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1. Telomere dynamics in relation to experimentally increased locomotion costs and fitness in great tits

Author: Arie J. van Noordwijk, Simon Verhulst, Els Atema, Verhulst lab, and Animal Ecology (AnE)
Subjects: Parus, Senescence, biology, Reproductive success, media_common.quotation_subject, national, biology.organism_classification, Affect (psychology), Telomere, Ageing, Genetics, Seasonal breeder, Reproduction, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Plan_S-Compliant_TA, Demography, media_common
Abstract: Evidence that telomere length (TL) and dynamics can be interpreted as proxy for ‘life stress’ experienced by individuals stems largely from correlational studies. We tested for effects of an experimental increase of workload on telomere dynamics by equipping male great tits (Parus major) with a 0.9 gram backpack for a full year. In addition, we analysed associations between natural life-history variation, TL and TL dynamics. Carrying 5% extra weight for a year did not significantly accelerate telomere attrition. This agrees with our earlier finding that this experiment did not affect survival or future reproduction. Apparently, great tit males were able to compensate behaviourally or physiologically for the increase in locomotion costs we imposed. We found no cross-sectional association between reproductive success and TL, but individuals with higher reproductive success (number of recruits) lost fewer telomere base pairs in the subsequent year. We used the TRF method to measure TL, which method yields a TL distribution for each sample, and the association between reproductive success and telomere loss was more pronounced in the higher percentiles of the telomere distribution, in agreement with the higher impact of ageing on longer telomeres within individuals. Individuals with longer telomeres and less telomere shortening were more likely to survive to the next breeding season, but these patterns did not reach statistical significance. Whether successful individuals are characterized by losing fewer or more base pairs from their telomeres varies between species, and we discuss aspects of ecology and social organisation that may explain this variation.
Published: 2022

2. Ultralong telomeres shorten with age in nestling great tits but are static in adults and mask attrition of short telomeres

Author: Ellis Mulder, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Els Atema, Simon Verhulst, Animal Ecology (AnE), Verhulst lab, and Behavioural & Physiological Ecology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Senescence, DYNAMICS, Aging, Age effect, BIOLOGY, Class iii, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, micro-chromosomes, Parus major, Genetics, LENGTH, Animals, LONG TELOMERES, Resource Article, 10. No inequality, Practical implications, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, SEQUENCES, BIRDS, RESOURCE ARTICLES, RATHER, Age Factors, national, Telomere, telomere distribution, Molecular and Statistical Advances, GENOME, microchromosomes, qPCR, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, SURVIVAL, TRF, COSTS, Biotechnology
Abstract: Telomere length (TL) is increasingly used as a biomarker of senescence, but measuring telomeres remains a challenge. Within tissue samples, TL varies between cells and chromosomes. Class I telomeres are (presumably static) interstitial telomeric sequences, and terminal telomeres have been divided in shorter (Class II) telomeres and ultra-long (Class III) telomeres, and the presence of the latter varies strongly between species. Class II telomeres typically shorten with age, but little is known of Class III telomere dynamics. Using multiple experimental approaches, we show great tits to have ultra-long telomeres, and we investigated age effects on Class II and III telomeres using a longitudinal approach (our method excludes Class I telomeres). In adults, TL averaged over the whole distribution did not significantly change with age. However, more detailed analyses showed that Class II TL did shorten with age, and, as in other species, the longest Class II telomeres within individuals shortened faster with age. In contrast, Class III TL did not shorten with age within individual adults. Surprisingly, we found the opposite pattern in nestlings: Class III TL shortened significantly with age, while the age effect on Class II TL was close to zero. Thus, Class III telomere length may provide information on developmental history, while Class II telomere length provides information on telomere dynamics in adulthood. These findings have practical implications for telomere studies and raise the interesting question what causes variation in TL dynamics between chromosomes within individuals and how this is related to development. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2019
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3. Scaring waterfowl as a management tool: how much more do geese forage after disturbance?

Author: Andrea Kölzsch, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Bart A. Nolet, Michiel Elderenbosch, IBED Other Research (FNWI), and Animal Ecology (AnE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Herbivore, Forage (honey bee), Disturbance (geology), Ecology, biology, Foraging, Energy budget, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 010605 ornithology, Fishery, Goose, ddc:570, biology.animal, international, Waterfowl, Environmental science, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Anser
Abstract: With increasing numbers of many herbivorous waterfowl species, often foraging on farmland, the conflict with agriculture has intensified. One popular management tool is to scare birds off the land, often in association with shooting. However, the energy costs of flying are considerably higher than those of resting. Therefore, when birds fly off after a disturbance, they use extra energy that subsequently needs to be compensated.We used the white-fronted goose Anser albifrons, the most common (grass-eating) goose wintering in western Europe, as a model species. We measured flight durations by high-frequency accelerometer recordings over 2 × 24 h in nine focal geese that were only incidentally disturbed. We also made direct observations on these days to determine whether the flight durations were reliably recorded. Using both a simple and a more realistic model of the energy balance, we calculated the extra grass consumption resulting from additional intentional disturbances.On average, the geese flew daily 2 × 323 s (from and to their roosting sites at 3200 m) and furthermore took to the air 5·3 times during a day (and 1·9 times a night). Multiplied with the average flight durations of 195 s, this gives a total flying time of almost 0·6 h day−1 and a total foraging time of 7·4 h day−1. The extra foraging time needed to compensate for additional intentional disturbances strongly depends on the frequency of such disturbances and the following flight duration. If, for example, flights when intentionally disturbed are twice as long (2 × 195 s), the extra foraging time will be 3·7% day−1 (2·3–3·2% day−1 in the more realistic model) for each intentional disturbance, and the geese will no longer be able to cover their energy requirements when intentionally disturbed six times per day.Synthesis and applications. Recent experiments suggest that geese have to be scared frequently in order to reduce goose visitation to particular fields. With an intentional disturbance rate, for example, of five times a day, the birds' compensation for the increased energy expenditure will lead to a higher overall consumption of grass of 11·5–16% day−1. Accommodation schemes have to take such increases in total grass consumption into account when deciding on the refuge areas to be set aside.
Published: 2016

4. Effects of interspecific coexistence on laying date and clutch size in two closely related species of hole-nesting birds

Author: Vladimír Remeš, Toni Laaksonen, Frank Adriaensen, Marcel M. Lambrechts, Rianne Pinxten, Tomasz D. Mazgajski, Mariusz Cichoń, Tapio Solonen, Anders Pape Møller, Rimvydas Juškaitis, Blandine Doligez, Anne E. Goodenough, Philipp Heeb, Bernard Leclercq, Marcel Eens, Jordi Camprodon, Shelley A. Hinsley, Alberto Sorace, Sven G. Nilsson, Staffan Jacob, Lars Gustafsson, Ruedi G. Nager, Clotilde Biard, Ana Cláudia Norte, Jan-Åke Nilsson, Andrew G. Gosler, Anna Dubiec, Bruno Massa, Javier Balbontín, Tapio Eeva, Arie J. van Noordwijk, André A. Dhondt, Hugo Robles, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, Cornell University [New York], Laboratory of Ornithology, Palacky University Olomouc, Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp (UA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversity Department, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Institute of Environmental Sciences, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Department of Biology (Ethology), Section of Ecology, University of Turku, University of Gloucestershire [Gloucester], Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, University of Oxford, Division of Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, Stazione Inanellamento c/o Dipartimento SEN-FIMIZO, Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, Animal Ecology, Lund University [Lund], Evolutionary Ecology Group (GIBE), University of A Coruña (UDC), Luontotutkimus Solonen Oy, SROPU, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), DAAA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Meudon], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Universidad de Sevilla, Cornell University, Collège doctoral [Sorbonne universités], Sorbonne Université, Centre Tecnològico Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Jagiellonian University [Krakow] (UJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Faculté des sciences et technologies (UCBL FST), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Campus Drie Eiken, University of Gloucestershire (Cheltenham, GB), Institute of Human Sciences, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Glasgow, University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Faculty of Design Sciences [University of Antwerp], ISPRA ROME ITA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Seville, Palacky University, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Forest Technology Center of Catalonia, Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), University of Oxford [Oxford], University Basel, Inst Anat, Pestalozzistr, University of Basel (Unibas), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), (Adresse privée), Università di Palermo, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Sevilla, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Møller A.P., Balbontín J., Dhondt A.A., Remeš V., Adriaensen F., Biard C., Camprodon J., Cichoń M., Doligez B., Dubiec A., Eens M., Eeva T., Goodenough A.E., Gosler A.G., Gustafsson L., Heeb P., Hinsley S.A., Jacob S., Juškaitis R., Laaksonen T., Leclercq B., Massa B., Mazgajski T.D., Nager R.G., Nilsson J.Å., Nilsson S.G., Norte A.C., Pinxten R., Robles H., Solonen T., Sorace A., van Noordwijk A.J., Lambrechts M.M., and Animal Ecology (AnE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Avian clutch size, clutch size, nest boxes, Range (biology), media_common.quotation_subject, intraspecific competition, Zoology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, Intraspecific competition, Competition (biology), QH301, Nest, Africa, Northern, Animals, clutch size, density, interspecific competition, intraspecific competition, nest boxes, reaction norm, spatiotemporal variation, Passeriformes, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, QL_671, Parus, density, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Reproduction, interspecific competition, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Cyanistes, Interspecific competition, biology.organism_classification, spatiotemporal variation, Europe, Chemistry, Settore AGR/11 - Entomologia Generale E Applicata, reaction norm, international, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Co-existence between great tits Parus major and blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus, \ud but also other hole nesting taxa, constitutes a classic example of species\ud co-occurrence resulting in potential interference and exploitation competition\ud for food and for breeding and roosting sites. However, the spatial and temporal\ud variation in co-existence and its consequences for competition remain poorly\ud understood. 2.We used an extensive database on reproduction in nest boxes by\ud great and blue tits based on 87 study plots across Europe and Northern Africa\ud during 1957-2012 for a total of 19,075 great tit and 16,729 blue tit clutches to \ud assess correlative evidence for a relationship between laying date and clutch\ud size, respectively, and density consistent with effects of intraspecific and\ud interspecific competition. 3.In an initial set of analyses, we statistically\ud controlled for a suite of site specific variables. We found evidence for an\ud effect of intraspecific competition on blue tit laying date (later laying at\ud higher density) and clutch size (smaller clutch size at higher density), but no\ud evidence of significant effects of intraspecific competition in great tits, nor\ud effects of interspecific competition for either species. 4.To further control for\ud site-specific variation caused by a range of potentially confounding variables,\ud we compared means and variances in laying date and clutch size of great and blue \ud tits among three categories of difference in density between the two species. We \ud exploited the fact that means and variances are generally positively correlated. \ud If interspecific competition occurs, we predicted a reduction in mean and an\ud increase in variance in clutch size in great tit and blue tit when density of\ud heterospecifics is higher than the density of conspecifics and for intraspecific \ud competition this reduction would occur when density of conspecifics is higher\ud than the density of heterospecifics. Such comparisons of temporal patterns of\ud means and variances revealed evidence, for both species, consistent with\ud intraspecific competition and to a smaller extent with interspecific competition.\ud 5.These findings suggest that competition associated with reproductive behaviour \ud between blue and great tits is widespread, but also varies across large spatial\ud and temporal scales. This article is protected by copyright.
Published: 2018
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5. Stable partial migration under a genetic threshold model of migratory behaviour

Author: Marleen M. P. Cobben, Arie J. van Noordwijk, and Animal Ecology (AnE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Genetic diversity, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, Population, Evolutionary significance, Quantitative genetics, Cline (biology), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Passerine, 03 medical and health sciences, NIOO, 030104 developmental biology, Density dependence, biology.animal, Threshold model, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Many species show migratory behaviour in response to seasonal changes in environmental conditions. A peculiar, yet widespread phenomenon is partial migration, when a single population consists of both migratory and non-migratory individuals. There are still many open questions regarding the stability and evolutionary significance of such populations. For passerines the inheritance of migratory activity is best described by the threshold model of quantitative genetics. Such a model has not yet been employed in theoretical studies, in which stability of partially migratory populations is usually linked to group differences in survival or reproduction. Here we develop a parsimonious model featuring a conditional genetic threshold for passerine migratory behaviour under which stable partial migration can be observed, and we explore the resulting selection landscape. Our model results show a cline in migratory behaviour across the landscape, from fully migratory populations to fully residential populations, with a fairly wide zone of partially migratory populations, which is stable in both time and space under a wide range of parameter settings. Temporal stability of the zone is linked with the yearly variance in both migration survival and resident winter survival. In contrast to other theoretical studies, we show that density dependence in winter survival is not essential for observing partially migratory populations. In addition, we observe that selection on the genetic threshold value occurs mainly at the borders of the zone of partial migration. This result suggests that fully migratory and fully residential populations in areas far from the zone of partial migration can harbour genetic diversity that allows the appearance of the alternative phenotype under (a wide range of) different conditions.
Published: 2016
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6. Variation in means and in ends

Author: Arie J. van Noordwijk
Subjects: Behavioral Neuroscience, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Variation (linguistics), Physiology, Atmospheric sciences, Psychology
Published: 2017

7. Consequences of the genetic threshold model for observing partial migration under climate change scenarios

Author: Arie J. van Noordwijk, Marleen M. P. Cobben, and Animal Ecology (AnE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), Climate change, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, NIOO, evolution, Global environmental change, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Original Research, Genetic diversity, Extinction, Ecology, Reproductive success, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Eco-evolutionary dynamics, Global warming, Inheritance (genetic algorithm), genetic diversity, passerines, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, spatially explicit, individual‐based model, selection landscape, Threshold model
Abstract: Migration is a widespread phenomenon across the animal kingdom as a response to seasonality in environmental conditions. Partially migratory populations are populations that consist of both migratory and residential individuals. Such populations are very common, yet their stability has long been debated. The inheritance of migratory activity is currently best described by the threshold model of quantitative genetics. The inclusion of such a genetic threshold model for migratory behavior leads to a stable zone in time and space of partially migratory populations under a wide range of demographic parameter values, when assuming stable environmental conditions and unlimited genetic diversity. Migratory species are expected to be particularly sensitive to global warming, as arrival at the breeding grounds might be increasingly mistimed as a result of the uncoupling of long‐used cues and actual environmental conditions, with decreasing reproduction as a consequence. Here, we investigate the consequences for migratory behavior and the stability of partially migratory populations under five climate change scenarios and the assumption of a genetic threshold value for migratory behavior in an individual‐based model. The results show a spatially and temporally stable zone of partially migratory populations after different lengths of time in all scenarios. In the scenarios in which the species expands its range from a particular set of starting populations, the genetic diversity and location at initialization determine the species’ colonization speed across the zone of partial migration and therefore across the entire landscape. Abruptly changing environmental conditions after model initialization never caused a qualitative change in phenotype distributions, or complete extinction. This suggests that climate change‐induced shifts in species’ ranges as well as changes in survival probabilities and reproductive success can be met with flexibility in migratory behavior at the species level, which will reduce the risk of extinction.
Published: 2017

8. Variation in clutch size in relation to nest size in birds

Author: Blandine Doligez, Ian R. Hartley, Indrikis Krams, Marcel M. Lambrechts, Tore Slagsvold, Francesco Cecere, Tapio Solonen, Sven G. Nilsson, Peter N. Ferns, Vladimír Remeš, Jean Charles Bouvier, Paul Isenmann, Luís P. da Silva, Martyn J. Stenning, Rimvydas Juškaitis, Anna Dubiec, Eduardo Garcia-del-Rey, Jan-Åke Nilsson, Anders Pape Møller, Zihad Bouslama, Arne Lundberg, Cezary Mitrus, Esa Lehikoinen, Jacques Blondel, Carla S. Pimentel, Antero Järvinen, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Toni Laaksonen, Janne T. Seppänen, Wiesław Walankiewicz, Tomasz D. Mazgajski, Jukka T. Forsman, Frank Adriaensen, János Török, Marcel Eens, Tapio Eeva, Hugo Robles, Rianne Pinxten, Juan Carlos Senar, Emilio Barba, Anne Charmantier, Xavier Morin, Clotilde Biard, Camillo Cusimano, Ana Cláudia Norte, Seppo Rytkönen, Judith Morales-Fernaz, Piotr Tryjanowski, Shelley A. Hinsley, Ruedi G. Nager, Mikael von Numers, Lars Gustafsson, Aya Goldshtein, Anne E. Goodenough, Andrew G. Gosler, Jerzy Bańbura, Alberto Sorace, Motti Charter, Virginie Demeyrier, Raivo Mänd, Philippe Perret, Marie Claude Quidoz, Mark C. Mainwaring, Bruno Massa, Staffan Jacob, Bruno Faivre, Santiago Merino, Jordi Camprodon, Markku Orell, Alexandr Artemyev, Arnaud Grégoire, Claire Doutrelant, Dorota Czeszczewik, Bernard Leclercq, Heinz Richner, Iga Góźdź, Philipp Heeb, Erkki Korpimäki, Ilze Priedniece, Mariusz Cichoń, Mikko Mönkkönen, Olli J. Loukola, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution ( ESE ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp ( UA ), Institute of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] ( RAS ), Department of Experimental Zoology & Evolutionary Biology, Łódź University of Technology, Terrestrial Vertebrates Research Unit 'Cavanilles', University of Valencia-Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Ecologie et évolution, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Research Laboratory 'Ecology of Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems', University Badji Mokhtar, Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles [Avignon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Biodiversity Department, Forest Technology Center of Catalonia, (Adresse privée), Society for the Protection of Nature, University of Lausanne, University of Haifa [Haifa], Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University [Krakow] ( UJ ), Stazione Inanellamento c/o Dipartimento SEN-FIMIZO, Università di Palermo, Department of Zoology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Department of Biology (Ethology), Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de la Laguna, Department of Natural and Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology-Institute of Human Sciences, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology ( CEH ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Kilpisjarvi Biological Station, Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Rzeszow University, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Animal Ecology, Lund University [Lund], Department of Biology, Biodiversity, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra [Portugal] ( UC ), Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia-University of Lisbon, Latvian Fund for Nature, Laboratory of Ornithology, Palacky University, Institute of Ecology & Evolution ( IEE ), University of Bern, Evolutionary Ecology Group ( GIBE ), University of A Coruña ( UDC ), Unidad Asociada CSIC de Ecología Evolutiva y de la Conducta, Nat-Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo ( UiO ), Luontotutkimus Solonen Oy, SROPU, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Behavioral Ecology Group, Eötvös Loránd University ( ELTE ), Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology - NIOO-KNAW (NETHERLANDS), Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Academy University, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Antwerp (UA), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Laboratoire Ecologie et évolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Jagiellonian University [Krakow] (UJ), Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Institute of Ecology & Evolution (IEE), Evolutionary Ecology Group (GIBE), University of A Coruña (UDC), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Biosciences [Cardiff], Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)-Instituto Superior de Agronomia [Lisboa] (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Palacky University Olomouc, Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Kilpisjärvi Biological Station, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Instituto Superior de Agronomia-Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Animal Ecology (AnE), Møller, A.P., Adriaensen, F., Artemyev, A., Bańbura, J., Barba, E., Biard, C., Blondel, J., Bouslama, Z., Bouvier, J.-C., Camprodon, J., Cecere, F., Charmantier, A., Charter, M., Cichoń, M., Cusimano, C., Czeszczewik, D., Demeyrier, V., Doligez, B., Doutrelant, C., Dubiec, A., Eens, M., Eeva, T., Faivre, B., Ferns, P.N., Forsman, J.T., García-del-Rey, E., Goldshtein, A., Goodenough, A.E., Gosler, A.G., Góźdź, I., Grégoire, A., Gustafsson, L., Hartley, I.R., Heeb, P., Hinsley, S.A., Isenmann, P., Jacob, S., Järvinen, A., Juškaitis, R., Korpimäki, E., Krams, I., Laaksonen, T., Leclercq, B., Lehikoinen, E., Loukola, O., Lundberg, A., Mainwaring, M.C., Mänd, R., Massa, B., Mazgajski, T.D., Merino, S., Mitrus, C., Mönkkönen, M., Morales-Fernaz, J., Morin, X., Nager, R.G., Nilsson, J.-Å., Nilsson, S.G., Norte, A.C., Orell, M., Perret, P., Pimentel, C.S., Pinxten, R., Priedniece, I., Quidoz, M.-C., Remeš, V., Richner, H., Robles, H., Rytkönen, S., Senar, J.C., Seppänen, J.T., da Silva, L.P., Slagsvold, T., Solonen, T., Sorace, A., Stenning, M.J., Török, J., Tryjanowski, P., van Noordwijk, A.J., von Numers, M., Walankiewicz, W., and Lambrechts, M.M.
Subjects: BREEDING SUCCESS, Avian clutch size, Biodiversité et Ecologie, SEXUAL SELECTION, Predation, natural holes, Nest, TITS PARUS-MAJOR, BLUE TITS, QL_671, Original Research, GE, Ecology, hole nesting, STURNUS-VULGARIS, FLYCATCHERS FICEDULA, Chemistry, reaction norm, Sexual selection, international, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Hole nesting, Hole nesting, natural holes, nest boxes, reaction norm, nest boxes, education, ta1172, Zoology, Biology, Intraspecific competition, Ecology and Environment, Biodiversity and Ecology, Clutch, Nest box, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Ekologi, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Interspecific competition, PIED FLYCATCHERS, PASSERINE BIRDS, Settore AGR/11 - Entomologia Generale E Applicata, ta1181, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, GREAT TITS, THERMAL CONDITIONS
Abstract: © 2014 The Authors. Nests are structures built to support and protect eggs and/or offspring from predators, parasites, and adverse weather conditions. Nests are mainly constructed prior to egg laying, meaning that parent birds must make decisions about nest site choice and nest building behavior before the start of egg-laying. Parent birds should be selected to choose nest sites and to build optimally sized nests, yet our current understanding of clutch size-nest size relationships is limited to small-scale studies performed over short time periods. Here, we quantified the relationship between clutch size and nest size, using an exhaustive database of 116 slope estimates based on 17,472 nests of 21 species of hole and non-hole-nesting birds. There was a significant, positive relationship between clutch size and the base area of the nest box or the nest, and this relationship did not differ significantly between open nesting and hole-nesting species. The slope of the relationship showed significant intraspecific and interspecific heterogeneity among four species of secondary hole-nesting species, but also among all 116 slope estimates. The estimated relationship between clutch size and nest box base area in study sites with more than a single size of nest box was not significantly different from the relationship using studies with only a single size of nest box. The slope of the relationship between clutch size and nest base area in different species of birds was significantly negatively related to minimum base area, and less so to maximum base area in a given study. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that bird species have a general reaction norm reflecting the relationship between nest size and clutch size. Further, they suggest that scientists may influence the clutch size decisions of hole-nesting birds through the provisioning of nest boxes of varying sizes.
Published: 2014
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9. Long-term trends in survival of a declining population: the case of the little owl (Athene noctua) in the Netherlands

Author: Henk P. van der Jeugd, Arjan Boele, Piet Fuchs, Ronald van Harxen, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Hans Schekkerman, Pascaline Le Gouar, Pascal Stroeken, Dutch Centre for Avian Migration & Demography, Animal Ecology (AnE), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SOVON-Dutch Center for Field Ornithology, Dutch Center for Field Ornithology, Vogeltrekstation-Dutch Centre for Avian Migration and Demography, NIOO-KNAW, STONE, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology - NIOO-KNAW (NETHERLANDS), project 'Steenuil onder de pannen' Birdlife Netherlands, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Conservation of Natural Resources, Population, Population Dynamics, Conservation, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Models, Biological, 010605 ornithology, Juvenile, Vital rates, Animals, Ringing data, education, Survival rate, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, Demography, Netherlands, Athene noctua, Population Density, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Endangered Species, Multistate capture-recapture, biology.organism_classification, Strigiformes, Population decline, Multistate capture–recapture, Vole, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Little owl, Population ecology - Original Paper
Abstract: The little owl (Athene noctua) has declined significantly in many parts of Europe, including the Netherlands. To understand the demographic mechanisms underlying their decline, we analysed all available Dutch little owl ringing data. The data set spanned 35 years, and included more than 24,000 ringed owls, allowing detailed estimation of survival rates through multi-state capture–recapture modelling taking dispersal into account. We investigated geographical and temporal variation in age-specific survival rates and linked annual survival estimates to population growth rate in corresponding years, as well as to environmental covariates. The best model for estimating survival assumed time effects on both juvenile and adult survival rates, with average annual survival estimated at 0.258 (SE = 0.047) and 0.753 (SE = 0.019), respectively. Juvenile survival rates decreased with time whereas adult survival rates fluctuated regularly among years, low survival occurring about every 4 years. Years when the population declined were associated with low juvenile survival. More than 60% of the variation in juvenile survival was explained by the increase in road traffic intensity or in average temperature in spring, but these correlations rather reflect a gradual decrease in juvenile survival coinciding with long-term global change than direct causal effects. Surprisingly, vole dynamics did not explain the cyclic dynamics of adult survival rate. Instead, dry and cold years led to low adult survival rates. Low juvenile survival rates, that limit recruitment of first-year breeders, and the regular occurrence of years with poor adult survival, were the most important determinants of the population decline of the little owl. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00442-010-1868-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2010
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10. Improving the analysis of movement data from marked individuals through explicit estimation of observer heterogeneity

Author: Ulrich Köppen, Henk P. van der Jeugd, Philip W. Atkinson, Annette Sauter, Marc Kéry, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Kasper Thorup, Wojciech Kania, Jérôme Guélat, Fränzi Korner-Nievergelt, Michael Schaub, Robert A. Robinson, Dutch Centre for Avian Migration & Demography, and Animal Ecology (AnE)
Subjects: Estimation, Ring (mathematics), Distribution (mathematics), Observer (quantum physics), Statistics, Covariate, Animal Science and Zoology, Spatial variability, Variation (game tree), Biology, Measure (mathematics), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Ring re-encounter data, in particular ring recoveries, have made a large contribution to our understanding of bird movements. However, almost every study based on ring re-encounter data has struggled with the bias caused by unequal observer distribution. Re-encounter probabilities are strongly heterogeneous in space and over time. If this heterogeneity can be measured or at least controlled for, the enormous number of ring re-encounter data collected can be used effectively to answer many questions. Here, we review four different approaches to account for heterogeneity in observer distribution in spatial analyses of ring re-encounter data. The first approach is to measure re-encounter probability directly. We suggest that variation in ring re-encounter probability could be estimated by combining data whose re-encounter probabilities are close to one (radio or satellite telemetry) with data whose re-encounter probabilities are low (ring re-encounter data). The second approach is to measure the spatial variation in re-encounter probabilities using environmental covariates. It should be possible to identify powerful predictors for ring re-encounter probabilities. A third approach consists of the comparison of the actual observations with all possible observations using randomization techniques. We encourage combining such randomisations with ring re-encounter models that we discuss as a fourth approach. Ring re-encounter models are based on the comparison of groups with equal re-encounter probabilities. Together these four approaches could improve our understanding of bird movements considerably. We discuss their advantages and limitations and give directions for future research.
Published: 2010
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11. Neutral markers mirror small-scale quantitative genetic differentiation in an avian island population

Author: Robert-Jan den Tex, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Erik Postma, and A. Christa Mateman
Subjects: Parus, Genetics, education.field_of_study, Population, Population genetics, Quantitative genetics, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Gene flow, F-statistics, Evolutionary biology, Genetic structure, Genetic variability, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: We still know remarkably little about the extent to which neutral markers can provide a biologically relevant description of population structure. In the present study, we address this question, and quantify microsatellite differentiation among a small, structured island population of great tits (Parus major), and a large mainland population 150 km away. Although only a few kilometres apart, we found small but statistically significant levels of differentiation between the eastern and the western part of the island. On the other hand, there was no differentiation between the western part of the island and the mainland population, whereas the eastern part and the mainland did differ significantly. This initially counterintuitive result provides powerful support for the hypothesis that the large genetic difference in clutch size between both parts of the island found earlier is maintained by different levels of gene flow into both parts of the island, and illustrates the capac! ity of microsatellites to provide a meaningful description of population structure. Importantly, because the level of microsatellite differentiation is very low, we were unable to infer any population structure without grouping individuals a priori. Hence, these low levels of differentiation in neutral markers could easily remain undetected, or incorrectly be dismissed as biologically irrelevant. Thus, although microsatellites can provide a powerful tool to study genetic structure in wild populations, they should be used in conjunction with a range of other sources of information, rather than as a replacement.
Published: 2009
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12. The effects of prey size on diet differentiation of seven passerine species at two spring stopover sites

Author: Arie J. Van Noordwijk, Chiara Marchetti, Natale Emilio Baldaccini, Daria Patrizia Locatelli, and Animal Population Biology
Subjects: biology, Ecology, Redstart, biology.organism_classification, Passerine, Predation, Warbler, Phoenicurus phoenicurus, biology.animal, Wood warbler, Animal Science and Zoology, Phylloscopus trochilus, Garden warbler, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Prey size was evaluated for seven passerine trans-Saharan migrant species at two spring stopover sites in Sardinia, Italy. The species considered were Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca, Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata, Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus, Garden Warbler Sylvia borin, Whitethroat Sylvia communis, Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus and Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix. The analysis was made for three prominent prey types: beetles (Coleoptera), ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and "flying prey" (wasps and bees [Hymenoptera, excluding ants] and flies, Diptera, pooled), The prey size distribution in the diets of some species was very similar to that caught in our insect traps, showing that our estimates of availability are, at least partially, relevant, On the whole, diets deviated from food available in a species consistent way, The size distributions of "flying prey" differed between the two sites but were almost constant in the birds' diets, In contrast, size distributions of available beetles and ants at the sites were similar but were different in the birds' diets. Different feeding behaviour of the birds, in terms of physiological constraints during migratory stopovers, is discussed. Paired species comparisons show that the diets of most species differ significantly in the distribution of the size classes of at least some prey types, The conclusions drawn from the comparisons of the size distributions of all prey items collected from a bird species in one season are very similar to the conclusions drawn from comparisons based on the presence/absence of a size class per faecal sample. We compared the similarities of diet with and without using information on prey size, With the exception of the Pied Flycatcher and the Redstart at one of the study sites, size information did not add to diet segregation. Certain size classes within prey types tended to be common in the diet of these migrant passerines. However, specialization on certain size classes within broad taxonomic categories was not evident. [KEYWORDS: Trans-saharan migrants; habitat selection; competition; warblers; behavior; birds]
Published: 2008
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13. Solutions for Archiving Data in Long-Term Studies: A Reply to Whitlock et al

Author: Christophe Thébaud, Erkki Korpimäki, Richard H. M. Espie, Blandine Doligez, Sarah Wanless, Alastair J. Wilson, Gilles Gauthier, Daniel Oro, Christophe Bonenfant, Bengt Hansson, Frédéric Jiguet, Jon E. Swenson, Anders Pape Møller, James S. Sedinger, A.V. Bushuev, Robert F. Rockwell, Robert W. Furness, Denis Réale, Michael P. Harris, Céline Teplitsky, Hugh Drummond, Anne Charmantier, Steeve D. Côté, Alexandre Roulin, Emmanuelle Cam, Niels Jeroen Dingemanse, Juha Merilä, Francesca D. Frentiu, John W. Fitzpatrick, Benoit Pujol, Andrew Cockburn, Shinichi Nakagawa, Tomas Pärt, Peter H. Becker, Marco Festa-Bianchet, Andreas Zedrosser, James A. Mills, Pierre Bize, David F. Westneat, Marcel E. Visser, Peter R. Grant, Antoni Margalida, Luc Lens, Petter Kjellander, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Matthew Low, Andrew G. McAdam, Tim R. Birkhead, Beatriz Arroyo, Jaime Potti, Stan Boutin, Daniel T. Blumstein, Ian C.T. Nisbet, Michael Griesser, Francis Daunt, Charles J. Krebs, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Lars Gustafsson, John D. C. Linnell, Jan-Åke Nilsson, Fanie Pelletier, John C. Coulson, Animal Ecology (AnE), Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Aberdeen], University of Aberdeen, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Parasitologie évolutive (PE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology - NIOO-KNAW (NETHERLANDS), Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Openet, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences [UK], University of Glasgow, Departement de Biologie & Centre d'Etudes Nordiques, Université Laval, Institute for Digital Communications (IDCOM), University of Edinburgh, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Lund University [Lund], Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu (IMJ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d'Oiseaux (CRBPO ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU), Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Bearded Vulture Study and Protection Group, Department of Biosciences [Helsinki], Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Animal Ecology, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), Institut Mediterrani d'estudis Avançats, Mallorca, Spain, Departemento de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC), Estacion de Donana, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département des Sciences Biologiques [Montréal], Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Département de biologie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d’Oiseaux (CRBPO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Computer science, Ecology (disciplines), Information Dissemination, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Open access publishing, Surveys and Questionnaires, Information system, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Science General, Data science, Term (time), Data sharing, 030104 developmental biology, Open Access Publishing, international, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ta1181
Abstract: James A. Mills et al.-- Letter.
Published: 2016
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14. Costs of long-term carrying of extra mass in a songbird

Author: Jelle J. Boonekamp, Simon Verhulst, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Els Atema, Verhulst lab, and Animal Ecology (AnE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Avian clutch size, LIFE-HISTORY, BROOD SIZE, biometry, Biology, Trade-off, PARUS-MAJOR, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, workload, reproduction, 03 medical and health sciences, Nest, Seasonal breeder, Parental investment, Nest box, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, BIRDS, Ecology, avian, national, ENERGY-EXPENDITURE, CLUTCH SIZE, PARENTAL INVESTMENT, mortality, Backpack, 030104 developmental biology, TRADE-OFF, Animal Science and Zoology, GREAT TITS, Demography
Abstract: Iteroparous organisms face a trade-off between reproduction and survival, but knowledge of whether how and when costs of long-term increases in workload are paid is scant. We increased locomotion costs for a whole year by equipping male great tits with a backpack during breeding, removing the backpacks 1 year later. We applied 3 different treatments: control (without backpack), light ("empty" backpack, 0.1g), and heavy ("full" backpack, 0.9g, similar to 5% of body mass). Backpacks were administered in 3 cohorts, and we monitored effects on mass of nestlings and the male, wing length, reproduction, and survival. Added mass had a negative effect on nestling mass in both the starting year of the experiment and 1 year later, but not on production of fledglings or recruits. In winter and the next breeding season, males equipped with heavy backpacks had a higher (net) body mass and had shorter third primary feathers than the other 2 groups. Heavy backpack males were less likely to sleep in a nest box in winter. Nest boxes are optimal roosting sites, and we interpret this finding as a treatment effect on success in competition over this resource. However, there was no effect of the manipulation on survival. Overall, we found no long-term fitness consequences, and we discuss possible explanations and implications for the "starvation-predation theory" of optimal body mass. However, we found short-term effects of carrying extra weight suggesting that behavioral studies using small devices should consider the effects of equipping small non-migratory passerines with devices such as transmitters.
Published: 2016

15. Gene flow maintains a large genetic difference in clutch size at a small spatial scale

Author: Erik Postma, Arie J. van Noordwijk, and Animal Population Biology
Subjects: Avian clutch size, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Natural selection, Evolutionary biology, Population, Genetic variability, Biology, Adaptation, education, Selection (genetic algorithm), Gene flow, Local adaptation
Abstract: Understanding the capacity of natural populations to adapt to their local environment is a central topic in evolutionary biology. Phenotypic differences between populations may have a genetic basis, but showing that they reflect different adaptive optima requires the quantification of both gene flow and selection. Good empirical data are rare. Using data on a spatially structured island population of great tits (Parus major), we show here that a persistent difference in mean clutch size between two subpopulations only a few kilometres apart has a major genetic component. We also show that immigrants from outside the island carry genes for large clutches. But gene flow into one subpopulation is low, as a result of a low immigration rate together with strong selection against immigrant genes. This has allowed for adaptation to the island environment and the maintenance of small clutches. In the other area, however, higher gene flow prevents local adaptation and maintains larger clutches. We show that the observed small-scale genetic difference in clutch size is not due to divergent selection on the island, but to different levels of gene flow from outside the island. Our findings illustrate the large effect of immigration on the evolution of local adaptations and on genetic population structure.
Published: 2005
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16. Realized heritability and repeatability of risk-taking behaviour in relation to avian personalities

Author: Piet de Goede, Piet J. Drent, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Kees van Oers, and Animal Population Biology
Subjects: Reflex, Startle, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Biology, Breeding, Personality psychology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Developmental psychology, Songbirds, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Risk-Taking, Personality, Animals, Big Five personality traits, Selection, Genetic, education, General Environmental Science, media_common, Netherlands, education.field_of_study, Analysis of Variance, Appetitive Behavior, General Immunology and Microbiology, General Medicine, Heritability, Startle reaction, Biological Evolution, Natural population growth, Evolutionary biology, Trait, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Research Article
Abstract: Personalities are general properties of humans and other animals. Different personality traits are phenotypically correlated, and heritabilities of personality traits have been reported in humans and various animals. In great tits, consistent heritable differences have been found in relation to exploration, which is correlated with various other personality traits. In this paper, we investigate whether or not risk-taking behaviour is part of these avian personalities. We found that (i) risk-taking behaviour is repeatable and correlated with exploratory behaviour in wild-caught hand-reared birds, (ii) in a bi-directional selection experiment on 'fast' and 'slow' early exploratory behaviour, bird lines tend to differ in risk-taking behaviour, and (iii) within-nest variation of risk-taking behaviour is smaller than between-nest variation. To show that risk-taking behaviour has a genetic component in a natural bird population, we bred great tits in the laboratory and artificially selected 'high' and 'low' risk-taking behaviour for two generations. Here, we report a realized heritability of 19.3 - 3.3% (s.e.m.) for risk-taking behaviour. With these results we show in several ways that risk-taking behaviour is linked to exploratory behaviour, and we therefore have evidence for the existence of avian personalities. Moreover, we prove that there is heritable variation in more than one correlated personality trait in a natural population, which demonstrates the potential for correlated evolution. [KEYWORDS: selection response; risk-taking behaviour; Parus major; approach-avoidance; temperament; personality]
Published: 2004

17. The EURING exchange code 2000

Author: Arie J. van Noordwijk, Gerrit Speek, Jacquie A. Clark, Rinse D. Wassenaar, Zenon Rohde, Animal Population Biology, and Dutch Centre for Avian Migration & Demography
Subjects: Coding system, European standard, Animal Science and Zoology, Bird ringing, Satellite tracking, Biology, Ringing, Data science, Coding (social sciences)
Abstract: The EURING code, which has been the European standard coding system for observations on marked birds, has undergone a major revision and extension resulting in the EURING EXCHANGE CODE 2000. Major aspects of change have a background in computer-technology, a shift in scientific questions and in the interaction between the two. Over the last decades, studies aimed at measuring survival rates and dispersal of individuals have become major questions for bird ringing besides migration research. In these studies one has many observations on the same individual. Therefore, the old code, where each record had a ringing and a finding (dead or alive) part, has been replaced and now each record describes one encounter with the bird. This also facilitates coding all the ringing data, before any subsequent observations have been made. New fields and changed coding make it possible to record many more details about methods used and greater precision of coordinates. The new code specifically allows for recording repeated observations of the same individual arising from other marking systems, such as e.g. radio- or satellite tracking or transponders. The code is freely available and it is hoped that many people will use it, since the future opportunities of using data from different sources that have been coded in the same way are enormous.
Published: 2003
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18. Heritability of telomere length in the Zebra Finch

Author: Hannah L. Dugdale, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Els Atema, Simon Verhulst, Ellis Mulder, Michael Briga, Animal Ecology (AnE), Verhulst lab, Behavioural & Physiological Ecology, and Dugdale group
Subjects: DYNAMICS, 'Animal' model, Avian, CHROMOSOME, (Half-) siblings, Population, Biology, AGE, Cross-fostered, Credible interval, OXIDATIVE STRESS, education, Zebra finch, LIFE-SPAN, Genetics, education.field_of_study, BIRDS, SEQUENCES, Hatching, RATHER, HUMANS, Heritability, ‘Animal’ model, Confidence interval, Telomere, international, Trait, SURVIVAL, TRF, (Half-)siblings, Natal environment
Abstract: Telomere length predicts survival in birds, and many stressors that presumably reduce fitness have also been linked to telomere length. The response to selection of telomere length will be largely determined by the heritability of this trait; however, little is known about the genetic component of telomere length variation in animals other than humans. Moreover, published heritability estimates of telomere length are based on telomere measurements with techniques that do not distinguish between terminal telomeres, which are susceptible to age and stress, and the interstitial telomeric repeats, which are relatively inert. Heritability estimates that combine interstitial and terminal telomeres are difficult to interpret in species such as birds, where interstitial telomeres are often numerous. We estimated the heritability of terminal telomere length in a captive Zebra Finch population of cross-fostered (half-)siblings using data obtained with an electrophoresis technique that excludes the interstitial repeats from the measurements. We used both a Bayesian quantitative genetic 'animal' model and a frequentist sibling regression approach to estimate heritability. With the animal model, we estimated a high heritability of telomere length (h (2) = 0.99, 95 % credible interval = 0.87-1), but had insufficient statistical power to separate parental and permanent environment effects. The frequentist approach yielded similar heritability estimates, although with large confidence intervals. We used general linear mixed models to disentangle variance components of telomere length. The relative contributions of the individual, mother and father to telomere length variation were statistically indistinguishable at 23-31 %. Chicks were cross-fostered 4-days after hatching, and no effect of rearing nest was found, indicating that any undetected environmental effects exerted their influence prior to, or soon after, hatching. Thus, we conclude that telomere length resemblance between relatives is high and proportional to their relatedness, but we cannot conclusively distinguish between genetic and other forms of inheritance.
Published: 2015

19. Archiving primary data: solutions for long-term studies

Author: Blandine Doligez, Juha Merilä, Steeve D. Côté, Peter R. Grant, Robert F. Rockwell, Daniel T. Blumstein, Jaime Potti, Stan Boutin, Denis Réale, Christophe Thébaud, Tomas Pärt, Andreas Zedrosser, Alexandre Roulin, Beatriz Arroyo, Fanie Pelletier, John C. Coulson, Charles J. Krebs, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Jon E. Swenson, Marcel E. Visser, Petter Kjellander, Anne Charmantier, Francesca D. Frentiu, Anders Pape Møller, Erkki Korpimäki, Michael P. Harris, Gilles Gauthier, Andrew G. McAdam, Andrew Cockburn, Christophe Bonenfant, Antoni Margalida, Shinichi Nakagawa, James S. Sedinger, Sarah Wanless, Niels Jeroen Dingemanse, Emmanuelle Cam, James A. Mills, Daniel Oro, Bengt Hansson, Hugh Drummond, Benoit Pujol, Pierre Bize, Tim R. Birkhead, Robert W. Furness, David F. Westneat, Frédéric Jiguet, Céline Teplitsky, A.V. Bushuev, Luc Lens, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Matthew Low, Alastair J. Wilson, Francis Daunt, Jan-Åke Nilsson, Lars Gustafsson, Peter H. Becker, Marco Festa-Bianchet, John D. C. Linnell, John W. Fitzpatrick, Dany Garant, Ian C.T. Nisbet, Michael Griesser, Richard H. M. Espie, Animal Ecology (AnE), Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Openet, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences [UK], University of Glasgow, Departement de Biologie & Centre d'Etudes Nordiques, Université Laval, Institute for Digital Communications (IDCOM), University of Edinburgh, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Lund University [Lund], Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu (IMJ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d'Oiseaux (CRBPO ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU), Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Bearded Vulture Study and Protection Group, Department of Biosciences [Helsinki], Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Parasitologie évolutive (PE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Animal Ecology, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), Institut Mediterrani d'estudis Avançats, Mallorca, Spain, Departemento de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC), Estacion de Donana, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département des Sciences Biologiques [Montréal], Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Biodémographie évolutive, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Département de biologie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Centre de Recherches sur la Biologie des Populations d’Oiseaux (CRBPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ta1172, Information Dissemination, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Open access publishing, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Data and Information, Longitudinal Studies, Biological sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Ecology, Apprehension, Food availability, business.industry, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Principal (computer security), Biological evolution, Public relations, Biological Evolution, Term (time), Open Access Publishing, international, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ta1181, Periodicals as Topic, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: James A. Mills et al., The recent trend for journals to require open access to primary data included in publications has been embraced by many biologists, but has caused apprehension amongst researchers engaged in long-term ecological and evolutionary studies. A worldwide survey of 73 principal investigators (Pls) with long-term studies revealed positive attitudes towards sharing data with the agreement or involvement of the PI, and 93% of PIs have historically shared data. Only 8% were in favor of uncontrolled, open access to primary data while 63% expressed serious concern. We present here their viewpoint on an issue that can have non-trivial scientific consequences. We discuss potential costs of public data archiving and provide possible solutions to meet the needs of journals and researchers., C.T. was funded by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant ANR-12-ADAP-0006).
Published: 2015
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20. The tale of the parasitic cuckoos

Author: Arie J. van Noordwijk
Subjects: Brood parasite, Multidisciplinary, Phylogenetics, Evolutionary biology, Zoology, Biological evolution, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Cuckoo
Abstract: These days, investigations of evolutionary events in groups of organisms can be taken well beyond the just-so story. Analysis of how members of the cuckoo family became 'brood parasites' provides a wonderful example.
Published: 2002
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21. Clutch-size variation in Western Palaearctic secondary hole-nesting passerine birds in relation to nest box design

Author: Anne E. Goodenough, Alexis S. Chaine, Martyn J. Stenning, Jacques Blondel, Shelley A. Hinsley, Philipp Heeb, Erkki Korpimäki, Olli J. Loukola, Anne Charmantier, Tore Slagsvold, Eduardo Garcia-del-Rey, Paul Isenmann, Carla S. Pimentel, Aya Goldshtein, Arne Lundberg, Jean Charles Bouvier, Andrew F. Russell, Zihad Bouslama, Ilze Priedniece, Jordi Camprodon, Janne T. Seppänen, Markku Orell, Alexandr Artemyev, Camillo Cusimano, Judith Morales-Fernaz, Peter N. Ferns, Vladimír Remeš, Juan Moreno, Frank Adriaensen, János Török, Xavier Morin, Ian R. Hartley, Ruedi G. Nager, Toni Laaksonen, Marcel M. Lambrechts, Christopher M. Perrins, Tapio Eeva, Rimvydas Juškaitis, Seppo Rytkönen, Luís P. da Silva, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Rianne Pinxten, Hugo Robles, Juan Carlos Senar, Bruno Faivre, Piotr Tryjanowski, Andrew G. Gosler, Tapio Solonen, Arnaud Grégoire, Jerzy Bańbura, Alberto Sorace, Staffan Jacob, Sven G. Nilsson, Heinz Richner, Motti Charter, Clotilde Biard, Blandine Doligez, Wiesaw Walankiewicz, Anders Pape Møller, Claire Doutrelant, Cezary Mitrus, Mikael von Numers, Raivo Mänd, Marcel Eens, Lars Gustafsson, Ana Cláudia Norte, Santiago Merino, Mariusz Cichoń, Mikko Mönkkönen, Esa Lehikoinen, Francesco Cecere, Dorota Czeszczewik, Bernard Leclercq, Antero Järvinen, Anna Dubiec, Wojciech Kania, Jan-Åke Nilsson, Indrikis Krams, Iga Góźdź, Philippe Perret, Marie Claude Quidoz, Mark C. Mainwaring, Jukka T. Forsman, Bruno Massa, Tomasz D. Mazgajski, Emilio Barba, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp (UA), Institute of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Department of Experimental Zoology & Evolutionary Biology, Łódź University of Technology, Terrestrial Vertebrates Research Unit 'Cavanilles', University of Valencia-Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratoire Ecologie et évolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Research Laboratory 'Ecology of Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems', University Badji Mokhtar, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biodiversity Department, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis (SEEM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Haifa [Haifa], Society for the Protection of Nature, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Institute of Environmental Sciences, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Stazione Inanellamento c/o Dipartimento SEN-FIMIZO, Università di Palermo, Department of Zoology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Department of Biology (Ethology), Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Biosciences [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Department of Natural and Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology-Institute of Human Sciences, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, The Lodge, RSPB, Kilpisjarvi Biological Station, Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, Ornithological Station, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN)-Museum and Institute of Zoology, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Rzeszow University, Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Animal Ecology, Lund University [Lund], Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Centro de Estudos Florestais, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA)-Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Latvian Fund for Nature, Laboratory of Ornithology, Palacky University Olomouc, Institute of Ecology & Evolution (IEE), University of Bern, Unidad Asociada CSIC de Ecología Evolutiva y de la Conducta, Nat-Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Luontotutkimus Solonen Oy, SROPU, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Behavioral Ecology Group, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology - NIOO-KNAW (NETHERLANDS), Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Academy University, Study supported by Academy of Finland (Project Number 265859), by the Spanish Research Council-CSIC, by the European Social Fund (programme 'Junta para la Ampliacion de Estudios'), by OTKA (Project Number 75618) and by Fundacion Alfonso Martin Escudero and Xunta de Galicia (Angeles Alvarino program and Plan I2C postdoctoral grant)., Ecologie Systématique et Evolution ( ESE ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Antwerp ( UA ), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] ( RAS ), Ecologie et évolution, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Unité Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles ( PSH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Forest Technology Center of Catalonia, Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Lausanne, Jagiellonian University [Krakow] ( UJ ), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Bioscience, Universidad de la Laguna, Evolution et Diversité Biologique ( EDB ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ) -Museum and Institute of Zoology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, University of Coimbra [Portugal] ( UC ), Instituto Superior de Agronomia-University of Lisbon, Palacky University, Institute of Ecology & Evolution ( IEE ), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo ( UiO ), Eötvös Loránd University ( ELTE ), Animal Population Biology, Animal Ecology (AnE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Jagiellonian University [Krakow] (UJ), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN)-Museum and Institute of Zoology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Møller, AP, Adriaensen, F, Artemyev, A, Bańbura, J, Barba, E, Biard, C, Blondel, J, Bouslama, Z, Bouvier, JC, Camprodon, J, Cecere, C, Chaine, A, Charmantier, A, Charter, M, Cichoń, M, Cusimano, C, Czeszczewik, D, Doligez, B, Doutrelant, C, Dubiec, A, Eens, M, Eeva, T, Faivre, B, Ferns, PN, Forsman, JT, García-del-Rey, E, Goldshtein, A, Goodenough, AE, Gosler, AG, Góźdź, I, Grégoire, A, Gustafsson, L, Hartley, IR, Heeb, P, Hinsley, SA, Isenmann, P, Jacob, S, Järvinen, A, Juškaitis, R, Kania, W, Korpimäki, E, Krams, I, Laaksonen, T, Leclercq, B, Lehikoinen, E, Loukola, O, Lundberg, A, Mainwaring, MC, Mänd, R, Massa, B, Mazgajski, TD, Merino, S, Mitrus, C, Mönkkönen, M, Morales-Fernaz, J, Moreno, J, Morin, X, Nager, RG, Nilsson, JA, Nilsson, SG, Norte, AC, Orell, M, Perret, P, Perrins, CM, Pimentel, CS, Pinxten, R, Priedniece, I, Quidoz, MC, Remeš, V, Richner, H, Robles, H, Russell, A, Rytkönen, S, Senar, JC, Seppänen, JT, Pascoal da Silva, L, Slagsvold, T, Solonen, T, Sorace, A, Stenning, MJ, Török, J, Tryjanowski, P, van Noordwijk, AJ, von Numers, M, Walankiewicz, W, Lambrechts, MM, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tel Aviv University (TAU), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)-Instituto Superior de Agronomia [Lisboa] (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, European Commission, and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Avian clutch size, Nest box floor area, habitat, Nest boxmaterial, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 010605 ornithology, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Nest, biology.animal, nest box material, Nest box, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geographic location, Parus, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Latitude, biology, Ecology, Ecological Modeling, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, longitude, Cyanistes, Ficedula, nest box floor area, latitude, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Bird nest, Passerine, Habitat, Chemistry, Settore AGR/11 - Entomologia Generale E Applicata, Longitude, geographic location, international, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Hole nesting, natural holes, nest boxes, reaction norm
Abstract: Møller, A.P. [et al.], Secondary hole-nesting birds that do not construct nest holes themselves and hence regularly breed in nest boxes constitute important model systems for field studies in many biological disciplines with hundreds of scientists and amateurs involved. Those research groups are spread over wide geographic areas that experience considerable variation in environmental conditions, and researchers provide nest boxes of varying designs that may inadvertently introduce spatial and temporal variation in reproductive parameters. We quantified the relationship between mean clutch size and nest box size and material after controlling for a range of environmental variables in four of the most widely used model species in the Western Palaearctic: great tit Parus major, blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus, pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca and collared flycatcher F. albicollis from 365 populations and 79 610 clutches. Nest floor area and nest box material varied non-randomly across latitudes and longitudes, showing that scientists did not adopt a random box design. Clutch size increased with nest floor area in great tits, but not in blue tits and flycatchers. Clutch size of blue tits was larger in wooden than in concrete nest boxes. These findings demonstrate that the size of nest boxes and material used to construct nest boxes can differentially affect clutch size in different species. The findings also suggest that the nest box design may affect not only focal species, but also indirectly other species through the effects of nest box design on productivity and therefore potentially population density and hence interspecific competition. © 2014 The Authors. Methods in Ecology and Evolution © 2014 British Ecological Society., J. Morales by the Spanish Research Council-CSIC and the European Social Fund (programme Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios).
Published: 2014
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22. Offspring fitness and individual optimization of clutch size

Author: Christiaan Both, Joost M. Tinbergen, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Both group, Centre for Terrestrial Ecology (NIOO / CTE), and Animal Population Biology
Subjects: life history, Avian clutch size, JUVENILE SURVIVAL, BROOD SIZE, Offspring, Population, NESTLING WEIGHT, Zoology, GREAT-TIT, Biology, clutch size optimization, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Parus major, REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS, Clutch, TITS PARUS-MAJOR, education, reproductive and urinary physiology, General Environmental Science, education.field_of_study, General Immunology and Microbiology, Reproductive success, HERITABILITY, Ecology, PARENT, food and beverages, General Medicine, FICEDULA-HYPOLEUCA, Heritability, Brood, cross-fostering, recruitment, DENSITY, embryonic structures, behavior and behavior mechanisms, Adaptation, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract: Within-year variation in clutch size has been claimed to be an adaptation to variation in the individual capacity to raise offspring. We tested this hypothesis by manipulating brood size to one common size, and predicted that if clutch size is individually optimized, then birds with originally large clutches have a higher fitness than birds with originally small clutches. No evidence was found that fitness was related to the original clutch size, and in this population clutch size is thus not related to the parental capacity to raise offspring. However, offspring from larger original clutches recruited better than their nest-mates that came from smaller original clutches. This suggests that early maternal or genetic variation in viability is related to clutch size. [KEYWORDS: life history; clutch size optimization; recruitment; Parus major; cross-fostering Tits parus-major; great-tit; brood size; reproductive success; ficedula-hypoleuca; juvenile survival; nestling weight; parent; heritability; density]
Published: 1998
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23. Measuring dispersal as distance-dependent recruitment rates: testing the performance of DDRR on simulated data

Author: Arie J. van Noordwijk and Animal Ecology (AnE)
Subjects: Movement analysis, Sample size determination, Simulated data, Population structure, Statistics, Spatial ecology, Biological dispersal, Animal Science and Zoology, Biology, Spatial distribution
Abstract: Dispersal is an important process in ecology, but its measurement is difficult. In particular, natal dispersal— the net movement between site of birth and site of first reproduction—is important, since it determines population structure. Using simulated data, I study the claim that measuring dispersal in terms of distance-dependent recruitment rates filters out many problems. Using several dispersal rules and several spatial distributions of breeding sites, it is shown that distance-dependent recruitment rate (DDRR) estimates are independent of the spatial distribution of breeding sites and are sensitive to differences in dispersal rules. These simulations were carried out with sample sizes of 200 individuals, which is a number exceeded in many studies. Variation in clumping of breeding sites (colony sizes) also has little effect on the resulting DDRR estimates. The effects of individuals entering and leaving the study area was simulated by assuming that only half the area was observed. Comparing the ‘‘observed’’ movements with the total distribution of distances dispersed shows that the shape of the DDRR is not affected, although the absolute values are, of course, lower. Thus, DDRR estimates will allow us to start studying dispersal behavior independent of the peculiarities of the study area and independent of the distribution of observer effort.
Published: 2011

24. Genetics of life history in Daphnia magna. II. Phenotypic plasticity

Author: Lev Y. Yampolsky, Arie J. van Noordwijk, and Dieter Ebert
Subjects: Avian clutch size, Phenotypic plasticity, Offspring, fungi, Daphnia magna, Zoology, Quantitative genetics, Biology, Heritability, biology.organism_classification, Genetics, Instar, Gene–environment interaction, Genetics (clinical)
Abstract: The phenotypic plasticities of life-history traits in 46 clones of the planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna were measured across two feeding conditions. Plasticity estimates for clutch sizes and offspring lengths of the first six clutches and for lengths of eight successive adult instars allowed us to compare plasticity between and within these three trait groups. Data were standardized (mean = 0, variance = 1) in each environment before analysis. The broad-sense heritability of plasticity of adult length increased from about 0 in the adolescent instar to 60 per cent in the 7th adult instar, while narrow-sense heritability was low for all instars. For clutch sizes, narrow- and broad-sense heritabilities were around 25 per cent. For offspring length, they were mostly close to zero. A comparison of three methods of quantifying plasticity showed that the heritabilities of trait differences across environments and the heritabilities based on genotype by environment interaction components were consistent with each other, but the later is always smaller. Cross-environment genetic correlations gave qualitatively different results.
Published: 1993
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25. Similar patterns of age-specific reproduction in an island and mainland population of great tits Parus major

Author: Sandra Bouwhuis, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Simon Verhulst, Ben C. Sheldon, Marcel E. Visser, Verhulst lab, Beersma lab, and Animal Ecology (AnE)
Subjects: FITNESS, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, NATURAL-POPULATION, INDIVIDUAL VARIATION, Life history theory, Gene flow, GENE FLOW, QUALITY, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, Parus, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, biology.organism_classification, EVOLUTION, WILD BIRD POPULATION, Natural population growth, Ageing, NATAL DISPERSAL, SENESCENCE, Animal Science and Zoology, Mainland, LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS, Reproduction, Demography
Abstract: The process of ageing was long thought to be too infrequent to affect life-histories in natural populations. Long-term studies have, however, recently demonstrated ageing to be ubiquitous even in the wild, although confounding factors, such as emigration instead of mortality, or inter-population variation in rates of ageing have seldom been addressed. Here, we present analyses of female age-specific reproductive performance in a Dutch island population of great tits Parus major. For this population with limited connectivity to surrounding areas, we show that, between individuals, reproductive lifespan positively co-varies with recruit production, while within individuals performance improves up to 3 years of age, after which it gradually declines. We also show these patterns to be strikingly similar to those recently found in a less isolated British mainland population of great tits, characterised by different environmental conditions and life-history strategies, in particular the frequency of multiple breeding. Our results therefore suggest patterns of age-specific reproductive performance to be robust to both environmental and life-history variation. © 2010 The Authors.
Published: 2010

26. The design of artificial nestboxes for the study of secondary hole-nesting birds: A review of methodological inconsistencies and potential biases

Author: Jean Charles Bouvier, Martyn J. Stenning, Caren B. Cooper, Chan Ryul Park, Christopher M. Perrins, Tapio Eeva, Marcel M. Lambrechts, Beat Naef-Daenzer, Emilio Barba, Bengt Silverin, Henrik G. Smith, Arie J. van Noordwijk, L. Scott Johnson, Jordi Camprodon, Anders Pape Møller, Charles F. Thompson, Paulo E. Llambías, Anne E. Goodenough, Oskars Keišs, Bruno Faivre, Jaime Potti, Jan Ke Nilsson, Francisco Atiénzar, Nadia Ziane, Jerzy Bańbura, Alberto Sorace, Tore Slagsvold, Daniel R. Ardia, Arnaud Grégoire, Simon C. Griffith, Lars Gustafsson, Frank Adriaensen, János Török, Marcel Eens, Markku Orell, Alexandr Artemyev, Heinz Richner, Jan Pinowski, Andrew G. Gosler, Ian R. K. Stewart, Vladimír Remeš, Juan Moreno, Jiri Porkert, Seppo Rytkönen, Tomasz D. Mazgajski, David W. Winkler, Bruno Massa, Russell D. Dawson, Ken A. Otter, Ming Tang Shiao, László Zsolt Garamszegi, Piotr Tryjanowski, Wojciech Kania, Mark C. Mainwaring, Raivo Mänd, Ana Cláudia Norte, Animal Ecology (AnE), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp (UA), Department of Biology, Franklin & Marshall College, Institute of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Terrestrial Vertebrates Research Unit 'Cavanilles', University of Valencia-Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Experimental Zoology & Evolutionary Biology, Łódź University of Technology, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biodiversity Department, Forest Technology Center of Catalonia, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC), Department of Biology (Ethology), Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estacion Biologica de Donana, Department of Natural and Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology-Institute of Human Sciences, Department of Brain, Behaviour and Evolution, Macquarie University, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Towson University [Towson, MD, United States], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Ornithological Station, Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN)-Museum and Institute of Zoology, Laboratory of Ornithology, University of Latvia (LU), Ecologia del Comportamiento Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, University of Tartu, Stazione Inanellamento c/o Dipartimento SEN-FIMIZO, Università di Palermo, Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Advanced Study, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Swiss Ornithological Institute, Animal Ecology, Lund University [Lund], Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), University of Oulu, Warm-temperate Forest Research Center, Korea Forest Research Institute, Center of Ecological Research, Palacky University, Institute of Ecology & Evolution (IEE), University of Bern, Wildlife laboratory, National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), University of Gothenburg (GU), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, University of Kentucky, Behavior, Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics Section, Illinois State University, Behavioural Ecology Group, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Laboratory of Ornithology and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie animale, Département de Biologie, Lambrechts, M M, Adriaensen, F, Ardia, D R, Artemyev, A V, Atiénzar, F, Bańbura, J, Barba, E, Bouvier, J-C, Camprodon, J, Cooper, C B, Dawson, R D, Eens, M, Eeva, T, Faivre, B, Garamszegi, L Z, Goodenough, A E, Gosler, A G, Grégoire, A, Griffith, S C, Gustafsson, L, Johnson, L S, Kania, W, Keišs, O, Llambias, P E, Mainwaring, M C, Mänd, R, Massa, B, Mazgajski, T D, Møller, A P, Moreno, J, Naef-Daenzer, B, Nilsson, J-C, Norte, A C, Orell, M, Otter, K A, Park, Ch R, Perrins, Ch M, Pinowski, J, Porkert, J, Potti, J, Remes, V, Richner, H, Rytkönen, S, Shiao, M-T, Silverin, B, Slagsvold, T, Smith, H G, Sorace, A, Stenning, M J, Stewart, I, Thompson, Ch F, Török, J, Tryjanowski, P, van Noordwijk, A J, Winkler, D W, Ziane, N, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Cornell University [New York], University of Northern British Columbia [Prince George] (UNBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN)-Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Palacky University Olomouc, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), University of Antwerp ( UA ), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] ( RAS ), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles ( PSH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), University of Northern British Columbia ( UNBC ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ) -Museum and Institute of Zoology, University of Latvia ( LU ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas ( CONICET ), Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution ( ESE ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, University of Coimbra [Portugal] ( UC ), Institute of Ecology & Evolution ( IEE ), National Taiwan University [Taiwan] ( NTU ), University of Gothenburg ( GU ), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo ( UiO ), Eötvös Loránd University ( ELTE ), and Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates
Subjects: PASSERINES, 0106 biological sciences, Nest-box, design, measures, PARUS, SECONDARY CAVITY-NESTING BIRDS, Otras Ciencias Biológicas, NEST SITES, FLYCATCHER, Ficedula, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 010605 ornithology, methods, field experiments, Ciencias Biológicas, nestboxes, tit, Cyanistes, Research based, Statistics, NESTBOXES, FIELD EXPERIMENTS, Nest box, Biological sciences, Biology, secondary cavity-nesting birds, FICEDULA, Parus, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, biology, Ecology, nest sites, passerines, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, TIT, Settore AGR/11 - Entomologia Generale E Applicata, CYANISTES, flycatcher, METHODS, Nesting (computing), Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract: The widespread use of artificial nestboxes has led to significant advances in our knowledge of the ecology, behaviour and physiology of cavity nesting birds, especially small passerines. Nestboxes have made it easier to perform routine monitoring and experimental manipulation of eggs or nestlings, and also repeatedly to capture, identify and manipulate the parents. However, when comparing results across study sites the use of nestboxes may also introduce a potentially significant confounding variable in the form of differences in nestbox design amongst studies, such as their physical dimensions, placement height, and the way in which they are constructed and maintained. However, the use of nestboxes may also introduce an unconsidered and potentially significant confounding variable due to differences in nestbox design amongst studies, such as their physical dimensions, placement height, and the way in which they are constructed and maintained. Here we review to what extent the characteristics of artificial nestboxes (e.g. size, shape, construction material, colour) are documented in the 'methods' sections of publications involving hole-nesting passerine birds using natural or excavated cavities or artificial nestboxes for reproduction and roosting. Despite explicit previous recommendations that authors describe in detail the characteristics of the nestboxes used, we found that the description of nestbox characteristics in most recent publications remains poor and insufficient. We therefore list the types of descriptive data that should be included in the methods sections of relevant manuscripts and justify this by discussing how variation in nestbox characteristics can affect or confound conclusions from nestbox studies. We also propose several recommendations to improve the reliability and usefulness of research based on long-term studies of any secondary hole-nesting species using artificial nestboxes for breeding or roosting.
Published: 2010
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27. Energetic limitation in the egg-laying period of great tits

Author: Arie J. van Noordwijk and Ruedi G. Nager
Subjects: Parus, education.field_of_study, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Ecology, Population, Energetic cost, Economic shortage, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Egg laying, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Animal science, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, education, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Individual birds of many species laying earlier than the population average produce more offspring which survive to enter the subsequent breeding population. A shortage of resources early in the season is commonly supposed to force some females to delay their egg production beyond the time which would be best for offspring production. We sought to test this hypothesis by experimentally manipulating the energy expenses of female great tits, Parus major, during the pre-laying and egg-laying period. By heating and cooling their roosting cavities (nestboxes) we decreased and increased, respectively, their energetic requirements for maintenance. The `energy limitation hypothesis9 predicts that our temperature manipulation would result in an earlier start of egg laying in heated boxes and a delay in cooled boxes. The temperature reduction in cooled nestboxes compared with heated nestboxes of about 1.5 degrees C throughout the day seemed to affect the birds as they changed their nestbuilding behaviour and invested less in egg production (reflected in a reduction of egg volume of about 14%). However, we could find no evidence for a later laying date of females breeding in cooled nestboxes as compared with females in heated nestboxes.
Published: 1992
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28. Survival rates of Black-tailed Godwits Limosa limosa, breeding in The Netherlands estimated from ring recoveries

Author: David L. Thomson, Arie J. van Noordwijk, and Animal Population Biology
Subjects: Population decline, biology, Ecology, Sample size determination, Juvenile, Animal Science and Zoology, Life history, Limosa limosa, biology.organism_classification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Survival analysis, Demography
Abstract: The Netherlands holds internationally important numbers of Black-tailed Godwits Limosa limosa, and reports of a substantial population decline have prompted concern. One way of narrowing the list of possible causes of this decline is to identify the demographic processes responsible. For this reason, we conducted a survival analysis for the period 1960 to 2000 based on dead recoveries of godwits. Although declining sample sizes and falling reporting rates reduced the precision of estimates in later years, we concluded that adult survival had dropped significantly in the late 1990s from 0.77 to 0.40. Data were too sparse to estimate juvenile survival in this period. Apart from this sharp drop, we found no evidence of long-term trends in either first-year or adult survival. We found no evidence for effects on survival estimates of shifts in the spatial distribution of recoveries or in the reported causes of death. These large-scale analyses of birds recovered dead complement more intensive mark-resighting studies at individual sites. Given the falling reporting rates of dead birds and consequent loss of precision of survival estimates, intensive mark-resighting programmes have an increasingly important role to play in the study of survival rates.
Published: 2008

29. Genetic variation for clutch size in natural populations of birds from a reaction norm perspective

Author: Erik Postma, Arie J. van Noordwijk, and Animal Population Biology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Avian clutch size, 0303 health sciences, Phenotypic plasticity, Ecology, Gene-environment correlation, Quantitative genetics, Heritability, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic variation, Genetic variability, Gene–environment interaction, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Genetic variation for ecologically important traits determines the potential for evolutionary changes and should be measured directly. Such measurements of genetic variation based on quantitative genetic theory rely on assumptions of environmental constancy. These assumptions are not likely to hold in nature. Instead, natural environments are structured, and systematic variation in environmental conditions is an important determinant of phenotypic variation. Here we provide an introduction to quantitative genetics using a reaction norms approach, because we believe that this provides us with a good framework for combining ecology and genetics. We subsequently review the literature on genetic variation for clutch size of birds, and we show that, in spite of the inherent limitations of the methods employed, there is strong evidence that clutch size has a heritable component in natural populations of several species. However, the number of studies on the amount of genetic variation for clutch size in different species and across a range of environmental conditions is still far too small to study patterns in the relationship between heritable variation and properties of species and/or their environments. Furthermore, the role of both correlations and interactions with the environment in these estimates requires much more attention. Above all else, however, we need more information on the structure and magnitude of the environmental variation present in these studies. Future work should focus on how to obtain such data, and how to subsequently incorporate them into the proposed reaction norm framework. This requires the search for, and measurement of, relevant ecological variables. Also a more detailed investigation of the within-individual variation and the use of animal model methodology may prove to be valuable. Such additional data are essential for interpreting the amounts of genetic variation present for clutch size as a model system in the general problem of better understanding the maintenance of genetic variation in heterogeneous environments and the estimation of evolutionary potential.
Published: 2005

30. Realized heritability of personalities in the great tit (Parus major)

Author: P. J. Drent, Kees van Oers, Arie J. van Noordwijk, and Animal Population Biology
Subjects: Male, Heredity, media_common.quotation_subject, Captivity, Zoology, Animals, Wild, Biology, Breeding, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Songbirds, Genetic variation, Personality, Animals, Selection, Genetic, Selection (genetic algorithm), General Environmental Science, media_common, Parus, Natural selection, General Immunology and Microbiology, Behavior, Animal, Ecology, Boldness, Genetic Variation, General Medicine, Heritability, biology.organism_classification, Aggression, Animals, Domestic, Exploratory Behavior, Female, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Research Article
Abstract: Behaviour under conditions of mild stress shows consistent patterns in all vertebrates: exploratory behaviour, boldness, aggressiveness covary in the same way. The existence of highly consistent individual variation in these behavioural strategies, also referred to as personalities or coping styles, allows us to measure the behaviour under standardized conditions on birds bred in captivity, link the standardized measurements to the behaviour under natural conditions and measure natural selection in the field. We have bred the great tit (Parus major), a classical model species for the study of behaviour under natural conditions, in captivity. Here, we report a realized heritability of 54 +/- 5% for early exploratory behaviour, based on four generations of bi-directional artificial selection. In addition to this, we measured hand-reared juveniles and their wild-caught parents in the laboratory. The heritability found in the mid-offspring-mid-parent regression was significantly different from zero. We have thus established the presence of considerable amounts of genetic variation for personality types in a wild bird.
Published: 2003

31. Natal dispersal and personalities in great tits (Parus major)

Author: Niels Jeroen Dingemanse, Christiaan Both, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Piet J. Drent, Anne L. Rutten, Both group, Centre for Terrestrial Ecology (NIOO / CTE), and Animal Population Biology
Subjects: Male, Aging, Time Factors, consequences, Population Dynamics, heritability, Songbirds, Parus major, passer-domesticus, Wageningen Environmental Research, boldness, General Environmental Science, media_common, Ecology, HERITABILITY, maternal testosterone, General Medicine, field, animals, Genetic structure, Trait, Female, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, BEHAVIOR, immigration, Research Article, Genotype, Offspring, media_common.quotation_subject, MATERNAL TESTOSTERONE, Biology, Environment, exploration, INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Landscape Centre, PASSER-DOMESTICUS, Animals, FIELD, Parus, individual-differences, CONSEQUENCES, General Immunology and Microbiology, BIRDS, Boldness, behavior, Alterra - Centrum Landschap, Heritability, biology.organism_classification, natal dispersal, personality, birds, Exploratory Behavior, Biological dispersal, Philopatry
Abstract: Dispersal is a major determinant of the dynamics and genetic structure of populations, and its consequences depend not only on average dispersal rates and distances, but also on the characteristics of dispersing and philopatric individuals. We investigated whether natal dispersal correlated with a predisposed behavioural trait: exploratory behaviour in novel environments. Wild great tits were caught in their natural habitat, tested the following morning in the laboratory using an open field test and released at the capture site. Natal dispersal correlated positively with parental and individual exploratory behaviour, using three independent datasets. First, fast-exploring parents had offspring that dispersed furthest. Second, immigrants were faster explorers than locally born birds. Third, post-fledging movements, comprising a major proportion of the variation in natal dispersal distances, were greater for fast females than for slow females. These findings suggest that parental behaviour influenced offspring natal dispersal either via parental behaviour per se (e.g. via post-fledging care) or by affecting the phenotype of their offspring (e.g. via their genes). Because this personality trait has a genetic basis, our results imply that genotypes differ in their dispersal distances. Therefore, the described patterns have profound consequences for the genetic composition of populations.
Published: 2003

32. Symposium: Genetics of phenotypic plasticity

Author: Lars Gustafsson and Arie J. van Noordwijk
Subjects: Phenotypic plasticity, Evolutionary biology, Ecology (disciplines), Animal Science and Zoology, Biology
Published: 1994
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33. Evidence for the effect of learning on timing of reproduction in blue tits

Author: Marcel E. Visser, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Fabrizio Grieco, and Animal Population Biology
Subjects: Male, Parus caeruleus, Time Factors, media_common.quotation_subject, Oviposition, Zoology, Biology, Environment, Songbirds, NIOO/PG/NPCC, Food supply, Animals, Learning, media_common, Multidisciplinary, Behavior, Animal, Ecology, Food availability, Reproduction, Adaptation, Physiological, Brood, Breed, Habitat, Natural food, Food, Female, Cues
Abstract: We experimentally show that in blue tits ( Parus caeruleus ) egg-laying date is causally linked to experience in the previous year. Females that received additional food in the nestling period in one year laid eggs later in the next year compared with the control birds, whatever the degree of synchronization with the natural food abundance in the previous year. As a result, they raised their brood much later than the peak period of nestling food availability in the next year. The response to experience is adaptive for blue tits, which live in heterogeneous habitats where the peak period of food varies, but once settled will breed at the same location for life.
Published: 2002

34. Maynard Smith, J. 1989. Evolutionary genetics. Oxford University Press, Oxford, xii + 325 pp. pbk. f16.95

Author: Arie J. van Noordwijk
Subjects: Human evolutionary genetics, Anthropology, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Published: 1990
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35. On bias due to observer distribution in the analysis of data on natal dispersal in birds

Author: Arie J. Van Noordwijk and Animal Population Biology
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, education.field_of_study, Observer (quantum physics), Ecology, business.industry, Population, Distribution (economics), Biology, Genetic structure, Data analysis, Spatial ecology, Econometrics, Biological dispersal, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Scale (map), education, business
Abstract: Natal dispersal, the displacement from site of birth to site of reproduction, is an important process. It determines the spatial scale of population dynamics as well as the genetic structure of populations. Although some inferences can be made about dispersal from the measurement of genetic parameters, direct data on individuals marked at their site of birth and recorded at their site of breeding are scarce. In principle, such data could be collected on a large scale through bird ringers concentrating on the recapture of breeding birds. However, the analysis of such data has pitfalls. The raw frequency distribution of observed distances is strongly affected by the spatio-temporal distribution of observers. A strategy for reducing these effects of observer distribution on the observed dispersal pattern is proposed and tested by way of a simulation model. Whereas the results presented are preliminary, there are prospects to obtain a description of dispersal which is relatively independent of the limitations on its observation. [KEYWORDS: Great tit; survival]
Published: 1995

36. Quantifying bird diversity

Author: Arie J. van Noordwijk
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Geography, Ecology, media_common.quotation_subject, Diversity (politics), media_common
Published: 2002
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37. Beleid betreffende aanvragen van ringvergunningen

Author: Gerrit Speek, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Gerrit Speek, and Arie J. van Noordwijk
Abstract: Voor zover ons geheugen strekt, en via de heer Speek sr. gaat dat tot diep in de zestiger jaren van de vorige eeuw, is de vraag naar ringvergunningen altijd groter geweest dan het Vogeltrekstation kon honoreren. Al tientallen jaren lang is de verwerkingscapaciteit op de RingCentrale de voornaamste beperkende factor voor het toelaten van nieuwe ringers. Halverwege de negentiger jaren ontstond er, voornamelijk door de steeds voortschrijdende automatisering, enige ruimte en werden in de loop van de tijd een aantal nieuwe ringers aangenomen. De grenzen van wat we op het ogenblik kunnen verwerken zijn daarmee vrijwel weer bereikt. Bij die verwerkingscapaciteit spelen twee bottlenecks een rol: (a) de menskracht om terugmeldingen administratief te kunnen verwerken en (b) de tijd die we per ringer besteden. Die menskracht voor de terugmeldingen was vroeger een veel groter probleem dan nu vanwege het ringprijsstelsel dat we sinds enige jaren hanteren. Het belangrijkste knelpunt is nu de tijd die de Ringcentrale per ringer besteedt aan aspecten als opleidingstraject, nieuwe projecten, bijscholingen, Op Het Vinkentouw, uittreksels uit de databank, CES- RAS- en Boerenzwaluwproject, het computer programma ‘poot’, bestellingen, de post, ftp-server etc, en dat alles overgoten door vragen, vragen en nog eens vragen per telefoon-faxpost-email-mondeling. En die Ringcentrale wordt bemand door 1.6 menskracht die een cao hebben waar naast hun vakantiedagen nu al 20 adv dagen in staan. Waar mogelijk proberen we een deel van de bovengenoemde problemen binnen gevestigde ringgroepen op te lossen. We klagen niet, we signaleren alleen, we worden ervoor betaald en meestal is het heel leuk werk, maar het mag duidelijk zijn dat er een maximum is aan het aantal ringers. Sinds het voorjaar 2000 klopt het Ministerie van Landbouw, Natuurbeheer en Visserij bij ons nogal stevig op de deur wat betreft het ringvergunningenstelsel. Men heeft ons erop gewezen dat wij ons aan de letter van de Vogelwet moet
Published: 2001

38. Uw ringvergunning, wat mag wel en wat mag niet

Author: Gerrit Speek, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Gerrit Speek, and Arie J. van Noordwijk
Abstract: Tijden veranderen, nieuwe methodes worden ontdekt en in gebruik genomen en daarom is het goed nog eens expliciet te formuleren waartoe uw ringvergunning wel en geen toestemming geeft. Als u uw ringvergunning nauwkeurig bekijkt dan ziet u o.a. dat u wordt “gemachtigd tot het verrichten van de volgende handelingen: het (pogen) te vangen van beschermde vogels ten einde deze te voorzien van een door het Vogeltrekstation uitgegeven ring of enig ander, met name in deze vergunning genoemd, door haar toegelaten merkteken”. “Daarbij gebruik te maken van de in de vergunning genoemde vangmiddelen”.
Published: 2001

39. Stoffige zolder-doos, oud archief: verborgen gegevens

Author: Gerrit Speek, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Gerrit Speek, and Arie J. van Noordwijk
Abstract: Sinds we de maandelijkse ring- en terugmeldgegevens invoeren met het computerprogramma “poot”, maken veel ringers daarvan ook gebruik om hun oude gegevens in te voeren (alles is welkom: ringgegevens van kleine en grote ringmaten, terugvangstgegevens, eigen vangsten). Op deze wijze hebben een aantal mensen al hun vangsten ingevoerd en daar zijn ringers bij die qua aantal gegevens niet tot de kleintjes behoren. Toch moeten er volgens ons nog tientallen, misschien wel honderden veldboekjes aanwezig zijn bij (oud)ringers. Gegevens uit deze oude veldboekjes zijn vaak uitermate waardevol, maar er kleven wel enkele grote bezwaren aan: De gegevens zijn slechts in enkelvoud beschikbaar. De gegevens zijn niet toegankelijk. De gegevens belanden al snel in een papiercontainer bij een opruiming, een verhuizing of bij overlijden.
Published: 2000

40. Claims op ring- en terugmeldgegevens

Author: Gerrit Speek, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Gerrit Speek, and Arie J. van Noordwijk
Abstract: Tot 1997 hanteerde de Ringcentrale een andere prijsstructuur voor de ringen dan heden ten dage. Daarnaast waren er ook nog twee soorten prijzen: één voor de amateur en een duidelijk hogere prijs voor de beroeps, die daarbij een claim kon leggen op de ring- en terugmeldgegevens die hij verzamelde. Ook niet-professionele ringers konden gebruik maken van dat recht. De claimhouder vindt het, terecht volgens de Ringcentrale, niet acceptabel dat een ander met zijn gegevens aan de haal gaat voordat hij zelf die gegevens heeft uitgewerkt en gepubliceerd. Met ingang van 1 januari 1997 hanteren we een andere prijsstructuur voor de ringen, waarbij ook de twee verschillende prijzen zijn afgeschaft. Het claimrecht blijft behouden uiteraard.
Published: 2000

41. Nesting growth in the great tit. I: Heritability estimates under different and environmental conditions

Author: Sabine G. Gebhardt-Henrich, Arie J. van Noordwijk, and Institute of Ecological Research (IOO)
Subjects: Natural selection, Ecology, Genetic variation, Statistics, Trait, Genetic variability, Stabilizing selection, Biology, Heritability, Gene–environment interaction, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Selection (genetic algorithm)
Abstract: Evolutionary change requires natural selection in the presence of heritable variation for the trait(s) under selection. Since heritabilities and selection pressures are known to vary with environmental conditions, it is crucial to know how much genetic variation is expressed under which conditions. This study addresses the question of how the expression of genetic variation for fledgling body size of Great Tits varies with the environment. Different environmental conditions were created experimentally by manipulating brood sizes. The treatment affected body size, measured as either fledging weight or tarsus length, and interacted with natural temporal variation in food availability. Both measurements show stabilizing selection. A cross-fostering design was carried out to separate genetic and environmental causes of variation. Heritabilities as measured from offspring-midparent regressions and from full-sib analyses were substantial for both traits, except that no heritability was found for weight under poor conditions. Instead, fledging weights were significantly correlated with the weights of their unrelated guardians’ ( = fosterparents’) weight under poor conditions. We propose that under poor conditions, when selection on fledging weights is expected to be directional and strong, only little genetic variance is expressed. Any evolutionary response to this selection on fledging weight might therefore be slow, if the increase in selection pressure is not greater than the decrease in heritability.
Published: 1991

42. The Effects of Forest Damage on Caterpillars and their Effect on the Breeding Biology of the Great Tit, an Overview

Author: Arie J. van Noordwijk
Subjects: Avian clutch size, Phenotypic plasticity, Natural selection, Variation (linguistics), Ecology, Biology, Field conditions
Abstract: One of the main questions in micro-evolution is how genes interact with the environment in forming a phenotype, and to what extent the environmentally induced phenotypic variations are adaptive. One can think of the genes as coding for a program that processes information from the environment. This program is subjected to natural selection. Especially under field conditions it is often difficult to determine to what extent phenotypic variation is caused by different genotypes and to what extent by different environmental input. The main practical difficulty here is the manpower needed to measure the environmental conditions in sufficient detail for a large enough sample.
Published: 1990
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43. Concluding Remarks: Understanding Populations

Author: Arie J. van Noordwijk
Subjects: Decision rule, Sociology, Epistemology
Abstract: Zoologisches Institut, Rheinsprung 9, CH4051 Basel, Switzerland In an attempt to weave some threads through the fabrics of observation and experimentation collected in these proceedings, it is useful to start with the basic question of what we hope to achieve eventually with our studies. Why would or why should society be interested in paying some biologists to watch birds?
Published: 1990
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44. Een Ringcentrale verbonden met 200 thuis-computers

Author: Arie J. van Noordwijk, Gerrit Speek, Arie J. van Noordwijk, and Gerrit Speek
Abstract: Al vele tientallen jaren lang worden er vogels geringd. Met deze gegevens zijn vele problemen onderzocht en belangrijke vragen beantwoord. Zeer waarschijnlijk zijn er met behulp van dit ’klassieke' onderzoek aan de vogeltrek nog veel mogelijkheden, maar naar onze mening wordt de meerwaarde van deze op grote schaal, meestal gedurende de trektijd, verzamelde gegevens langzamerhand wat minder. Veel van wat op deze wijze kan worden geleerd is nu bekend en veel van wat we nog graag zouden willen weten kan met deze gegevens niet worden beantwoord. Bovendien is in het recente verleden ook aangetoond dat getalsmatige interpretatie moeilijk is vanwege de vele factoren die de terugmeldingskans beïnvloeden. De vraag of de Ringcentrale binnen het wetenschappelijk instituut NIOO moet blijven bestaan, moet ons inziens met ja worden beantwoord als er belangrijke biologische vragen kunnen worden geformuleerd, waarvoor de Ringcentrale een zeer geschikt instrument is om die gegevens te leveren. Wij vinden, en velen met ons, dat er twee zulke gebieden zijn: variatie in overleving en verspreidingspatronen. Al een tijd lang speelt Euring, o.a. door het organiseren van conferenties en workshops, een actieve rol in het verder ontwikkelen van de methoden in bovengenoemde gebieden. Waar echter de te gebruiken onderzoekstechnieken snel moderniseren, blijft de organisatiestructuur op ringcentrales achter om de data voor deze onderzoeken te kunnen aanleveren. Voor beide vragen is nodig dat alle ringgegevens en alle plaatselijke hervangsten in de computer zijn opgeslagen. Daarvoor ontbrak op de Ringcentrale de verwerkingscapaciteit. Na veel overleg is besloten de ringers zelf hun data te laten invoeren. Dit vergde zeker in het begin, deels ook nu nog, een grote investering qua tijd, maar dit systeem heeft vele voordelen. In dit artikel beschrijven we de veranderingen en hun consequenties en geven we een overzicht over de gegevens die nu worden verzameld als gevolg van die veranderingen. Met nad
Published: 1999

45. Rectificatie CES-Handleiding

Author: Arie J. van Noordwijk and Arie J. van Noordwijk
Abstract: De correcte auteur-vermelding in de CES-Handleiding die begin april 1996 verzonden werd is: Tom van Spanje & Frank Majoor. Ten onrechte is de auteursvolgorde op de binnenpagina van deze handleiding (eerste druk, maart 1996) omgedraaid. We bieden hiervoor onze excuses aan Tom van Spanje aan. Namens de Ringcentrale
Published: 1996

46. The earlier bird

Author: Arie J. van Noordwijk
Subjects: geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Oceanography, Spring (hydrology), Climate change, North sea
Abstract: An analysis of when birds land on the island of Helgoland in the North Sea shows that spring migration is happening earlier now than 40 years ago. This change in timing correlates with changes in climate.
Published: 2003
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47. Excuses for avian infidelity

Author: Arie J. van Noordwijk
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Ecology (disciplines), Biology, Inbreeding
Abstract: In some bird species, both males and females seek to mate with other birds who are not their partners. It seems that this behaviour is motivated by a desire to reduce the harmful effects of inbreeding.
Published: 2002
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48. Accounting for age preferences in sexual selection

Author: Arie J. van Noordwijk and Jacqui A. Shykoff
Subjects: Behavioral Neuroscience, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Physiology, Sexual selection, Psychology, Demography
Published: 1992
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49. Realized heritability and repeatability of risk-taking behaviour in relation to avian personalities.

Author: Kees van Oers, Piet J. Drent, Piet de Goede, and Arie J. van Noordwijk
Subjects: PERSONALITY, ANIMALS, GENETICS, STATISTICAL correlation
Abstract: Personalities are general properties of humans and other animals. Different personality traits are phenotypically correlated, and heritabilities of personality traits have been reported in humans and various animals. In great tits, consistent heritable differences have been found in relation to exploration, which is correlated with various other personality traits. In this paper, we investigate whether or not risk-taking behaviour is part of these avian personalities. We found that (i) risk-taking behaviour is repeatable and correlated with exploratory behaviour in wild-caught hand-reared birds, (ii) in a bi-directional selection experiment on 'fast' and 'slow' early exploratory behaviour, bird lines tend to differ in risk-taking behaviour, and (iii) within-nest variation of risk-taking behaviour is smaller than between-nest variation. To show that risk-taking behaviour has a genetic component in a natural bird population, we bred great tits in the laboratory and artificially selected 'high' and 'low' risk-taking behaviour for two generations. Here, we report a realized heritability of 19.3 ± 3.3% (s.e.m.) for risk-taking behaviour. With these results we show in several ways that risk-taking behaviour is linked to exploratory behaviour, and we therefore have evidence for the existence of avian personalities. Moreover, we prove that there is heritable variation in more than one correlated personality trait in a natural population, which demonstrates the potential for correlated evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2004
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50. An accurate method for estimating an approximate lethal dose with few animals, tested with a Monte Carlo procedure

Author: Arie J. van Noordwijk and Jacobus van Noordwijk
Subjects: Protocol (science), education.field_of_study, Accuracy and precision, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Monte Carlo method, Population, Lethal dose, Random element, General Medicine, Toxicology, Median lethal dose, Standard deviation, Lethal Dose 50, Statistics, Animals, education, Monte Carlo Method, Mathematics
Abstract: A reliable but not necessarily precise indication of the toxicity of a chemical product is frequently needed for the determination of its class of toxicity. Estimations of the LD50 carried out for this purpose often have a precision which is higher than necessary and so is the number of laboratory animals used. Alternative methods estimating an approximate lethal dose (ALD) have been proposed, but too little is known about their accuracy and precision. The method of Deichmann and LeBlanc (1943) for estimating an ALD has a systematic error, dependent upon the magnitude of the unknown variance of the log tolerance. A new method was developed in which this systematic error was removed. Its performance was tested in a model with Monte Carlo techniques. The model is based on the log-normal distribution of individual tolerance, i.e. the lowest dose that is lethal for an individual of the species under study. A hypothetical substance was created with a mean tolerance between 1 and 5,000 mg per kg and a standard deviation of log tolerance between 0.1 and 1.5 (in natural logarithms). This substance was then subjected to a sequential test, by repeatedly drawing a random element from the population of normally distributed log tolerance values and testing whether this element is smaller or greater than the dose administered according to the method's protocol. The method of Lorke (1983) was tested with a similar simulation model. In series of 100 simulations no systematic error was found. For a standard deviation of log tolerance exceeding 0.85 the new method was less precise than that of Lorke, but for smaller values the new method was more precise; it required on average less than ten animals, against 13 required in Lorke's method.
Published: 1988
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