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Jagung ungu merupakan salah satu jenis jagung yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan karena memiliki sifat ungul berupa kandungan antosianin yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan manusia. Pada proses pengembangan jagung ungu, uji daya hasil perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi hasil dari suatu galur. Tujuan dari penelitian uji daya hasil pendahuluan pada 16 galur jagung ungu ini yaitu untuk mengetahui potensi hasil dari masing-masing galur yang diujikan sehingga didapatkan galur potensial untuk diseleksi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari – April 2022 bertempat di Desa Jati Baru, Kecamatan Tanjung Bintang, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan. Percobaan ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 17 Perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada karakter kualitatif dan kualitatif tanaman. Analisis data kualitatif dilakukan menggunakan skoring dominan data. Sedangkan analisis data kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan analisis ragam anova dan dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) dengan taraf 5%, serta perhitungan nilai KKG, KKF dan nilai heritabilitas. Hasil dari penelitian yang didapatkan bahwa setiap galur yang diuji memiliki tingkat skor keseragaman karakter kualitatif yang berbeda-beda. Sedangkan pada karakter kuantitatif, setiap karakter tanaman yang diuji menunjukan perbedaan yang nyata. Secara keseluruhan nilai penampilan karakter kuantitatif, didapatkan bahwa galur UB-UL 2, UB-UL 5, UB-UL 6, UB-UL 9, UB-UL 12, UB-UL 13, UB-UL 14 dan UB-UL 17 memiliki potensi tinggi untuk dikembangkan. Selain itu didapatkan bahwa nilai heritabilitas termasuk dalam kategori sedang – tinggi.

Jagung ketan memiliki kandungan amilopektin yang lebih tinggi daripada jagung lainnya. Permintaan jagung ketan untuk industri pakan terus meningkat. Peningkatan produksi jagung ketan dapat menggunakan varietas unggul. Pembentukan varietas unggul memerlukan galur yang memiliki karakter unggul sebagai tetua. Dalam penentuan tetua unggul dilakukan proses penilaian penampilan melalui keragaan sebagai identitas galur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif, untuk menduga nilai heritabilitas arti luas dan koefisien keragaman genetik, dan untuk mendapatkan tetua potensial. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Dusun Areng-areng, Kelurahan Dadaprejo, Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu, Jawa Timur pada September - Desember 2021. Bahan tanam yang digunakan berupa koleksi benih jagung ketan dari CV. Blue Akari yaitu galur S2 hasil persilangan (jagung ketan x jagung ungu manis). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu galur sejumlah 13 perlakuan, setiap perlakuan terdapat 39 satuan percobaan. Variabel pengamatan tanaman yang diamati terbagi menjadi 2 yaitu, karakter kualitatif dan karakter kuantitatif. Analisis karakter kualitatif berdasarkan metode skoring masih terdapat keragaman. Analisis karakter kuantitatif berdasarkan Analisis ragam terdapat beberapa karakter kuantitatif yang berbeda nyata. Analisis KKG memiliki keragaman yang tergolong rendah berkisar antara 0,48 – 10,88%, sedangkan nilai KKF tergolong rendah hingga agak rendah berkisar antara 0,53 – 35,33%. Pendugaan heritabilitas tergolong rendah hingga tinggi berkisar antara 0,058 – 97,79%. Galur yang berpotensi untuk dijadikan tetua unggul yaitu JP-D3, JP-D7, JP-D8, JP-D10, JP-D11, dan JP-D13 karena memiliki keunggulan dan keseragaman pada karakter kualitatif dan karakter kuantitatif.

Jagung ungu memiliki keunggulan yaitu terdapat kandungan antosianin yang bersifat sebagai antioksidan didalam tubuh. Penggunaan varietas jagung ungu hibrida dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi jagung ungu. Keragaan tanaman merupakan sumber informasi fenotip dan genetik suatu galur. Informasi penampilan atau keragaan digunakan untuk memilih tetua yang dapat menghasilkan suatu galur dengan sifat superior. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter kuantitatif dan kualitatif, nilai duga heritabilitas serta koefisien keragaman genetik pada galur jagung ungu yang diuji, keseragaman dalam galur serta galur yang berpotensi sebagai calon tetua hibrida. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Dusun Areng-areng, Kelurahan Dadaprejo, Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2021 sampai dengan Desember 2021. Penelitian dilakukan dengan RAK sebanyak 3 ulangan dengan menggunakan 13 galur jagung ungu masing-masing 13 tanaman. Data pengamatan terdiri dari karakter kuantitatif dan karakter kualitatif. Karakter kuantitatif dibagi menjadi dua yaitu karakter hasil dan karakter tongkol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakter kuantitatif yang diamati berbeda nyata pada semua galur. Nilai duga heritabilitas dalam 13 galur jagung ungu yang diuji tergolong dalam kategori yang sedang hingga tinggi. Nilai KKG pada semua galur yang diuji dan karakter yang diamati termasuk kedalam kategori yang rendah. Sedangkan nilai KKF dari semua galur yang diuji dan karakter yang diamati berkisar antara 0.3 - 26.2%. Galur yang direkomendasikan sebagai calon yang berpotensi tetua hibrida adalah TM11 dan JM2 yang memiliki sifat seragam pada karakter intensitas antosianin pada janggel, warna permukaan biji dan jumlah susunan baris dalam keragaan jagung ungu.

Pemilihan tetua unggul dalam pembentukan varietas hibrida jagung pakan dilakukan dengan proses seleksi tanaman dari galur-galur yang berpotensi. Keragaman pada galur-galur yang berpotensi merupakan syarat awal dalam perakitan varietas unggul. Generasi S2 merupakan galur hasil selfing kedua dari seleksi galur S1 terpilih. Keragaman yang ada pada generasi S2 dapat disebabkan oleh adanya segregasi yang terjadi, oleh karena itu dibutuhkan pengamatan variabilitas pada generasi S2 hasil selfing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman antar galur, nilai duga heritabilitas serta keragaman dalam galur dari beberapa karakter pada jagung pakan generasi S2 dan mengetahui galur yang berpotensi sebagai tetua unggul. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga Juli 2021 di Desa Areng-areng, Kelurahan Dadaprejo, Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu. Penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan acak Kelompok (RAK) sebanyak 3 ulangan dengan perlakuan 33 galur jagung pakan generasi S2 masing-masing 16 tanaman setiap plot. Analisis ragam menunjukkan perlakuan berbeda nyata pada semua karakter kuantitatif yang diamati. Keragaman antar galur tergolong rendah pada semua karakter kuantitatif, dan seragam pada karakter kualitatif warna glume. Nilai duga heritabilitas tergolong dalam kategori sedang hingga tinggi. Keragaman di dalam galur tergolong rendah atau seragam pada karakter tinggi letak tongkol, jumlah susunan baris, diameter tongkol, dan rendemen. Empat galur berpotensi sebagai tetua unggul yaitu galur PA2, PA9, PA12, dan PA16 karena memilikikeseragaman dalam galur terhadap paling banyak karakter yang diamati.

Salah satu jenis jagung yang memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan yaitu jagung pulut, akan tetapi produktivitas dari jagung pulut masih rendah. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya peningkatan produksi jagung pulut melalui pemuliaan tanaman, Sebelum pelepasan varietas jagung hibrida perlu diketahui kemampuan adaptasi tanaman pada berbagai kondisi lingkungan dengan dilakukan uji daya hasil. Interaksi genotipe dan lingkungan menunjukkan perbedaan respon tanaman terhadap kondisi lingkungan yang berbeda. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-April 2020 di Desa Suru, Kecamatan Sooko, Kabupaten Ponorogo dan Desa Candipuro, Kecamatan Candipuro, Kabupaten Lumajang. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 3 kali ulangan dan menggunakan beberapa genotipe uji yaitu JPM 01, JPM 02, JPM 03, JPM 04, JPM 05, JPM 06, serta varietas pembanding yaitu Kumala F1. Variabel pengamatan terdiri dari komponen hasil yaitu panjang penutupan kelobot, panjang tongkol, unfilling cob tip , diameter tongkol, jumlah baris biji, jumlah biji per baris, bobot tongkol segar dengan kelobot, bobot tongkol segar tanpa kelobot, bobot tongkol segar dengan kelobot per plot, bobot tongkol segar tanpa kelobot per plot, dan produktivitas hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi genotipe dan lingkungan terjadi pada variabel panjang tongkol, panjang penutupan kelobot, unfilling cob tip , jumlah kernel per baris, dan bobot tongkol segar tanpa kelobot. Genotipe yang unggul di Kabupaten Ponorogo ialah JPM 01, sedangkan di lokasi Lumajang ialah JPM 03, dan genotipe yang memiliki keunggulan di kedua lokasi ialah JPM 04.

Abstract. Anggraeni TDA, Waluyo B, Sugiharto AN, Kuswanto. 2022. Genetic diversity analysis among 123 accessions of castor (Ricinus communisL.) using SSR marker and its association to agronomic traits. Biodiversitas 23: 1211-1221. Castor (Ricinus communis L.) breeding program targets to create dwarf-type plants suitable for mechanical harvesting. Characterization of plantsusing morphological and molecular markers can enhance the successful breeding program. This studyaimed to investigate the diversity of castor accessionsusing Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers and find the SSR markers that are significantly associated with the agronomic traits. The castor germplasm collection consisting of 123 accessions from the islands throughout Indonesia, breeding lines, and introducedaccessions displayed a moderate genetic diversity. The germplasm collection showed high variation in plant height, node length average, number of nodes, 100 seed weight, and oil content. The association analysis using GLM (General Linear Model) and MLM (Mixed Linear Model) could detect six associations between SSR marker alleles and agronomic traits. Among the marker alleles, two marker alleles had an overlap association. RcSSR-12_175 had an association with plant height and flowering day, RcSSR-23_113 had an association with node length average and branch number, and RcSSR-4_125 had an association with seed weight/raceme. This finding could provide information on Indonesia’s castor accession status. The linked-trait SSR markers are useful in marker-assisted selection for breeding high yield dwarf type-castor.

Mufidah N, Sugiharto AN, Waluyo B. 2021. Assessment of combining ability in purple corn parents under line × tester mating design using GGE biplot. Biodiversitas 22: 4545-4554. One strategy to increase corn quality is the development of new corn cultivars by incorporating the character of nutritional content. The study aims to obtain information on the combining ability of purple corn lines as well as determine the best parental lines for purple corn hybrid development using the GGE biplot approach. This study used 24 hybrids generated from crossings of 8 purple corn lines with 3 testers, which were crossed using a line × tester mating design. Plant performance was assessed using a randomized block design of three replications. The F-test was used to assess and test the experiment variance. The combining ability of purple corn lines was examined using the GGE biplot method. The result showed that the GGE biplot approach successfully identified the best combiner and combinations generated between purple corn lines and non-purple corn lines. Purple corn lines P1Y1 had the best general combining ability for fresh ear yield and total anthocyanin content, meanwhile, P1Y2 had the best general combining ability in most of the agronomic traits, namely ear diameter, shelled ear weight, number of grains row-1, and as well as total anthocyanin content. These 2 lines were also identified as the best parent chosen in the best combination in this study.

The demand for corn in Indonesia is dominated as raw material for animal feed, so the high and low price of corn will have a big impact on the price of livestock products such as chicken and chicken eggs. The Covid-19 gives an impact on the uncertainty of food commodity prices. As we know, food price stability is one of the supports for maintaining a balance of production and consumer buying power. This study aims to analyze the price volatility of corn, chicken meat, and chicken eggs in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic. The ARCH/GARCH model was used as an approach to analyzing volatility in the monthly prices of corn, chicken meat, and chicken eggs at the consumer level during the January 2011-June 2020 period. This research showed that the price of corn and chicken is categorized as high volatility category, while chicken eggs are a low volatility category with the form is asymmetric. It can be concluded that the price uncertainty faced by consumers in the future for corn and chicken meat will be bigger, while chicken eggs will be decreased. Therefore, it is expected that the government will make policies for maintaining the stability of food supply and prices.

We examined a new method to detect the biodiversity hotspots in terms of complex patch mosaics at a regional scale in East Java, Indonesia, in order to develop the safeguard against further expansion of monocultures by REDD+. A land-cover map consisting of five major land-cover types (forest, agricultural land, bare land, water, and residential) was generated with a 30 m x 30 m resolution by the unsupervised classification of a Landsat8-OLI image. Shannon’s diversity index ( H’ ) was calculated for each of 10.98 ha (11 x 11 pixels) landscape throughout the study area based on the dominance of the land-cover types by five calculation methods with different combinations of land-cover types. Then, the landscapes of upper 5 % in H’ was selected as the potential hotspots in terms of highly complex patch mosaics. Among the five potential hotspots, the calculation of H’ with four land-cover types (forest, agriculture, water, and bare land) was thought to be most suitable to set conservation targets at a regional scale, because the potential hotspots by this method showed aggregated distribution patterns, and was less sensitive to the small residential patches. While, no clear distribution trend was observed along the environmental gradients.

We have investigated the ternary glass AgI–Ag2S–AgPO3, where the ratio of AgI:Ag2S is 1:1. As the amount of the dopant salts increases, the glass transition temperature decreases, and the conductivity increases to about 5.7×10 −3 (Ω cm ) −1 at room temperature for an 88% mol fraction of AgI+Ag2S. The structure factor, S(Q), shows a prepeak at low Q values (0.6–0.9 A−1), as observed in AgI–AgPO3 glasses, but not in pure AgPO3 or in Ag2S–AgPO3. The concentration dependence of the prepeak indicates medium range atomic correlations growing in concentration and size.

The main objective of this research was to study the diversity of maize inbred lines based on phenotypic characters and SSR markers. The research, which was conducted from February to June 2011, was divided into field and laboratory research for molecular analysis. The molecular analysis was conducted at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University Malang. The field trial was done in Kandat, Junrejo, Batu. Materials of the research were 35 genotypes of maize. Steps for molecular analysis included: (1) DNA isolation, (2) DNA-quality test, (3) PCR SSR, and (4) Visualization of the amplification result. The field trial was done by planting genotypes using a RCBD with 2 replications. Result of the dendogram analysis showed that 35 genotypes of maize were divided into 2 main clusters, A and B, that having 35% similarity level. Result for the analysis of variance showed significant difference among genotypes of maize on the entire of the observed phenotype characters. Heritability (H) ranged from 61.8% to 98.1%. Coefficient of variance ranged from 0.71 to 7.20%. Analysis on the genotypic correlation ranged from 0.06 to 1.0. Numbers of rows per ear showed significant correlation, in which Jaccard’s similarity coefficient (rs) = +0.43.

Low productivity of shallot in Indonesia can be improved through development of high yielding variety. The availability of genetic information related to the character being improved is inevitable for effective breeding program. In this study, seven shallot genotypes were evaluated for their combining ability for yield improvement using half diallel cross. Heterosis effect and heritability estimate was also investigated for yield-related characters. The results showed that there were significant differences in general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) among the evaluated genotypes. Tiron and Timor had the greatest GCA. The greatest SCA and heterosis value was found in crosses of Kuning/Tiron, Timor/Bima Juna, Tiron/Timor and Kuning/Sibolangit. Heterosis effect varied from low to high. Broad sense heritability estimate for all characters was high, but narrow sense heritability was low for most charaters. The dominant gene action observed on all yield-related characters suggests that the evaluated genotypes are potential to be used in breeding for high yielding hybrid varieties. Keywords: GCA, SCA, heterosis, heritability, shallot

Bulbing response of two accessions of shallot and two accessions of A.×wakegi collected in Indonesia and two A.×wakegi accessions in Japan to daylength and temperature was investigated. All accessions formed bulbs under a 16-hr photoperiod. Both species also formed bulbs under a 12-hr daylength ; A.×wakegi formed bulbs even in an 8-hr daylength. Temperature of 20°C more promoted bulbing in both species than at 25 and 30°C.

RAPD-PCR method and isozyme analysis were used to obtain information of genetic relationship among cucumber varieties. Such information is urgently utilized to support plant breeding program of cucumber. Research was done at the Biotechnology Laboratory of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture of Brawijaya University, Malang and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Matemathic and Natural Sciences of Brawijaya University, Malang. DNA isolation was done using CTAB method by additional NaCl modification. Sixteen primers from operon were employed to amplify DNA genome by RAPD-PCR. Two enzymes, Esterase and AAT were chosen for isozyme analysis. Clad 97 Program was used for analyzing the data and results in data grouping based on proximity value. Cluster analysis based on isozyme data indicated that there was an adequate lower genetic variation in cucumber, where seven of nine tested varieties showed proximity value of 1.00. Eleven of sixteen primers in RAPD-PCR analysis produced DNA bands. Relativity analysis by using RAPD-PCR method showed high enough of genetic variation. Relativity analysis by using both methods showed that variety 07 was the furthermost. The proximity value between varieties 01 and 02 was 0.916667, these varieties have the higest proximity value among allvarieties.© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKey words: Cucumis sativus L., RAPD-PCR, isozyme.