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Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that interfere with the body’s endocrine system and produce adverse developmental, reproductive, neurological, and immune effects in both humans and wildlife. One example of endocrine disruptor is phytoestrogen which is a group of naturally occurring compounds that have been reported to cause fertility problems in animals. The major phytoestrogen in soy products is genistein, which has potent estrogenic activity both in vitro and in vivo. Previous findings have demonstrated that the control of primordial follicle development and subsequent folliculogenesis appears to be mediated by local production and action of specific paracrine factors. Preliminary studies also have shown that steroid hormones like estrogen play a critical role in the onset of primordial follicle assembly. These findings led us to further look into the effects of genistein on estrous cyclicity and ovarian folliculogenesis specifically on pre-antral and antral follicular development including their possible effects on ovarian morphometry of sexually matured female albino rats. The objectives of the study was to determine the effects of genistein on estrous cyclicity and ovarian folliculogenesis specifically on pre-antral and antral follicular development including their possible effects on ovarian and uterine morphometry of sexually matured female albino rats. Furthermore, the study elucidated its effect on the apoptosis of granulose and theca cells resulting to follicular atresia. A total of 24 female albino rats approximately 2-3 months of age of almost the same size were used in this study.

In recent years, there has been rising interest in producing health-functional foods and beverages as people become more health-conscious. Amidst the interest, gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA), a key bioactive compound produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), is one of the most demanded compounds to be applied in the food industry due to its psychobiotic advantages. However, the limited number of studies focusing on specific areas of GABA application in the food industry complicates the general evaluation of its application. Hence, a systematic literature review was conducted to study the application of GABA in the food industry. Thirty-seven studies were chosen from PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus for data extraction and review. The three themes being emphasised in the present review are (1) GABA-producing strains, (2) GABA biosynthesis, and (3) GABA health benefits. Through the present review, the general idea of how GABA is applied in the food industry is highlighted. This may provide a better overview of the current research direction on GABA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. The study aimed to examine the influence of Teaching Game for Understanding (TGfU) and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) learning models on the elementary school students’ fundamental football skills in physical education. Materials and methods. This study is classified as experimental research. The research design used was quasi-experimental. A total of 46 elementary school students aged 10-11 years were the samples in this study. Of the 46 samples, 23 received the PBL learning model, whereas 23 received TGfU learning. Results. The research findings showed that: (1) there was a significant influence of the PBL learning model on fundamental football skills in physical education, with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05; (2) the TGfU learning model demonstrated a substantial effect on fundamental football skills, with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05; (3) a significant difference was observed between the PBL and TGfU learning models on fundamental football skills with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05, and the difference between the two groups was 10.69. Conclusions. According to the results obtained, the PBL and TGfU learning models have a positive influence on fundamental football skills.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) merupakan virus yang dapat memicu kerusakan pada sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia, menyebabkan infeksi pada orang yang terkena serta dapat mengurangi sistem kekebalan tubuh dan jika tidak segera disembuhkan akan terjangkit penyakit lain yang disebut dengan Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrom (AIDS). Kebutuhan obat ARV bagi ODHA mempengaruhi kebutuhan stok obat yang harus dipasok pemerintah ke Kabupaten/Kota. Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi bertanggung jawab atas perencanaan kebutuhan obat dari pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota, serta penerimaan permintaan obat, penyimpanan, pendistribusian, pencatatan dan pelaporan mutasi obat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk memahami bagaimana rangkaian proses pada supplier, dan penyimpanan obat agar obat tidak mengalami kekosongan atau kelebihan stok dengan menganalisis Rantai Pasok dan melakukan peramalan pada metode Double Exponential Smoothing yang didapatkan hasil presentase error terkecil pada obat Tenofovir dengan nilai MAPE 14,7%. Kata kunci: Stok obat, HIV ARV, Rantai pasok, Double Exponential Smoothing

Eceng gondok is a weed plant that lives in shallow water areas. The aim of this research was to determine the burn wound healing activity of an ethanol extract of Eceng gondok leaves. The study utilized 28 male mice with burn injuries as test animals, dividing them into 4 groups. We gave a gel containing an ethanol extract to the 10% group. The 0% group received a gel base; the positive control group received Bioplacenton® gel; and the negative control group received no treatment. For 14 days, we administered treatment to all treatment and control groups once a day and measured the burn wound's diameter using the Morton method every two days. Data shown were significant differences between the 10% extract group and the positive control groups. The concentration that is effective in burn wound healing is 10%, with the smallest wound diameter and the largest healing percentage.

This study aims to analyze the life of the Prophet Muhammad through a Freudian analysis. Although Sigmund Freud’s study of Islam is considered inaccurate in portraying Islam as a simplified repetition of Judaism, his psychoanalytic approach is useful to study the historical development of the Prophet’s life and his early community. By closely reading Ibn Ishaq’s Sīrat Rasūl Allāh (The Biography of the Prophet) and related library sources, this study sheds a new light on the changes and transformations of Muhammad’s personality and responses to historical events. This approach differs from previous scholarship that relied more on chronological narration and transmission or spiritual-philosophical reflections. Through Freudian psychoanalysis that he employed in Moses and Monotheism, this study analyzes the development of Muhammad’s characters, approaches, and reactions to historical occurrences as recorded in Ibn Ishaq’s biography of the Prophet Muhammad. This study demonstrates that the driving force of the Prophet’s responses to historical realities is not the feeling of guilt as Freud suggests, but a traumatic experience that leads to a series of changing characters and reactions to different sociological, religious, and psychological contexts. This finding not only challenges the relevance of the Freudian approach in the study of Islam but also revisits traditional narratives of the Prophet Muhammad.

Climate change has become a global issue affecting all countries in the last decades. This phenomenon poses a concern to Indonesia as it is one of the climate change’s epicenters. Various studies have shown that climate change can harm multiple community activities, such as unstable agricultural production, decreased people’s health, and global warming. This study tried to model and analyze climate change topics discussed in the media. Finding hidden topics from texts can provide clues and information regarding public conversation surrounding climate change, such as public thoughts, perceptions, and readiness to mitigate the possible adverse effects of climate change. In order to identify hidden subjects from the corpus, this work modeled climate change issues in Indonesia using the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) algorithm to analyze texts from Indonesian media headlines. As many as 7,000 headline data from five online media were collected from 2017 to 2021 using web scraping techniques. The proposed approach produced eight topics related to climate change, which were determined by the highest coherence value of 0.560. Those topics were renewable energy, carbon emissions, environmental management, development economics, international cooperation, policy/regulation, rehabilitation, and disaster. Based on the results, the model could sufficiently describe the theme of discussion in society and photograph public thoughts and the government’s readiness in the form of policies and regulations in dealing with the climate change phenomenon.

This study aims to analyze the differences in the implementation of zakat management in three different regions, namely East Lombok, Tegal, and Padang Panjang districts. Different approaches, such as economic empowerment, information technology, and integration with local government programs, underlie the implementation of zakat in each region. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection through in-depth interviews and document analysis. The results of zakat implementation in the three regions reflect variations in community empowerment. In East Lombok Regency, the economic empowerment approach has successfully increased the economic independence of zakat recipients through business training. In Tegal, information technology is used to facilitate zakat collection and distribution, creating efficiency and transparency. In Padang Panjang, the integration of zakat with local government programs resulted in the synergy of broader empowerment. The determinants of successful implementation include regional context, commitment to zakat institution, and community participation. Similar research by Muhammad Zumar Aminudin, Lila Pangestu Hadiningrum (2019) has described zakat approaches in different contexts, providing in-depth insights into variations in zakat implementation. The theoretical implication of this research highlights the importance of a contextual approach in zakat implementation. The practical implication provides guidance for zakat institutions, local governments, and communities in improving the effectiveness of zakat programs. In conclusion, the successful implementation of zakat requires an in-depth understanding of regional characteristics, selection of appropriate approaches, and adaptation to social and economic dynamics.

ABSTRAK – Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) adalah penyakit hematologi yang disebabkan oleh kerusakan autoimun pada trombosit sehingga menyebabkan seseorang mudah memar atau berdarah secara berlebihan. Penyakit ITP harus dideteksi sejak dini karena dapat mengakibatkan kelainan kronis atau jangka panjang sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan klasifikasi terhadap penyakit ITP dalam menghindari kesalahan diagnosis pasien dan dapat segera dilakukan penanganan dan pengobatan. Klasifikasi ini menggunakan metode kombinasi PSO-KNN Hasil yang diperoleh dari klasifikasi dengan metode kombinasi PSO-KNN adalah nilai akurasi sebesar 91.8% dengan peningkatan 4.9% dari KNN standar, nilai sensitivitas sebesar 91.2% dengan peningkatan 11.8% dari KNN standar, dan nilai spesifitas sebesar 92.6% dengan penurunan 3.7% dari KNN standar. % Waktu pelatihan dan pengujian dari PSO-KNN juga lebih cepat daripada KNN standar sehingga PSO mampu mengoptimalkan dan meningkatkan hasil klasifikasi dari KNN.

The purpose of this article is to reveal the Javanese translation of the word Anâ Allâh in QS. Taha/20: 9-15. To discuss the issue the author uses a critical content analysis and comparative analysis approach. The findings in this qualitative research are: first, the translators agreed to use Ingsun to translate Anâ Allâh. Second, they use Ingsun for Anâ Allâh because they want to dwell and honor Allah above everything, the Almighty. It is related to their understanding, awareness, and implementation of Javanese culture, unggah-ungguh (honorific speech). Third, they chose Ingsun to translate Anâ Allâh: philosophically, Ingsun is the Essence and Existence of God. Culturally ethically, Ingsun is only used by high-class people. An ordinary man who pronouns Ingsun for himself, shows that he is involved in conflict or doesn’t understand unggah-ungguh. Sufistically, Ingsun is a perfect word that represents a person's spiritual experience of uniting with his God. This research significantly contributes to the body of knowledge on ethical linguistics in religious texts, especially from a Javanese perspective which is relatively understudied by scholars of Islamic studies.

Salah satu masalah dalam perguruan tinggi adalah kasus drop out. Banyaknya mahasiswa yang mengalami drop out merupakan salah satu indikator yang mempengaruhi kualitas pembelajaran dan akreditasi yang sangat penting untuk keberlangsungan suatu institusi. Penelitian ini menerapkan algoritma Naive Bayes dan algoritma seleksi fitur Information Gain untuk melakukan klasifikasi mahasiswa drop out. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dua fitur yang berpengaruh paling signifikan terhadap klasifikasi mahasiswa drop out adalah jumlah SKS yang ditempuh dan nilai IPS pada semester 4. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa aspek akademik yang terkait dengan perkembangan studi mahasiswa berpengaruh dalam klasifikasi drop out. Penerapan seleksi fitur menggunakan metode Information Gain berhasil meningkatkan akurasi dan presisi dari model Naïve Bayes. Model yang dihasilkan mencapai akurasi sebesar 98.36%, presisi sebesar 88.37%, dan recall sebesar 97.44%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa seleksi fitur dengan metode Information Gain membantu dalam mengidentifikasi fitur-fitur penting yang berkontribusi terhadap kualitas model klasifikasi.

Background: The infant mortality rate in Indonesia is still relatively high at 15 per 1000 live births. Cause of Infant death can occur due to intrapartum complications, one of which is a respiratory system disorder in the form of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). The nesting and prone positions intervention can be made to optimize the oxygenation status of babies with RDS. However, it is necessary to see the effectiveness of both positions in increasing oxygen saturation. Objective: This study aims to determine differences in oxygen saturation in infants with RDS who are given nesting and pronation. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental with a two-group pretest-posttest design. The total sample of 36 respondents was divided into the nesting and pronation group positions with the consecutive sampling technique. Oxygen saturation levels were measured using a pulse oximeter before and after the intervention for 15 minutes in one day. The analytical test is a paired t-test and an independent t-test. Results: The statistical test results for the pretest-posttest difference in oxygen saturation (p

Abstract Recent advances in high-throughput experiments and systems biology approaches have resulted in hundreds of publications identifying “immune signatures”. Unfortunately, these are often described within text, figures, or tables in a format not amenable to computational processing, thus severely hampering our ability to fully exploit this information. Here we present a data model to represent immune signatures, along with the Human Immunology Project Consortium (HIPC) Dashboard ( www.hipc-dashboard.org ), a web-enabled application to facilitate signature access and querying. The data model captures the biological response components (e.g., genes, proteins, cell types or metabolites) and metadata describing the context under which the signature was identified using standardized terms from established resources (e.g., HGNC, Protein Ontology, Cell Ontology). We have manually curated a collection of >600 immune signatures from >60 published studies profiling human vaccination responses for the current release. The system will aid in building a broader understanding of the human immune response to stimuli by enabling researchers to easily access and interrogate published immune signatures.

Measurement(s) Transcriptomics • Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay • IgG IgM IgA Total Measurement • Virus-neutralizing Antibody • ELISA Technology Type(s) Microarray • RNA sequencing • Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay • ELISA • Microneutralization Assay • serum neutralization of viral infectivity assay Sample Characteristic - Organism Homo sapiens

Nowadays, the improvement in resources, especially among women, is considered. One of the efforts to empower women in the village can be done through the assistance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This research-based community service aims to assist the community, especially women (housewives) in Pojok Village of Magetan Regency, in developing home businesses. This community service is carried out by using ABCD approach, which is an approach to understanding and internalizing assets, potential, strength, and utilization independently and optimally. The results of the community service carried out by researchers have positive impact to the community and it fosters a high desire and enthusiasm to make changes for the better in the development of marketing businesses, both during the mentoring process and post-mentoring so that the economy in Pojok Village, Magetan Regency can increase

Background: Ocean surface currents need to be monitored to minimize accidents at ship crossings. One way to predict ocean currents—and estimate the danger level of the sea—is by finding out the currents’ velocity and their future direction. Objective: This study aims to predict the velocity and direction of ocean surface currents. Methods: This research uses the Elman recurrent neural network (ERNN). This study used 3,750 long-term data and 72 short-term data. Results: The evaluation with Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) achieved the best results in short-term predictions. The best MAPE of the U currents (east to west) was 14.0279% with five inputs; the first and second hidden layers were 50 and 100, and the learning rate was 0.3. While the best MAPE of the V currents (north to south) was 3.1253% with five inputs, the first and second hidden layers were 20 and 50, and the learning rate was 0.1. The ocean surface currents’ prediction indicates that the current state is from east to south with a magnitude of around 169,5773°-175,7127° resulting in a MAPE of 0.0668%. Conclusion: ERNN is more effective than single exponential smoothing and RBFNN in ocean current prediction studies because it produces a smaller error value. In addition, the ERNN method is good for short-term ocean surface currents but is not optimal for long-term current predictions. Keywords: MAPE, ERNN, ocean currents, ocean currents’ velocity, ocean currents’ directions

Lingkungan keluarga dan sosial mempengaruhi karakter anak-anak. Nilai-nilai religiusitas sangat dibutuhkan oleh anak-anak. Karenanya, artikel ini membahas sebuah penelitian mengenai strategi keluarga muslim dalam penguatan religiusitas anak pada masyarakat multi agama gunungkidul, untuk mengkaji bagaimana keberhasilan keluarga muslim dalam penguatan religiusitas anak, untuk menemukan faktor penghambat dan strategi mengatasi hambatan tersebut. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian fenomenologis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Subyek dari penelitian ini adalah keluarga muslim yang mempunyai anak usia 6-12 tahun. Selain itu, berdasarkan karakteristik latar belakang pendidikan agama orang tua, pekerjaan, dan ketokohan dalam masyarakat kuwangen lor. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teori dari Miles dan Huberman yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 1. Strategi keluarga muslim dalam penguatan religiusitas anak: Keteladanan dalam penguatan aqidah, pembiasaan dalam ibadah, pemberian nasehat, pengawasan terhadap pergaulan anak, keteladanan dalam berperilaku, serta penerapan hadiah dan hukuman yang mendidik. 2. Keberhasilan keluarga muslim dalam penguatan religiusitas anak yaitu terdapat tiga tingkatan. Kategori sangat baik terdapat pada aspek pengetahuan agama, praktik agama dan konsekuensi karena menggunakan empat strategi yaitu keteladanan, nasehat, pembiasaan, hadiah dan hukuman mendidik. Kategori baik terdapat pada aspek keyakinan, karena menggunakan tiga strategi yaitu keteladanan, pembiasaan dan nasehat. Kategori cukup terdapat pada aspek penghayatan karena menggunakan dua strategi yaitu nasehat dan keteladanan.3. Faktor penghambat yaitu kurangnya ilmu pengetahuan, pemahaman agama, pola pengasuhan anak oleh orang tua, penggunaan HP dan televisi yg berlebihan serta pergaulan teman sebaya. Strategi mengatasi hambatan yaitu membuat jadwal kesepakatan antara orang tua dengan anak, memberikan hadiah dan hukuman yang mendidik, dan memberikan fasilitas penunjang untuk penguatan religiusitas anak.

Background and Aims: Individuals of African (AFR) ancestry have a higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) than those of European (EUR) ancestry and exhibit significant health disparities. Previous studies have noted differences in the tumor microenvironment between AFR and EUR patients with CRC. However, the molecular regulatory processes that underpin these immune differences remain largely unknown. Methods: Multiomics analysis was carried out for 55 AFR and 456 EUR patients with microsatellite-stable CRC using The Cancer Genome Atlas. We evaluated the tumor microenvironment by using gene expression and methylation data, transcription factor, and master transcriptional regulator analysis to identify the cell signaling pathways mediating the observed phenotypic differences. Results: We demonstrate that downregulated genes in AFR patients with CRC showed enrichment for canonical pathways, including chemokine signaling. Moreover, evaluation of the tumor microenvironment showed that cytotoxic lymphocytes and neutrophil cell populations are significantly decreased in AFR compared with EUR patients, suggesting AFR patients have an attenuated immune response. We further demonstrate that molecules called “master transcriptional regulators” (MTRs) play a critical role in regulating the expression of genes impacting key immune processes through an intricate signal transduction network mediated by disease-associated transcription factors (TFs). Furthermore, a core set of these MTRs and TFs showed a positive correlation with levels of cytotoxic lymphocytes and neutrophils across both AFR and EUR patients with CRC, thus suggesting their role in driving the immune infiltrate differences between the two ancestral groups. Conclusion: Our study provides an insight into the intricate regulatory landscape of MTRs and TFs that orchestrate the differences in the tumor microenvironment between patients with CRC of AFR and EUR ancestry.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui model project based learning dalam meningkatkan kebermaknaan belajar pada pembelajaran jarak jauh PAI sub Pelajaran “Mari Ikhlas Beramal” di SDN Pereng dan SDN 2 Cucukan, Prambanan 2021.Variabel yang menjadi sasaran perubahan adalah kebermaknaan belajar yang dilihat dari peningkatan penguasaan konsep, aktivitas belajar, respon peserta didik dan kemampuan berfikir kritis peserta didik dengan model project based learning. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan menggunakan model siklus yang terdiri dari dua siklus. Sebagai subjek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas V SDN Pereng yang berjumlah 18 peserta didik dan peserta didik kelas V yang berjumlah 25. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi aktivitas belajar dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model analisis kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada peningkatan Kebermaknaan belajar pada peserta didik kelas V Sub Pelajaran “Mari Ikhlas Beramal” setelah dilaksanakan tindakan kelas dengan penggunaan model project based learning.

The lack of physical activity that is applied in Kindergarten (PAUD) has a bad impact on the future of children. It was revealed that the designed curriculum was more dominant in the development of academic achievement. The study purpose was to develop basic movement skills in kindergarten students based on physical literacy. Materials and methods. The method used in this study was research and development methods using quantitative and qualitative settings. With a population of all kindergarten teachers in Cilacap Regency which amounted to 1,387 teachers from 350 kindergartens, the sample used was 52 teachers who were taken by proportional sampling. The data analysis technique used in his study was descriptive quantitative data analysis techniques with percentages. Results. The research findings show that each item of the statement of physical activity variables in developing students' basic movements can be seen from the average value of 4.205 which is in the very good category scale range. The statement that has the smallest average value in statement number 2 is “Do students have enough physical activity at school?” and has a value of 3.827 with a good category. While the highest average in statement number 1 is “Are Kindergarten students' physical activities held at school?” with an average value of 4.423 very good category. Conclusions. Therefore, it can be concluded that "kindergarten students' physical activities held in schools" give a very good impression and are beneficial for kindergarten (PAUD) children for their growth and development.

This study aims to determine the effect of family support, learning strategies and lecturers’ professional competence through self-regulated learning mediator on the online learning motivation of students of the Faculty of Islamic Religion (FAI) PTKIS III (UMY and UAD). The research analysis uses the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with the assistance of AMOS program. The results show that there is a significant effect of family support, learning strategies and lecturers’ professional competence through self-regulated learning mediator on online learning motivation. Based on the results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), it is found that after the Modification Indices, the criteria of Goodness of Fit is met with a Chi-square value of 56,760, Sig-Probability 0,94, CMIN/DF 1,290, GFI 0,963, CFI 0,983, TLI 0,983, NFI 0,952, RMSEA 0.032 and RMR 0.124. From these results, it is indicated that the model is fit. The implication of this research for the community is to increase motivation to learn online, it requires family emotional support, learning strategies by creating a high and fun learning strategies and good learning programs.

This research aimed to identify the influence of gadget and parenting pattern on the students’ social behavior at grade V and VI of SD Prembanan Prembulan Pandowan Galur Kulon Progo Yogyakarta, as well as to identify which variable was more influential on students’ social behavior. This research was quantitative research with a total of 55 students of classes V and VI. The data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. The linear regression test resulted in the value of Sig 0.000 which indicated that gadget and parenting pattern were simultaneously influential on students’ social behavior; as seen from the percentage of 94.5%. The t-test of the regression analysis resulted in 8.894 which indicated that the variable of gadget gave an influence on the students’ social behavior. Whilst its significance amounted at 0.000 which indicated that gadget usage gave influence to students’ social behavior to the extent of 69.6%. Furthermore, the t-test on the variable of parenting pattern resulted in 3.323 and the significance value of 0.002. The results indicated that parenting pattern gave an influence on students’ social behavior to the extent of 24.9%.

Critical thinking and self-voicing are two demanding skills that facilitate students to produce concise, authorial academic texts. While most writing programs and research have paid much attention to improving students’ writing achievement, less attention is given to promote these two skills in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing classrooms. This article reports a classroom-based study investigating the use of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) technique to promote EFL students’ academic writing skills. It particularly examines how the CIRC technique helps to foster students’ critical and self-voicing stance in developing argumentative texts. A participatory qualitative study was employed, involving 64 undergraduate students majoring in English Education. Data were generated from the participants’ writing portfolios, observations, and the teacher’s reflections. The collected data were managed, classified, and analyzed using NVivo 12 to elicit the emerging themes. Drawing on the qualitative content analysis, the results showed that the CIRC technique helped to shape the participants’ critical thinking and self-voicing skills which were consistently demonstrated during the student-centered activities and their writing results. The participants could engage in productive writing processes, such as critical reading, note-taking, summarizing, drafting and revising composition, peer-reviewing, and other related collaborative skills. The findings indicated that the development of students’ critical thinking and self-voicing skills simultaneously affected the quality of their academic writing texts.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui konsep kepribadian manusia, teori filsafat manusia, serta metode dan pendekatan Hasan Langgulung dalam membangun psikologi Islam. Metode penelitian adalah studi kepustakaan (Library Research), dengan metode analisis adalah analisis isi (Content Analysis). Hasil Penelitian Pertama, bahwa manusia terdiri dari jasmani dan rohani, memiliki faculty-faculty meliputi fitrah yang baik, ruh, kebebasan kemauan dan akal.  Kedudukan manusia di alam semesta sangat istimewa sebab mempunyai faculty-faculty tersebut. Maka diperlukanlah pendidikan yang berfokus pada pengembangan pribadi yang seimbang dan mampu menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungannya dengan berorientasi pada iman dan amal shalih. Hasan Langgulung memperkenalkan paradigma ummatik dalam psikologi Islam. Hakikat psikologi Islam adalah penerapan-penerapan dan berbagai aspek kosmologi Islam tradisional. Tujuan utama utama psikologi Islam sebagai pembinaan manusia harus memenuhi tiga bidang binaan meliputi jasmani, akal dan rohani. Sedangkan dasar pembinaan manusia untuk menjadi pribadi yang sehat, wajar dan seimbang. Kedua, Kepribadian al-nafs al-muthmainnah bentuk tertinggi yang dicapai dengan proses tazkiyatun al-nafs. Ketiga, Metode psikologi Islam Hasan Langgulung adalah metode idealistik. Keempat, Pendekatan psikologi Islam Hasan Langgulung adalah skriptualistik dan tasawwuf.

The high prevalence of hypertension and the long-term of antihypertensive treatments required are the main reasons for the need of economic analysis on the costs of hypertensive treatment. This study aims to quantify direct medical cost of hypertension. This study uses retrospective cost of illness analysis in descriptive observational design with heath care perspective. Data were collected from the hospital’s management information system, patient's prescriptions and patient's medical records. Fifty-eight patient’s data were analyzed. Direct medical cost of the patient without comorbidities in stage 1 hypertension was Rp 535,660 ± 100,681, stage 2 hypertension was Rp 381,940 ± 126,423 and hypertensive crises was Rp 456,241 ± 197,959. Direct medical cost of the patients with comorbidities in stage 1 hypertension was Rp 398,750 ± 240,542, stage 2 hypertension was Rp 486,227 ± 241,136 and hypertensive crises was Rp 425,816 ± 140,898. Direct medical costs for patients with compelling indications in stage 1 hypertension was Rp 512,810 ± 152,661, stage 2 hypertension was Rp 444,183 ± 109,162 and hypertensive crises was Rp 410,364 ± 80,388. Cost for drugs was represented as the largest component of direct medical cost (37.49%) followes by cost for ward (26.54%), medical treatment fee (15.88%), medical support fee (9.05%), doctor visit fee (8.12%) and service fee (2.91%). The hypertension's stage, comorbidities and compelling indications are not affecting the cost of therapy. The rational use of drugs will decrease the cost of hypertension treatment.

This article aimed to describe communication pattern of parents among millennial adolescents and explain effective specific strategies of parental communication in shaping social intelligence among millennial adolescents. This is a field research that is a descriptive analytic study in nature with a qualitative approach that is ethnographic. Purposive sample was used and the data were collected through interview, observation, and document. The research credibility was done using the triangulation of source and method. The obtained data were then analyzed qualitatively using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing.The findings of the research are; firstly, the communication patterns used by family whose background is teachers in Bumirejo village are democratic and permissive communication patterns. Parents who implement democratic communication have communication characteristics such as having an open communication, cooperation, a mutual relation, and socializing with the society and motivating the adolescents. Secondly, in order to have a good communication in a family, some strategies done by the family whose background is teachersin Bumirejo village are such as by having a direct communication via a comfortable approach and by limiting their children’ access in using mobile phones.

This research is a study of the process and results of Prophetic Intelligence development conducted by Kalong students (students who are not staying in the school) in the Roudhotul Muttaqien Islamic boarding school led by KH Hamdani Bakran Adz Dzakiey. This type of research is qualitative research design with Phenomenology Study. Data collection techniques used involved observation, interview, and documentation. Qualitative data analysis used Interpretative Phenomenology Analysis (IPA) and Validity testing used triangulation and reflection. The results of this study are; 1) there are several transformation phases of the mystical experience of the kalong student with three sequences, a) Pre-transformation process in the desire to feel the essence of worship, b) the process of transformation in the derive of mystical experience towards Allah, and c) Post-transformation process that describes changes in a more religious mindset and more polite behavior and gives benefit to the surrounding. The mastery of prophetic intelligence by kalong student is grouped in two ways; a) mastery of quantitative competencies, including mastery of intellectual intelligence, spiritual intelligence, emotional intelligence, and perceptual intelligence in a prophetic perspective, b) mastery of qualitative competencies in accordance with the essence of prophetic intelligence, such as turning the body into a light that shows the attainment of clarity of heart, obtaining abilities that had not previously been studied (getting Laduni's knowledge).

Biodiesel production is generally accomplished by the transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats with a short chain alcohol (mostly methanol) in the presence of an alkali catalyst (mostly potassium or sodium hydroxide) in continuous stirred tank reactors. This chemical reaction requires heating at around 60°C and usually takes about 60 to 120 min. When using oil/fat feedstocks containing high free fatty acids (FFA) contents, acid esterification is often required to prevent the saponification of fatty acids with the base catalyst in the subsequent transesterification. These impose high energy and time requirements. In the present study, we introduce a novel chemical multifunctional process intensifier involving a reaction zone with magnetostrictive cylindrical particles (agents) subjected to an oscillating electromagnetic field for efficient biodiesel production from high FFA content feedstocks. The results obtained revealed that the esterification and transesterification reactions could be substantially intensified under the action of an oscillating electromagnetic field that forces magnetostrictive agents to rapidly vibrate and intensify the mixing of the reagents. Complete conversion of oils was observed at an extremely short reaction time (30–180 s) and at the ambient temperature. Using the investigated technology, oil/fat mixtures with higher initial FFA contents, i.e., ~9%, could be used in alkali catalyzed transesterification processes compared with conventional reactors (capable of handling FFA contents of ~2.5%).

High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is the ability to connect, manipulate, and change the knowledge and experience that is owned critically and creatively in determining decisions to solve problems in new situations. To include HOTS questions in a learning process is an obstacle for Madrasah teachers, including teachers of PC. LP. Maarif NU Lamongan. This community service aimed at improving the pedagogical competence of mathematics teachers of PC. LP. Maarif NU Lamongan. Community-Based Research (CBR) was employed through workshop and training administered by the Mathematics Study Program of UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya in designing and completing high order thinking questions followed by assistance. The results indicated that the ability of Madrasah teachers to solve HOTS questions as well as its implementation in classroom teaching and learning activities improved significantly.

Kondisi cuaca memiliki kecenderungan berubah, untuk itu badan meteorologi bekerja memprediksi perkiraan cuaca agar dapat memberikan peringatan dini apabila terjadi perubahan cuaca yang mendadak atau bahkan ekstrem. Dengan memprakirakan cuaca yang datang mendadak secara akurat, maka dapat mengambil langkah pencegahan agar dapat meminimalkan kerugian yang akan terjadi. Diperlukan beberapa variable atau parameter yang relevan untuk dapat memodelkan data dengan baik sehingga hasil prediksinya menjadi lebih akurat. Salah satu pendekatan pemodelan data untuk prediksi cuaca adalah supervised learning dengan teknik estimasi. Estimasi memberikan prediksi nilai pada atribut target atau class attribute yang bertipe numerical. Regresi linear berganda merupakan salah satu algoritma estimasi yang handal untuk memprediksi cuaca. Empat variable independent yakni, suhu, kelembaban, tekanan, dan kecepatan angin digunakan untuk memprakirakan curah hujan sebagai variable dependent. Data yang digunakan adalah data BMKG dari Stasiun Meteorologi Ahmad Yani Semarang tahun 2015-2017. Nilai koefisien determinasi R2 sebesar 25.5 persen menunjukkan bahwa keempat variabel yang digunakan secara bersamaan dapat menjelaskan nilai curah hujan sebagai variable dependent.