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Background The aim of this study was to describe, explain, and compare the correlations between workload, job satisfaction, and occupational stress levels in Polish midwives working before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods This study was cross-lagged in nature and conducted in 2 phases at public health facilities. The first phase took place between March and August 2018 before the current pandemic, and the second in February 2021. In total, 133 midwives working before the COVID-19 pandemic and 92 midwives working during the pandemic were surveyed. Results Analysis revealed that working during the pandemic, personal SARS-CoV-2 infection and workload were positive predictors of occupational stress. Midwives working during the pandemic experienced significantly higher levels of occupational stress compared to the period before the pandemic. Job satisfaction was found to be a negative predictor of stress in both groups, and to mediate the correlation between workload and occupational stress. The positive influence of job satisfaction on coping with stress was stronger in the group working during the pandemic. Conclusions Workload increased, and job satisfaction decreased, occupational stress levels in both groups of midwives. The COVID-19 pandemic, directly and indirectly, increased midwives’ occupational stress levels, and reinforced the negative correlation between workload and job satisfaction. The results confirm the important role of working conditions in shaping occupational stress levels. Med Pr. 2021;72(6):623–32

Aim: The aim of the study was to check whether there is a link between perinatal stress events, self-efficacy, and burnout in a group of midwives. According to the Job Demands-Resources model (JD-R model), perinatal stress events may be linked to burnout, and self-efficacy can play a mediating role in this connection. Design: A quantitative longitudinal study. Methods: The research involved 99 midwives working in the Polish public health service. Results: Stepwise regression analysis showed a direct relationship between perinatal stress events and emotional exhaustion (β = 0.12; p = 0.02). The results of mediation analysis suggest that self-efficacy plays the role of mediator in the perinatal stress events – emotional exhaustion relationship (β = -0.12; p < 0.001), and plays the role of suppressive variable in the perinatal stress events – disengagement from work relationship, (β = -0.10; p = 0.008). Seniority acts as a moderator between perinatal stress events and exhaustion in the relationship mediated by self-efficacy (β = 0.07; p = 0.04). Conclusion: The results confirm the assumptions of the JD-R model regarding the link between job demands, job resources, and occupational burnout. Perinatal stress events can be a predictor of exhaustion, especially when combined with low self-efficacy and limited seniority.

Attitudes toward Globalization and Life Satisfaction The Mediating Role of Identity Formation The aim of the research was to describe the relationship between attitudes toward globalization and life satisfaction and identity processes in the group of young adults. The sample included of 403 people at the age of 19–35 (M = 22.84, SD = 2.81), 219 women (54.3%) and 184 men. The relations were measured with the use of three questionnaires: Questionnaire of Attitudes Toward Globalization (Senejko, Łoś, 2016), Questionnaire of Identity Formation by A. Oleszkowicz, A. Słowińska (referring to the Dual-Cycle Model of Identity Formation by Luyckx et al., 2006) and SWLS Questionnaire (Diener et. al., 1985). Data analysis was based on structural equation modeling. The research results indicate a lack of direct relationship between attitudes toward globalization and life satisfaction. It was established that all of the identity processes differentiate the level of life satisfaction. The most powerful predictor of life satisfaction is a refl ective exploration in depth. In the relation of attitudes toward globalization – life satisfaction, identity processes are mediators. The anxiety attitude toward globalization is in strong relationship with ruminative exploration processes. Critical attitude is in relationship with refl ective exploration in breadth and depth and identifi cation with commitment. The accepting attitude is in relationship with a refl ective exploration in breadth and depth.

The aim of article is attempt to answer for the question: what effects does globalization have on the individual self-realization and psychological development? In this paper globalization is understood among others as the process of universalizing economic and social rules. Individual effects of this process are varied. Relationship between globalization and psychological condition of man is theoretically describe by the Model of Experience of Globalization (MDG). Based on the original model was constructed Globalization Experience Scale (SDG). This scale can measure the cognitive and affective reaction to globalization. Globalization Experience Scale (SDG) have a 14 statements which measure the influence of globalization on the three theoretical dimensions of personality: 1) Self-realization and self-creation (development), 2) The psychological safety (safety), 3) The sense of influence on the processes and effects of globalization (influence). Three-factor structure of theoretical model and Scale was confirmed by results of Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Structural equation modeling fit indexes (RMSEA=.024; GFI=.978; AGFI=.956; CFI=.991), Reliability: (Cronbach’s α=.80). The research results indicate that Globalization Experience Scale (SDG) is a useful scale for studying the impact of globalization on the human personality. Key words: globalization, Model of Experience of Globalization, Globalization Experience Scale

The objective of the article is to describe the links between work engagement—the response variable, work satisfaction—the explanatory variable, and sense of coherence, along with resiliency as resources—moderating variables. The theoretical foundations for our hypotheses are Hackman and Oldham’s Job Charcteristics Model, Block and Kremen’s conception of resiliency, Antonovsky’s salutogenesis, the JD-R of relation between work demands and resources and also the model of work engagement in the research of Schaufeli, Salanova, González-romá, and Bakker. Methods: 94 independent workers of Polish branches of international corporations were studied. Work satisfaction was measured using the SSP survey, engagement by UWES, resiliency with SPP-25 and sense of coherence with SOC-29. The recorded results consistent with the theory confirm the posited hypotheses indicating mutual links among the tested variables. For work engagement, of the greatest significance is work satisfaction and sense of coherence, which is a better mediator of work satisfaction in respect of engagement than resiliency. Discussion of the results indicates the accuracy of the study’s theoretical foundations, as well as the need to perform research on a larger sample of new predictors of work engagement.