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Given a plane graph $G=(V,E)$. A zonal labeling of graph $G$ is defined as an assignment of the two nonzero elements of the ring $\mathbb{Z}_3$, which are $1$ and $2$, to the vertices of $G$ such that the sum of the labels of the vertices on the border of each region of the graph is $0\in\mathbb{Z}_3$. A graph $G$ that possess such a labeling is termed as zonal graph. This paper will characterize edge comb product graphs that are zonal. The results show that $P_m\trianglerighteq_eC_n$, $C_n\trianglerighteq_e C_r$, $S_p\trianglerighteq_e C_n$, and $S_p\trianglerighteq_e F_t$ are zonal in some cases, but not in others.

The development of Smart Contract in this regard can be attributed to the stability of Indonesian law, where methods for executing contracts have become increasingly sophisticated. With the rapid growth of technological developments that use Smart Contracts and the urgency of the extent to which the current laws in Indonesia can support their development, the question arises of how Smart Contract work? When does the meeting of minds occur in a Smart Contract? And, how is the fulfillment of the principle of consensualisme in Smart Contract viewed from the perspective of Article 1320 of the Civil Code? The research method in this study was carried out using a qualitative normative method .The results of this study show, Smart Contract works by running without a third party and written on the Blockchain. Second, there is a meeting of minds in the Smart Contract, where both parties who intend to bind themselves in the Smart Contract send their cryptographic encryption to commit to each other in the Smart Contract, as proof that both have mutually agreed. Third, the principle of consensualism in Smart Contract from the perspective of Article 1320 of the Civil Code shows that agreement is an essential foundation for the validity of an agreement, ensuring that each party involved has agreed to the existing provisions.

A person who commits fraud will move something as if something happened and was right but the act does not correspond to reality. The purpose of this study is to examine the elements of Fraud in Article 1328 of the Indonesian Civil Code and examine the regulation of fraud (bedrog) in the civil code in the Netherlands. This research is a Normative Legal Research which is legal research carried out by examining library materials or secondary data. Normative legal research is also called doctrinal legal research. The results indicated that the explanation of the definition of fraud (bedrog) has been regulated in Article 1328 of the Civil Code, but the substantial understanding has not been regulated in Article 1328 of the Indonesian Civil Code, fraud in Dutch civil law is regulated in article 3:44 Nieuw Burgerlijk Wetboek. The recommendation that the author can note is that as one of the countries adopted by Indonesia, it is appropriate for Fraud to get elaboration and technical procedures to identify Fraud as a defect of will. Bedrog is defined by definition as an act in which a party entices another party to take certain legal actions by, among others: making false and deliberate statements; deliberately not disclosing the fact that it should be mandatory to disclose, and intentionally withholding or providing incomplete information. The formulation of the definition in the NBW should be a reference in the renewal of the Civil Code related to Bedrog.

The manufacturing process in the automotive industry is in dire need of resistance spot welding machines. Because it was easier to use, highly effective, and effective in functioning. However, there were sometimes still connection problems that were still of poor quality, both nuggets and areas that are subject to electrode pressure. To get a quality welding connection, a machine was needed that was able to carry out good material preparation in the form of sanding, able to set the welding current analogously, able to set the time with an automatic timer, able to apply pressure on the electrode measurably during the welding process. The research aimed to design a prototype of resistance spot welding material preparation that could adequately carry out material preparation and welding using a Bluetooth system connected to a mobile phone. The research methods carried out were as follows: first, designing the machine using Autodesk Inventor software, then the device was made with a focus on material preparation prototypes, then the machine elements were made for the material clamping rail, then the machine elements in the control section using Bluetooth connected to the mobile phone, the machine was tested, then the connection quality testing process was carried out on the tensile testing machine. The results showed that the design results had been made using elbows and iron plates with threaded rails with a length of 650 mm, which became material clamping rail grooves with a drive using window motors controlled by Bluetooth on the Arduino circuit. The test results of welded joints show that the roughness is 0.20 μm which has the highest tensile strength.

Comics multiplying must become the center of attention for educators, especially educators at the elementary school (SD) level. Seeing this, the world of education began to approach the comic media. Comic media has already started to be developed in the field of education, an expert in psychology who is famous for behavioristic theory, Edward Lee Thorndike, has researched comics, the results of this study reveal that a child is accustomed to reading comic books more than usual, for example within one month, the child reads a minimum of 1 comic book, this is the same as the child reading several textbooks every year, of course, this will affect reading skills/abilities for children and will increase mastery and vocabulary which is far more than usual. A child who doesn't like reading comics. It is by the expression. One picture is worth a thousand words, meaning that one image has the same value as a thousand words. Educational comic media is an innovative media that can be used as an alternative media to overcome learning difficulties for children, primarily covering matters related to material interests and understanding. Based on the distribution of learning outcomes in the experimental class, which obtained an average value of 73.79 (high) learning outcomes. While the results of the distribution of learning outcomes for the control class received an average value of learning outcomes of 47.75 (moderate). Based on the research conducted, the researcher obtained a value (Sig. (2-tailed)) of 0.000

Purpose of thestudy: This study aims to find out about the current needs, challenges, and arragment for The Electronic Trial at The Supreme Courts. The implementation of e-court that has been running so far still causes problems, so it needs an in-depth study. Methodology: In this research, the method used was normative juridical using a statutory and conceptual approach. Results: The result of this study conclude that: first, the factual needs of the implementation of electronic trials in Indonesia cannot be separated from the social transformation that occurs in Indonesian society itself. Second, the general challenge in the implementation of electronic trials, which are trials and verdicts pronounced in court hearings that are open to the public or in public, is one part that is inseparable from the principle of fair trial. Third, the regulations related to the public trial should start from the preparation of PERMA that must obey the principle and with laws that are hierarchically higher than PERMA. Applications of this study: This research is expected to identify the challenges posed in electronic courts, and provide policy recommendations on the regulation of electronic courts in Indonesia. Novelty/ Orginalty of this study: Changes to the Law on Judicial Power must be formulated first in order to facilitate electronic court process services in the current digital era. Then, the existing PERMA needs to be adjusted to the principles of the principle of a trial open to the public in order to prevent conflicts with the laws and regulations on it.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of Transformational Leadership (TL) on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), the influence of Adversity Quotient (AQ) on teachers' Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), and the influence of Transformational Leadership (TL) on Adversity Quotient (AQ) of state high school teachers in Kalideres sub-district, West Jakarta. This study takes a casual quantitative approach while using the survey method. Data collection, namely employing a questionnaire that the teacher who served as the responder responded to directly, primary data source comes from school principals in Ponorogo district, to obtain data related to teacher management that has been carried out and existing constraints. The population in this study were civil servant teachers at State Senior High School, Kalideres District, West Jakarta City for the 2021/2022 Academic Year, a total of 167 teachers. The samples taken were 118 teachers. The sampling technique of this study used simple random sampling. The results of the study show that: t (1) Transformational leadership has a direct positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). In other words, good transformational leadership can increase organizational citizenship behavior. (2) The adversity quotient has a positive direct effect on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). That is, a good adversity quotient can increase organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). (3) Transformational leadership has a positive direct effect on the adversity quotient. That is, good transformational leadership can increase the adversity quotient.

Abstrak Infrastruktur adalah hal yang sangat penting bagi kemajuan perekonomian masyarakat, Kabupaten Jepara belum memiliki infrastruktur gedung pasar tinggi lebih dari 3 lantai, sehingga perencanaan pasar seni 5 lantai di SCJ Kabupaten Jepara merupakan dalam upaya memberikan wacana pada pemerintah terkait dalam merencanakan struktur gedung bertingkat tinggi. Perencanaan struktur gedung ini didasarkan pada peraturan Standar Nasional Indonesia diantaranya : SNI 03 2847 2002 (tata cara perhitungan struktur beton untuk bangunan gedung), PPIUG 1983 (peraturan pembebanan Indonesia untuk gedung), SNI 03 1726 2012 (tata cara perencanaan ketahanan gempa untuk struktur bangunan gedung dan non gedung). Berdasarkan hasil perencanaan bangunan maka diperoleh rangka atap menggunakan pelat beton bertulang. Beton yang digunakan adalah 25 Mpa dan besi tulangan digunakan mutu 400 Mpa. Pelat lantai dengan sistem TWS pada ketebalan 12 cm serta tulangan pada arah X D10-200 dan arah Y D10-250. Perhitungan balok didapatkan balok induk dimensi 35x65 cm dengan tulangan tumpuan 9D19 dan tulangan lapangan 5D19 dengan sengkang tumpuan D10-150 dan sengkang lapangan D10-200, untuk balok anak dimensi 20x40 cm dengan tulangan tumpuan 5D19 dan tulangan lapangan 4D19 dengan sengkang tumpuan D10-150 dan sengkang lapangan D10-200. Kolom K1 dimensi 70x70 cm dengan tulangan 20D19 dengan sengkang D12-150. Pondasi tiang pancang didapat 9 pancang menopang 1 kolom dengan kedalaman -6 meter dan diameter 40x40 cm.

Berbagai jenis plastik susah berkontaminasi dengan tanah yang juga dianggap limbah anorganik, yang sulit hancur dengan sendirinya. Solusi pemanfaatan limbah plastik dapat digunakan sebagai agregat beton. Metode yang digunakan yaitu eksperimental di laboratorium dengan membandingkan mortar geopolimer dan konvensional dalam variasi jumlah agregat plastik substitusi agregat alam. Pengaruh penambahan plastik Pasta geopolimer menggunakan 3 varian molaritas 8M, 12M, 16M. Hasil pengujian kuat tekan beton didapatkan nilai kuat tekan tertinggi pada mortar geopolimer 12M dengan penambahan agregat kasar berupa limbah plastik sebanyak 15% pada umur 28 hari dengan dengan hasil kuat tekan sebesar 28,24 MPa. Kuat tekan yang dihasilkan pada mortar konvensional dan mortar geopolimer didapatkan semakin meningkat dengan bertambahnya umur pengujiannya. Pengaruh agregat plastik dapat mengikat lebih baik secara homogen pada mortar geopolimer dibanding dengan mortar konvensional.

The housing market is one of the monetary policy instruments in macro-prudential terms. The overall policy adopted through the Loan-to-Value ratio does not accommodate different regional characteristics. Location and area characteristics are important factors that influence the development of housing property prices. This study uses panel data regression analysis, with objects of 15 cities in Indonesia during 2007-2017. The results of the analysis provide a proof that the building rent, population density, construction costs, Gross Regional Domestic Product, unemployment rate, and minimum income, affect housing prices differently in each growth category, while the LTV ratio and inflation do not have a significant effect onto house prices. The regional economic growth is used to form regional clustering based on the speed of house price growth so that monetary policy in the housing sector achieves the target.

Stunting is a condition where a child fails to optimally grow and develop his/her bodily organs. Due to the high rate of stunting case in Indonesia, particularly in South Sumatra, this study aimed to determine the causes of stunting in children of 0 yr to 5 yr old as the dependent variable. Independent variables of infection, birth weight, gender, and age were studied accordingly. The purposive sampling method selected 100 babies and toddlers in Sungai Rengit Murni, Banyuasin, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The cross-sectional design applied univariate, bivariate (chi-square test), and multivariate (multiple logistic regression and backward regression tests) analyses. The result showed that while age was insignificant (0.649, P > 0.25) and infection was less significant (0.077, P > 0.05), low birth weight (0.044, P < 0.05) and gender (0.045, P < 0.05) are significant in affecting stunting.Being 61 % accurate, the independent variables of this study covered 15.1 % of known stunting cause.

This research aims to know the Political Recruitment of Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) in Takalar Election 2017. The research method used qualitative method by descriptive analysis. Data obtained through interviews, observation and documentation. Informant of the research, namely the Management and Sympathizers of PKS Takalar and Nasdem Party Takalar, the couple of Syamsari Kitta - Achmad Dg. Se're, Regional Election Commission of Takalar Regency.The results showed that the recruitment of PKS in Takalar Election 2017 were: first, the couple of Syamsari Kitta - Achmad Dg Se're was promoted by the PKS 4 seats coalition with the National Democratic Party (Nasdem) 2 seats in the regional election. The coalition happened because both parties agreed that the couple is able to bring thoughts or ideas of change in the process of elections battle period of 2017-2022 in Takalar Regency. Secondly, the PKS chose Syamsari Kitta because of his strong ability and strong support-bases in Takalar as well as positive electability with the community. While Ahmad Daeng Sere chose as a candidate for vice regent because he can raise the electability to fight the duet of incumbent. Both have in common with the idea of change to make Takalar much better. Third, the recruitment of Syamsari Kitta as a candidate for regional head / regent because he is a PKS cadre who has experience and capability in politics, his personality is known as an easy person to associate and communicate with the community. The quality of Syamsari Kitta as PKS cadres got positive electoral and militancy support from PKS cadres and other winning teamresearch aims to know the Political Recruitment of Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) in Takalar Election 2017. The research method used qualitative method by descriptive analysis. Data obtained through interviews, observation and documentation. Informant of the research, namely the Management and Sympathizers of PKS Takalar and Nasdem Party Takalar, the couple of Syamsari Kitta - Achmad Dg. Se're, Regional Election Commission of Takalar Regency.The results showed that the recruitment of PKS in Takalar Election 2017 were: first, the couple of Syamsari Kitta - Achmad Dg Se're was promoted by the PKS 4 seats coalition with the National Democratic Party (Nasdem) 2 seats in the regional election. The coalition happened because both parties agreed that the couple is able to bring thoughts or ideas of change in the process of elections battle period of 2017-2022 in Takalar Regency. Secondly, the PKS chose Syamsari Kitta because of his strong ability and strong support-bases in Takalar as well as positive electability with the community. While Ahmad Daeng Sere chose as a candidate for vice regent because he can raise the electability to fight the duet of incumbent. Both have in common with the idea of change to make Takalar much better. Third, the recruitment of Syamsari Kitta as a candidate for regional head / regent because he is a PKS cadre who has experience and capability in politics, his personality is known as an easy person to associate and communicate with the community. The quality of Syamsari Kitta as PKS cadres got positive electoral and militancy support from PKS cadres and other winning teamThis research aims to know the Political Recruitment of Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) in Takalar Election 2017. The research method used qualitative method by descriptive analysis. Data obtained through interviews, observation and documentation. Informant of the research, namely the Management and Sympathizers of PKS Takalar and Nasdem Party Takalar, the couple of Syamsari Kitta - Achmad Dg. Se're, Regional Election Commission of Takalar Regency.The results showed that the recruitment of PKS in Takalar Election 2017 were: first, the couple of Syamsari Kitta - Achmad Dg Se're was promoted by the PKS 4 seats coalition with the National Democratic Party (Nasdem) 2 seats in the regional election. The coalition happened because both parties agreed that the couple is able to bring thoughts or ideas of change in the process of elections battle period of 2017-2022 in Takalar Regency. Secondly, the PKS chose Syamsari Kitta because of his strong ability and strong support-bases in Takalar as well as positive electability with the community. While Ahmad Daeng Sere chose as a candidate for vice regent because he can raise the electability to fight the duet of incumbent. Both have in common with the idea of change to make Takalar much better. Third, the recruitment of Syamsari Kitta as a candidate for regional head / regent because he is a PKS cadre who has experience and capability in politics, his personality is known as an easy person to associate and communicate with the community. The quality of Syamsari Kitta as PKS cadres got positive electoral and militancy support from PKS cadres and other winning team

The housing market in Indonesia tends to have different characteristics in several regions. The government has implemented macroprudential policies regarding mortgage loans for housing and apartments through the Loan to Value (LTV) policy in dealing with credit risk in the housing market. The aimed of this study analyze the effect of LTV policy and regional economic indicator on the house prices in Indonesia, compare the impact of LTV policy and indicator on the types of houses and regions. We used secondary data from eight regions which derived from residential property survey and statistics Indonesia at a monthly frequency. In processing estimated data using Generalized Least Square (GLS) Fixed Effect Model (FEM) to ascertain the effect of LTV policy in each region. The result showed most attributes had a significant effect on housing prices. However, LTV had no significant effect on every type of housing (small, medium, and large). The LTV policy is spatial in accordance with housing market condition in each region.

Sumber daya alam yang melimpah seyogyanya dilihat secara mendalam sehingga pemanfaatannya bisa sangat optimal, salah satu sumber daya alam yang memiliki potensi luar biasa yaitu Kopi, kopi merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang cukup berkembang di Indonesia, komoditas kopi tersebar di seluruh wilayah Indonesia, di Jawa Tengah sendiri kopi menjadi komoditas utama di lereng gunung muria, salah satunya di Desa Damarwulan Jepara, Desa Damarwulan merupakan desa yang terletak di Kecamatan Keling Kabupaten Jepara, desa ini memiliki SDA berupa Kopi yang melimpah. Di desa ini lahan yang digunakan tanaman Kopi seluas 351 Ha yang menghasilkan kopi sebesar 4 ton/Ha. Potensi perkebunan tersebut dikembangkan melalui usaha pengelohan hasil perkebunan oleh kelompok-kelompok usaha. Kegiatan ini bertujuan bertujuan untuk Meningkatkan skill manajemen dari aspek-aspek aktivitas usah yang meliputi beberapa aspek yaitu permodalan, kualitas, proses produksi, sumber daya manusia, sistem pemasaran dan manajemen keuangan, yang kesemuanya saling terkait sebagai upaya peningkatan kesejahteraan ekonomi masyarakat yang dilaksanakan di Desa Damarwulan Kabupaten Jepara. Metode yang dipakai dalam kegiatan ini adalah pelatihan dan pendampingan terhadap usaha-usaha yang menjadi mitra yaitu industri pengolahan kopi, pengolahan makanan. Berdasarkan pada solusi yang ditawarkan diatas, dalam kegiatan KKN-PPM ini memiliki beberapa target luaran sebagai berikut:Dihasilkan rantai nilai dan nilai tambah pada usaha pengolahan kopi yang lebih baik, sehingga diharapkan memberikan keuntungan bagi industri kecil mitra semakin meningkat, yang pada gilirannya mampu meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan pekerja dan kelompok usaha pengolahan kopi; Harga pasar dan kualitas produk meningkat melalui panen kopi hanya pada kopi yang telah merah dan peningkatan pengetahuan petani tentang kegunaan kopi petik merah; Dihasilkan desain dan kualitas kemasan kopi yang lebih menarik; Peningkatan asset, terutama peralatan pengolahan kopi, dilakukan melalui model Bank Kopi, petani yang tergabung dalam kelompok usaha menabung kopi pada pengelola hasilnya dikelola untuk pengadaan peralatan kopi secara bergiliran; Dihasilkan ijin P-IRT dari dinas kesehatan bagi anggota kelompok usaha yang belum memilikinya; Jaringan maupun segmen pasar produk kopi semakin luas, bukan hanya wilayah sekitar kecamatan Keling, namun mampu dipasarkan hingga seluruh wilayah Kabupaten Jepara dan diluar kabupaten Jepara; Pola manajemen usaha (pembukuan, promosi, pemasaran) kelompok usaha pengolahan kopi tertata rapi dan modern; sedangkan Luaran yang diharapkan dalam kegiatan ini adalah dihasilkannya artikel ilmiah dalam jurnal nasional dalam rangka publikasi hasil kegiatan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/abdimas.v3i1.2247

Society of Semendo tribe follows matrilineal kinship system within major legacy. It means that the elder daughter is the only heir in legacy practice which is called Tunggu Tubang. It is a significant case for studies on Islamic law, especially the legacy law system of Islam. In Islamic legacy system, the distribution always sets out justice principle, equivalence, and prosperity in its implementation. Therefore, the focus of this study is the analysis of Islamic law toward the legacy in society of Semendo at West Lampung in contemporary era. This research is field research by using qualitative approach. The finding shows that philosophically the legacy system of Semendo tradition in perspective of Islamic law (the legacy law of Islam) is not in contradictory with the basics of prosperity and ushul fiqh of “urf” (tradition). Furthermore, in the contemporary era at West Lampung regency, it indicates displacement of existing values in Semendo society. The major legacy system gradually changes into individual legacy system that is parental as an effect of modernization and wider society network.

A substantial part of households and micro enterprises, particularly in developing countries including Indonesia, did not have access to formal financial institutions which then lead them to borrow money from illegal loan providers. Using an experimental study, we tested whether predatory loan, an illegal short-term loan with high interest rate, was preferable or not by comparing with pawnshop loan, bank loan and household’s limited saving when households confront with financial distress. We divided the participants into three groups: lower low, low, and upper low income. We found that predatory loan was preferable especially for lower low and low income group. Result also confirmed that even if the predatory loan charge was increased, the lower low- and low-income groups still prefer to ease their financial distress through predatory loans. Moreover, the longer the duration of the predatory loan, the higher its probability to be chosen as a funding source in times of household financial distress.

Integrated Science Process Skills online learning cannot be taught optimally so learning media are needed that can teach integrated, interactive, and practical SPS. One such media is an e-module. This study aimed to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of Guided Inquiry-Based e-module, or Mosiry, in improving Integrated SPS of Class XI students in the Immune System subject. This research is a developmental research, using the 4D development design stages: 1) Defining; 2) Designing; 3) Developing; and 4) Disseminating. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling method. Data was collected by using observation, interviews, questionnaires, and pretest/post-test; and data was analysed based on media feasibility, and effectiveness analysis. The results of this study were that the Mosiry e-module is suitable for use as a learning medium for the Immune System and could improve students' SPS in the moderate category.

Pada artikel ini dikaji karakteristik dan hubungan antara aksioma-aksioma separasi dalam ruang-ruang topologi yaitu, ruang T1, ruang T2 (Ruang Hausdorff), ruang T3, ruang T4, dan ruang metrik. Aksioma separasi adalah suatu aksioma yang digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan ruang-ruang topologi berdasarkan distribusi himpunan terbukanya. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah dengan menggabungkan premis-premis dari aksioma separasi dalam ruang-ruang topologi sehingga dapat diperoleh teorema yang menghubungkan ruang-ruang topologi. Pada kajian ini, diperoleh hubungan antara ruang-ruang topologi tersebut yakni, setiap ruang T4 adalah ruang T3, setiap ruang T3 adalah ruang T2, setiap ruang T2 adalah ruang T1 tetapi tidak berlaku untuk pernyataan sebaliknya. Diperoleh juga bahwa, setiap ruang metrik memenuhi semua aksioma separasi dalam ruang T1, T2, T3, dan T4. Diskusi tentang aksioma separasi dalam ruang topologi masih terbuka dengan membandingkan aksioma separasi dari ruang-ruang topologi yang lebih kompleks seperti, ruang Tychonoff dan ruang Urysohn.

Tree height measurement is one part of the inventory activity of standing trees before logging which requires a relatively long time and quite expensive costs, so it needs to use a more productive measuring instrument. There are several commonly used tree height measuring instruments, including the clinometer and hagameter. This study aim is to determine the working time of measuring tree height with clinometer and hagameter. The research method used was to determine the sample tree randomly, then measured the height of each tree with the clinometer and hagameter. In addition, it also calculates the length of time the measurement of the height of each instrument by recording the start and finish time of each measurement activity carried out. The results showed that measuring the height of a tree using clinometer takes 0.68 minutes per tree in average, and using a stick meter aid takes 1.18 minutes in average, and by using haga with a scale board aids takes 0.88 minutes per tree in average. Thus the measurement of tree height by using a clinometer is faster than using haga, while measuring the height of a tree using a hagameter with a scale board is faster than a meter.

Universitas Mulawarman dengan pola ilmiah pokoknya hutan tropis lembab dan lingkungannya, memiliki salah satu laboratorium alam berupa Hutan Pendidikan Fakultas Kehutanan Unmul (HPFU). Areal ini menjadi menarik karena HPFU disamping representasi hutan alam tropis yang relatif cukup bagus juga posisinya yang sangat strategis . HPFU mengalami dinamika baik kondisi biogeofisik karena faktor alam khususnya kebakaran hutan tahun 1982/1983, 1992/1993, dan 1997/1998, maupun akibat aktivitas manusia. Hasil penafsiran citra Landsat liputan 2016 seluas 299,03 Ha, penutupan lahannya didominasi hutan sekunder seluas 204,13 Ha (68,99%) dan belukar 67,97 Ha (22,97%). Hasil inventarisasi hutan tahun 2016 dijumpai sebanyak 73 jenis pohon. Potensi rata-rata strata belukar 127,81 m3/Ha dengan 130 batang/Ha dan hutan sekunder 135,46 m3/Ha dengan 111 batang/Ha. Pendugaan cadangan karbon pada areal HPFU sebesar 32.937,79 ton. Sementara itu keberadaan satwa diantaranya Orang Utan (Pongo pigmaeus), Owa-Owa (Hylobates muelleri), berbagai jenis burung seperti Rajawali (Thearaetus pennatus), Elang bondol, Ular Phyton, Kura-kura, dan lain-lain. Selain dinamika biogeofisik dan sosial budaya masyarakat sekitar HPFU, status penetapan kawasan hutan juga mengalami perubahan seiring berjalannya waktu mulai dari ex areal HPH CV Kayu Mahakam, berturut-turut menjadi Hutan Koleksi Universitas Mulawarman, Hutan Pendidikan Fakultas Kehutanan Unmul, Kebun Raya Unmul, Kebun Raya Unmul Samarinda, dan kini berdasarkan SK Menhut No.674/Menhut-II/2011 menjadi KPHP Samarinda yang penamaannya akan diusulkan menjadi KPHP Hutan Pendidikan Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Mulawarman (HPFU) bersamaan dengan pembuatan dokumen tata hutan dan RPHJP pada tahun 2017 ini. Dengan ditetapkannya HPFU sebagai KPHP, maka potensi biogeofisik dan sosial budaya masyarakat sekitar hutan akan menjadi potensi harapan yang besar meskipun di sisi lain ada beberapa kendala dan permasalahan yang dihadapi yaitu : struktur kelembagaan yang ada (perlu adanya sinkroniosasi antara Fahutan Unmul, Badan Pengelola Hutan Pendidikan Fahutan Unmul, dan Dishut Propinsi Kaltim tentang KPHP Samarinda ; aktivitas tambang batubara yang berbatasan langsung dengan kawasan KPHP Samarinda; kerawanan terhadap kebakaran hutan; keterbatasan investasi dan kondisi sarana dan prasarana yang sudah mulai rusak. Adapun peluang dan pengembangan KPHP Samarinda adalah diupayakan sebagai KPH center khususnya di Kaltim dan Kalimantan umumnya, pembangunan model-model pengelolaan hutan serta pembangunan ekowisata modern.

Currently, design of reinforced concrete buildings is still dominated with normal strength reinforcing bars, not exceeding 420 MPa yield strength. Meanwhile, the use of higher strength reinforcing bars tend to increase due to some benefits in the construction, such as reducing the total weight of reinforcing bars and alleviating reinforcing bars congestions. In this study, reinforcing bars with yield strength of 520 MPa are utilized in the reinforced concrete beam-column joint. The objective is to study the seismic performance of reinforced concrete beam-column joints. A total of 3 interior beam-column joints, half-scaled specimens with different yield strengths and bar diameters was tested. One of the test specimens which was 16 mm diameter and had normal strength reinforcing bar. The other two specimens use high strength reinforcing bars, and have 16 mm and 19 mm diameter bars. Loading protocol of all the specimens is conformed with ACI 374.2. Dissipation energy and deformability of the joints is then compared. Normalized energy dissipation of the specimens with high strength reinforcing bars was slightly lower than that of the specimens with normal reinforcing bars. However, specimens with high strength reinforcing bars tend to have smaller deformability than that of the specimens with normal reinforcing bars.

Previous research had shown that current generation had lower relatedness to nature, but these findings came from studies with mostly western respondents. This study aims to explore-nature relatedness in Indonesian students and to identified what factors are related to their nature relatedness. 363 students from several universities in Indonesia joined the online survey. They were between 17- 43 years old. In our study, we found that Indonesia students were moderately in nature relatedness (M= 85,73, SD= 12,137). Nature relatedness was not related to age, gender, home town, vehicles used for transportation, and time used for smartphones. The major findings of this study have shown that students who are environmental activist were the most related to nature. To enhance nature relatedness, we suggests that joining environmental activities is a good way to promote nature relatedness.

Our excessive consumption of single-use plastic has made this era become a plastic age, thus pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) should become our means of survival. This study aims to test whether norm activation theory which is commonly used to explain PEB on adults, could also shed some light in the same behaviour on children sample. Questionnaires, observation, and focus group discussion were used to obtain data from 533 fifth grade students in Jabodetabek, Indonesia. School environment, cultural background, age, length of study, and where the participants live are controlled. Data were then processed through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). As predicted, norm activation theory has an adequate goodness of fit. Moreover, this study discovers a new interpretation of the theory, that adverse consequence can directly predict personal norm and PEB, due to the malleability of this theory which is further explained in the discussion.

In this research, we show a development process of engagement sub-systems in a blended-learning management system and evaluate the impact of student interaction in the whole system. We develop special sub-systems for engagement purposes via forum, course rating, and class assignment modules. During the system development process, we employ continuous improvement methodology which helps to shorten the software delivery time without disturbing the overall operation. We evaluate the impact of engagement processes in terms of behavioral, emotional and cognitive aspects. Our evaluation results show that by employing the engagement sub-systems we have increased a 0.30 satisfaction point on average (1-5 Likert scale) for 11 evaluation survey questions distributed to 305 students during 2 times evaluation period. Another interesting finding from the surveys is that behavioral (discussion forum and attendance list sub-system) and cognitive (course rating sub-system) aspects have great influences for the students' activities (class assignment sub-system) which finally has a great impact on their cognitive performances.

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic impacted various lines in the international world, including Indonesia. Pandemic COVID-19 in Indonesia has also changed multiple performances in multiple sectors, one of which is education. The concept of learning from home changes lecturers' paradigm as educators in tertiary institutions applying online learning. This study aims to identify students' perceptions of the implementation of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study uses a qualitative research approach with the type of phenomenology. The subject of this study was 22 students in Indonesia who experienced the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research instrument uses semi-structured interview guidelines. Students perceive online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic as (1) ineffective learning activities; (2) unpleasant learning activities; (3) limit self-actualization in education; (4) helping to become an independent person in learning; and (5) fun learning activities. Higher Education should create innovative and creative online learning strategies. Thus, students have a high enthusiasm for online learning.

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes through the implementation of direct learning models that are supported by learning videos. Class action research refers to Kemmis and McTaggart's designs, which are carried out over two cycles. The subjects of the study were students of class X LVE 7 at VHS Dharma Bahari Surabaya. Data were collected using test and observation instruments. Test and observation data were analyzed descriptively based on standardized study completeness criteria. The results of this study found that student learning outcomes consistently increased from the pre-test scores, the value of the first cycle, to the value of the second cycle. Based on the pre-test score data, it is known that there are 16 or 53% of 30 students who reach the complete category. Learning outcomes are then improved in the first cycle, where there are 19 or 63% who reach the complete category. Meanwhile, in cycle II there were 23 or 77% of students who reached the complete category. This increase occurred consistently so that it was concluded that the use of direct learning models supported by learning videos was very effective for the learning of class X LVE 7 students at VHS Dharma Bahari Surabaya.

Self-efficacy and critical thinking represent two vital components for university graduates in the 21st century learning. However, several studies reported that these two important outcome predictors were unsatisfactory. This study aimed at investigating the effects of problem-based learning (PBL) on pre-service teachers' self-efficacy and critical thinking. A quasi-experimental nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design was utilized. A total of 44 pre-service elementary school teachers (aged 19-22) at a private university in Indonesia were assigned as experimental (n = 22) and control (n = 22) groups. The experimental group learning received PBL, while the control group learning with traditional college instruction. The Self-Efficacy Scale (SES) and the Critical Thinking Questionnaire (CTQ) were administered before and after the intervention in both groups. Independent and paired samples t-tests were employed to analyze the pretests and posttests data. The results indicated that PBL was more effective in increasing self-efficacy and critical thinking of pre-service elementary teachers than traditional teaching. It is suggested that PBL should be used more frequently in science learning to further enhance students' self-efficacy and critical thinking skills in higher education.