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Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi realitas keberagaman identitas yang dimiliki manusia. Bahwa manusia baik sebagai individu maupun kelompok, memiliki ciri masing­masing yang disebut budaya atau kebudayaan. Begitu juga dengan kebudayaan masyarakat Donggo (dou Donggo) di Bima, NTB. Dou Donggo merupakan masyarakat asli suku Mbojo (Bima), yang mendiami salah satu wilayah administratif kecamatan di Kabupaten Bima, yaitu Kecamatan Donggo. Dou Donggo menjadi bagian masyarakat Bima yang masih memegang teguh nilai­nilai kebudayaan asli suku Mbojo. Kepatuhan mereka dengan tetap memegang teguh nilai­nilai kebudayaan, tidak terlepas dari peran pemimpin mereka, yakni Ncuhi. Ncuhi merupakan sebutan dou donggo untuk kepala sukunya. Menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan studi lapangan di Desa Kala, Kecamatan Donggo, Kabupaten Bima, peneliti meneliti bentuk komunikasi Ncuhi dalam upayanya melestarikan budaya pernikahan dan kesenian tradisional dou Donggo. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan, keberadaan Ncuhi sebagai penerus atau pewaris kebudayaan lokal tidak lagi berfungsi secara maksimal. Ncuhi hanya melakukan komunikasi antarpersonal, kelompok dan publik kepada generasi yang lebih muda untuk mewarisi nilai­nilai kebudayaan. Tidak ada lagi komunikasi secara organisasi, maupun menyebarkan dengan media massa untuk melestarikan kebudayaan pernikahan dan kesenian.

Penelitian ini berjudul “Perilaku Jurnalis dalam Penyelenggaraan Pers di Bima”. Setelah rezim Orde Baru tumbang “Revolusi Mei 1998”, kini Indonesia mulai memasuki era keterbukaan. Rakyat Indonesia, termasuk Pers, juga mulai menikmati kebebasan berbicara, berkumpul dan berorganisasi. Departemen Penerangan, yang dulu dikenal sebagai lembaga pengontrol media, dibubarkan. UU Pers pun diperbaiki dengan UU No. 40 tahun 1999 tentang Pokok Pers. Dihilangkannya pembredelan Pers oleh negara. Dibukanya kesempatan untuk mendirikan Pers seluas-luasnya. Bima sebagai salah satu kota administratif yang berada di pulau Sumbawa provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat tentu saja memiliki lembaga pers yang didirikan oleh masyarakatnya. Keberadaan pers dalam suatu sistem masyarakat Bima menjadi sangat penting untuk membangun Bima (Kota Bima dan Kabupaten Bima) terutama dalam penyebaran informasi. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana perilaku jurnalis dalam penyelenggaraan pers di Bima, maka penelitian ini dilakukan. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, peneliti menemukan fenomena perilaku jurnalis di Bima: (1) Subyek penelitian mengklaim diri sebagai jurnalis professional. Kalau dilihat dari perilaku mereka dalam menjalankan aktivitas jurnalismenya, hanyak hal yang menyalahi etika jurnalis professional. Mereka lebih mengandalkan formalitas, seperti mereka memiliki media resmi, ada kartu pers, melakukan aktivitas jurnalisme secara teratur, tidak memeras dan berbagai perilaku yang mereka anggap itu tidak menyalahi UU maupun KEJI, padahal banyak hal yang diatur dalam regulasi tersebut yang mereka langgar. (2) Membangun relasi yang sangat akrab dengan sumber berita. Padahal, relasi yang "mesra bisa saja akan mempengaruhi jurnalis dalam memberitakan suatu kasus. Ketika jurnalis sudah akrah dengan pejabat yang memiliki kasus, maka akan mempengaruhi suhjektivitas jurnalis dalam memberitakan kasus tersebut. (3) Sebagian subyek penelitian mengatakan sulit untuk membuktikan jurnalis yang menerima amplop. Tapi ada juga instrumen penelitian yang mengaku menerima amplop berserta isinya, asalkan tidak meminta kepada sumber berita. (3) Selain menjalankan aktivitas resminya sebagai pencari informasi, ada juga jurnalis yang melakukan kegiatan-kegiatan lain. Seperti menjual hasil karya foto hasil dari foto saat menjalankan tugas jurnalistiknya. (4) Perilaku terakhir yang berhasil diidentifikasi dalam penelitian ini adalah adanya istilah jurnalis bodrek. Jumalis bodrek ini merupakan istilah yang diberikan para jurnalis resmi/profesional kepada seseorang atau sekelompok orang yang melakukan kegiatan seperti kegiatan jurnalis resmi/profesional.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat mengenai wabah pandemi covid 19 pada Kelurahan Rabangodu utara. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan observasi, wawancara, dan juga dokumentasi. Sumber data yang diolah merupakan sumber data primer dan data sekunder. Dan metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Kualitatif yaitu penelitian bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi dan mengklasifikasi suatu fenomena atau kenyataan sosial, dengan jalan mendskripsikan sejumlah variabel dengan masalah dan yang unik diteliti dengan cara 1) Reduksi Data 2) Display Data 3) Verifikasi Data. Hasil penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah persepsi masyarakat mengenai wabah pandemi covid 19 pada Kelurahan Rabangodu utara kecamatan Raba Kota Bima adalah masyarakat sudah paham tentang adanya pandemi virus corona atau covid 19 serta bahaya yang ditimbulkan yang sedang mewabah pada saat ini, dan paham cara pencegahan agar terhindar dari virus corona atau covid 19, yaitu dengan mengikuti protokol kesehatan yang telah diterapkan oleh pemerintah, dan dengan adanya pandemi covid 19 di masyarakat menyebabkan beberapa dampak seperti dampak ekonomi dan dampak sosial sehingga masyarakat semakin sulit karena dampak yang di timbulkan oleh pandemi covid-19 Persepsi masyarakat Kelurahan Rabangodu Utara tentang wabah pandemi covid 19, ialah bahwa pandemi Covid 19 adalah suatu virus atau penyakit menular yang dapat menular ke siapa pun mulai dari anak-anak hingga lansia, dan Covid 19 dapat dicegah dengan mengikuti protokol kesehatan sesuai dengan yang dianjurkan, seperti harus rajin mencuci tangan setiap saat, menjaga jarak dengan orang lain minimal 1meter, serta harus menggunakan masker agar terhindar covid 19.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya biaya, penerimaan, pendapatan, keuntungan, kelayakan, sensitivitas dan permasalahan yang dihadapi petani semangka. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Palingkau Sejahtera Kecamatan Kapuas Murung Kabupaten Kapuas Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah, dan dilaksanakan mulai dari bulan September sampai bulan Desember 2021. Metode yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 20 orang petani semangka. Hasil penelitian menunjukan besarnya rata-rata biaya implisit sebesar Rp. 4.071.969 per hektar, besarnya rata-rata biaya eksplisit sebesar Rp.16.119.435 per hektar, total biaya produksi usahatani semangka yaitu Rp. 20.191.404 per hektar, dengan rata-rata penerimaan mencapai Rp.46.889.730 per hektar, rata-rata pendapatan sebesar Rp.30.770.295 per hektar, dan rata-rata keuntungan Rp.26.698.326 per hektar. Kelayakan usahatani semangka dengan nilai R/C ratio sebesar 2,32 (lebih dari satu), dan nilai NPV = 4.079.801 (lebih dari 0), sehingga dapat dinyatakan bahwa usahatani semangka layak untuk diusahakan. Usahatani semangka ini sensitif terhadap perubahan produksi (yakni penurunan produksi), dan tidak sensitif terhadap perubahan kenaikan biaya produksi. Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah lingkungan fisik/iklim, teknologi dan sumber daya manusia serta hama dan penyakit tanaman.

The phenomenon of memes about COVID-19 spread through social media is interesting to study more deeply. Using Ferdinand d'Sausurre's semiotic analysis, the researcher explored several memes related to the government's appeal to prevent the spread of COVID-19, such as wearing masks, maintaining distance, washing hands, and reducing mobility. The analysis results show community reconstructs or deconstructs the texts submitted by the government as a form of protest, satire, and joke as an appeal to always masks in every activity. People make memes by wearing masks from underwear (loincloth and bra), tires for motorized vehicles, and coconut belts. In terms of keeping a distance, people make a meme of a barber lengthening his shaving machine with a wooden stick to keep it away from the shaved one. Other narratives built by the community through these memes indicate resistance from the community against the COVID-19 narrative built by the government.

The existence and position of land plays an important role in encouraging and developing the potential of available natural resources, that is why land is a very valuable asset of the nation and state. In carryng out activities and fulfilling their needs, customary law communities will not be separated from using customary land which is utilized and empowered to obtain agricultural products and food ingredients. This study aims to determine the existence of customary or ulayat land right in the land law system in indonesia, where this ulayat land needs to be regulated in indonesian positive law. The research method used is literature study, which is a systematic and explicit method for identifyng, evaluating, and synthezing research results that have been produced by researchers and practitioners.

The pandemic situation has suppressed various businesses in Indonesia and has provided opportunities for business actors to practice window dressing for presenting good company performance. The practice of window dressing is an example of financial statement fraud. Therefore, to anticipate this fraud, it is very important to examine the factors that cause companies to commit financial statement fraud. This study aims to analyze the fraud hexagon theory and its relationship with financial statement fraud. The research was conducted on state-owned companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the last 5 years (2016-2020). The method used to test the hypothesis is log-regression analysis. The results of the study prove that external pressure as a proxy for stimuli, CEO duality as a proxy for collusion, and nature of the industry as the proxied opportunity have predictive relevance to financial statement fraud. Even though from ten hypotheses only three hypotheses are proved, this result implied that when companies face a difficult situation and cannot achieve their financial target and they have the opportunity to change their financial records, it is very probable that they will conduct a financial statements fraud. Thus, the government needs to monitor and make policies to prevent this conduct for state-owned companies and other companies listed in IDX

The implementation of technology is a driving force for performance in both the private and government sectors. Several researchers have examined various factors that influence technology implementation with mixed results. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of user involvement, education & training programs, and internal control sistems on the performance of the village financial sistem (Siskeudes). The respondents of this study were 110 village officials who used the village financial sistem. This study used the purposive sampling technique to obtain data from 17 sub-districts in Bantul Regency. Analysis of data validity using Pearson correlation and data reliability analysis using Cronbach's alpha. The test results using multiple regression analysis show that user involvement, education and training programs, and internal control sistems affect the village financial sistem. This research implies that the government needs to increase the expertise of the apparatus in using information technology to accelerate the presentation of financial reports in the village. Keywords: Education and training programs; internal control sistem; and user involvement; village financial sistem.

Desa Mandiangin Barat kecamatan Karang Intan merupakan salah satu desa, dimana mayoritas ini adalah beternak kambing. Usaha ternak kambing dilakukan oleh beberapa orang yang tergabung dalam komunitas Peternak kambing dan terpusat di jalan Durian RT.02 Desa Mandiangin Barat. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat berupa pembinaan dan bimbingan teknis penyediaan pakan hijauan berkualitas pada komunitas peternakan kambing jalan Durian Desa Mandiangin Barat Kecamatan Karang Intan ini dilaksanakan bertujuan agar anggota mampu mengembangkan usaha ternaknya sehingga pendapatan keluarga juga meningkat. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan pengabdian ini dalah : Presentasi, Tanya jawab, demonstrasi dan pembinaan terhadap peternak kambing. Berdasarkan hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dapat disimpulkan keterlibatan dan peran serta khalayak sasaran cukup tinggi di lihat dari respon dan tanggapan yang diberikan baik saat penjelasan materi, tanya jawab, demontrasi lapangan maupun saat pemantauan dan pembinaan di lokasi perkandangan ternak. Materi yang diberikan dinilai sangat sesuai dengan kebutuhan yang diperlukan dalam pemeliharaan kambing, hanya saja teknik penyampaiannya disederhanakan melaui gambar-gambar. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini membawa prospek yang lebih baik dalam mengelola penyediaan pakan yang berkecukupan untuk kebutuhan ternak kambing.

National salt needs are increasing along with population growth and industrial development. The significant demand for salt from various industrial use led to different standardization of salt products produced. Madura Island is one of the salt-producing centers. But high salt production of Madura is not followed by the welfare of salt farmers. Therefore, a scientific study is needed to be related to the relationship of salt imports to national salt prices and the poverty of salt farmers, especially on Madura Island. The results show that salt imports do not significantly correlate with domestic salt prices. The Increasing volume of salt imports (% tons) can trigger a decrease in the price of raw material salt in Indonesia in the next two years. This means that increasing the import of salt can reduce or damage the price of raw material salt in the future or incoming year. Salt Exchange Rate (SER) is used to measure the well-being of salt farmers. The results obtained show a negative relationship between SER and the number of salt imports. There is a negative relationship between the exchange rate of salt farmers and the number of salt imports. This shows that the higher the number of salt imports, the consistently smaller value of SER, or the higher amount of salt imports, the salt farmers will be in deficit.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besaran waktu yang dicurahkan atau dialokasikan wanita yang bekerja di Pabrik Pengolahan Sheet yang ada di PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XIII (Persero) Kebun Danau Salak untuk melakukan berbagai aktivitas, baik aktivitas produktif, aktivitas domestik, dan aktivitas sosial. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus pada PT. Perkebunan Nusantara XIII (Persero) Kebun Danau Salak dengan sampel yang di ambil adalah seluruh tenaga kerja wanita di perusahaan tersebut berjumlah 17 orang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa curahan waktu kerja wanita yang tidak memiliki pekerjaan sampingan selain bekerja di Pabrik Pengolahan Sheet rata-rata menghabiskan waktu 6,17 jam/hari (25,96%), aktivitas domestik rumah tangga 16,58 jam/hari (69,83%) dan aktivitas sosial 1 jam/hari (4,21%). Wanita yang memiliki pekerjaan sampingan menghabiskan waktu rata-rata 8,7 jam/hari (36,25%), aktivitas domestik rumah tangga 14,3 jam/hari (59,58%) dan aktivitas sosial 1 jam/hari (4,17%). Kontribusi pendapatan wanita rata-rata sebesar Rp. 3.323.417,24/bulan dengan persentase 69% yang artinya kontribusi pendapatan wanita lebih dari > 50% termasuk kontribusi tinggi

Kemandirian merupakan salah satu hal yang sangat penting bagi panti asuhan untuk dapat bertahan hidup dengan tidak berketergantungan kepada pihak donatur. Jiwa kemandirian yang dimiliki oleh Panti Asuhan Muhammadiyah Desa Pandian Kecamatan Kota Sumenep Kabupaten Sumenep masih tergolong rendah dengan masih bergantungnya sebagian besar kelangsungan hidup panti kepada doantur. Mengingat sebagian besar penghuni panti adalah kalangan muda yang produktif, anak-anak panti asuhan seharusnya memiliki potensi untuk dapat berkembang lebih baik, namun dengan keterbatasan pengetahuan kewirausahaan yang dimiliki membuat mereka belum bisa berkembang dalam hal berwirausaha secara maksimal. Pengabdian ini dibagi menjadi tiga bagian, yaitu (1) Motivasi Kewirausahaan; (2) Sosialisasi Kewirausahaan; dan (3) Pendampingan dalam Berwirausaha. Dengan menggunakan ketiga metode ini pengabdian dirasa sangat efektif. kemudian kamipun melakukan evaluasi terhadap anak panti dengan menanyakan usaha apa yang akan mereka lakukan, hasilnya sungguh luar biasa. Mereka mulai memiliki ide untuk memulai berwirausaha.

Earnings management practices result in the fact that the economic conditions in the company's financial statements are not actually presented so that the profits that are expected to provide information to support decision making are doubtful. The existence of IFRS encourages managers to perform high-quality financial reporting, resulting in high-quality earnings as well. This paper aims to analyze the opportunities for earnings management practices after IFRS convergence in Indonesia. The secondary data used in this literature study were obtained from empirical studies on the convergence of IFRS and earnings management in Indonesia. The results of the analysis show that the opportunity for earnings management practices will exist, both after the convergence of IFRS, so the importance of supervision carried out by investors to obtain reliable financial information as a basis for decision making.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the new fraud diamond model in explaining financial statement fraud. Design/methodology/approach The variables used to examine the factors consist of motivation, opportunity, personal integrity and capability. This research used manufactured companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange of the 2015–2019 period as the population. Findings There has been a positive influence between personal financial need (OSHIP), nature of the industry (RECEIVABLE) and history of sale (SG) toward financial statement fraud, while the negative effect is found only in the effective monitoring (IND). Research limitations/implications The new fraud diamond model theory which is used as a reference in this study is a new and under-developed theory. So the author suggests that further research on this theory be carried out to strengthen the new fraud diamond model theory and ensure whether it can be used as a reference to find out the causes of financial statement fraud. In addition, the object used in this study is limited to manufacturing companies, so the author suggests that further research combine several types of companies. Originality/value The research finding supports the new fraud diamond model theory in elaborating the financial statement fraud phenomenon.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana proses pengambilan keputusan para petani, mengetahui preferensi dan kepuasan petani, menentukan startegi alternatif yang harus dilakukan untuk pencapaian kepuasan petani terhadap atribut-atribut benih padi varietas unggul lokal jenis Talun Sarai. Metode penentuan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus pada Kelompok Tani Tani Maju yang beranggotakan 22 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pengambilan keputusan terhadap pembelian dan penggunaan benih padi varietas unggul lokal Talun Sarai menunjukkan bahwa yang menjadi motivasi para petani karena harga jual yang tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil Importance Perfomance Analysis (IPA) menunjukkan bahwa atribut yang memuaskan para petani ada pada kuadran II yaitu hasil produksi, daya tumbuh, tahan rontok, tekstur nasi (pulen), kemasan yang menarik dan sertifikasi benih, hasil perhitungan Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) secara keseluruhan petani menyatakan puas karena telah memenuhi harapan petani, hasil analisis Diagonal terdapat delapan atribut yang under service yang memiliki nilai positif untuk membangun kepuasan para petani. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa strategi alternatif yang harus dilakukan untuk memperoleh kepuasan petani maka penangkar benih harus memperbaiki atribut-atribut yang kurang memuaskan bagi para petani sehingga harapan dan keinginan petani secara keseluruhan dapat terpenuhi.

The effects of nanobubble on the growth environment, such as dissolved oxygen (DO) and total virus-bacteria, and growth performance, such as growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate (SR), total harvest, and productivity, were investigated in Penaeus vannamei shrimp ponds. The present study was carried out in 50 m2 indoor raceway ponds for 81 days with stocking density being set to 680 shrimp m−3 in two types of treatment: nanobubble and diffuser aerator. A paddlewheel was used to distribute the oxygen saturation levels throughout the ponds. The presence of nanoparticles was detected using a dynamic light scattering method and was reported to be 82.38 nm in size and −26 mV for zeta potential value. DO was significantly higher under nanobubble treatment. Total virus-bacteria and FCR decreased, whereas SR, growth (weight and length), total harvest, and productivity increased with increasing DO. The SR was reported to reach 95%. The average weight and length of P. vannamei were 15.1 ± 1.8 g and 13.1 ± 1.1 cm, respectively. The total harvest and productivity have doubled to 436 kg and 8.7 kg/m3. The results revealed that nanobubble has managed to maintain DO at the optimal range and affected the shrimp growth significantly (P

Glucose toxicity become serious risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Multiple complication can be caused of the abnormal condition of glucose level in blood. Thus, managing the plasma glucose is one of the strategy to minimize the negative effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this present study, we aimed to virtually evaluate the bioactive compounds from Alpinia galanga as inhibitor agent against alpha-glucosidase, which was known as carbohydrate catabolic enzyme. The 2D structure of ligands were retrieved from PubChem database (pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and were evaluated based on Lipinski rule of five for ensured the druglike-ness standard, while the sequence and 3D structure of target protein, alpha-glucosidase, was retrieved from UniProt database (https://www.uniprot.org/) and was modelled through SWISS-MODEL (swissmodel.expasy.org/). All ligands used in this study then underwent optimization prior to molecular docking and analyzing procedures. According to our prediction results, we found that galangin and 1's-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate which known as bioactive compounds found in A. galanga have significant potency as inhibitor agents against the alpha-glucosidase due to its binding affinity scores and other physicochemical properties compared to the anti-diabetic drug, mignitol. Thus, from this finding, we have recent starting point to expand the potency of these bioactive compounds, especially for inhibiting the alpha-glucosidase as the novel strategy to reduce the poor prognosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang persepsi terhadap pentingnya mata kuliah akuntansi forensik dalam kurikulum Program Studi Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universiras Wiraraja. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data kualitatif. Untuk mendeskripsikan, menganalisis dan menarik kesimpulan tentang persepsi dosen, mahasiswa dan stakeholder terhadap pentingnya mata kuliah akuntansi forensik dalam kurikulum prodi Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Wiraraja. Hasil dari penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa (1) terdapat satu dosen akuntansi yang berpendapat bahwa akuntansi forensik perlu dimasukkan kedalam kurikulum prodi akuntansi. Dan dua lainnya berpendapat tidak perlu. (2) terdapat dua mahasiswa akuntansi yang berpendapat bahwa akuntansi forensik perlu dimasukkan kedalam kurikulum program studi akuntansi dan dua lainnya berpendapat tidak perlu. (3) stakeholder berpendapat bahwa akuntansi forensik perlu dimasukkan kedalam kurikulum program studi akuntansi. Paling tidak mahasiswa memiliki pengetahuan mendasar tentang akuntansi forensik dan dapat digunakan sebagai bekal atau acuan bagi mahasiswa akuntansi.

Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent form of cancer in Indonesia. HPV16 and HPV 18 are the leading causes of cervical cancer, accounting for 70-90% of cases. The E5 protein may play a critical role in the disease’s development. Although the high-risk (HR) version of this protein may have some benefits in evading the immune system through MHC I and influencing the cell cycle via p21/p27, very few studies have been performed owing to its tiny size and high hydrophobicity. The purpose of this research is to predict the anti-viral activity of asarinin and thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazole-3(2H)-one,2-(2-fluorobenzylideno)-7,8-dimethyl (thiazolo) using molecular docking and molecular dynamics. The docking results showed that the two candidate drugs had a lower docking affinity than rimantadine but comparable stability. Both potent compounds are predicted to disrupt MHC I localization in the ER, the ability of infected cells to proliferate, and the virion assembly process. In contrast, rimantadine is predicted to disrupt infected cells’ proliferation ability via the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulation and inhibit the activation process of mitogenic signalling in keratinocytes.

The purpose of this research is to reveal the viability of the new strain : nilem carp padjadjaran strain that challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila. The treatments are common carp (Cyprinus carpio), nilem carp (Osteochilus hasselti) and nilem carp (O. hasselti) padjadjaran strain that intraperitoneally challenged by A. hydrophila with 108 cfu ml-1. Parameters observed are mortality hours, gross pathological symptoms and haematological profile for 24 hour. Nilem padjadjaran strain mortality reached 100% after 10th hour postchallenge, while common carp and nilem reached 100% mortality in 14th hour postchallenge. Gross pathological symptoms showed reddish lesions, abdominal dropsy and exopthalmia, with first sign of reddish lesions is appeared in nilem padjadjaran strain at 3rd hour postchallenge. Feed responses of all fish are lost in 7th hour postchallenge. Nilem padjadjaran strain has no shock responses in 9th hour postchallenge. Total erythrocyte counts of common carp, nilem and nilem padjadjaran strain before challenged are 2,15 x 106, 2,45 x 106 dan 2,14 x 106 cells mm3-1, after 10th hour postchallenge becomes 1,2 x 106, 1,69 x 106 dan 1,21 x 106 cells mm3 -1. Total leukocyte count of common carp, nilem and nilem padjadjaran strain before challenged are 6,48 x 104, 7,36 x 104 and 6,56 x 104 cells mm3-1, and tend to increase in 3rd and 7th hour postchallenge (8,8 x 104, 9,12 x 104 dan 105 cells mm3-1 and 1,26 x 105, 1,3 x 105, 1,27 x 105 cells mm3-1), but in 10th hour postchallenge the total leukocyte count becomes decreased again (1,24 x 105, 1,26 x 105, 1,18 x 105 cells mm3 -1). Thus, nilem carp padjadjaran strain has no better immune performance than its parents.

This study aimed to evaluate the economic feasibility of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp reared at 400 shrimp/m2 in 56 days of culture. The experimental design was set in an 800 m2 HDPE pond installed with nanobubble and non-nanobubble. Shrimp survival and total harvest in nanobubble treatment was increased to 92% and 2,255 kg, respectively. Economic parameters calculated in this study were Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period (PP), Break Even Point (BEP), Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C Ratio), and Sensitivity Analysis (SA). The total investment required to run this farming practice is IDR 182,887,700. Total revenue per cycle is estimated at IDR 157,850,000 with the selling price of IDR 70,000/kg of shrimp. The estimated PP is 4 cycles, with an NPV of IDR 172,329,247 projected in 10 cycles. IRR is estimated at 18% and BEP is reached after 7,058 kg production of shrimp. B/C Ratio is estimated to be 1.26 and SA showed that productivity is the most affecting parameters in the present analysis. Based on the economic study, vannamei shrimp farming associated with nanobubble system is feasible to be realized.

The E5 protein is the smallest known oncoprotein linked to HPV 16 cancer development. In this study, we determined the potential of asarinin and thiazolo as an inhibitor of the E5 protein through molecular dynamics. The results showed that the binding site is unstable because of its hydrophobic nature and small size, causing considerable changes in the binding site for each of the 3 drugs examined. Except for asarinin, which still interacts with the first hydrophobic domain, they preserved their capacity to prevent endosomal acidification, hyper amplification of the EGFR pathway and contact with BAP31. It may inhibit E5-MHC I interaction. Thiazolo[3,2-a]benzymidazole-3(2H)-one,2-(2-fluorobenzylideno)-7,8-dimethyl (thiazolo) is expected to form more stable protein-ligand complexes than the other 2. However, the SASA, hydrogen bond and DCCM plots show that both compounds are equivalent to HPV 16 E5 protein. HIGHLIGHTS The smallest known oncoprotein associated with cancer development as a result of HPV 16 infection is the E5 protein The SASA, hydrogen bond, and DCCM plots, on the other hand, show that asarinin and thiazolo are equivalent to the HPV 16 E5 protein Thiazolo is predicted to produce more stable protein-ligand complexes than the others because of its unique molecular dynamic properties GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Coronaviruses cause mild to severe respiratory infections. The highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 new coronavirus caused a global outbreak of atypical viral pneumonia in late 2019. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure, respiratory failure, and death can result from the infection. This study aimed to evaluate the possible inhibition activity from numerous medicinal plants' bioactive compounds against three non-structural proteins, namely Nsp1, Nsp2, and Nsp10 of SARS-CoV-2, through the computational study. Molecular docking was performed on the ligands and the target protein. This study investigated multiple criteria, including binding affinity value, location, and chemical interaction. In this present study, we found the top three highest binding affinity values of bioactive compounds against Nisp1, namely cafestol, crocin, and ledene; the top three highest binding affinity values of bioactive compounds against Nisp2, including cafestol, kahweol, and theaflavin 3,3′-digallate; and top three highest binding affinity value of bioactive compounds against Nisp10 namely cafestol, kahweol, and theaflavin-3,3′-digallate. Interestingly, we also found that cafestol, crocin, and theaflavin-3,3’-digallate binds to all target proteins.

Efek Ramadhan adalah salah satu event study dalam kegiatan pasar modal. Salah satu cara untuk melihat efek Ramadhan dengan menghitung abnormal return. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis perbedaan average abnormal return (AAR) sebelum dan sesudah Ramadhan pada tahun 2017-2018. Data yang digunakan yaitu harga saham 15 perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan studi peristiwa. AAR tahun 2017 sebelum Ramadhan tertinggi dimiliki oleh emiten MLBI sedangkan pada tahun 2018 AAR tertinggi adalah emiten MYOR. Adapun AAR sesudah Ramadhan 2017 emiten tertinggi dimiliki MYOR sedangkan pada 2018 emiten tertinggi dimiliki INDF. Terdapat perbedaan efek Ramadhan tahun 2017 sedangkan tahun 2018 tidak terdapat efek Ramadhan pada perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di BEI. Kata kunci: Average abnormal return, efek Ramadhan

Dengue caused by the dengue virus (DENV) is a severe health problem in tropical regions such as Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia. Indonesian have used rhizome as traditional medicine for 1300 years. This study investigated the compounds from Kaempferia galanga, Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Curcuma aeruginosa, Curcuma zanthorrhiza, Alpinia galanga, and Allium sativum as antivirals agents, explicitly targeting the DENV envelope protein to inhibit viral fusion. This study involved 121 bioactive compounds and DENV2's prefusion envelope protein. The virtual screening and molecular docking were done through occupied the Lipinski rule of five checker (http://www.scfbio-iitd.res.in/software/drugdesign/lipinski.jsp) and AutoDock Vina (https://pyrx.sourceforge.io/) respectively. The top nine compounds with the strongest binding affinity were galangin, kampferide, demetoxy curcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, β-selinene, 6-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4,4-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-ol, piperine, estra-1,3, 5(10)-trien-17β-ol, and curcumin. These compounds' affinity values were significantly lower, around 45-62%, than chloroquine. Most of them interact with the kl hairpin and hydrophobic pocket formed by residues Val130, Leu135, Phe193, Leu198, and Phe279of critical domains that can interfere with the conformational change and rearrangement of protein dimer in the post-fusion stage. This study suggested that the galangin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin are considered the most potential compounds to be developed as anti-prefusion E DENV2 low-affinity and intense interaction with those. Keywords: DENV2, envelope protein, in silico, viral fusion, viral infection

The research aims to identify internal and external factors, formulate alternative strategies, and prioritize strategies in developing the tilapia hatchery business at the Gunung Manau Local Fish Breeding Center, Batumandi District, Balangan Regency. The basic method used is descriptive method and carried out by survey techniques. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data. Data analysis methods used (1) SWOT Analysis, (2) IE and SWOT matrix (3) QSP matrix. The results of the study reveal that (1) the main underlying strength is easily accessible production facilities, (2) the main disadvantage is that marketing outside the region is still lacking. (3) The main opportunity to get assistance from the government. (4) Whereas the fundamental threat is the effect of the dry season. (5) Based on the IE matrix, the strategy is market penetration and product development. (6) The results of the SWOT matrix from the alternative strategies implemented are maintaining seed quality and increasing production through increased application of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), Utilization of feed probiotic processing technology and feed training and increasing the number, improving the performance of technical officers in managing business seeding by providing encouragement, monitoring and evaluation as well as cooperative relations of the related institutions. (7) The priority strategy that can be applied is to improve the performance of technical officers

This study aims to determine the optimal benefits of small fish chips cork industry with limited available resources and perform sensitivity analysis on the optimal conditions For small industry profits cork fish crackers. Methods of data collection through census method. The data is taken from interviews with all members of the population. The population of small cork fish cracker industry is the one that cultivates both types (large packaged cork crackers and small cork fish crackers) as many as 15 small industries of cork fish crackers in Kota Raden Hulu Village, all of which were respondents in this study.. Based on a linear programming graphical method, showed that the optimal benefit small industries crackers catfish production occurs when a large parcel cork fish crackers (X1) 299.9373 as fish crackers cork wrap and a small parcel (X2) of 643.459 packs. While the number of optimal advantage of the production is Rp. 5,727,621, -. The sensitivity analysis is known objective function coefficient limits the maximum and minimum for C1 and C2 as follows: The maximum limit for C1 (9.213,32 ≤ C1 ≤ 9.213,34), the minimum threshold for C2 (4.606,66 ≤ C2 ≤ 18.426,68). Analysis of resources and constraints shadow value indicates the function 1 has a shadow value of Rp. 57825.5.

This study aims to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the marketing of duck eggs in the Teluk Baru Village Amuntai Selatan Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara Regency Kalimantan Selatan Province. Results of research conducted in the Teluk Baru Kecamatan Amuntai Selatan District Hulu Sungai Utara Regency Kalimantan Selatan Provinve to the marketing of duck eggs using the formulation and selection strategy is based on the analysis of internal and external environments using IFE and EFE matrix, the values obtained from the analysis of external factors (EFE) of 2.967, and for the value of the analysis of internal factors (IFE) of 2.98. It can be concluded that the marketing of duck eggs in North Hulu Sungai is medium. Marketing the placement of duck eggs is in cell V with a strategy to hold and maintain. The main types of strategies that can be applied are intensive strategies, market penetration strategies, product development.

The Indonesian state has legal provisions of religious freedom contained in the constitution and its derivatives legislation. This article aims to discuss religious freedom in Indonesian legislation from the perspective of maqāṣid hifẓ al-dīn. This study is the result of qualitative research using a content analysis approach. From the results of the discussion, it is known that the freedom of religion in Indonesian legislation includes freedoms to choose belief (Belief in One Supreme God), to worship, and to express religion. These provisions are in line with hurriyyah al-'i'tiqād Ibn 'Āsyūr and al-ḥurriyyah fī al-dīn al-Zuhailī regarding freedom of worship but are not in accordance with al-Zuhaili's opinion about freedom of belief, an area of personal choice when one may choose to be religious or not. The contradiction occurs because all Indonesian citizens must believe in One and Only God as the first precept of Pancasila and make six religions as religions recognized by the State as contained in Presidential Decree No. 1/1965 (PNPS Act). Therefore, it is necessary to reconstruct the law and values of religious freedom contained in the PNPS Act, especially in its implementation.

The criminal justice system is built on the ideology of normality, a perspective that all people are physically and intellectually normal. Consequently, the process of investigation, prosecution and examination in court proceedings is only aimed at and designed for those who are normal. The existence of persons with disabilities has become marginalized and even forgotten. The rights of persons with disabilities are often violated both when they are perpetrators and witnesses/victims of criminal acts. In order for the criminal justice system to be pro for them, the medical approach should be abandoned and replaced with a social approach. Here what is needed is what the law enforcers need to fulfill at each stage of the criminal justice so that persons with disabilities have the right to a fair criminal trial. A profile assessment is necessary to determine the character, barriers and needs of persons with disabilities in the early stages of the criminal justice process.

Praktik whistleblowing menjadi suatu hal yang sangat penting, namun faktanya intensi untuk melakukan praktik tersebut masih jarang terjadi di Indonesia dikarenakan seseorang yang seharusnya menjadi whistleblower lebih memilih untuk diam dari pada harus melaporkan tindakan kecurangan dengan harapan mereka lebih merasa aman posisinya jika tidak melakukan praktik tersebut, praktik whistleblowing sangat dibutuhkan untuk mengungkap adanya kecurangan dalam suatu organisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menguji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi intensi untuk melakukan whistleblowing internal pada OPD di Kabupaten Sumenep. Faktor-faktor ini adalah orientasi etika relativisme, intensitas moral, komitmen organisasi dan identitas profesional. Metode kuantitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Proses pengumpulan data yaitu dengan menggunakan metode survei. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh OPD Kabupaten Sumenep yang berjumlah 25 OPD. Pemilihan sampel dalam penelitian menggunakan metode sampling jenuh. Analisis data dalam penelitian menggunakan regresi linear berganda dengan program SPSS versi 20. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua faktor yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan faktor-faktor yang mendorong seseorang untuk melakukan intensi whistleblowing internal, sehingga semua hipotesis dalam penelitian ini didukung dengan data.