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This research was conducted to determine the king versus lateral fruit thinning effects on yield and fruit quality of ‘Elstar’, ‘Granny Smith’, ‘Starkrimson Delicious’, ‘Ultra Red’, ‘Topred’, and ‘Jonagold’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars grafted on MM106 rootstock in 2002-2003. Removal of the king fruit (KFR) treatment partially increased the yield in ‘Jonagold’, ‘Elstar’, and ‘Granny Smith’ cultivars while the effects were different by years in “Starkrimson Delicious”. Leaving of the king fruit (KFL) treatment gave better results in the ‘Topred’ cultivar, and similar effects were obtained from both treatments in ‘Ultra Red’ cultivar. Non-significant differences were obtained from both treatments with respect to fruit weight in the ‘Topred’, ‘Starkrimson Delicious’, ‘Jonagold’ and ‘Granny Smith’ cultivars. Leaving of the king fruit treatment increased the fruit weight significantly in ‘Elstar’ and ‘Ultra Red’ cultivars in 2002. The values of fruit flesh firmness (lb), total soluble soli...

This research was conducted in 1997 and 1998 to investigate the effects of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (5, 10, and 15 ppm), Carbaryl (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) (750, 1000, and 1250 ppm), and NAA + Carbaryl (5 + 750, 7.5 + 750, and 10 + 750 ppm) applications on the return bloom of some standard apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars grafted on MM106 rootstock. Of these applications, 750 ppm Carbaryl for ‘Starkspur Golden Delicious’, 1250 ppm Carbaryl for ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Starkrimson Delicious’, and 5 ppm NAA for ‘Jonagold’ increased the mean number of flower buds significantly, compared with the control treatments. The other treatments of Carbaryl, NAA, and NAA + Carbaryl also increased the mean number of flower buds in a nonsignificant sense with a few exception. A negative correlation between the final fruit set and the mean number of next year's flower buds was found for three cultivars. The correlation coefficients were r = −0.5150 (P< 0.05), r = − 0.6999 (P< 0.05), r = −0.0335 for ...

The possible cause of low fruit set in 0900 Ziraat sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) was investigated. Pollination conditions, ovule development, incompatibility, and fruit set were evaluated under natural conditions. Results indicated that pollen transfer to the stigmas was sufficient, and pollen tube growth was normal. Ovule development in most pistils examined was not normal, and this was likely the cause of the low set in this cultivar. Les chercheurs ont tenté d’élucider la faible nouaison du cultivar 0900 Ziraat du cerisier (Prunus avium L.). Ils ont évalué la pollinisation, le développement de l’ovule, l’incompatibilité et la nouaison dans des conditions naturelles. Les résultats indiquent qu’il y a un transfert suffisant de pollen aux stigmates et que le tube pollinique se développe normalement. Toutefois, le développement de l’ovule était anormal dans la plupart des pistils examinés, ce qui explique sans doute la nouaison décevante du cultivar.

In this study, chemical compositions of the fruits of some important domestic chestnut types and cultivars were investigated. They contained (g/100g dry matter basis) total carbohydrates 75.32 - 86.31, total sugar 10.32 - 22.79, invert sugar 0.08 - 1.25, starch 54.45 - 69.70, sucrose 8.86 - 21.28, ash 1.02 - 3.22, crude cellulose 3.58 - 5.96, total fat 0.49 - 2.01, total protein 4.88 - 10.87. Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, P, Na and K contents were (mg/100g) 43 - 230, 70 - 160, 0.4 - 5.7, 0.7 - 5.5, 0.6 - 3.8, 1.8 - 9.1, 107 - 191, 6 - 41, 761 - 1271, respectively.Neste estudo, a composição química das frutas domésticas importadas tipo castanha e seus cultivares foram investigados. Seu conteúdo (base da matéria seca de g/100g com base em matéria seca) carboidratos totais 75,32 - 86,31, açúcares total 10,32 - 22,79, açúcar invertido 0,08 - 1,25, amido 54,45 - 69,70, sacarose 8,86 - 21,28, cinzas 1,02 - 3,22, celulose bruta 3,58 - 5,96, gordura total 0,49 - 2,01 do total, proteína total 4,88 - 10,87. Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, P, Na e k índice foi (mg/100g) 43 - 230, 70 - 160, 0,4 - 5,7, 0,7 - 5,5, 0,6 - 3,8, 1,8 - 9,1, 107 - 191, 6 - 41, 761 - 1271, respectivamente.

The flower and stamen structures of four male-fertile (`Firdola', `Karamehmet', `Sariaslama', and `Haciomer') and two male-sterile (`Osmanoglu' and `Vakit Kestanesi') chestnut cultivars were evaluated using scanning electron and light microscopes. Anther dimensions and pollen production capabilities were also determined. Stamens of the male-fertile cultivars showed more distinct flowering habit than male-sterile cultivars, which failed to show visible flowering due to shorter stamens. Flower clusters on the catkins had six to seven flowers while the mean number of stamens per flower varied from 9.50 to 11.95 among the cultivars, except for `Osmanoglu' with 2.60 stamens per flower. Some `Osmanoglu' flowers had no stamens or abnormal stamens (e.g., lacking anthers) or abortive anthers. Stamens of the male-sterile cultivar Vakit Kestanesi had short filaments and small anthers with few or no pollen. The pollen number per anther was significantly lower in the male-sterile than in the male-fertile cultivars. Three different kinds of anther surface morphologies were determined among the cultivars. The surface structure of male-fertile cultivars consisted of polygonal epidermis cells. Male-sterile `Osmanoglu' had long polygonal epidermis cells, which had a thread-like surface appearance. Male-sterile `Vakit Kestanesi' had epidermis cells with hollow middles and swollen edges. In male-sterile cultivars the length of the anthers was significantly less than that of the male-fertile cultivars. The anther wall of the male-fertile cultivars consisted of three clearly different cell layers. However, the anther walls of the male-sterile cultivars were not complete in all cases, and the number of layers varied from one to three.

Bu çalışma, 19-23 Ekim 1998 tarihlerinde Bordeaux[Fransa]'da düzenlenen 2. International Symposium on Chestnut'da bildiri olarak sunulmuştur. This research was conducted with the aim to determine the propagation possibility of some chestnut hybrids and native cultivars and types through shoot tip and axillary bud culture between 1994 and 1998. MS, modified MS macro and micro elements or McCown's Woody Plant Basal Salt Mixture, were used as culture media. BAP, IBA and thidiazuron were added to some media. The following results were obtained from the explants growing in a chamber regulated to 25+/-1 degrees C and 16 h dark / 8 h light period. Shoot tip culture did not give any positive result, but axillary bud culture had shown to be successful in some years. Especially the bud explants which were taken from the succulent shoots of the juvenile 1- year- old or 2-3 - month- old plants grown in greenhouse had burst, gave shoot and then could be multiplicated in the media. In many times no good result had been obtained from the studies with axillary buds taken from field grown trees (5-7 years old) at various times of the growing season. In these studies no bud had burst, but some of the explants formed only callus. The explants prepared that were taken from the shoots on 13(th) of October, then chilled for 40 days at 5+/-1 degrees C in the refrigerator, did not burst on the culture media which contained a high level of BAP (2-10 mg l(-1)). However some of the explants produced callusing. In the view of these studies, it could be stated that the most important factor in chestnut micropropagation is the juvenility of the explant source. INRA Conseil Reg Aquitaine Agri Obtentions Ctifl

Bu çalışma, 30 Temmuz-2 Ağustos 1996 tarihinde Ordu[Türkiye]'da düzenlenen 4. International Symposium on Hazelnut'da bildiri olarak sunulmuştur. This study was conducted to determine the effect of cutting age and diameter, collection time, IBA concentration, heating and base cut type on rooting of filbert (Cv. Tombul) hardwood cuttings. Concerning this aim, in the first experiment: one and two years old cuttings were collected in January and February, and divided into two groups in relation to their diameter, treated with 4000, 6000, and 8000 ppm IBA and then placed in a bottom heated rooting medium (25 degrees C +/- 2). In the second experiment: the cuttings were cut slope and nat at their base, and placed in the rooting medium after had been treated with 4000 and 6000 ppm IBA. In the third experiment: the cuttings which treated with 4000 and 6000 ppm IBA were placed in both heating (25 degrees C +/- 2) and non heating (15 degrees C +/- 2) rooting medium. Macro and micro elements, and carbohydrate content of bark of the cuttings were also determined in relation to their rooting capacity. In spite of rooting which slightly better results were obtained from heating medium (max. 20.0%) in some samples, callus formation was significantly better in non heating medium (max 96.6%) with 1 year old cuttings. There was no relationship between the chemical composition of the bark tissue and the rooting. Int Soc Hort Sci, Working Grp Nuts

Fruit samples were taken from 20 cornel seedlings and cultivars which were considered as having high economical value depending on the inquiries and observations conducted in Bursa vicinity where the cornel has been grown intensively. Harvest in the vicinity began from August onwards and continued till the end of September depending on the cultivar and environment. Harvest time, fruitfulness and fruit characteristics such as fruit weight, fruit form, flesh/seed ratio, seed form and size, flesh-seed clinging, the juice colour, pH, acidity degree, the level of water soluble solids and the sugar content exhibited significant differences among the seedlings and cultivars examined. Almost all of the sugar in the fruit juice consisted of invert sugar, sucrose was present in minute quantities. Considering the results of the selection study ‘Degirmendere-I’, ‘Memeli-I’, ‘Yuvarlak Bardak’, ‘Bugur’, ‘Kantartopu’, ‘Asi’, ‘Malatya’ and the seedlings number 008, 015 and 016 were selected as superior with respect to the characteristics considered.

Yellow mistletoe, Loranthus europaeus Jacq., is a deciduous epiphytic angiosperm of the Loranthaceae family, in Croatia occuring on ten host species, including sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.). The research of infection of sweet chestnut with yellow mistletoe was carried out in natural sweet chestnut stands in northwest Croatia, during the winter 2006/07 in the area administered by Croatian Forests Co.Ltd.. In total, 7 management units and 30 compartments, on the area of 4 forest offices were examined. In the research area out of 1680 examined sweet chestnut trees, 5.4 % were infected with yellow mistletoe. On the average there were 3 mistletoe plants on the infected trees, and a maximum of 23 plants on one tree. The site and stand parameters (elevation, site quality, exposure, soil type, plant association and crown closure) were analysed in order to establish whether there was a correlation between these parameters and infection of sweet chestnut with mistletoe.