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Alejandra Monserrat Rodríguez-Ramírez, María Teresa Alcántara-Garcés, Sergio Hernández-Jiménez, Ana Cristina García-Ulloa, Denise Arcila-Martínez, Héctor Velázquez-Jurado, Rodrigo Eduardo Arizmendi-Rodríguez On behalf of the study group CAIPaDiCentro de Atención Integral del Paciente con Diabetes (CAIPaDi) Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, MexicoCorrespondence: María Teresa Alcántara-Garcés, Centro de Atención Integral del Paciente con Diabetes (CAIPaDi) Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Colonia Sección XVI Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico, Tel +1 52 55 54870900 (5045), Email teresa.alcantarag@incmnsz.mxIntroduction: Anxiety disorders (AXD) are among the most prevalent mental health conditions in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Previous data have established an association of other psychiatric conditions with poor metabolic control and increased odds of diabetes-related complications. Nonetheless, follow-up information about the effects of AXD on the metabolic control of patients with TD2 is still limited.Objective: Evaluate the effects of AXD on the metabolic parameters of patients with T2D over 12 months of follow-up in a multidisciplinary comprehensive care model.Methods: Prospective study of T2D subjects enrolled in a comprehensive care program with follow-up at 3 and 12 months of treatment. Patients were assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). We registered clinical and metabolic characteristics from each visit. Metabolic parameters over time were analyzed with a mixed model of repeated measures using AXD and time as interaction variables.Results: Our sample included 2703 patients at baseline, and 1161 (43%) subjects continued the follow-up at 12 months. The AXD group had more females, lower age, and fewer years of formal education compared with subjects without AXD at baseline, 3 and 12 months. Patients with AXD also reported higher mean fasting glucose at three months, and higher HbA1c at three and 12 months. Our MMRM for HbA1c reported significant differences over time in subjects with and without AXD. The differences in means between groups increased from 0.17% at three months to 0.31% at 12 months. The variables from the HADS anxiety score, sex, age, years of diagnosis, and insulin treatment were also associated with HbA1c parameters over time.Conclusion: Patients with AXD had the worst glycemic control at 3 and 12 months of follow-up. HbA1c differences in patients with AXD compared with non-AXD subjects increases over time in association with anxiety symptoms.Keywords: diabetes care, psychiatric comorbidity, anxiety, glycemic control

Diabetes and poor glycemic control are significant predictors of severity and death in the COVID-19 disease. The perception of this risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) could modify coping styles, leading to behaviors associated with better self-care and metabolic control. Theoretically, active coping is associated with better glycemic control in patients with T2D. Nonetheless, information during extreme risk like the COVID-19 pandemic is still limited. Our objective was to evaluate the association between coping styles and risk perception in the COVID-19 pandemic and the change in metabolic parameters. This is a prospective study that included individuals with T2D treated in a tertiary care center during the COVID-19 outbreak who returned to follow-up one year later. We assessed coping styles and risk perception with the Extreme Risk Coping Scale and the risk perception questionnaire. Clinical characteristics and metabolic parameters were registered in both visits. Groups were compared using Kruskal Wallis tests, and changes in metabolic parameters were assessed with Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Our sample included 177 participants at baseline, and 118 concluded the study. Passive coping was more frequent in women. Low-risk perception was associated with higher age, lower psychiatric comorbidities, and lower frequency of psychiatric treatment compared with other risk perception groups. Patients with active coping plus high-risk perception did not have a change in metabolic parameters at follow-up, whereas patients with other coping styles and lower risk perception had an increase in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides. There were no differences by coping group or by risk perception in glycemic control., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Alcántara-Garcés et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)