Search

La empresa AGRONOELÉCTRICOS cuya actividad económica está enmarcada en la comercialización o Suministro de Insumos y herramientas agrícolas, las cuales no solamente afectan la salud de la población trabajadora sino el medio ambiente y el detrimento de su patrimonio consciente de la necesidad de gestar acciones que minimicen los riesgos y/o factores de riesgos presentes en su actividad económica, la empresa determina la necesidad de implementar el Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud (SG-SST) en el trabajo, para lo cual, determina como punto inicial el diseño y documentación de este. The company ACRONOELECTRICOS whose economic activity is framed in the commercialization or Supply of Inputs and agricultural tools, which not only affect the health of the working population but also the environment and the detriment of its heritage, aware of the need to develop actions that minimize the risks and/or risk factors present in its economic activity, the company determines the need to implement the Health and Safety Management System (SG-SST) at work, for which it determines as a starting point the design and documentation of East. Pregrado Ingeniero(a) Industrial TABLA DE CONTENIDO PÁG. INTRODUCCIÓN 13 1. ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 14 1.1 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 14 1.2 FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA 14 1.2.1Sistematización 14 2. JUSTIFICACIÓN 16 3. OBJETIVOS 17 3.1OBJETIVOS GENERAL 17 3.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS 17 4. MARCOS REFERENCIALES 19 4.1MARCO LEGAL 19 4.2 MARCO TEORICO 25 4.3 MARCO CONCEPTUAL 31 5. DISEÑO DEL SISTEMA DE GESTIÓN DE SEGURIDAD Y SALUD EN EL TRABAJO 40 5.1 CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA EMPRESA 40 5.2 JORNADA LABORAL 41 5.3 ESTRUCTURA ORGANIZACIONAL 41 5.4 PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO 42 5.5 BASES FUNDAMENTALES DELSISTEMA DE GESTIÓN DE LA SEGURIDAD Y SALUD EN EL TRABAJO 43 5.6 DIAGNÓSTICO INTEGRAL DE LAS CONDICIONES DE TRABAJO Y SALUD 80 5.6.1 EVALUACIÓN INICIAL 81 5.6.2 MATRIZ DE PELIGROS 81 5.6.3 HALLAZGOS DE LAS CONDICIONES DE SALUD 81 5.6.4 HALLAZGOS DE LAS CONDICIONES DE TRABAJO 82 5.7 POLÍTICA DE SEGURIDAD Y SALUD EN EL TRABAJO Y MEDIO AMBIENTE 83 5.8 POLÍTICA AMBIENTAL 85 8 5.9 COMITÉ PARITARIO DE SEGURIDAD Y SALUD EN ELTRABAJO (COPASST). 86 5.10 COMITÉ DE CONVIVENCIA LABORAL 93 5.11 POLÍTICA DE CONVIVENCIA LABORAL 95 5.12 POLITICA SOBRE EL NO CONSUMO DE ALCOHOL NI SUSTANCIAS PSICOACTIVAS 95 5.13 ACTIVIDADES A DESARROLLAR EN LOS SUBPROGRAMAS DE MEDICINA PREVENTIVA Y DEL TRABAJO, SEGURIDAD INDUSTRIAL E HIGIENE INDUSTRIAL. 95 5.14 PRIMEROS AUXILIOS 98 5.15 REGLAMENTO DE HIGIENE Y SEGURIDAD INDUSTRIAL 100 5.16 BRIGADAS Y PLANES DE EMERGENCIA 104 5.17 EVALUACIÓN DEL SISTEMA DE GESTIÓN DE LA SEGURIDAD Y SALUD EN EL TRABAJO 123 5.18 INDICADORES DEL SGSST 124 5.19 INVESTIGACIÓN DE AT 124 5.20 PLAN ANUAL DE TRABAJO 124 5.21 CONTROL DE CAMBIOS 125 5.22 COSTEO DEL AT 125 5.23 REVISIÓN POR LA GERENCIA Y MEJORA CONTINUA 128 5.24 AUDITORÍAS 128 5.25 GESTIÓN DEL CAMBIO 129 5.26 REVISIÓN POR LA DIRECCIÓN 129 5.27 MEJORA CONTINUA 130 5.28 ACCIONES DE MEJORA, CORRECTIVAS Y PREVENTIVAS 131 6. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES 132 7. BIBLIOGRAFÍA 133

Heart failure (HF) is a public health burden. In the next ten years, 8 million Americans are expected to have HF. A subset of these patients will develop advanced HF. They are refractory to medical therapies and have limited treatment options, including heart transplantation or a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Heart transplants for all advanced HF patients are impractical due to the scarcity of donors. LVAD therapy is the sole viable option for advanced HF patients as a bridge to transplant, a temporary treatment while the heart recovers, and a long-term destination therapy. Over the last two decades, significant progress in LVADs have been made through various iterations. Advances in LVADs have been due to redesign focused on lowering adverse events. However, bleeding and infections are still the most prevalent adverse complications. LVADs and other mechanical circulatory support devices induce damage to blood cells and plasma components due to the high mechanical shear stress (HMSS) generated. Therefore, there must be a link between LVAD-induced cellular damage and the adverse events experienced in LVAD patients. This dissertation aimed to investigate the relationship between cellular blood damage and LVAD-associated complications and qualify the extent of cellular damage/defects and functional alterations.The overall objective of this dissertation was to investigate the acquired cellular defects of platelets and neutrophils in blood after shear stress exposure. This objective was accomplished through in-vivo, in-vitro, and in-silico studies. The in-vivo studies examined the shear stress-induced injury of platelets in LVAD recipients and linked the adverse bleeding events (Chapter 3). The in-vitro studies explored the shear stress-induced injury of leukocytes (Chapter 4). The extent of the structural damage and functional alterations related to shear stress level and the exposure time was quantified (Chapter 5 and Chapter 6). Finally, the in-silico studies developed a simulation of leukocyte function with experimental data that was used to predict the extent of the shear stress-induced leukocyte function change (Chapter 6). The damaging effects of the high shear stress produced by mechanical circulatory support devices such as LVADs were conveyed through an integrated biological and engineering approach.

In order to explore the role of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) proteolysis and direct mechanical damage in non-physiologic shear stress (NPSS)-caused platelet receptor shedding, the healthy donor blood treated with/without ADAM inhibitor was exposed to NPSS (150 Pa). The expression of the platelet surface receptors glycoprotein (GP) Ibα and glycoprotein (GP) VI (GPVI) in NPSS-damaged blood was quantified with flow cytometry. The impact of ADAM inhibition on adhesion of NPSS-damaged platelets on von Willibrand factor (VWF) and collagen was explored with fluorescence microscopy. The impact of ADAM inhibition on ristocetin- and collagen-caused aggregation of NPSS-damaged platelets was examined by aggregometry. The results showed that ADAM inhibition could lessen the NPSS-induced loss of platelet surface receptor GPIbα (12%) and GPVI (9%), moderately preserve adhesion of platelets on VWF (7.4%) and collagen (8.4%), and partially restore the aggregation of NPSS-sheared platelets induced by ristocetin (18.6 AU*min) and collagen (48.2 AU*min). These results indicated that ADAM proteolysis played a role in NPSS-induced receptor shedding. However, the ADAM inhibition couldn't completely suppress the NPSS-caused loss of the platelet surface receptors (GPIbα and GPVI), only partially prevented the NPSS-induced reduction of platelet adhesion to VWF and collagen, and the agonist (ristocetin and collagen)-caused platelet aggregation. These results suggested that the direct mechanical damage is partially responsible for NPSS-induced receptor shedding in addition to the ADAM proteolysis. In conclusion, NPSS relevant to blood contacting medical devices can induce ADAM proteolysis and direct mechanical damage on the platelet receptor GPIbα and GPVI, leading to comprised hemostasis.

En términos concretos, un delito hace referencia a la conducta o al conjunto de éstas, ya sean por acción u omisión, que por su naturaleza, características y repercusiones, van en contra de las leyes establecidas por las autoridades nacionales e internacionales, así como por los distintos organismos de control. Por lo general, estos actos ilegales y anticonstitucionales, desencadenan una serie de consecuencias negativas para la sociedad y sus instituciones. In concrete terms, a crime refers to behavior or the whole of these, either by action or omission, by their nature, characteristics and impact, go against the laws established by national and international authorities, as well as the various control agencies. In general, these illegal and unconstitutional acts triggered a series of negative consequences for society and its institutions. Pregrado