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Ariopsis seemanni (G��nther, 1864). Tete Sea Catfish; Cominata Negra, Bagre Tete. Distribution: Global: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from the Gulf of California, Mexico, to northern Peru; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; Costa Rica: Ni, Te, Be, Ba, Ta and Tr (Pacific), 0��� 32 m.a.s.l., Per, Dia. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, LC. References: Bussing (1987: 100; 1998: 139; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo et al. (2013: 993, as Sciades seemanni ���synonym; listed, including taxonomic information and distributional data) and Robertson & Allen (2015: 574; detailed description, including illustrations, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology)., Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, 2021, New records and range extensions to the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna, with an updated checklist, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 5083 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5800630, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2015) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: online information system. Version 2.0. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. Available from: https: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / sftep / en / pages (accessed 27 August 2021)."]}

Ariopsis seemanni (G��nther, 1864) Congo Prieto or Musengue (Spanish, Panama) Figures 18 and 19, Tables 2���4 and 11. Arius seemanni G��nther, 1864:147. Type locality: Central America (Pacific). Holotype (unique): BMNH 1855.9.19.1107. Tachisurus jordani Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888:142. Type locality: Panama (Pacific). Syntypes: MCZ 4945 (2). Galeichthys eigenmanni Gilbert & Starks, 1904:21, Pl. 4, fig. 8. Type locality: Panama. Holotype: CAS-SU 6986. Paratypes: (11) BMNH 1903.5.15.319���320; CAS-SU 12878���80 (1, 1, 1); USNM 50379 (1); ZMB 15858 [ex USNM] (2). Arius seemanni, Kailola & Bussing, 1995: 874. Ariopsis seemanni, Robertson & Allen, 2015. Material examined. Holotype: BMNH 1855.9.19.1107 (1, 227 mm SL). Non-type specimens: MCZ 4945 (2, 198��� 201 mm SL), Panama; STRI 15948 (1, 178 mm SL), El Salvador, Acajutla; STRI 12668 (1, 171 mm SL), Panama, bah��a de Parita; STRI 12667 (1, 177 mm SL), Panama, Bah��a de Parita; STRI 17240 (1, 314 mm SL), Panama, isla Majagual; STRI 17241 (2, 155��� 219 mm SL), Panama, Isla Majagual; STRI 9297 (1, 204 mm SL), Panama, Punta Chame outer beach and inside lagoon; STRI 16754 (1, 153 mm SL), Panama, Bah��a de Panama, isla Naos; STRI 3071 (1, 145 mm SL), Panama, Veracruz Beach; FMNH 19791 (2, 226��� 285 mm SL), Panama, Chame Point. Diagnosis. Ariopsis seemanni can be differentiated from its congeners as follows: from A. assimilis, from Mexico (Quintana Roo) to Honduras (Caribbean), by the presence of an osseous medial groove (vs. absent; Figs. 3 and 19), lateral margin of sphenotic notched, narrower medially than anteriorly (vs. straight, as wide medially as anteriorly, Figs. 3 and 19); from A. canteri, from the Colombian Caribbean, by the presence of an osseous medial groove (vs. absent; Figs. 3 and 19), lateral margin of sphenotic notched, narrower medially than anteriorly (vs. straight, as wide medially as anteriorly, Figs. 3 and 19); from A. felis, from Massachusetts (US) to Yucat��n in Mexico (Caribbean), by its fleshy medial groove of neurocranium, never surpassing posterior margin of eyes (vs. very long, always surpassing the posterior margin of eyes, Figs. 4 and 19), pterotic lateral margin convex, sometimes angled (vs. smoothly convex, Figs. 3 and 19); from A. gilberti, from Mexico (EP), by the presence of 30���36 gill rakers on the first and second gill arches (combined counts; vs. 40���42), fleshy medial groove of neurocranium conspicuous or inconspicuous, but never surpassing posterior margin of eyes (vs. conspicuous and very long, always surpassing the posterior margin of eyes, Figs. 3 and 19); from A. guatemalensis, from Mexico to Costa Rica (EP), by its narrower mouth 9.7���12.7% SL (vs. 13.0���15.2% SL), osseous medial groove present (vs. absent; Figs. 3 and 19), lateral margin of sphenotic notched, narrower medially than anteriorly (vs. straight, as wide medially as anteriorly, Figs. 3 and 19), median portion of mesethmoid narrow (vs. wide, Fig. 3), medial notch of mesethmoid narrow and deep (vs. large and shallow, Fig. 3); from A. jimenezi, from Archipi��lago de Las Perlas in Panama (EP), by its fleshy medial groove of neurocranium, conspicuous or inconspicuous, but never surpassing posterior margin of eyes (vs. conspicuous and very long, always surpassing the posterior margin of eyes, Figs. 4 and 19), pterotic lateral margin markedly convex, sometimes angled (vs. smoothly convex, Figs. 3 and 19), external posterior branch of lateral ethmoid columnar and thin (vs. depressed and thick, Fig. 3), fenestra delimited by mesethmoid and lateral ethmoid conspicuous (vs. inconspicuous, Fig. 3); from A. simonsi, from Colombia to Peru (EP), by its notched lateral margin of sphenotic, narrower medially than anteriorly (vs. straight, as wide medially as anteriorly, Figs. 3 and 19). Description. Morphometrics and meristics summarized in Table 2���4, 11. Head moderately long, wide and high, especially depressed at lateral ethmoid and frontal area, profile slightly elevated posteriorly, straight from mesethmoid to parietosupraoccipital. Snout rounded and moderately long. Anterior nostril rounded, with fleshy edge, posterior nostril covered by flap of skin, moderately separated and moderately distant from orbit, not connected by fleshy furrow. Eye lateral, moderately large and distant to one another. Three pairs of long teretiform barbels; maxillary barbel surpassing or not membranous portion of operculum, lateral and mesial mental barbel not reaching posterior margin of gill membrane. Osseous bridge formed by lateral ethmoid and frontal moderately long and slender, delimiting a fenestra little evident under the skin. Cephalic shield exposed, moderately long and moderately wide on supracleithrum, lateral ethmoid and frontal areas, with thick granulation, forming distinct patterns from eyes to parietosupraoccipital procces. Fleshy portion of dorsomedial groove of neurocranium, affixed to anterior cranial fontanel, moderately long and conspicuoust, not surpassing eyes. Lateral margin of sphenotic notched, narrower medially than anteriorly. Pterotic lateral margin convex, sometimes angled. Parietosupraoccipital keeled, triangular, with straight lateral margins converging posteriorly, relatively short and moderately wide at posterior portion, with posterior margin convex. Nuchal plate crescent���shaped, conspicuously granulated dorsally, moderately long and narrow. Mouth subterminal, moderately large, with lips moderately thick and lower jaw arched. Vomerine tooth plates rounded. One pair of accessory tooth plates ovate, with sharp teeth. Premaxilla rectangular transversally, long and wide, with sharp teeth. Dentary with eyebrow-shaped patch of teeth, separated at midline with sharp teeth. Gill membranes fused, attached to isthmus. Fifteen to 18 acicular gill rakers on first arch, 15���18 spike-shaped gill rakers on second arch and rakers present on posterior margin of all gill arches. Caudal-fin lower lobe length 2 29.4 29.1���29.7 Body wider than its height at pectoral girdle area, progressively compressed from pectoral to caudal peduncle, ventrally flattened from pectoral girdle to anal origin. Lateral line sloping ventrally on anterior one-third, extending posteriorly to caudal peduncle, bending abruptly onto dorsal lobe of caudal. Dorsal fin spine relatively short and thick, almost as long as pectoral-fin spine; anterior margin granulated on basal two-thirds, with weak serrations on distal third; posterior margin smooth on basal third, distal third with weak serrations. Seven dorsal fin soft rays. Pectoral fin spine moderately long and thick; two-thirds of anterior margin weakly granulated, with weak serrations on distal third; posterior margin straight on basal one-fourth, distal three-fourths with serrations. Nine to ten pectoral fin soft rays. Posterior process of cleithrum triangular, smooth to rugose, slightly visible. Pelvic fin deep and large at base, with six rays, and well-developed fleshy protuberances in adult females. Adipose fin low, with base moderately long, shorter than anal base. Anal fin moderately high and long at base, with 18���20 rays and ventral profile convex. Caudal peduncle moderately high. Caudal-fin forked, dorsal and ventral lobes moderately long, dorsal lobe somewhat longer than ventral lobe and pointed. Maximum length: May exceed 350 mm Tl. Coloration in alcohol. Head and body dark brown to bluish above, whitish below; dorsal surfaces of pelvic proximally black, distally lighter; anal dark, distal tips lighter; caudal grayish to blackish (Fig. 18). Sexual dimorphism. Only females have well-developed fleshy protuberances or pads in basal portion of pelvics, especially during reproductive season. Vomerine tooth patches and accessory tooth patches not observed directly, but possibly showing same variation described for A. canteri and A. jimenezi. Distribution and habitat. Ariopsis seemanni occurs in estuarine and marine waters, from El Salvador to Panama (EP) (Fig. 5). In Panama, it is abundant in tidal rivers and high salinity salt pans, but has not been recorded from freshwaters. Molecular evidence and phylogenetic relationships. Our phylogenetic analyses failed to support the monophyly Ariopsis seemanni, suggesting the existence of a species complex segregated by geography (Fig. 9). Examined specimens from Panama and El Salvador are not each other���s closest relatives. Instead, the specimen from El Salvador appears to be closer to the new Caribbean species, A. canteri. Remarks. Arius seemanni was described by G��nther (1864), based on a single specimen collected in Pacific coast of Central America (Figs. 18 and 19). The original description recognizes Ariopsis seemanni based on morphometric, meristic and osteological characteristics that are clearly also present in other species in the genus (i.e., are not diagnostic). Here, A. seemanni is tentatively delimited based on a combination of morphometric, meristic, and osteological characters. The molecular evidence, however, failed to resolve the species as monophyletic (see above). The apparent absence of conspicuous or unique features in A. seemanni may also explain the difficulties faced by previous ichthyologists in delimiting this species. In fact, most nominal species in the tropical EP (except for Ariopsis guatemalensis) have at times been subsumed in synonymy under A. seemanni. Galeichthys eigenmanni from Panama, described by Gilbert & Starks (1904), is confirmed as a junior synonym of A. seemanni (sensu Regan, 1906 ���1908; Meek & Hildebrand, 1923; Kailola & Bussing, 1995), while Ariopsis gilberti and Ariopsis simonsi have been taxonomically redefined herein. Tachisurus jordani Eigenmann & Eigenmann (1888), described from the EP of Panama, is recognized as valid by Eigenmann & Eigenmann (1889), Jordan & Everman (1896), Meek & Hildebrand (1923), and Hildebrand (1946). Galeichthys jordani (sensu Meek & Hildebrand, 1923) was differentiated from Ariopsis seemanni based on qualitative degrees of granulation on the cephalic shield, i.e., ���roughly granular vs. smooth��� or ���slightly granular���, ���median keel of the occipital process low and blunt vs. sharp���, ���snout very low, and the eye small vs. larger��� (see Meek & Hildebrand, 1923: 105). Because our perusal of these characters reveal intraspecific variation and ontogenetic variation, they cannot be used as diagnostic. For these reasons, we follow the opinion of Regan (1906���08) and Kailola & Bussing (1995) that T. jordani is a junior synonym of Ariopsis seemanni, but acknowledge that the species, as delimited herein, possibly represents a species complex., Published as part of Marceniuk, Alexandre P., Acero, Arturo, Cooke, Richard & Betancur-R, Ricardo, 2017, Taxonomic revision of the New World genus Ariopsis Gill (Siluriformes: Ariidae), with description of two new species, pp. 1-42 in Zootaxa 4290 (1) on pages 31-35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4290.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/828843, {"references":["Gunther, A. (1864) Catalogue of the Fishes in the British Museum. Fol. 5. Catalogue of the Physostomi, Containing the Families Siluridae, Characinidae, Haplochitonidae, Sternoptychidae, Scopelidae, Stomiatidae in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees, London, xxii + 455 pp.","Eigenmann, C. H. & Eigenmann, R. S. (1888) Preliminary notes on South American Nematognathi, I. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 2 (1), 119 - 172.","Gilbert, C. H. & Starks, E. C. (1904) The fishes of Panama Bay. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences, 4, 1 - 304.","Kailola, P. J. & Bussing, W. A. (1995) Ariidae. In: Fischer, W., Krupp, F., Schneider, W., Sommer, C., Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (Eds.), Guia FAO para la identificacion para loses de la pesca. Pacifico Centro-oriental. Fol. II. Vertebrados-Parte 1. FAO, Rome, pp. 860 - 886","Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2015) Shorefishes of the tropical Eastern Pacific: online information system. Fersion 2.0. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. Available from: http: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / sftep / en / pages (accessed 22 May 2017)","Regan, C. T. (1906 - 1908) Pisces. In: Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Central-Americana, Part 193, pp. 1 - 203.","Meek, S. E. & Hildebrand, S. F. (1923) The marine fishes of Panama. - Part I. Publication. Zoological Series, Field Museum of Natural History, 15, i - xi + 1 - 330, pls. 1 - 24.","Jordan, D. S. & Evermann, B. W. (1896 - 98) The fishes of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part I. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, 47, 1 - 1240.","Hildebrand, S. F. (1946) A descriptive catalog of the shore fishes of Peru. In: United States National Museum Bulletin 189. Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C., pp. 1 - 530."]}

En peces, el nervio óptico es el encargado de transportar la información integrada por las células ganglionares de la retina hacia el tectum óptico, para que se generen imágenes acerca del entorno. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir morfométricamente el nervio óptico del tiburoncito (Ariopsis seemanni), para lo cual se utilizó la Microscopía óptica de Alta Resolución (MOAR), realizando cortes a 1 micra de espesor. El nervio óptico de A. seemanni presenta fibras mielínicas de diverso calibre, acompañadas de oligodendrocitos y astrocitos. El nervio está cubierto por las meninges, que presentan vasos sanguíneos y adipocitos. El nervio tiene un área total de 179604 ± 30163 µm2, diámetro de 478 ± 42 µm y un número total de fibras mielínicas de 22848 ± 4350, de las cuales la mayoría tiene un tamaño pequeño, que puede estar relacionado con una velocidad de conducción baja.

El tiburoncito (Ariopsis seemanni) es un pez ornamental con gran potencial en el mercado acuarista nacional e internacional, sin embargo se desconocen muchos aspectos de su biología básica. Por tal motivo, se planteó el estudio histológico del tracto digestivo de esta especie. Se sacrificaron 10 juveniles de A. seemanni por una sobredosis de benzocaina (0,5 g/L) y se fijaron en formaldehído al 4% por cinco días a 4ºC. Se disectaron los individuos y el tracto digestivo fue dividido en cinco niveles: esófago, estómago, intestino anterior, intestino medio e intestino posterior. Se siguió el procedimiento para la técnica en parafina, realizándose cortes semiseriados a 5 µm de espesor los cuales se tiñeron con la técnica H&E. El tracto digestivo de A. seemanni presentó las cuatro capas constitutivas reportadas para otros teleósteos: mucosa, submucosa, muscular y serosa. La mucosa del esófago estaba constituida por epitelio plano estratificado con gran número de células alarma y caliciformes, una submucosa de tejido conectivo laxo y una capa de músculo estriado esquelético con dos orientaciones (longitudinal interna y circular externa) seguido de una delgada capa serosa de epitelio escamoso simple. La composición tisular de la capa submucosa y serosa fue similar en los otros niveles del tracto digestivo. La mucosa del estómago y los tres niveles del intestino presentó un epitelio cilíndrico simple y una capa muscular de músculo liso con dos orientaciones (circular interna y longitudinal externa). Sin embargo la mucosa del estómago exhibió gran cantidad de glándulas gástricas y la submucosa del intestino anterior y medio un tejido linfoide. La morfología e histología presentada por A. seemanni es típica de un pez bentónico de hábitos alimenticios carnívoros, el cual consume alimentos de consistencia dura.

Este experimento tuvo como objetivo evaluar el crecimiento y la supervivencia de juveniles de tiburoncito Ariopsis seemanni, una especie ictica del Pacifico Colombiano, alimentándola de cinco dietas comerciales, con la finalidad de conocer el desempeño zootécnico para poderlo incorporar en la acuicultura marina del país. Previo al experimento, hubo un periodo de adaptación a condiciones de laboratorio y al consumo de una dieta comercial, de 30 días. El diseño utilizado fue completamente al azar, con cinco tratamientos y tres repeticiones. Se utilizaron tanques plásticos con volumen útil de 40 L de agua a una salinidad de 10%, en donde se ubicaron 20 juveniles por unidad experimental. Los peces con peso inicial de 3,25 ± 0,26 g, fueron alimentados tres veces al día a razón del 6 % de la biomasa por día, por un periodo de 58 días. Se determinaron los índices de supervivencia, incremento en peso, tasa especifica de crecimiento e índice hepatosomatico. El análisis bromatológico arrojó que las dietas comerciales presentaron un nivel proteico real de 28, 37, 45, 50 y 53%. Con las dietas de 45, 50 y 53% no se observaron diferencias significativas (P > 0,05) en los índices de desempeño productivo. La supervivencia fue superior al 75%. El incremento diario máximo en peso fue de 0,06 g/día con la dieta de 53%, y el mínimo fue de 0,03 g/día con la dieta de 28%; lo que representa una diferencia de 50% a favor de la dieta de 53% en relación a la de 28% de proteína. En los peces alimentados con la dieta de 53% de proteína se observó un crecimiento óptimo y una supervivencia cercana al 75%. En la dieta con 45% de proteína se observó un menor incremento en peso, compensado con una supervivencia cercana al 95%, que significó un aumento en el lucro por el mayor número de unidades vivas para comercializar. El tiburoncito (Ariopsis seemanni) a Colombian Pacific fish and in order to meet the zootechnical performance this aspect is important in the future incorporation of the tiburoncito of Colombian marine aquaculture, took place this experiment. We were aimed to evaluate the growth and survival of juveniles of this species, feeding with five commercial diets. Prior to the experiment an adaptation period of 30 days in which the fish were adapted to the laboratory and the consumption of the commercial diet were performed. The statistical design was completely randomized with three replications. We were used plastic tanks with volume of 40 L, 20 juveniles per experimental unit and these were maintained at a salinity of 10%. Fish were fed three times per day at a rate of 6% of biomass per day, for a period of 58 days. Survival rates, increase in weight, growth rate and specific hepatosomatic index were determined. The fish had an initial weight of 3.25 ± 0.26 g. The compositional analysis of commercial diets with protein levels (24, 32, 40, 45 and 48%) had an actual protein level of 28, 37, 45, 50 and 53%. Diets were obtained 45, 50 and 53% are not significantly different (P> 0.05) in the rates of production performance; survival was greater than 75%; the maximum daily increase in weight was 0.06 g / day diet 53% and the minimum was 0.03 g / day diet 28%, representing a difference of 50% between diets. With the 53% protein level diet has an optimum growth and survival close to 75%, and this concentration of protein represent a higher cost per gram of diet. However, the 45% protein diet shows a less weight increase and a 95% survival, and an around 95% survival, this cost effective, because is due to the Increased number of living fish. Este experimento teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento ea sobrevivência de tiburoncito juvenil tete bagre do mar, uma espécie de peixe do Pacífico colombiano, alimentando cinco dietas comerciais, a fim de atender o desempenho zootécnico de modo que ele pode ser incorporado em aquicultura marinha no país. Antes da experiência, houve um período de adaptação a condições de laboratório e o consumo de uma dieta comercial, 30 dias. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e três repetições. Tanques de plástico usados com volume de 40 L de água trabalhando a uma salinidade de 10%, onde 20 jovens foram colocados em cada unidade experimental. Os peixes com peso inicial de 3,25 ± 0,26 g, que foram alimentados três vezes por dia a uma taxa de 6% de biomassa por dia durante um período de 58 dias. As taxas de sobrevivência, aumento de peso, taxa de crescimento específico eo índice hepatossomático foram determinadas. A análise da composição mostraram que dietas comerciais apresentaram um nível de proteína verdadeira, de 28, 37, 45, 50 e 53%. As dietas com 45, 50 e 53%, não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P> 0,05) sobre índices de desempenho produtivo. A sobrevivência era superior a 75%. O aumento máximo diário de peso foi de 0,06 g / dia com a dieta de 53%, e o mínimo foi de 0,03 g / dia com a dieta de 28%; Isto representa uma diferença de 50% em favor da dieta de 53% em relação a 28% de proteína. Na dieta fed de crescimento ideal 53% de proteína de peixe e sobrevivência perto de 75% foi observada. Na dieta com 45% de proteína em peso, um aumento menor, compensada por uma sobrevivência quase 95%, o que significou um aumento no lucro para o maior número de unidades de vida observou-se ao mercado.

Teniendo en cuenta la importancia del sistema visual en la vida de los organismos, en el presente trabajo se hace una descripción histológica y morfométrica del ojo de juveniles de Ariopsis seemanni, una especie de teleósteo ornamental comercialmente importante, con un enfoque hacia su ecología visual. El ojo de A. seemanni tiene la conformación típica de los teleósteos, con un tamaño relativo grande (TRO=6.5%) y un cristalino circular también relativamente grande (TRC=42.2%). La córnea está conformada por un estroma corneal, epitelio plano estratificado y un endotelio. El iris es altamente vascularizado, consta de epitelio plano simple, epitelio pigmentado y un estroma con melanocitos. El cristalino presenta una capa externa acelular, epitelio cúbico simple y tejido conectivo con fibras de colágeno. La retina está formada por ocho capas, la capa de fibras nerviosas es muy delgada y presenta tres discos ópticos, provenientes de las células ganglionares que forman el nervio óptico. Morfométricamente, se destacan las variaciones en espesor de la córnea entre las regiones anterior y media (42.3-76.7 μm), el iris en la región dorsal y ventral (25.8-48.3 μm), la esclera posterior y medial (31.9-111.9 μm) y la retina lateral y temporal, (70-280 μm). A. seemanni, presenta un ojo desarrollado y adaptado al ambiente estructuralmente complejo y a los hábitos alimentarios propios de la especie, siendo las características más representativas. el tamaño relativamente grande del ojo y del cristalino, las variaciones morfométricas en el espesor de la retina y su alta irrigación sanguínea. Considering the importance of the visual system in the life of organisms, our work is a histologic and morphometric description of the eye Ariopsis seemanni juvenile, an ornamental teleost species commercially important, focusing on its visual ecology. The eye of A. seemanni has the typical conformation of the teleosts, with a relatively large size (RES = 6.5%) and a relatively large circular lens (RLS = 42.2%). The cornea is composed of corneal stroma, stratified squamous epithelium and endothelium. The iris is highly vascularized and consists of simple squamous epithelium, pigmented epithelium and stromal melanocytes. The lens has an outer acellular cuboidal epithelium and connective tissue with collagen fibers. The retina is composed of eight layers; the nerve fiber layer is thinner and has three optical disks, from ganglion cells that form the optic nerve. Morphometrically, we highlight the thickness variations between. anterior and middle corneal regions (42.3-76.7 μm), the dorsal and ventral iris (25.8-48.3 μm), posterior and medial sclera (31.9 - 111.9 μm) and lateral and temporal retina (70-280 μm). A. seemanni eyes are adapted to an structurally complex environment and to the eating habits of the species, being the most representative characteristics. relatively large size of the eye and the lens, morphometric variations in the thickness of the retina and high blood supply. Fil: Tovar Bohorquez, Mario Oswaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Militar Nueva Granada; Colombia Fil: Corchuelo Chavarro, Sheryll Yohana. Universidad Militar Nueva Granada; Colombia Fil: Gómez Ramírez, Edwin. Universidad Militar Nueva Granada; Colombia Fil: Obando Bulla, Martha Janneth. Universidad Militar Nueva Granada; Colombia Fil: Hurtado Giraldo, Hernán. Universidad Militar Nueva Granada; Colombia

Objetivo. Describir morfológica y morfométricamente el cerebro de tiburoncito Ariopsis seemanni. Materiales y métodos. Se trabajó con 10 ejemplares juveniles de tiburoncito los cuales fueron procesados con las normas éticas para el manejo de peces. Posteriormente se tomaron medidas de longitud total y estándar (cm) y de peso (g) de cada uno de los individuos, que se fijaron en formaldehido al 4%. Una vez retirados los encéfalos se realizó la identificación y medición de los diferentes lóbulos indicando su ubicación, morfología, longitud y área a través de imágenes laterales, dorsales y ventrales digitalizadas, las cuales fueron medidas con el programa Scion Image. Se calcularon promedios y desviaciones estándar, y se obtuvo la equivalencia porcentual de cada estructura en relación con la totalidad del encéfalo. Estos datos se relacionaron posteriormente con los hábitos de la especie. Resultados. Se identificaron los bulbos olfativos, hemisferios telencefálicos, lóbulos ópticos, cerebelo, entre otros. De los nervios craneales, únicamente se observó el nervio óptico. La estructura más grande del encéfalo es el cerebelo (44 ± 1,2 % y área 0,23 ± 0,03 cm²), seguido por los hemisferios telencefálicos (28 ± 0,57 % y área 0,13 ± 0,02 cm²). Conclusiones. La morfología del encéfalo de A. seemanni presentó el patrón general de teleósteos del orden Siluriforme, contando con el cerebelo como la estructura más grande. Según la morfología y morfometría vista en el encéfalo, se podría postular que A seemanni emplea sobre todo la vista y el gusto para explorar el ambiente. Objective. To describe morphologically and morphometrically the encephalon of Ariopsis seemanni. Materials and methods. We worked with 10 juvenile specimens which were processed according to the ethical standards for handling fish. Measurements of the total and standard length (cm) and weight (g) were taken for each individual. Specimens were fixed in 4% formaldehyde. The encephalon was removed, the different regions were identified and the measurement of the different lobes was done, indicating their location, morphology, length and area using lateral, dorsal and ventral digitalized images that were measured with the Scion Image program. We calculated means and standard deviations, and obtained the percentage equivalence of each structure in relation to the entire encephalon. These data were then related to the habits of the species. Results. We identified the olfactory bulbs, telencephalic hemispheres, optic lobes, cerebellum, among others. Of the cranial nerves, only the optic nerve was observed. The largest structure of the encephalon is the cerebellum (44 ± 1.2% and 0.23 ± 0.03 cm² area), followed by the telencephalic hemispheres (28 ± 0.57% and 0.13 ± 0.02 cm² area). Conclusions. The encephalon morphology of A. seemanni presented the general pattern of teleosts of the order Siluriformes, with the cerebellum as the largest structure of the encephalon. Based on the morphology and morphometry observed in the encephalon, we suggest that A. seemanni uses primarily vision and taste to explore the environment. Objetivo. Descrever os aspectos morfológicos e morfométricos do cérebro do peixe gato tete, Ariopsis seemanni. Materiais e métodos. A pesquisa foi realizada com 10 destes peixes, que foram tratados com as normas éticas para a manipulação de peixes. Posteriormente foram registrados o comprimento total e padrão (cm) e o peso (g) de cada um dos indivíduos, os quais foram fixados em formol 4%. Depois de retirar os encéfalos foi realizada a identificação e medição dos diferentes lóbulos, indicando sua localização, morfologia, o comprimento e a área através de imagens laterais, dorsais e ventrais digitalizadas, que foram medidas com o programa Scion Image. Foram calculados a média e o desvio padrão, e obteve-se a equivalência percentual de cada estrutura em relação a todo o encéfalo. Estes dados foram correlacionados com os hábitos da espécie. Resultados. Foram identificados os bulbos olfatórios, hemisférios telencefálico, lobos ópticos, cerebelo, entre outros. Dos nervos cranianos, apenas o nervo ótico foi observado. A maior estrutura do encéfalo é o cerebelo (44 ± 1,2% e 0,23 ± 0,03 cm² de área), seguido pelos hemisférios telencefálicos (28 ± 0,57% e área 0,13 ± 0,02 cm²). Conclusões. A morfologia do encéfalo de A. seemanni apresentou o padrão geral de teleósteos da ordem Siluriformes, com o cerebelo como a maior estrutura. De acordo com a morfologia e morfometria vista no encéfalo, pode-se postular que um A seemanni usa principalmente a visão e o gosto para explorar o ambiente.

Objective. To describe morphologically and morphometrically the encephalon of Ariopsis seemanni. Materials and methods. We worked with 10 juvenile specimens which were processed according to the ethical standards for handling fish. Measurements of the total and standard length (cm) and weight (g) were taken for each individual. Specimens were fixed in 4% formaldehyde. The encephalon was removed, the different regions were identified and the measurement of the different lobes was done, indicating their location, morphology, length and area using lateral, dorsal and ventral digitalized images that were measured with the Scion Image program. We calculated means and standard deviations, and obtained the percentage equivalence of each structure in relation to the entire encephalon. These data were then related to the habits of the species. Results. We identified the olfactory bulbs, telencephalic hemispheres, optic lobes, cerebellum, among others. Of the cranial nerves, only the optic nerve was observed. The largest structure of the encephalon is the cerebellum (44 ± 1.2% and 0.23 ± 0.03 cm2 area), followed by the telencephalic hemispheres (28 ± 0.57% and 0.13 ± 0.02 cm2 area). Conclusions. The encephalon morphology of A. seemanni presented the general pattern of teleosts of the order Siluriformes, with the cerebellum as the largest structure of the encephalon. Based on the morphology and morphometry observed in the encephalon, we suggest that A. seemanni uses primarily vision and taste to explore the environment. Key words: teleost, cerebral morphology, sensory sensitivity, neuroecolgy, Ariopsis seemanni.