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Objectives: Investigation of the surgical correction effect on tear film functions and tear oxidative stress levels in patients with blepharoptosis and pseudoptosis. Methods: Sixty patients with blepharoptosis or pseudoptosis due to dermatochalasis and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. Forty eyes underwent upper blepharoplasty and 20 eyes underwent levator surgery. The tear oxidative stress levels (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine [8-OHdG] and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal [4-HNE]) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and tear film functions were evaluated pre-operatively and at the post-operative 1st and 6th months. Results: 8-OHdG and 4-HNE levels in tears were found higher in patients with dermatochalasis (86.3±38.2 ng/mL; 29.8±11.4 ng/mL, respectively) and blepharoptosis (95.3±43.8 ng/mL; 40.8±3.8 ng/mL, respectively) compared to healthy controls (52.9±14.0 ng/mL; 27.8±6.6 ng/mL, respectively). Both levels decreased 1 month after blepharoplasty surgery. The 8-OHdG level in tears of patients who underwent levator surgery increased 1 month after the surgery (p=0.008). No change was detected in tear function tests findings between visits in any patient group. Conclusion: Dermatochalasis and blepharoptosis may lead to an increase in the tear oxidative stress levels. Contrary to a decrease in these levels after blepharoplasty, they may increase in the early period after levator surgery followed by a return to normal levels at the 6th-month visit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes of primary nasolacrimal duct probing and primary bicanalicular intubations with endoscopic assistance for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) in children aged 4 to 7 years. Methods: Forty-three eyes of 43 children (25 boys and 18 girls) with congenital epiphora who underwent primary unilateral probing and bicanalicular intubation were evaluated retrospectively. The tubes were removed 3 to 4 months after their placement, and the children were followed up for another 6 months after their removal. Treatment success was defined as the normal result of the fluorescein dye disappearance test and complete resolution of the lacrimal symptoms and signs of patients. The success rates were compared between the two groups (bicanalicular intubation vs probing). Type of CNLDO (membranous, incomplete complex, and complete complex) was determined with an endonasal endoscope. Results: The mean age was 63.3 ± 11.1 months (range: 48 to 84 months) for the probing group and 64.4 ± 12.1 months (range: 48 to 84 months) for the bicanalicular intubation group (P =.915). The bicanalicular intubation group showed significantly greater treatment success (21 of 24, 87.5%) compared to the probing group (11 of 19, 57.9%; P =.038). Bicanalicular intubation provided higher treatment success among patients with complex CNLDO compared to probing (80.0% vs 11.1%, P =.002). There was no difference in mean age between the patients with successful and failed treatment in both groups (P =.631 and.137, respectively). Conclusions: Bicanalicular intubation was associated with a higher success rate than probing under nasal endoscopic visualization for the treatment of CNLDO in children aged 4 to 7 years. The type of CNLDO might be the primary factor for the treatment success. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2023;60(2):101–107.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare corneal in-vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) findings in patients with seborrheic blepharitis with healthy controls and to evaluate the correlation with the Demodex load.Methods: Sixty-two Demodex positive seborrheic blepharitis patients and 24 controls were included. Four eyelashes from each eye were examined. The median value of Demodex count (5 mites/eye) was assigned as the cutoff value to create low and high Demodex infestation subgroups. Corneal nerve parameters (fiber length;CNFL, fiber density;CNFD, branch length;CNBL, branch density;CNBD) and dendritic cell density (DCD) were analyzed by IVCM for all participants.Results: The mean DCD of eyes in low (37.62 ± 25.18 cells/mm2) and high (76.00 ± 44.00 cells/mm2) Demodex load groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (14.25 ± 2.68 cells/mm2) (p < .001). CNFL, CNFD, CNBL and CNBD were significantly lower in low and high Demodex groups compared to controls (p < .001).Conclusions: Demodex positive seborrheic blepharitis patients showed significantly reduced density of corneal nerves and elevated DCD levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comparison of the diagnostic efficiency of a reference method (light microscopy [LM] using 10% potassium hydroxide [KOH]) with the use of 100% alcohol to in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) for the detection of Demodex eyelid infestation in seborrheic blepharitis patients. Eyelashes were epilated from the right eyes for the reference method and the left eyes for the alcohol group in 58 eyes of 29 patients. IVCM was used on the left eyes. The primary outcomes were the number of Demodex mites per lash and the rate of Demodex positivity (≥1 mite). The rate of Demodex positivity was similar among the three groups (KOH: 82.8%, alcohol: 86.2%, IVCM: 72.4%; p >.05). The mean number of mites per lash in the KOH group (1.5 ± 1.3) was higher than in the alcohol (0.9 ± 0.6, p =.041) and IVCM groups (0.9 ± 0.9, p =.036). KOH was found to be superior in terms of the quantification of mites compared to alcohol and IVCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to determine interobserver and intraobserver agreement, repeatability, and intrasubject variation of the detection of Demodex infestation in eyelids of blepharitis patients using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). Methods: Eighty-three eyes of 42 blepharitis patients were included in the study. All eyelids were evaluated from temporal to nasal with IVCM using section mode and 10 lashes with their follicles were imagined, and every image with suspicion of Demodex infestation was recorded. Two experienced and two inexperienced ophthalmologists were masked for the diagnosis and interpreted the IVCM images regarding the presence of Demodex infestation with a 3-week interval. Inter- observer and intraobserver agreements were calculated with Cohen's kappa and its variant statistics between and within experienced observers and between inexperienced observers. Results: While average sensitivity for the diagnosis of demodicosis in IVCM images was 83.35% for experienced and 51.35% for inexperienced observers, the average positive predictive value was 88.6% for experienced observers and 91.05% for inexperienced ones. Interobserver agreement between experienced observers was moderate (K = 0.529) and intraobserver agreements within experienced observers were perfect (K = 0.918 for observer-1; K = 0.958 for observer-2). Interobserver agreement between inexperienced observers was poor (K = 0.162) and intraobserver agreements within inexperienced observers were fair (K = 0.427 for observer-3; K = 0.475 for observer-4). Conclusion: The sensitivity, interobserver and intraobserver agreements in IVCM image analysis for the detection of Demodex infestation were highly associated with the clinical experience on IVCM imaging. In the hands of an experienced clinician, IVCM could be reliable for the diagnosis of ocular demodicosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Investigation of the efficacy and safety of 12 months of topical tacrolimus 0.03% ointment treatment against the subepithelial infiltrates (SEIs) due to adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) resisting at least 2 years was aimed. Methods This case series included consecutive patients with SEIs secondary to AKC who were resistant to topical steroid and ciclosporin-A (CSA) treatment and treated with topical 0.03% tacrolimus (Protopic; Fujisawa Healthcare, Teva, Deerfield, Illinois, USA) for 12 months, at least 2 years after AKC. For the evaluation of treatment efficacy, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Fantes score, corneal subepithelial infiltrate score (CSIS), Oxford score, Schirmer and tear breakup time results were evaluated. Intraocular pressure and complaints of the patients were followed for evaluating the safety profile of the treatment. The patients were followed after the baseline visit at the 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th month. Results 15 eyes of 11 patients with SEIs and 16 eyes of 16 healthy controls were included in this study. 1 patient (9.1%) could not tolerate the treatment. Significant improvements in BCVA, CSIS, Fantes score and Schirmer results were observed in the study group starting from the 3rd-month visit, and the improvements persisted until the end of 12 months of treatment. Conclusion Topical 0.03% tacrolimus might show efficacy against the SEIs persisting at least 2 years despite corticosteroid and/or CSA treatment without any prominent side effect. While at least a period of 3 months was necessary for a significant improvement in the BCVA, SEIs and Schirmer results, a period of 6 months was necessary for a decrease in Oxford score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)