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Buton Asphalt is natural asphalt originating from Buton Island (Indonesia), with the potential deposit amount reaching up to 662 million tons. This substantial domestic mining potential must be utilized for domestic road needs and to boost the country's economy. However, Buton asphalt's utilization is minimal compared with imported oil asphalt, which reached a usage rate of up to 94 % in 2022. Therefore, as a form of a solution-oriented policy, Buton asphalt is included as one of the 21 commodities in the Strategic Roadmap for Downstream Investment in Indonesia, followed by various supportive regulations for developing this Buton asphalt product. One of the leading products the government targets is natural pure Buton asphalt. This product consists of >99 % bitumen content after extraction, also called Pure Buton Asphalt. The idea was to modify pure Buton asphalt with coconut coir to increase the Marshall Stability and Dynamic Stability values to make the asphalt mixture more resistant to vehicle loads and rutting. The tests were conducted to determine the optimum asphalt content (OAC) of the mixtures, Marshall's Stability comparison, and the dynamic stability test using a Wheel Tracking Machine to identify the comparison of permanent deformation. This study analyzed the Marshall characteristics and dynamic stability characteristics with variations in coconut coir content of 0.5 %, 0.75 %, and 1 % by weight of asphalt and variations in coconut coir length of 0.5 cm, 1 cm, and 1.5 cm. Based on the results of this study, the optimum asphalt content in this study is 6.76 %, where pure Buton Asphalt modified with coconut coir has an increase in Marshall's stability value and dynamic stability value compared to pure Buton asphalt without additional coconut coir [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution in several cities in Indonesia has been increasing significantly over the years. One of the primary triggers is the rise in motor vehicle activity. This increase is due to the improving economic conditions and the decreasing prices of motor vehicles. Vehicles produce various types of pollutants. The pollutants contained in vehicle exhaust gas are carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), sulfur (SOx) and dust (PM). One of the busiest areas for motorized vehicle activity is the Makassar Port Area, which is the largest port in Eastern Indonesia. This area experiences high vehicle activity. The emissions reviewed in this research are CO (carbon monoxide) and NOx (nitrogen oxide) in the Makassar Port Area which is located on Jalan Nusantara, Jalan Sulawesi, Jalan Siswa Army, Dr. Wahidin Jalan Sudirohusodo, Jalan Sangir, Jalan Kalimantan, Jalan Sarappo, Jalan Banda and Jalan Butung. This research utilizes historical data on traffic volume, wind speed and direction, air humidity, air temperature, air pressure, solar radiation, cloud cover and surface height. Air dispersion analysis was carried out using AERMOD software. The highest emissions obtained were 67,121 μg/m³ for CO and 9,570 μg/m³ for NOx under existing conditions and after implementing traffic management measures, the highest emissions were reduced to 45,737 μg/m³ for CO and 7,217 μg/m³ for NOx. These results conclude that traffic management can reduce air pollution. Air dispersion is not only influenced by vehicle volume but also meteorological factors. This can be seen in the dispersion results. Where, the conditions before and after traffic management showed differences in terms of the distribution of air dispersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in population is accompanied by an increase in the number of vehicles. It is inevitable that the number of vehicle accidents will also increase, which can be caused by various factors. Driver factors reviewed in this study include socioeconomic characteristics, movement characteristics, accident characteristics, and driver behavior characteristics. the purpose of this study is to study the vehicle accident model using interviews and Driving Behavior questionnaires with a total of 307 motorist respondents who have experienced accidents. Driver factors reviewed in this study include socioeconomic characteristics, movement characteristics, accident characteristics, and driver behavior characteristics using interviews and Driving Behavior questionnaires with a total of 307 motorist respondents who have experienced accidents. This investigate used SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) with SmartPLS computer software. Two-wheeled vehicle accident modeling results Y = –0.234X1+0.153X3+ +ei2; R² = 0.102. The greatest influence occurs in the characteristics of driver behavior (X3), namely Ordinary Violation, and for four-wheeled vehicle accident modeling results, Y = –0.343X1+0.284X3+ei2; R² = 0.217. The greatest influence occurs in driver behavior characteristics (X3), namely Ordinary Violation. Ordinary Violation is defined as a deliberate deviation from the rule of law. Thus, from the research results, the most influential variable was the behavior of drivers who committed ordinary violations such as ignoring speed limits, breaking through intersections, and driving under the influence of alcohol. So, there needs to be collaboration between the police and related parties in tackling accidents and reducing the risk of traffic accidents, such as long as socialization or information through newspapers or electronic media to the public in Jayapura City regarding the importance of collective awareness of driving safety [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stone mastic asphalt is a type of hot mix asphalt that requires much coarse aggregate, so substitution waste aggregate, such as steel slag, will be an economic reason. The problem is that there are still many things that have not been consistent in various studies related to the moisture resistance of steel slag. The study aimed to compare the effect of CA(OH)2 on the moisture resistance of the steel-slag stone mastic asphalt mixture and to determine the optimal CA(OH)2 dosage for improving the mixture resistance. This study employs basalt aggregate, steel slag from Krakatau Steel Company, 60/70 penetration asphalt, a stabilizing substance made of bamboo fiber, and CA(OH)2. The Texas boiling and the static immersed methods are used to test the adhesion on a loose mixture. The retained Marshall stability and indirect tensile strength are used to test the adhesion on the compacted mix. Testing result of Krakatau steel slag shows that steel slag has a much higher Fe2O3 content than steel slag in general and has low water absorption; a poor affinity for asphalt results from this. The result of the Texas boiling method showed a decrease in the percentage adhesion value between steel slag and asphalt compared to natural basalt aggregates and asphalt. Marshall Stability Ratio and Tensile Strength Ratio increased after mixing the asphalt with CA(OH)2. Marshall test results show decreased stability in mixtures with steel slag substitution. Adding CA(OH)2 increased stability and resistance to moisture significantly. This indicated that CA(OH)2 enhances moisture resistance on stone mastic asphalt with modified steel slag. Stability, Marshall stability ratio, indirect tensile strength ratio, particle loss, and Texas boiling test significantly improved with adding CA(OH)2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, cargo trucks dominate logistics transportation, so the condition of the Pantura (Java North Coast Road) route is quite poor and often suffers severe damage even though it has been repaired. If there is no solution to the high volume of trucks on the coastal route, then the budget for repairing the coastal route will continue to increase, so researchers want to minimize the repair of the coastal route by switching modes from trucks to trains. One of the ways that previous researchers have found is one of the policies to be able to support mode shift by giving allowance to trains and increasing the fines of freight trucks. Therefore, researchers investigated many policies connected to the increase in fines for freight vehicles on the railway, as well as allowances. Analysis regarding the impact caused by the policy will be included. According to the SEM-PLS model, preferences are indirectly impacted by existing and perceptions, with existing and perceptions intermediary path scores with high preferences. The fines variable, on the other hand, is not a good preference for mode shift policies. Business merchants that have a positive perception of rail transportation offered a considerably greater response for rail transportation allowances. Therefore, they will seek to utilize the train. The perception variable influenced the amount of the proposed train allowance policy, but not the freight truck fines policy. Train allowance and truck fines policies can be utilized in conjunction with one another, depending on the logistical conditions in a given location. Because this is a logistics network in Indonesia, an archipelago country where trucks are more flexible if they want to travel between islands, train allowance is the best choice to support mode shift persuasively and maximize the potential of trains for travel within the island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambon City is the capital of Maluku Province. The rapid growth of transportation facilities in Ambon City has resulted in traffic problems such as traffic accidents. This study aims to model the probability of fourwheeled vehicle accidents. Factors reviewed in this study include socioeconomic and travel patterns, driving equipment and preparation, driving habits, and driving behavior. The survey was conducted using interview and questionnaire survey methods with a total of 127 respondents who had experienced an accident. The research method used is data analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS software. Result of accident modeling Y=–0.203X1+(–0.179X2)+ +0.214X3+0.536X4. The first biggest influence on the chance of an accident is driving behavior characteristics (X4) is driving under the influence of alcohol (X4.7). The more often you drive under the influence of alcohol, the higher the chance of an accident. Thus, when a driver drives its vehicle under the influence of alcohol, the higher the chance that the driver will have a traffic accident. So that there is a need for cooperation between the police and related parties in dealing with accidents and reducing the risk of traffic accidents such as providing socialization or information, through newspapers or electronic media to the people in Ambon City regarding the importance of increasing awareness of driving safety [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to describe the structure of the equipment and technology system at the Tomb of Sunan Pandanaran. This research method is descriptive qualitative. The research location is in the tomb of Sunan Pandanaran, Paseban Village, Bayat District, Klaten Regency. The data in this study are living equipment and technology available in the manuscript, the caretaker's speech, and the burial place of Sunan Pandanaran. The data collection technique used in this study is the content analysis method. The results of the discussion show that the system and technology equipment found in the Sunan Pandanaran tomb area are productive tools in the form of kentongan and bedug. The container equipment is in the form of a barrel called the sinaga barrel, the clothing equipment is in the form of beskap and Mataraman Javanese Jarit, and the technology for shelters is in the form of mosques and pavilions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective - This study aimed to analyze the effect of ascorbic acid after submaximal physical activity on reducing levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) to Student Regiment in East Java. Methods - This study was a true experiment with a randomized control group posttest-only design used 28 male subjects aged 19-23 years with body mass index (BMI) 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, and randomly divided into four groups. Namely G1 (n=7, control without submaximal physical activity+placebo), G2 (n=7, submaximal physical activity+placebo), G3 (n=7, submaximal physical activity+AA 500 mg), and G4 (n=7, submaximal physical activity+AA 1,000 mg). The submaximal physical activity was 2.400 meters running in 12 minutes or when the 60-70% of HRmax achieved. The drinks containing 500 mg and 1.000 mg ascorbic acid (AA) for G3 and G4 was given after exercise test. Measurement of serum MDA and SOD used the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARs) method. The data was statistical analyzed using SPSS software with a significant level (p<0.05). Results - The results of MDA levels showed in G1 (308.18±61.81 ng/mL), G2 (338.42±125.78 ng/mL), G3 (290.54±69.18 ng/mL), G4 (279.83±39.10 ng/mL) and there was no significantly difference among groups (p=0.557). The mean levels of SOD was significant among groups ((p=0.000), and the SOD level in each group was G1 (23.19±0.77 units/mL), G2 (24.81±0.87 units/mL), G3 (25.27±0.79 units/mL), G4 (25.57±0.47 units/mL). Conclusion - It can be concluded that 500 mg and 1.000 mg ascorbic acid drinks after submaximal physical activity can increase SOD levels of students regiment in East Java. Ascorbic acid drink may maintain the SOD level by lessening the use of antioxidant endogen and it may also increase the SOD level, however futher research is needed to be conducted to figure out the mechamism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]