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Objective: To evaluate the long-term effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on sexual functions and behavior in men with heterosexual partners. Materials and methods: A total of 602 participants completed an online questionnaire, shared via social networks, between November 20 and December 20, 2020. Pre-pandemic sexual intercourse frequency, International Erectile Dysfunction Index (IIEF-15) score, intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT) score, and activities during sexual intercourse were compared to the ones during the pandemic. In addition, the effects of various variables on participants’ sexual functions were evaluated and analyzed according to age groups. Results: The mean number of weekly sexual intercourse during the pandemic was 1.7+1.7, which was significantly lower than in the pre-pandemic period (p < 0.001). The ED score was significantly lower during the pandemic (p < 0.001) compared to the pre-pandemic period, however orgasmic function (p = 0.016), sexual intercourse satisfaction (p < 0.001), general satisfaction (p < 0.001), and PEDT scores (p = 0.004) were significantly higher. There was no significant difference in IELT before and during the pandemic (p = 0.391). Full-time employment and low education level were risk factors for developing ED and PE. The negative affect of the pandemic on sexual life was most prominent in the > 65 age group. Although kissing, oral and anal sex, and face-to-face sex positions decreased during the pandemic in all age groups, kissing and face-to-face sex positions remained the most preferred sexual behavior pattern (p = 0.002). There was no reduction in risky sexual behavior in the majority of the participants. Conclusions: At the end of one year with COVID-19, a decrease in erectile function and an increase in PE incidence were observed in men. Despite this, there was an increase in sexual desire and satisfaction. Although there were some changes in sexual behavior, the majority of pre-pandemic habits continued.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of men presenting for other complaints whose ejaculatory function inquiry indicated premature ejaculation (PE). Methods: The data of 536 PE patients, including those who presented with the complaint of PE (group 1) and those presenting with other complaints who were diagnosed with PE (group 2) as a result of ejaculatory function inquiry using estimated intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) and Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT), were retrospectively evaluated. Age, PE type, comorbidities, recommended treatments, and treatment acceptance status of all patients were recorded. These characteristics were compared for each group. Results: Among all the patients, those who presented with PE complaints constituted 22.4%. Among the patients with both PE and ED, 98.1% applied with ED complaint and only 1.9% with PE complaint. The percentage of patients with one comorbidity was significantly higher in group 2 (p = 0.032). 90.1% of all patients and 88.5% of patients in group 2 accepted the recommended treatment for PE. The mean age and comorbidities were significantly higher in patients that refused the treatment. The most common reason for treatment refusal was the patients' lack of expectation for treatment. Conclusions: This study shows that men more frequently tend to seek treatment for ED than PE, and treatment acceptance rate may be higher when the patients with PE complaints who don’t seek treatment are reached through ejaculatory function inquiry. The presence of comorbidities negatively affects the treatment expectation and acceptance as well as treatment seeking behavior of men with PE.

Giriş/Amaç:Perkütan nefrolitotomide kullanılan iki farklı renal dilatasyon yönteminin taşsızlık oranları ve komplikasyonlar üzerine olan etkilerini karşılaştırmayı amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntemler:Haziran 2013-Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında iki ayrı merkezde, renal pelvis ve kaliks taşları nedeni ile perkütan nefrolitotomi uygulanan hastaların verileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Tüm hastaların, komorbid hastalıkları, geçirilmiş taş cerrahisi öyküleri, yaş gibi demografik özelliklerinin yanı sıra taş tarafı, taş sayısı ve taş yükü, Hounsfield Unit değeri ve hidronefroz derecesi kaydedildi. Hastalar, kullanılan dilatasyon yöntemine göre balon dilatasyon (Grup 1), amplatz seri dilatasyon (Grup 2) ve kombine (Grup 3) olmak üzere 3 gruba ayrıldı. Operasyon süreleri, postoperatif hemoglobin düşüşü, transfüzyon gereksinimi, taşsızlık oranı, hastanede kalış ve nefrostomi alınma süreleri ile komplikasyon oranları gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular:Gruplar arasında ortalama operasyon süreleri (p=0,185), taşsızlık oranları (p=0,313) ve komplikasyonlar (p=0,053) açısından istatistiki anlamlı fark izlenmedi. Postoperatif hemoglobin ve hematokrit düşüşü en fazla grup 3 hastalarda gözlendi. Grup 1 ve grup 2 hastalar arasında ise anlamlı fark yoktu (p=0,373). Benzer şekilde grup 1 hastalarda, grup 2’ye göre daha fazla transfüzyon ihtiyacı saptansa da anlamlı fark izlenmedi (p=0,787). Hastanede kalış ve nefrostomi alınma süresi ise grup 1’de anlamlı derecede daha kısa saptandı (p, Objective:We aimed to compare the effects of two different renal dilatation methods used in percutaneous nephrolithotomy on stone-free rates and complications.Methods:In two centers between June 2013 and December 2018, the data of patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal pelvis and calyceal stones were retrospectively evaluated. Stone side, stone number and stone burden, Hounsfield Unit value and degree of hydronephrosis were recorded as well as demographic characteristics of all patients such as comorbid diseases, history of previous stone surgery, age. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the dilatation method used: balloon dilatation (Group 1), amplatz serial dilatation (Group 2) and combined (Group 3). Operation times, postoperative hemoglobin decrease, transfusion requirement, stone-free rate, hospital stay, time of nephrostomy and complication rates were compared between the groups.Results:There was no difference between the groups in terms of mean operation times (p=0,185), stone-free rates (p=0,313) and complications (p=0,053). Postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit decrease was mostly observed in group 3 patients. There was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2 patients (p = 0.373). Similarly, although the transfusion requirement was higher in group 1 patients compared to group 2, no significant difference was observed (p=0,787). The duration of hospital stay and nephrostomy removal time were significantly shorter in group 1 (p

Adrenal pseudocysts are rare, nonfunctional, asymptomatic cystic masses that originate from the adrenal gland and are usually located in the suprarenal area. They are usually incidentally discovered during imaging, but diagnosis can be challenging because they are similar to benign and malignant cystic lesions of the adrenal gland and adjacent organs. We describe a giant, adrenal hemorrhagic pseudocyst that was atypically located, extending from the middle to the lower poles of the kidney, admixed with a renal cortical cyst.

The relationship between erectile dysfunction (ED) and chronic renal failure (CRF) has been reported in several studies. This study aimed to investigate whether the chronic use of sildenafil could enhance the erectile capacity in CRF-induced rats. In addition, we assessed the effect of that treatment on certain molecules, which have been suggested to play crucial roles in erectile physiology and CRF-related ED as well. Three groups of animals were utilized: (1) age-matched control rats, (2) CRF-induced rats, (3) CRF-induced rats treated with chronic administration of sildenafil (5 mg kg−1 p.o. for 6 weeks [treatment started after 6 weeks of CRF induction]). At 3 months, all animals underwent cavernosal nerve stimulation (CNS) to assess erectile function. Penile tissue advanced glycation end products (AGE's)/5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, malondialdehyde (MDA), cGMP (ELISA), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) (Western blot) analyses were performed in all rat groups. CRF-induced rats had a significant decrease in erectile function when compared to control rats (P < 0.05). The increase in both intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and area under the curve of CRF-induced rats treated with sildenafil (Group 3) was greater than CRF-induced rats (Group 2). Additionally, sildenafil treatment decreased AGE, MDA and iNOS levels, while it preserved nNOS and cGMP contents in CRF-induced penile tissue. Decreased AGE, MDA, iNOS and increased nNOS, cGMP levels at the sildenafil-treated group increased both ICP and Total ICP to CNS, which led to improve erectile function in CRF-induced rats. The results of the present study revealed the therapeutic effect of chronic sildenafil administration on erectile function in CRF-induced rats.

Pre-scrotal orchiopexy is emerging as an alternative approach for cryptorchid testes that can be preoperatively mobilized into the scrotum. We present our 3-year pre-scrotal orchiopexy series for all palpable cryptorchid testes regardless of their mobility into the scrotum preoperatively.We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent pre-scrotal orchiopexy during a 3-year period. Data collected included preoperative and postoperative testicular position, mobility of the testis into the scrotum preoperatively or with the patient under general anesthesia, patency of processus vaginalis, operative times and complications.A total of 88 cryptorchid testes were treated using single pre-scrotal incision orchiopexy. Mean patient age was 4.9 years. Of the testes 74 (84.1%) could be milked down to the scrotum preoperatively and 14 (15.9%) could not. Of the 14 immobile testes 8 were intracanalicular and 6 were in the superficial inguinal pouch. Pre-scrotal orchiopexy was successful in all 74 testes that were mobilized into the scrotum preoperatively. However, 6 of 14 testes (43%) that could not be moved to the scrotum were effectively managed by a single pre-scrotal incision, while 8 (57%) required an additional groin incision for successful orchiopexy. No complications were observed during a mean followup of 7.1 months.Orchiopexy using a pre-scrotal approach is a viable alternative for palpable cryptorchid testes that can be preoperatively mobilized into the scrotum. Cryptorchid testes that are palpable but cannot be moved to the scrotum can be managed by the pre-scrotal approach alone in 40% of cases or with an additional groin incision in 60%.

Objective To develop a noninvasive and real-time dual-wavelengths optic system to detect testicular torsion in an animal model. Diagnosis of testicular torsion is challenging in emergency conditions and frequently ends with surgical exploration. Materials and Methods In this study, 9 male 8-month-old Wistar albino rats weighing an average of 400 g were used. A transverse incision on the upper scrotum was done and the right testis was torsed with a 720° medial rotation. The other testis of each rat was used as the control or sham group. In the sham group, the testicle was moved out of the body but no torsion was applied before repositioning into the scrotum. Transmission of continuous-wave light through all testes at wavelengths of 660 nm and 940 nm were measured. Results The ratio of the average intensities of the transmitted light of both wavelengths—660 nm to 940 nm—was used as a parameter to diagnose testis torsion. The ratios were significantly different ( P = .001) between the torsion group and control group. Conclusion Our noninvasive technique measuring attenuation of dual wavelengths in transmission geometry across the testis has the ability to distinguish between the testis with and without torsion on the basis of a threshold value of the ratio.

Ureteroscopy in children with miniaturized instruments is becoming popular with the advent of pediatric ureteroscopes and laser lithotriptors. We had been performing pediatric ureteroscopies with a 7.5 Fr. semirigid ureteroscope and pneumatic lithotriptor, used in adults as well. Herein, we present our experience in pediatric ureteroscopy with a semirigid 7.5 Fr. ureteroscope and pneumatic lithotriptor with a specific focus on changes in success and complication rates with time.We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients younger than 18 years old who underwent ureteroscopic intervention with a 7.5 Fr. semirigid ureteroscope and pneumatic lithotriptor at our institute between January 2000 and September 2009. Patient characteristics were recorded including date of surgery, age, sex, stone size and location, ureteroscopy technique, duration of surgery, the result of surgery, complication, postureteroscopy ureteral stenting, follow-up duration and final imaging.A total of 48 children (28 boys, 20 girls) with a mean age of 7.6 years (range: 9 months-18 years) have undergone 54 ureteroscopic intervention. Thirty-eight (79.1%) children were10 years of age and 17 (35.4%) were4 years of age. Stone-related ureteroscopy number was 51. Mean stone diameter was 6.6 mm (4-20 mm). Mean duration of surgery was 77 min (25-150 min). Overall success rate was 84.3%, and overall complication rate was 14.8%.Ureteroscopic management of ureteral stones is safe and effective in children1 year of age with a 7.5 Fr. semirigid ureteroscope and pneumatic lithotriptor.