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Digital, Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is based on conducting an electrical current through the brain to stimulate it and trigger generalized convulsion activity with therapeutic ends. Due to the efficient use of ECT during the last years, interest in the molecular bases involved in its mechanism of action has increased. Therefore, different hypotheses have emerged. In this context, the goal of this review is to describe the neurobiological, endocrine, and immune mechanisms involved in ECT and to detail its clinical efficacy in different psychiatric pathologies. This is a narrative review in which an extensive literature search was performed on the Scopus, Embase, PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from inception to February 2022. The terms “electroconvulsive therapy”, “neurobiological effects of electroconvulsive therapy”, “molecular mechanisms in electroconvulsive therapy”, and “psychiatric disorders” were among the keywords used in the search. The mechanisms of action of ECT include neurobiological function modifications and endocrine and immune changes that take place after ECT. Among these, the decrease in neural network hyperconnectivity, neuroinflammation reduction, neurogenesis promotion, modulation of different monoaminergic systems, and hypothalamus–hypophysis–adrenal and hypothalamus–hypophysis–thyroid axes normalization have been described. The majority of these elements are physiopathological components and therapeutic targets in different mental illnesses. Likewise, the use of ECT has recently expanded, with evidence of its use for other pathologies, such as Parkinson’s disease psychosis, malignant neuroleptic syndrome, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive–compulsive disorder. In conclusion, there is sufficient evidence to support the efficacy of ECT in the treatment of different psychiatric disorders, potentially through immune, endocrine, and neurobiological systems, Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud

Digital, The placebo effect can be defined as the improvement of symptoms in a patient after the administration of an innocuous substance in a context that induces expectations regarding its effects. During recent years, it has been discovered that the placebo response not only has neurobiological functions on analgesia, but that it is also capable of generating effects on the immune and endocrine systems. The possible integration of changes in different systems of the organism could favor the well-being of the individuals and go hand in hand with conventional treatment for multiple diseases. In this sense, classic conditioning and setting expectations stand out as psychological mechanisms implicated in the placebo effect. Recent advances in neuroimaging studies suggest a relationship between the placebo response and the opioid, cannabinoid, and monoaminergic systems. Likewise, a possible immune response conditioned by the placebo effect has been reported. There is evidence of immune suppression conditioned through the insular cortex and the amygdala, with noradrenalin as the responsible neurotransmitter. Finally, a conditioned response in the secretion of different hormones has been determined in different studies; however, the molecular mechanisms involved are not entirely known. Beyond studies about its mechanism of action, the placebo effect has proved to be useful in the clinical setting with promising results in the management of neurological, psychiatric, and immunologic disorders. However, more research is needed to better characterize its potential use. This review integrates current knowledge about the psycho-neuro-endocrine-immune basis of the placebo effect and its possible clinical applications., Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud

El plan de mejora surge por la implementación de nuevas estrategias que garanticen una optimización en las entregas de los bienes y servicios solicitados por los clientes de la compañía Sitel de Colombia, esto con el propósito de poder brindar y optimizar un excelente servicio a cada solicitud. Es por esto que, al interior de la compañía, se está estructurando la creación a futuro de un mini CEDI (Centro de Distribución), con el objetivo de poder aminorar el tiempo promedio que se emplea desde que el cliente origina su solicitud (llamado generación de Shopping Cart), hasta el día de entrega del producto o servicio y generación de Goods and Service (lo que quiere decir que ya fue entregado). El área contable podría ser una de las áreas beneficiadas en esta implementación, puesto que los tiempos de facturación de cada una de las compras realizadas disminuirán al tener almacenados los productos en una bodega; y todo esto teniendo en cuenta que en la medida que se optimice el proceso de procurement así mismo se podrá ver reflejado en las tareas que efectúa contabilidad. The improvement plan arises from the implementation of new strategies that guarantee an optimization in the deliveries of the goods and services requested by the clients of the Sitel de Colombia company, this with the purpose of being able to provide and optimize an excellent service to each request. That is why, within the company, the future creation of a mini CEDI (Distribution Center) is being structured, with the aim of being able to reduce the average time that is used since the client originates his request (called generation of Shopping Cart), until the day of delivery of the product or service and generation of Goods and Service (which means that it has already been delivered). The accounting area could be one of the benefited areas in this implementation, since the billing times of each of the purchases made will decrease when the products are stored in a warehouse; and all this taking into account that as the procurement process is optimized, it will also be reflected in the tasks carried out by accounting. Profesional en Negocios Internacionales http://unidadinvestigacion.usta.edu.co Pregrado

Introducción: Sin importar el ambiente laboral o la actividad económica que se realice, el esfuerzo visual en visión próxima es demandante tanto en actividades de lectura como en el uso de video terminales (VDT), en la práctica clínica se muestra con frecuencia que, largas jornadas de trabajo en visión próxima frente el computador, u otro VDT, genera una serie de síntomas que disminuyen el confort visual como: cefalea, fatiga visual, astenopia, y visión borrosa. Objetivo: Describir las condiciones ergonómicas visuales en el personal administrativo usuario de video terminales (VDT) de las sedes de la Universidad Santo Tomás seccional Bucaramanga 2019. Metodología: Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, se evaluaron 86 pacientes, seleccionados con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, fueron incluidos 71 personas del personal administrativo usuarios de VDT de las sedes de la Universidad Santo Tomás seccional Bucaramanga 2019. Resultados: El 71.83% (51 personas) fueron de sexo femenino, el promedio de edad fue de 36 años, se presentó una mediana de antigüedad laboral de 5 años. El 100 % (71) de la población de estudio utilizaba computador de escritorio, el tamaño de la pantalla se encontró entre 18 y 27 pulgadas con una mediana de 20 pulgadas, también, se pudo evidenciar que los trabajadores estaban expuestos entre 2 a 15 horas diarias frente al video terminal. En cuanto a los factores ambientales del sitio de trabajo el 84.50% presentaban ventilación artificial y una iluminación mediana de 304 Lux (77 – 859). Conclusiones: El personal administrativo usuarios de VDT requieren gran demanda acomodativa y vergencial para la realización de sus funciones laborales puesto que, los trabajadores están entre 2 a 15 horas diarias de exposición frente al video terminal, el nivel de iluminación en el 84.50% de los puestos de trabajo se encontró por debajo de lo requerido según la norma ISO. Introduction: Regardless of the work environment or the economic activity that is carried out, the visual effort in near vision is demanding both in reading activities and in the use of video terminals (VDT), in clinical practice it is frequently shown that long days of work in near vision in front of the computer, or another VDT, generates a series of symptoms that decrease visual comfort such as: headache, eyestrain, asthenopia, and blurred vision. Objective: To describe the visual ergonomic conditions in the administrative personnel using video terminals (VDT) of the headquarters of the Universidad Santo Tomás sectional Bucaramanga 2019. Methodology: Observational descriptive cross-sectional study, 86 patients were evaluated, selected with non-probability sampling by convenience, 71 people from the administrative staff users of VDT from the headquarters of the Universidad Santo Tomás sectional Bucaramanga 2019 were included. Results: 71.83% (51 people) were female, the average age was 36 years, a median work seniority of 5 years. 100% (71) of the study population used a desktop computer, the screen size was between 18 and 27 inches with a median of 20 inches, also, it was evident that the workers were exposed between 2 to 15 hours daily in front of the video terminal. Regarding the environmental factors of the workplace, 84.50% presented artificial ventilation and a median illumination of 304 Lux (77 - 859). Conclusions: The administrative staff users of VDT require great accommodative and vergence demand for the performance of their job functions since, the workers are between 2 to 15 hours a day of exposure in front of the video terminal, the lighting level in 84.50% of the Jobs were found below what is required according to the ISO standard. Optometrá http://www.ustabuca.edu.co/ustabmanga/presentacion Pregrado

En el presente artículo se muestra el sistema de generación de energía eléctrica solar fotovoltaica y su implementación en el Laboratorio de Energía de la Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito. El sistema fotovoltaico cuenta con las configuraciones empleadas para autoconsumo dentro de la red eléctrica y suplencia en zonas no in-terconectadas; adicionalmente, se utilizan los tres tipos de tecnologías fotovoltaicas más usadas: paneles monocristalinos, policristalinos y amorfos, que brindan la posibilidad de realizar diversos estudios. La energía eléctrica inyectada a la red proveniente de la puesta en marcha del sistema consolida la implementación del Laboratorio de Energías Renovables en el Laboratorio de Energía de la Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito., This article shows the photovoltaic solar electric energy generation system and its implementation in the Energy Laboratory of the Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito. The photovoltaic system has the configurations used for self-consumption within the electrical network and energy delivery in non-interconnected areas, additionally the three most used types of photovoltaic technologies are used: monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous panels, which offer the possibility of carrying out various studies. The electrical energy injected into the network from the start-up of the system consolidates the implementation of the Renewable Energy Laboratory in the Energy Laboratory of the Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito., 1. Profesores del programa de Ingeniería Eléctrica de la Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito. 2. Estudiantes del programa de Ingeniería Eléctrica de la Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería Julio Garavito.javier.ruiz@escuelaing.edu.co – daniel.gonzalez@escuelaing.edu.co maria.benitez@mail.escuelaing.edu.co – daniela.barrera@mail.escuelaing.edu.co