 23 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: A total of 1,029 cases were reviewed. 60% were boys. The highest incidence of diarrhea (75.5%) was observed at 12-24 months and the lowest rate of diarrhea was under 6 months (11.5%). The frequency of diarrhea was lower in winter than in other seasons. Only 31.49% of children received proper and rational treatment with antibiotics. The most commonly used antibiotics in hospitalized patients were ceftriaxone (94.5%) and before hospitalization was cefixime (39.5%). Based on the results of this study, it was found that 66.13% of children younger than 5 years with acute diarrhea had appropriate treatment. 31.94% of patients had inappropriate antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: In most cases of acute diarrhea in children, no evidence of bacterial or parasitic infection was found. However, a high percentage of patients received antibiotics without laboratory evidence (stool testing).

Purpose: To report ciliary body seeding 20 years after pars plana transvitreal fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of choroidal melanoma. Case Report: 67-year-old man with choroidal melanoma in left eye was previously managed with pars plana FNAB using a 25-gauge needle followed by plaque radiotherapy. Twenty years later, choroidal melanoma was regressed but there was a small flat focus of scleral pigment 3.0mm from the limbus at the FNAB site. Ultrasound biomicroscopy showed a contiguous ciliary body mass measuring 3.1mm in thickness. Tumor seeding in the anterior chamber angle was noted inferiorly. These findings suggested melanoma recurrence along the needle tract. Treatment was performed with Iodine-125 radioactive plaque covering entire anterior segment and ciliary body recurrence. The tumor regressed to 2.2mm over one year. Conclusion: Pars plana transvitreal FNAB of choroidal melanoma resulted in needle tract seeding in ciliary body and episcleral region 20 years later.

Abstract This study discusses the management of a pregnant woman with PPROM and a history of lupus. She was found to be severely thrombocytopenic which was unresponsive to prednisolone. During cesarean section, placental abruption was found and postpartum hemorrhage ensued.

Bridge infrastructures are critical nodes in a transportation network. In earthquake-prone areas, seismic performance assessment of infrastructure is essential to identify, retrofit, reconstruct, or, if necessary, demolish the infrastructure systems based on optimal decision-making processes. As one of the crucial components of the transportation network, any bridge failure would impede the post-earthquake rescue operation. Not only the failure of such high-risk critical components during an extreme event can lead to significant direct damages, but it also affects the transportation road network. The consequences of these secondary effects can easily lead to congestion and long queues if the performance of the transportation system before or after an event was not analyzed. These indirect losses can be more prominent compared to the actual damage to bridges. This paper brings about seismic performance assessment for the Cyprus transportation network from which the decision-making platform can be modeled and implemented. This study employs a seismic hazard analysis based on generated USGS ShakeMap scenarios for the risk assessment of the transportation network. Furthermore, identification of the resiliency and vulnerability of the transportation road network is carried out by utilizing the graph theory concept at the network level. Moreover, link performance measures, i.e., traffic modeling of the study region is simulated in a dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) simulation environment. Finally, for earthquake loss analysis of the bridges, the HAZUS loss estimation tool is used. The results of our investigations for three different earthquake scenarios have shown that seismic retrofitting of bridges is a cost-effective measure to reduce the structural and operational losses in the region.

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak terapi Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) terhadap penurunan level agresifitas pada remaja warga binaan di lembaga pembinaan khusus anak. Subjek penelitian adalah enam belas remaja warga binaan lembaga pembinaan Khusus anak kelas I Blitar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif eksperimen dengan rancangan eksperimen one group pretest-posttest. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan skala agresifitas Buzz Perry untuk mengukur perubahan yang terjadi setelah pemberian tritmen. Hasil uji beda dua berpasangan didapatkan nilai asymp. Sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0, 030. Karena nilai signifikansi 0, 030 0, 05, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada pengisian kuesioner agresifitas skala agresifitas Buzz Perry pada pengisian sebelum dan setelah pemberian perlakuan. Hasil uji juga menunjukkan korelasi antara dua variabel adalah sebesar 0, 168. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa korelasi antara sebelum dan sesudah diberikan tritmen berhubungan secara nyata atau adanya korelasi positif yang lemah. Secara garis besar dapat disimpulkan bahwa terapi Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT ) berpengaruh terhadap penurunan agresifitas Remaja warga binaan Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA) Kelas I Blitar.

Melanocytoma is a deeply pigmented variant of melanocytic nevus that classically occurs in the optic disk, sometimes with contiguous involvement of the adjacent retina or choroid. Historically, this tumor was often confused with malignant melanoma both clinically and histopathologically. Today, however, it is generally recognized by its typical clinical features that differ from most melanomas and erroneous enucleation is rarely done. Histopathologically, melanocytoma is composed of intensely pigmented round to oval nevus cells with benign features. Although traditionally believed to be a relatively stationary lesion, it is now known to exhibit minor enlargement in 10--15% of cases and can cause minor visual loss by a variety of mechanisms. In rare instance, it can induce severe visual loss due to spontaneous necrosis of the lesion or compressive optic neuropathy. More importantly, it can exhibit malignant transformation into melanoma in 1--2% of cases. Ophthalmologists should be familiar with melanocytoma of the optic disk and affected patients should be followed periodically.

Happiness is the universal concept that is widely studied in psychology based on the perspective and value of Western society by using a variety of selfreport methods. But, there is still a limited number of research trying to present and develop the concept of happiness of Eastern society who are noted with spiritual aspects, particulary the sufis. This article is a study about Al-Ghazali’s Sufism Happiness Inventory (ASHI), which is a measure of valid and reliable happiness for Sufis aged 20-60 years. It was piloted project and developed to measure four happiness aspects i.e. consciousness of self, consciousness of Allah, consciousness of the world, and consciousness of the hereafter. The result of validity test obtained by 30 respondents confirmed ASHI’s poin validity and r value (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) was 0,361-0,646 with 27 valid items. Futhermore, The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was 0,837, which confirmed the scale’s internal consistency reliability. Therefore, ASHI could be used to measure the effect of psychoterapy and its influence to happiness of sufi.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak terapi REBT berbasis Sufistik dalam menurunkan tingkat prokrastinasi akademik pada mahasiswa di IAIN Tulungagung. Subjek penelitian adalah 36 Mahasiswa dari seluruh fakultas di IAIN Tulungagung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif eksperimen dengan rancangan eksperimen one group pretest-posttest.design. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan skala prokrastinasi akademik yang dikembangkan oleh Mccloskey, untuk mengukur perubahan yang terjadi setelah pemberian tritmen. Hasil uji independent sample T- Test untuk N Gain score didapatkan nilai sig (2-Tailed) sebesar 0, 000 dimana lebih kecil dari nilaik kritik 0, 05 (sig. < 0, 05) . Dengan demikian dapat dinyatakan bahwa terapi Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy berbasis sufistik efektif dalam menurunkan tingkat prokrastinasi mahasiswa IAIN Tulungagung

In this research we studied the electrophoretic of seed storage proteins in the genus Hypericum L. from Iran. The plant samples were collected from various phytogeographical regions of Iran to study the seed storage proteins. The study was performed to determine the boundary among different species of genus Hypericum using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). All samples belong to three species of H. perforatum, H. tetrapterum and H. androsaemum. A total of 22 protein bands were observed in the studied species. The results show that H. perforatum, H. tetrapterum are closely related based on seed storage proteins. A closely relationship and high protein similarity (J=0.66) were found between H. perforatum, H. tetrapterum. Electophoretic results compared with earlier molecular and morphological studies. The highest number of bands was observed in Kordkoy1 population (Pop12) and Gardane heyran population (Pop20) of H. perforatum and the lowest in Gorgan/Naharkhoran population (Pop 25) of H. androsaemum. Our results showed the species of Hypericum were placed intermixed. The aim of this study to delimit species in the genus Hypericum and used these seeds storage protein for the correct identification.