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The transition of traditional classroom teaching to online teaching platforms in English as a foreign or second language context has caused the shift of teachers' motivational factors. The present study aimed to develop a new motivational teaching instrument and provide indication for the scale's validity and reliability of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) teachers' basic psychological need fulfillment in online teaching (BPNOT), using samples of Indonesian novice and experienced ESP teachers across genders. The author employed four different development stages of BPNOT's scale using four different independent samples of ESP teachers in Indonesian EFL context (total n = 566). The first developmental stage was designed to develop items for the scale and to establish structure of factorial design utilizing a multivariate statistics of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) test. The second scale development was continued to determine the item scale factorial structure using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to confirm whether the construct was consistent or not. The third development stage estimated the test of invariance across gender and teaching experience. Finally, the last developmental stage aimed to revalidate the validity and reliability of the new scale over time. The findings of the preliminary scale validation revealed that the scale has acceptable psychometric features.

Education is very important for human life. Many of them are vying for the best education in the world to guarantee a better future. The thing that is very concerned about in Education is learning and also the right method of teaching, because that way it can give birth to a competitive and quality generation. One of them is the role of cloud computing technology, which is a combination of the use of computer technology and internet-based development. A way or method that makes it easy for users to access information without knowing what is in it, being an expert with it or having control over it. Cloud computing is an important technology that has helped many institutions and schools use distance learning, and can support education's accessibility and scalability. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of cloud computing technology in increasing the accessibility and scalability of more advanced education and being able to create a generation that is highly competitive and virtuous. The method used in this study uses a quantitative method by distributing questionnaires to respondents as many as 15 statements about the use of cloud computing technology in education. The results of this study proved to be a very effective role for cloud computing technology in improving education, because this technology can increase students' interest in learning and make them enthusiastic in learning, so as to create an interactive learning atmosphere. The implication of this latest technology is to make learning more interesting and easily accessible anytime and anywhere by students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]