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Bio-Oss (Geistlich) is composed of anorganic bovine bone and has been widely used in several bone regeneration procedures during oral surgery. However, how this biomaterial enhances osteoblast activity to promote bone formation is not completely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small, functional, noncoding RNAs of 19 to 23 nucleotides that regulate the transcription of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in proteins. In this study, the miRNA microarray technique was used to investigate translation regulation in an osteoblast-like cell line (MG63) exposed to Bio-Oss. Nine up-regulated miRNAs (mir-423, mir-492, mir-191, mir-23a, mir-377, mir-494, mir- 214, mir-193b, mir-320) and 4 down-regulated miRNAs (mir-27a, mir-24, mir-188, let-7c) were identified. Because each miRNA regulates 100 mRNAs, only mRNAs related to bone formation were analyzed. The vast majority of detected mRNAs are down-regulated, including some homeobox genes (genes that regulate the morphogenesis of an entire segment of the body), such as noggin and EN1. An indirect positive effect was demonstrated on bone morphogenetic protein-4. To the authors' knowledge, the data reported here are the first on translation regulation in osteoblasts exposed to Bio-Oss. This study may be relevant in better understanding the molecular mechanism of bone regeneration and used as a potential tool for analyzing the combined use of cytokines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: PerioGlas® (PG) is an alloplastic material that has been used for grafting periodontal osseous defects since the 1990s. In animal models, it has been proven that PG achieves histologically good repairs of surgically created defects. In clinical trials, PG is effective as an adjunct to conventional surgery in the treatment of intrabony defects; however, how PG alters osteoblast activity to promote bone formation is poorly understood. We therefore attempted to address this question by using microRNA (miRNA) microarray techniques to investigate the translation process in osteoblasts exposed to PG. Materials and Methods: By using miRNA microarrays containing 329 probes designed from human miRNA sequences, we identified several miRNA whose expression was significantly modified in osteoblast-like cell lines (MG-63) cultured with PG. Results: There were ten up-regulated miRNA (mir-337, mir-377, mir-9, mir-516, mir-515-3p, mir-496, mir-200b, mir-489, mir-25, mir-423) and two down-regulated miRNA (mir-26a, mir-30d). Conclusion: PG acts on miRNAs, which in turn regulate several messengers. Among them there are mRNAs related to bone formation and skeletal and cartilage development. The vast majority of detected genes are down-regulated, and some are homeobox genes like NOG, EN1, and CHRD. Other down-regulated genes are receptors (like GHRHR) and extracellular matrix proteins (like COMP). Although the exact mechanism of PG action on osteoblasts is still incompletely understood, these data demonstrate that PG has not only an osteoconductive effect, but also regulates bone formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous polyethylene (PP or Medpor®) is an alloplastic material worldwide used for craniofacial reconstruction. Although several clinical studies are available, there is a lack as regard the genetic effects. Because PP is always fixed on bone and the mechanism by which PP acts on osteoblasts is unknown, we therefore attempted to address this question by using microRNA microarray techniques to investigate the translation regulation in osteoblasts exposed to PP. The miRNA oligonucleotide microarray provides a novel method to carry out genome-wide microRNA profiling in human samples. By using miRNA microarrays containing 329 probe designed from Human miRNA sequence, we identified in osteoblast-like cells line (MG-63) cultured with Medpor® (Porex Corporation, Fairburn, Georgia, USA) several miRNA which expression is significantly modified. We identified 16 up-regulated miRNA (i.e. mir-337, mir-515-3p, mir-377, mir-153, mir-367, mir-152, let-7b, mir-92, mir-155, mir-424, mir-148b, mir-368, mir-18b, mir-520d, mir-20b, mir-128a) and 2 down-regulated miRNA (i.e. mir-143, mir-32). The data reported are, to our knowledge, the first study on translation regulation in osteoblasts exposed to PP. They can be relevant to better understand the molecular mechanism of bone regeneration and as a model for comparing other materials with similar clinical effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonsyndromic orofacial cleft (OFC) derives from an embryopathy with failure of the nasal processes and/or fusion of the palatal shelves. This severe birth defect is one of the most common malformations among live births. Human cleft is composed of two separate entities: cleft of the lip with or without palate (CL±P) and cleft palate only (CPO). Both have a genetic origin, whereas environmental factors contribute to these congenital malformations. In this review we analyze the role of drugs related to the onset of cleft. The data were obtained from (i) epidemiologic studies (ii) animal models and (iii) human genetic investigations. These studies have demonstrated a relation between certain drugs (steroids and anticonvulsants) taken during pregnancy and a higher risk of generating offspring with OFC whereas no clear relation has been demonstrated between aspirin and OFC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: PerioGlas (PG) is an alloplastic material that has been used for grafting periodontal osseous defects since the 1990s. In animal models, it has been proven that PG achieves histologically good repairs of surgically created defects. In clinical trials, PG is effective as an adjunct to conventional surgery in the treatment of intrabony defects; however, how PG alters osteoblast activity to promote bone formation is poorly understood. We therefore attempted to address this question by using microRNA (miRNA) microarray techniques to investigate the translation process in osteoblasts exposed to PG., Materials and Methods: By using miRNA microarrays containing 329 probes designed from human miRNA sequences, we identified several miRNA whose expression was significantly modified in osteoblast-like cell lines (MG-63) cultured with PG., Results: There were ten up-regulated miRNA (mir-337, mir-377, mir-9, mir-516, mir-515-3p, mir-496, mir-200b, mir-489, mir-25, mir-423) and two down-regulated miRNA (mir-26a, mir-30d)., Conclusion: PG acts on miRNAs, which in turn regulate several messengers. Among them there are mRNAs related to bone formation and skeletal and cartilage development. The vast majority of detected genes are down-regulated, and some are homeobox genes like NOG, EN1, and CHRD. Other down-regulated genes are receptors (like GHRHR) and extracellular matrix proteins (like COMP). Although the exact mechanism of PG action on osteoblasts is still incompletely understood, these data demonstrate that PG has not only an osteoconductive effect, but also regulates bone formation.