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8. Ontogenesis of leptin receptor in rat leydig cells

Author

Caprio, M., Fabbrini, E., Ricci, G., Basciani, Sabrina, Gnessi, Lucio, Arizzi, M., Carta, A. R., De Martino, M. U., Isidori, Andrea, Frajese, G. V., Fabbri, A., Caprio, M, Fabbrini, E, Ricci, Giulia, Basciani, S, Gnessi, L, Arizzi, M, Carta, Ar, DE MARTINO, Mu, Isidori, Am, Frajese, Gv, and Fabbri, A.

Subjects
Male, Aging, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Leydig Cells, Receptors, Cell Surface, Embryo, Mammalian, Immunohistochemistry, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Animals, Newborn, Animals, Receptors, Leptin, RNA, Messenger, Sexual Maturation
Abstract

There are still many controversies about the role of leptin in reproductive function and sexual development. We recently demonstrated that leptin receptors are expressed in rodent Leydig cells and that leptin has inhibitory effects on hCG-stimulated testosterone production by adult rat Leydig cells in culture. In this study, we evaluated the expression of leptin receptor (Ob-R) in rat testes from gestational to adult age in comparison with the pattern of expression of relaxin-like factor (RLF), a specific marker of Leydig cell differentiation status. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that, in prenatal life, Ob-R immunoreactivity was absent at early embryonic ages (E14.5) and appeared at a late embryonic age (E19.5); in postnatal life, immunoreactivity was evident only after sexual maturation (35-, 60-, and 90-days old), whereas it was absent in testes from sexually immature rats (7-, 14-, and 21-days old). Immunoreaction was always confined to Leydig cells and no signal of Ob-R was detected within the tubules. The pattern of expression of Ob-R during testicular development was similar with that of RLF immunoreactivity, which was present in mature fetal as well as adult-type Leydig cells. In contrast with the findings in the testis, in the hypothalamus, the immunohistochemical pattern of Ob-R was very similar between pre- and postpubertal life. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction studies showed that Ob-R expression was present in embryonic, prepubertal, and adult rat testes; semiquantitative analysis showed that mRNA levels were much higher in late versus early embryonic testes, as well as in mature adults versus sexually immature testes, with a gradual increase from younger to older ages. Functional studies showed that, while leptin (150 ng/ml) significantly inhibited hCG-stimulated testosterone production in adult rat Leydig cells (46% reduction; P0.01), it did not modify prepubertal rat Leydig cells steroidogenic function in vitro. In conclusion, we showed that, in rat testis, Ob-R expression is characteristic of mature Leydig cells (fetal and adult type) and it is functional in adult but not prepubertal life.

Published
2003

10. Espressione di geni specifici della tiroide nella cute umana

Author

Ulisse, Salvatore, Marchioni, E, Cianfarani, F, Baldini, Enke, Arizzi, M, Moroni, N, Veltri, A, Coletta, I, Di Fiore, A, Teson, M, Odorisio, T, Salvatore, D, Zambruno, G, and D'Armiento, Massimino

Subjects
Espressione genica, Geni specifici della tiroide, TSH receptor, Cute
Published
2005

12. TEM observations on symbionts of Joenia annectens (Flagellata Hypermastigida)

Author

Patricolo, E., Villa, L., and Arizzi, M.

Subjects
Biodiversity, Taxonomy
Abstract

Patricolo, E., Villa, L., Arizzi, M. (2001): TEM observations on symbionts of Joenia annectens (Flagellata Hypermastigida). Journal of Natural History 35 (4): 471-480, DOI: 10.1080/00222930151098134, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222930151098134

Published
2001

36. TEM observations on symbionts of Joenia annectens(Flagellata Hypermastigida).

Author

Patricolo, E., Villa, L., and Arizzi, M.

Subjects
FLAGELLATA, MICROORGANISM morphology, TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
Abstract

Transmission electron microscopy was used to evaluate the ultrastructural morphology of some other symbiotic prokaryotes of Joenia annectens, an intestinal flagellate of the termite Kalotermes flavicollis. Three morphotypes are predominant and recognizable from their morphological characteristics. One morphotype is represented by spirochaetes that are mainly external and cover the flagellate, helping its movement. Rod-shaped bacteria, which represent the second morphotype, are also attached to the surface among the spirochaetes. Rod-shaped bacteria and some spirochaetes may enter the cell surface of Joenia annectensas a consequence of phagocytosis, remaining enclosed in an envelope of plasma membrane. A nutritive role of rod-shaped bacteria in this symbiotic association is suggested. A third, different morphotype of prokaryotes is represented by roundish microorganisms which, gathered together with other cytoplasmic organules, form a large collar, encircling the axostyle; their function is still unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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42. Detection of 28 and 65 kDa proteins in Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex-infected human macrophages

Author

Ippoliti, F., Fattorini, L., Damiani, G., Santoro, C., Arizzi, M., Xiao, Y., and Orefici, G.

Subjects
Mycobacterium avium complex -- Physiological aspects, Heat shock proteins -- Physiological aspects
Abstract

AUTHORS: F. Ippoliti 1, L. Fattorini 2, G. Damiani 3, C. Santoro 2, M. Arizzi 1, Y. Xiao 2 and G. Orefici 2. 1La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; 2Istituto Superiore [...]

Published
1993

43. The rapid spread of SARS-COV-2 Omicron variant in Italy reflected early through wastewater surveillance

Author

La Rosa, G., Iaconelli, M., Veneri, C., Mancini, P., Bonanno Ferraro, G., Brandtner, D., Lucentini, L., Bonadonna, L., Rossi, M., Grigioni, M., Suffredini, E., Giuseppe, Bucciarelli, Paolo, Torlontano, Giuseppe, Michele La Bianca, Rosa Anna Cifarelli, Achille, Palma, Giovanna La Vecchia, Giuseppe, Lauria, Rosanna, Brienza, Patrizia, Montenegro, Angelo, D'Argenzio, Luigi, Cossentino, Renato, Olivares, Antonio, Pizzolante, Giovanna, Fusco, Alessandra, Tosco, Amalia, Porta, Francesca, Pennino, Triassi, Maria, Paola, Angelini, Laura De Lellis, Daniele, Nasci, Giovanni, Alborali, Nicoletta, Formenti, Flavia, Guarneri, Nadia, Fontani, Giulia, Nani, Franca, Palumbo, Gianluca, Borlone, Marco, Guercio, Lisa, Gentili, Marika, Mariuz, Gabriella, Trani, Anna, Pariani, Carla, Ancona, Doriana Antonella Giorgi, Irene, Ferrante, Monica, Monfrinotti, Silvia, Riosa, Valeria, Capparuccini, Maria Teresa Scicluna, Antonella, Mariaconcetta, Arizzi, Giancarlo, Cecchini, Claudio, Ottaviano, Elena, Nicosia, Elena, Grasselli, Giorgia, Allaria, Alberto, Izzotti, Stefano, Rosatto, Emanuela, Ammoni, Danilo, Cereda, Marina Nadia Losio, Barbara, Bertasi, Andrea, Aliscioni, Desdemona, Oliva, Sara, Castiglioni, Silvia, Schiarea, Ettore, Zuccato, Manuela, Antonelli, Arianna, Azzellino, Francesca, Malpei, Andrea, Turolla, Sandro, Binda, Pellegrinelli, Laura, Valeria, Primache, Clementina, Cocuzza, Andrea, Franzetti, Giorgio, Bertanza, Maria Luisa Callegari, Luigi, Bolognini, Fabio, Filippetti, Marta, Paniccia, Francesca, Ciuti, Sara, Briscolini, Silvia, Magi, Michele, Colitti, Carmen, Montanaro, Giuseppe, Aprea, Maria Grazia Cerroni, Bartolomeo, Griglio, Renza, Berruti, Mauro, Cravero, Angela, Costa, Manila, Bianchi, Lucia, Decastelli, Angelo, Romano, Fabio, Zuccon, Elisabetta, Carraro, Cristina, Pignata, Silvia, Bonetta, Giuseppe Di Vittorio, Onofrio, Mongelli, Osvalda De Giglio, Francesca, Apollonio, Francesco, Triggiano, Maria Teresa Montagna, Nicola, Ungaro, Mario, Palermo, Carmelo Massimo Maida, Walter, Mazzucco, Simona De Grazia, Giovanni, Giammanco, Giuseppa, Purpari, Margherita, Ferrante, Antonella, Agodi, Martina, Barchitta, Piergiuseppe, Cala’, Carducci, Annalaura, Verani, Marco, Federigi, Ileana, Giulia, Lauretani, Sara, Muzio, Matteo, Ramazzotti, Alberto, Antonelli, Enrica, Ricci, Giovanni, Santoro, Ermanno, Federici, Maya, Petricciuolo, Sofia, Barigelli, Mauro, Ruffier, Francesca, Borney, Eric, Grange, Florida, Damasco, Francesca, Russo, Gisella, Pitter, Vanessa, Groppi, Franco, Rigoli, Marco, Zampini, Tatjana, Baldovin, Irene, Amoruso, Elena, Mengon, Maria, Cadonna, Mattia, Postinghel, Francesco, Pizzo, Alessandra, Schiavuzzi, Francesca, Cutrupi, Paola, Foladori, Serena, Manara, Lorella, Zago, Alberta, Stenico, Anna-Maria, Prast., La Rosa, G, Iaconelli, M, Veneri, C, Mancini, P, Bonanno Ferraro, G, Brandtner, D, Lucentini, L, Bonadonna, L, Rossi, M, Grigioni, M, Suffredini, E, Bucciarelli, G, Torlontano, P, Aprea, G, La Bianca, M, Cifarelli, R, Palma, A, La Vecchia, G, Lauria, G, Brienza, R, Montenegro, P, D'Argenzio, A, Cossentino, L, Olivares, R, Pizzolante, A, Fusco, G, Tosco, A, Porta, A, Pennino, F, Maria, T, Angelini, P, De Lellis, L, Nasci, D, Alborali, G, Formenti, N, Guarneri, F, Fontani, N, Nani, G, Palumbo, F, Borlone, G, Guercio, M, Gentili, L, Mariuz, M, Trani, G, Pariani, A, Ancona, C, Giorgi, D, Ferrante, I, Monfrinotti, M, Riosa, S, Capparuccini, V, Scicluna, M, Cersini, A, Arizzi, M, Cecchini, G, Ottaviano, C, Nicosia, E, Grasselli, E, Allaria, G, Izzotti, A, Rosatto, S, Ammoni, E, Cereda, D, Losio, M, Bertasi, B, Aliscioni, A, Oliva, D, Castiglioni, S, Schiarea, S, Zuccato, E, Antonelli, M, Azzellino, A, Malpei, F, Turolla, A, Binda, S, Laura, P, Primache, V, Cocuzza, C, Franzetti, A, Bertanza, G, Callegari, M, Bolognini, L, Filippetti, F, Paniccia', M, Ciuti, F, Briscolini, S, Magi, S, Colitti, M, Montanaro, C, Cerroni, M, Griglio, B, Berruti, R, Cravero, M, Costa, A, Bianchi, M, Decastelli, L, Romano, A, Zuccon, F, Carraro, E, Pignata, C, Bonetta, S, Di Vittorio, G, Mongelli, O, De Giglio, O, Apollonio, F, Triggiano, F, Montagna, M, Ungaro, N, Palermo, M, Maida, C, Mazzucco, W, De Grazia, S, Giammanco, G, Purpari, G, Ferrante, M, Agodi, A, Barchitta, M, Cala', P, Carducci, A, Verani, M, Federigi, I, Lauretani, G, Muzio, S, Ramazzotti, M, Antonelli, A, Ricci, E, Santoro, G, Federici, E, Petricciuolo, M, Barigelli, S, Ruffier, M, Borney, F, Grange, E, Damasco, F, Russo, F, Pitter, G, Groppi, V, Rigoli, F, Zampini, M, Baldovin, T, Amoruso, I, Mengon, E, Cadonna, M, Postinghel, M, Pizzo, F, Schiavuzzi, A, Cutrupi, F, Foladori, P, Manara, S, Zago, L, Stenico, A, Prast, A, La Rosa G., Iaconelli M., Veneri C., Mancini P., Bonanno Ferraro G., Brandtner D., Lucentini L., Bonadonna L., Rossi M., Grigioni M., Bucciarelli G., Torlontano P., Aprea G., La Bianca M., Cifarelli R.A., Palma A., La Vecchia G., Lauria G., Brienza R., Montenegro P., D'Argenzio A., Cossentino L., Olivares R., Pizzolante A., Fusco G., Tosco A., Porta A., Pennino F., Maria T., Angelini P., De Lellis L., Nasci D., Alborali G., Formenti N., Guarneri F., Fontani N., Nani G., Palumbo F., Borlone G., Guercio M., Gentili L., Mariuz M., Trani G., Pariani A., Ancona C., Giorgi D.A., Ferrante I., Monfrinotti M., Riosa S., Capparuccini V., Scicluna M.T., Cersini A., Arizzi M., Cecchini G., Ottaviano C., Nicosia E., Grasselli E., Allaria G., Izzotti A., Rosatto S., Ammoni E., Cereda D., Losio M.N., Bertasi B., Aliscioni A., Oliva D., Castiglioni S., Schiarea S., Zuccato E., Antonelli M., Azzellino A., Malpei F., Turolla A., Binda S., Laura P., Primache V., Cocuzza C., Franzetti A., Bertanza G., Callegari M.L., Bolognini L., Filippetti F., Paniccia' M., Ciuti F., Briscolini S., Magi S., Colitti M., Montanaro C., Cerroni M.G., Griglio B., Berruti R., Cravero M., Costa A., Bianchi M., Decastelli L., Romano A., Zuccon F., Carraro E., Pignata C., Bonetta S., Di Vittorio G., Mongelli O., De Giglio O., Apollonio F., Triggiano F., Montagna M.T., Ungaro N., Palermo M., Maida C.M., Mazzucco W., De Grazia S., Giammanco G., Purpari G., Ferrante M., Agodi A., Barchitta M., Cala' P., Carducci A., Verani M., Federigi I., Lauretani G., Muzio S., Ramazzotti M., Antonelli A., Ricci E., Santoro G., Federici E., Petricciuolo M., Barigelli S., Ruffier M., Borney F., Grange E., Damasco F., Russo F., Pitter G., Groppi V., Rigoli F., Zampini M., Baldovin T., Amoruso I., Mengon E., Cadonna M., Postinghel M., Pizzo F., Schiavuzzi A., Cutrupi F., Foladori P., Manara S., Zago L., Stenico A., Prast A.-M., Suffredini E., and Triassi, M

Subjects
Omicron, RT-qPCR, SARS-CoV-2, Sewage, Variant, Wastewater-based epidemiology, Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring, Environmental Engineering, COVID-19, Wastewater, Pollution, Humans, RNA, Viral, Waste Water, SARS-Cov2, Environmental Chemistry, RNA, Viral, wastewater based epidemiology, Waste Management and Disposal, Human, Omicron, RT-qPCR, SARS-CoV-2, Sewage, Variant, Wastewater-based epidemiology
Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant emerged in South Africa in November 2021, and has later been identified worldwide, raising serious concerns. A real-time RT-PCR assay was designed for the rapid screening of the Omicron variant, targeting characteristic mutations of the spike gene. The assay was used to test 737 sewage samples collected throughout Italy (19/21 Regions) between 11 November and 25 December 2021, with the aim of assessing the spread of the Omicron variant in the country. Positive samples were also tested with a real-time RT-PCR developed by the European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), and through nested RT-PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. Overall, 115 samples tested positive for Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant. The first occurrence was detected on 7 December, in Veneto, North Italy. Later on, the variant spread extremely fast in three weeks, with prevalence of positive wastewater samples rising from 1.0% (1/104 samples) in the week 5-11 December, to 17.5% (25/143 samples) in the week 12-18, to 65.9% (89/135 samples) in the week 19-25, in line with the increase in cases of infection with the Omicron variant observed during December in Italy. Similarly, the number of Regions/Autonomous Provinces in which the variant was detected increased from one in the first week, to 11 in the second, and to 17 in the last one. The presence of the Omicron variant was confirmed by the JRC real-time RT-PCR in 79.1% (91/115) of the positive samples, and by Sanger sequencing in 66% (64/97) of PCR amplicons. In conclusion, we designed an RT-qPCR assay capable to detect the Omicron variant, which can be successfully used for the purpose of wastewater-based epidemiology. We also described the history of the introduction and diffusion of the Omicron variant in the Italian population and territory, confirming the effectiveness of sewage monitoring as a powerful surveillance tool.

Published
2022

44. Pyrazolones Activate the Proteasome by Gating Mechanisms and Protect Neuronal Cells from β-Amyloid Toxicity

Author

Ikhlas Mohamed Mohamud Ahmed, Grazia R. Tundo, Giosuè Costa, V. G. Nicoletti, Anna Santoro, Danilo Milardi, Gianluca D'Abrosca, Diego Sbardella, Alessandra Cannizzo, Francesco Bellia, Gaetano Malgieri, Adriana Pietropaolo, Sara García-Viñuales, Massimiliano Coletta, Stefano Alcaro, Roberto Fattorusso, Valeria Lanza, Mariaconcetta Arizzi, Giuseppe Grasso, Santoro, A. M., Lanza, V., Bellia, F., Sbardella, D., Tundo, G. R., Cannizzo, A., Grasso, G., Arizzi, M., Nicoletti, V. G., Alcaro, S., Costa, G., Pietropaolo, A., Malgieri, G., D'Abrosca, G., Fattorusso, R., Garcia-Vinuales, S., Ahmed, I. M. M., Coletta, M., and Milardi, D.

Subjects
Models, Molecular, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Amyloid, Proteolysis, Protein aggregation, Neurodegeneration, Orphan drugs, Proteostasis, Small molecules, Ubiquitin, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Structure-Activity Relationship, Alzheimer Disease, Drug Discovery, medicine, Humans, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Settore BIO/10, Pyrazolones, Proteolysi, Proteostasi, Pharmacology, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Proteasome, drug repurposing, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Molecular Structure, Orphan drug, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, medicine.disease, 0104 chemical sciences, Cell biology, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Alzheimer, biology.protein, Molecular Medicine, Small molecule
Abstract

Proteasome malfunction parallels abnormal amyloid accumulation in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Here we scrutinize a small library of pyrazolones by assaying their ability to enhance proteasome activity and protect neuronal cells from amyloid toxicity. Tube tests evidenced that aminopyrine and nifenazone behave as 20S proteasome activators. Enzyme assays carried out on an "open gate" mutant (?3?N) proteasome demonstrated that aminopyrine activates proteasome through binding the ?-ring surfaces and influencing gating dynamics. Docking studies coupled with STD-NMR experiments showed that H-bonds and ?-? stacking interactions between pyrazolones and the enzyme play a key role in bridging ?1 to ?2 and, alternatively, ?5 to ?6 subunits of the outer ?-ring. Aminopyrine and nifenazone exhibit neurotrophic properties and protect differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from ?-amyloid (A?) toxicity. ESI-MS studies confirmed that aminopyrine enhances A? degradation by proteasome in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that some pyrazolones and, in particular, aminopyrine are promising compounds for the development of proteasome activators for AD treatment.

Published
2019

45. Expression of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) in the Epididymis and Analysis of the Epididymal Development in PDGF-A, PDGF-B, and PDGF Receptor β Deficient Mice

Author

Giulia Ricci, Angela Catizone, M. Galdieri, Cecilia Bondjers, Andrea Ricci, Lucio Gnessi, Sabrina Basciani, Christer Betsholtz, Mario Arizzi, Stefania Mariani, Giovanni Spera, Marina Brama, Basciani, S, Mariani, S, Arizzi, M, Brama, M, Ricci, A, Betsholtz, C, Bondjers, C, Ricci, Giulia, Catizone, A, Galdieri, M, Spera, G, and Gnessi, L.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha, platelet-derived growth factor, epididymis, Platelet-derived growth factor, Mesenchyme, medicine.medical_treatment, Blotting, Western, Mice, Inbred Strains, Biology, Ligands, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta, Mesonephric duct, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Receptor, Cellular localization, Growth factor, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Epididymis, Immunohistochemistry, Mice, Mutant Strains, Rats, Cell biology, Phenotype, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Reproductive Medicine, chemistry, biology.protein, Platelet-derived growth factor receptor
Abstract

The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family of ligands and receptors play a pivotal role in the development of various organs. The critical importance of the PDGF-mediated signaling during embryonic development and adult physiology of the kidney and the common mesonephric origin of the epididymis and kidney prompted us to investigate the immunohistochemical localization of PDGF A- and B-chain and PDGF receptor (PDGFR) alpha- and beta-subunit in rat and mouse epididymis, the expression profiles of the corresponding mRNAs, and the consequences of a loss-of-function mutation at the PDGF-A, PDGF-B, and PDGFR-beta loci on mouse epididymis phenotypic appearance. Prenatally, PDGF-A and PDGFR-alpha immunohistochemical staining was seen in both species, whereas PDGF-B and PDGFR-beta were absent. The cellular localization of PDGF-A within the epithelium and the alpha-receptor in the mesenchyme in either mouse or rat before birth suggests that the PDGF-A/PDGFR-alpha system might be involved in the epididymal epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during the fetal period of life. Postnatally, PDGF A- and B-ligand and PDGFR alpha- and beta-subunit were confined in the epithelium. The identity of PDGF and PDGFR proteins were further confirmed by immunoblotting. In line with the immunohistochemical studies, PDGF-A and PDGFR-alpha mRNAs were seen by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in rat and mouse tissue before birth, whereas PDGF-B and PDGFR-beta were almost not detectable. During the first days of life, PDGF-B and PDGFR-beta genes started to appear, and the overall trend in mRNA expression throughout postnatal development showed that the transcripts levels for PDGF-A, PDGF-B, PDGFR-beta, and PDGFR-alpha were constant with the only exception of a progressive decrease of PDGFR-alpha in adult rats. The PDGF-A null mutation strongly influenced the epididymal phenotype starting from puberty; only fetal PDGF-B and PDGFR-beta -/- mice were available, and no differences were seen in the epididymis of these animals, compared with wild-type littermates. Taken together, these data indicate that the PDGF system is highly expressed in the epididymis and suggest that PDGF could be involved in the maintenance of morphological structure and functional control of this organ.

Published
2004

46. Pyrazolones Activate the Proteasome by Gating Mechanisms and Protect Neuronal Cells from β-Amyloid Toxicity.

Author

Santoro AM, Lanza V, Bellia F, Sbardella D, Tundo GR, Cannizzo A, Grasso G, Arizzi M, Nicoletti VG, Alcaro S, Costa G, Pietropaolo A, Malgieri G, D'Abrosca G, Fattorusso R, García-Viñuales S, Ahmed IMM, Coletta M, and Milardi D

Subjects
Alzheimer Disease metabolism, Amyloid beta-Peptides metabolism, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Models, Molecular, Molecular Structure, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex genetics, Pyrazolones chemistry, Structure-Activity Relationship, Alzheimer Disease drug therapy, Amyloid beta-Peptides antagonists & inhibitors, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex metabolism, Pyrazolones pharmacology
Abstract

Proteasome malfunction parallels abnormal amyloid accumulation in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Here we scrutinize a small library of pyrazolones by assaying their ability to enhance proteasome activity and protect neuronal cells from amyloid toxicity. Tube tests evidenced that aminopyrine and nifenazone behave as 20S proteasome activators. Enzyme assays carried out on an "open gate" mutant (α3ΔN) proteasome demonstrated that aminopyrine activates proteasome through binding the α-ring surfaces and influencing gating dynamics. Docking studies coupled with STD-NMR experiments showed that H-bonds and π-π stacking interactions between pyrazolones and the enzyme play a key role in bridging α1 to α2 and, alternatively, α5 to α6 subunits of the outer α-ring. Aminopyrine and nifenazone exhibit neurotrophic properties and protect differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from β-amyloid (Aβ) toxicity. ESI-MS studies confirmed that aminopyrine enhances Aβ degradation by proteasome in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that some pyrazolones and, in particular, aminopyrine are promising compounds for the development of proteasome activators for AD treatment., (© 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Published
2020
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47. Site directed mutagenesis of insulin-degrading enzyme allows singling out the molecular basis of peptidase versus E1-like activity: the role of metal ions.

Author

Bellia F, Lanza V, Ahmed IMM, Garcia-Vinuales S, Veiss E, Arizzi M, Calcagno D, Milardi D, and Grasso G

Subjects
Copper metabolism, Structure-Activity Relationship, Ubiquitin metabolism, Insulysin genetics, Insulysin metabolism, Metals metabolism, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed methods
Abstract

Four specifically designed IDE mutants have been used to unveil the molecular basis of peptidase versus E1-like activity of the enzyme. We have found that physiological concentrations of copper(ii) ions inhibit the proteolytic activity of the enzyme towards small and large substrates but have no effect on the E1-like activity of the enzyme.

Published
2019
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48. Oxygen Stability in the New [FeFe]-Hydrogenase from Clostridium beijerinckii SM10 (CbA5H).

Author

Morra S, Arizzi M, Valetti F, and Gilardi G

Abstract

The newly isolated Clostridium beijerinckii [FeFe]-hydrogenase CbA5H was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled to enzymatic activity assays. This showed for the first time that in this enzyme the oxygen-sensitive active state H ox can be simply and reversibly converted to the oxygen-stable inactive H inact state. This suggests that oxygen sensitivity is not an intrinsic feature of the catalytic center of [FeFe]-hydrogenases (H-cluster), opening new challenging perspectives on the oxygen sensitivity mechanism as well as new possibilities for exploitation in industrial applications.

Published
2016
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49. Biohydrogen and biomethane production sustained by untreated matrices and alternative application of compost waste.

Author

Arizzi M, Morra S, Pugliese M, Gullino ML, Gilardi G, and Valetti F

Subjects
Anaerobiosis, Fermentation, Soil chemistry, Solid Waste adverse effects, Biofuels analysis, Garbage, Hydrogen analysis, Methane analysis, Waste Management methods
Abstract

Biohydrogen and biomethane production offers many advantages for environmental protection over the fossil fuels or the existing physical-chemical methods for hydrogen and methane synthesis. The aim of this study is focused on the exploitation of several samples from the composting process: (1) a mixture of waste vegetable materials ("Mix"); (2) an unmatured compost sample (ACV15); and (3) three types of green compost with different properties and soil improver quality (ACV1, ACV2 and ACV3). These samples were tested for biohydrogen and biomethane production, thus obtaining second generation biofuels and resulting in a novel possibility to manage renewable waste biomasses. The ability of these substrates as original feed during dark fermentation was assayed anaerobically in batch, in glass bottles, in order to determine the optimal operating conditions for hydrogen and/or methane production using "Mix" or ACV1, ACV2 or ACV3 green compost and a limited amount of water. Hydrogen could be produced with a fast kinetic in the range 0.02-2.45mLH2g(-1)VS, while methane was produced with a slower kinetic in the range 0.5-8mLCH4g(-1)VS. It was observed that the composition of each sample influenced significantly the gas production. It was also observed that the addition of different water amounts play a crucial role in the development of hydrogen or methane. This parameter can be used to push towards the alternative production of one or another gas. Hydrogen and methane production was detected spontaneously from these matrices, without additional sources of nutrients or any pre-treatment, suggesting that they can be used as an additional inoculum or feed into single or two-stage plants. This might allow the use of compost with low quality as soil improver for alternative and further applications., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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50. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta-subtype regulates proliferation and migration of gonocytes.

Author

Basciani S, De Luca G, Dolci S, Brama M, Arizzi M, Mariani S, Rosano G, Spera G, and Gnessi L

Subjects
Animals, Animals, Newborn, Apoptosis drug effects, Apoptosis physiology, Benzamides, Blotting, Western, Cell Movement drug effects, Female, Imatinib Mesylate, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Inbred Strains, Mice, Knockout, Phosphorylation drug effects, Piperazines pharmacology, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor genetics, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis genetics, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis metabolism, Pyrimidines pharmacology, Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta genetics, Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta metabolism, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sertoli Cells cytology, Sertoli Cells metabolism, Sperm Count, Spermatozoa metabolism, Testis cytology, Testis drug effects, Testis metabolism, Cell Movement physiology, Cell Proliferation, Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta physiology, Spermatozoa cytology
Abstract

Proliferation and migration of gonocytes, the precursors of spermatogonial stem cells, to the germline niche in the basal membrane of the seminiferous tubules, are two crucial events that take place between postnatal d 0.5 (P0.5) and P5.0 in the mouse and involve a selection of the cells that are committed to the germline stem cells lineage. Here we show that from embryonic d 18.0 (E18) and up to P5, the gonocytes express platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor beta-subtype (PDGFR-beta) and that during the same time period, the Sertoli cells express PDGF-B and PDGF-D, both ligands for PDGFR-beta. Inhibition of the PDGFR-beta tyrosine kinase activity during the first five postnatal days provokes a profound reduction of gonocyte number through inhibition of their proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Moreover, we found that PDGFR-beta ligands are chemotactic for gonocytes. These data suggest that PDGFR-beta activation has the remarkable capability to drive the selection, survival, and migration of the gonocytes from the center of the seminiferous tubules to the testicular germline niche on the basal membrane.

Published
2008
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