1,342 results on '"Arias, Cesar A"'
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2. Reconstructing the boundary of AdS from an infrared defect
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Arias, Cesar
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High Energy Physics - Theory ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
We argue that the boundary of an asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) space of dimension $d+1$, say $M^{d+1}$, can be locally reconstructed from a codimension-two defect located in the deep interior of a negatively curved Einstein manifold $X^{d+2}$ of one higher dimension. This means that there exist two different ways of thinking about the same $d$-submanifold, $\Sigma^d$: either as a defect embedded in the interior of $X^{d+2}$, or as the boundary of $M^{d+1}$ in a certain zero radius limit. Based on this idea and other geometric and symmetry arguments, we propose the existence of an infrared field theory on a bulk $\mathbb Z_n$-orbifold defect, located in the deepest point of the interior of AdS$^{d+2}$. We further conjecture that such a theory gives rise to the holographic theory at the asymptotic boundary of AdS$^{d+1}$, in the limit where the orbifold parameter $n\to\infty$. As an example, we compute a defect central charge when $\Sigma$ is a 2-manifold of fixed positive curvature, and show that its $n\to\infty$ limit reproduces the central charge of Brown and Henneaux., Comment: ~30 pages, several figures and diagrams. V2: typos corrected, references added. Final, published version
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- 2023
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3. List of contributors
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Aizawa, Shin-Ichi, primary, Alberdi, Pilar, additional, Alexander, David C., additional, Alía, Alberto, additional, Allison, D.G., additional, Amyes, Sebastian G.B., additional, An, Haoran, additional, Andrade, María J., additional, Antelmann, Haike, additional, Arias, Cesar A., additional, Asensio, Miguel A., additional, Axell-House, Dierdre B., additional, Bae, Hee-Won, additional, Baena, Laura Muñoz, additional, Baig, Abdul Mannan, additional, Bailey, Spenser O., additional, Baize, Sylvain, additional, Baldi, Pablo C., additional, Barbosa, Angela Silva, additional, Barbuddhe, Sukhadeo B., additional, Bard, Emilie, additional, Barry, Eileen M., additional, Basarab, Gregory S., additional, Beloborodova, N.V, additional, Bermúdez, Elena, additional, Bidmos, Fadil A., additional, Bisgaard, Magne, additional, Blakely, Garry W., additional, Bloch, Evan, additional, Boesen, Thias Oberg, additional, Bose, Dipayan, additional, Botero, Javier Enrique, additional, Bouabe, Hicham, additional, Bouchard, Michael J., additional, Bozue, Joel A., additional, Bradbury, Richard S., additional, Brett Moreau, G., additional, Cabezas-Cruz, Alejandro, additional, Cai, Rong-Jun, additional, Calderón, Enrique J., additional, Cao, Boyang, additional, Carmena, David, additional, Carvalho, Eneas, additional, Caulfield, Amanda D., additional, Cen, Shan, additional, Chai, Jong-Yil, additional, Chamberland, Robin R., additional, Champredon, David, additional, Chan, Edward D., additional, Charbon, Godefroid, additional, Chato, Connor, additional, Chelomina, G.N., additional, Chen, Jingyu, additional, Chen, Min, additional, Chen, Shuyu, additional, Chen, Suilin, additional, Chen, Yanfei, additional, Chen, Zhaoyuan, additional, Cheng, Aimin, additional, Cheng, Keding, additional, Chiu, Charles Y., additional, Cho, You-Hee, additional, Christensen, Henrik, additional, Chrtdernevskaya, E.A., additional, Contreras, Adolfo, additional, Contreras, Marinela, additional, Córdoba, Juan J., additional, Córdoba, María G., additional, Costa, Rita, additional, Cote, Christopher K., additional, Cui, Xiangling, additional, Cui, Yujun, additional, Dacal, Elena, additional, Dammann, Allison N., additional, Das, Shubhagata, additional, Dashti, Alejandro, additional, de la Fuente, José, additional, de la Garza, Mireya, additional, Delgado, Josué, additional, Delgado-Cuesta, Juan, additional, Deng, Haiteng, additional, Deng, Li, additional, Dey, Debajit, additional, Dhama, Kuldeep, additional, Diego, Juan García-Bernalt, additional, Ding, Hao, additional, Doern, Christopher D., additional, Dorman, Charles J., additional, Du, Zongmin, additional, Dunbar, Sherry A., additional, Duthie, Malcolm, additional, Dybvig, Kevin F., additional, Eakin, Ann E., additional, Eallonardo, Samuel J., additional, Eberly, Allison R., additional, Echeverry, Adriana Jaramillo, additional, Egland, Paul G., additional, El Zowalaty, Mohamed E., additional, Endsley, Janice Jones, additional, Eom, Keeseon S., additional, Evans, Benjamin A., additional, Falkinham, Joseph O., additional, Feng, Siwei, additional, Feng, Yaoyu, additional, Feng, Zongdi, additional, Fernández-Soto, Pedro, additional, Ferreira, Roux-Cil, additional, Flores-Huerta, Nadia, additional, Foster, Timothy J., additional, Fox-Moon, Sandra M., additional, Fraga, Tatiana Rodrigues, additional, Fredricks, David N., additional, Freitag, Nancy E., additional, Frimodt-Møller, Jakob, additional, Fuller, Risa, additional, Ganesh, Balasubramanian, additional, Gao, Ning, additional, García-Carnero, Laura C., additional, Garzetti, Debora, additional, Geoghegan, Joan A., additional, Ghenim, Raed, additional, Giambartolomei, Guillermo H., additional, Gilbert, Nicole M., additional, Gillis, Thomas Phillip, additional, Gladstone, Camilla A., additional, Gómez-Gaviria, Manuela, additional, Gómez-Marín, Jorge E., additional, Gong, Tengfang, additional, González, Ramón A., additional, Gray-Owen, Scott D., additional, Gu, Bing, additional, Guzmán-Téllez, Paula, additional, Hajal, Caroline, additional, Han, Yanping, additional, Hao, Yi, additional, Harrington, Amanda T., additional, Harris, Jason B., additional, Harvill, Eric T., additional, Hasan, S. Saif, additional, He, Guang-Jun, additional, He, Yongqun, additional, Heffron, Jared D., additional, Hidalgo, Paloma, additional, Hindiyeh, Musa Y., additional, Hreha, Teri N., additional, Hu, Xiaoyu, additional, Huang, Guanghua, additional, Huang, Jiangqing, additional, Huang, Liang, additional, Huang, Shifeng, additional, Huang, Xingxu, additional, Huang, Xueting, additional, Huang, Yilun, additional, Huffman, Anthony, additional, Humphreys, Tricia L., additional, Hunstad, David A., additional, Inglis, Timothy J.J., additional, Isaac, Lourdes, additional, Jacobs, Samantha E., additional, Janowicz, Diane M., additional, Jeon, Hyeong-Kyu, additional, Ji, Quanjiang, additional, Jia, Qi, additional, Jia, Wei, additional, Jin, Shouguang, additional, Jneidi, Lama, additional, Jose, Shinsmon, additional, Jung, Bong-Kwang, additional, Kattan, Randa, additional, Kaushik, Rahul, additional, Khare, Reeti, additional, Kim, Eun Sook, additional, Kirn, Thomas J., additional, Koo, Hyun, additional, Köster, Pamela C., additional, Krause, Peter J., additional, Kumar, Sanjai, additional, Kupz, Andreas, additional, Lambert, P.A., additional, Lamont, Richard J., additional, Langford, Paul R., additional, Lebeaux, David, additional, Legname, Giuseppe, additional, Li, Bin, additional, Li, Chunhao, additional, Li, Fen, additional, Li, Jun, additional, Li, Lanjuan, additional, Li, Ruofan, additional, Li, Ruoyu, additional, Li, Ting, additional, Li, Yang-Yang, additional, Li, Yanhua, additional, Li, Zhuorong, additional, Liang, Xiaomeng, additional, Liao, Guojian, additional, Lin, Ping, additional, Ling, Yun, additional, Liu, Bo, additional, Liu, Dongyou, additional, Liu, Guohua, additional, Liu, Huidi, additional, Liu, Jiafeng, additional, Liu, Jintao, additional, Liu, Qi, additional, Liu, Shu-Lin, additional, Liu, Taiping, additional, Liu, Tongbao, additional, Liu, Wei, additional, Liu, Yan, additional, Liu, Yanni, additional, Liu, Yisong, additional, Liu, Yuan, additional, Løbner-Olesen, Anders, additional, Loeffelholz, Michael, additional, Lu, Hongzhou, additional, Luna, Brian, additional, Ma, Bingting, additional, Ma, Chengying, additional, Ma, Shuang, additional, Ma, TianLi, additional, Madan, Rajat, additional, Mahle, Rachael E., additional, Mahlen, Steven D., additional, Malik, Satya Veer Singh, additional, Malik, Yashpal Singh, additional, Malvy, Denis, additional, Mann, Barbara J., additional, Marasini, Daya, additional, Maris, Alexander S., additional, Marjomäki, Varpu, additional, Marjuki, Henju, additional, Martín, Alberto, additional, Martín, Irene, additional, Martínez-Castillo, Moisés, additional, Martínez-Pabón, María Cecilia, additional, Mathison, Blaine A., additional, Ma’ayeh, Showgy, additional, McDowell, Andrew, additional, McLaughlin, Stephanie E., additional, McSheffrey, Gordon G., additional, Medrano, Francisco J., additional, Meehan, Conor J., additional, Mehta, Dhwani, additional, Mejía-Oquendo, Manuela, additional, Melo-Cristino, José, additional, Mendoza-Barberá, Elena, additional, Meng, Xinan, additional, Merino, Susana, additional, Merritt, Adam J., additional, Miller, Steve, additional, Miller, William R., additional, Minamino, Tohru, additional, Mirzaei, Mohammadali Khan, additional, Mora-Montes, Héctor M., additional, Mortensen, Joel, additional, Mostafa, Heba H., additional, Muhsen, Khitam, additional, Mujahed, Ahlam, additional, Muro, Antonio, additional, Murphy, Olwen C., additional, Newton, Hayley J., additional, Nguyen, April H., additional, Nichols, Wright W., additional, Niu, Siqiang, additional, Núñez, Félix, additional, Obregon, Dasiel, additional, Okamoto, Akira, additional, Okutani, Akiko, additional, Olabode, Abayomi, additional, Omar, Muna, additional, Ong, Edison, additional, Ouyang, Zhiming, additional, Pacak, Christina A., additional, Pacheco-Yépez, Judith, additional, Palmer, John, additional, Pang, Xiaoli, additional, Paredes-Sabja, Daniel, additional, Peng, Zhong, additional, Peng, Zonggen, additional, Pérez-Nevado, Francisco, additional, Poon, Art, additional, Pospíšilová, Petra, additional, Potts, Caelin C., additional, Pu, Qinqin, additional, Pujic, Petar, additional, Qi, Rui, additional, Qian, Chenyun, additional, Qian, Liu, additional, Qin, Aiping, additional, Qu, Fen, additional, Rakin, Alexander, additional, Ramesh, Ashwin, additional, Ramirez, Mario, additional, Rao, Yu, additional, Ratner, Adam J., additional, Rawool, Deepak B., additional, Rehman, Asma, additional, Ren, Jie, additional, Ren, Ping, additional, Retchless, Adam C., additional, Robertson, Erle S., additional, Rodríguez, Alicia, additional, Rodriguez, Azucena, additional, Rodríguez-Medina, Carolina, additional, Rodriguez-Nava, Veronica, additional, Rohde, Manfred, additional, Romero-Rodríguez, Alba, additional, Rosales-Morgan, Gabriela, additional, Rosenkranz, Andrea L., additional, Ruiz-Moyano, Santiago, additional, Ruokolainen, Visa, additional, Sabateen, Ali, additional, Sahu, Radhakrishna, additional, Sails, Andrew, additional, Sang, Yu, additional, Santana, Clarissa H., additional, Santos, Jesus A., additional, Santos, Renato L., additional, Schmitz, Jonathan E., additional, Serrano-Luna, Jesús, additional, Shen, Jianzhong, additional, Shen, Zhangqi, additional, Shibayama, Mineko, additional, Shirtliff, Mark E., additional, Silva-Costa, Catarina, additional, Silva-Olivares, Angélica, additional, Singh, Niraj Kumar, additional, Šmajs, David, additional, Smith, Robert P., additional, Smith, Sophie, additional, Snyder, Lori A.S., additional, Song, Yinggai, additional, Soro, Aurea Simon, additional, Spearman, Paul, additional, Spellberg, Brad, additional, Sprague, Lisa D., additional, Stratton, Charles W., additional, Strenk, Susan M., additional, Strugnell, Richard A., additional, Sun, Keer, additional, Suo, Xun, additional, Suzuki-Hatano, Silveli, additional, Svärd, Staffan, additional, Talbot, Elizabeth A., additional, Tamez-Castrellón, Alma K., additional, Tan, Nie, additional, Tang, Cynthia Y., additional, Tang, Yi-Wei, additional, Tao, Jia, additional, Tao, Lili, additional, Terrero-Salcedo, David, additional, Tharmalingam, Jayaraman, additional, Thwe, Phyu M., additional, Tiamani, Kawtar, additional, Tomás, Juan M., additional, Topaz, Nadav, additional, Tsai, Ang-Chen, additional, Tsalik, Ephraim L., additional, Tuomanen, Elaine I., additional, Turenne, Christine Y., additional, Tyagi, Anuj, additional, Uprety, Priyanka, additional, Valour, Florent, additional, van Hensbergen, Vincent P., additional, Venkatesan, Arun, additional, Vergis, Jess, additional, Villar, Margarita, additional, Vollmer, Waldemar, additional, Waites, Ken B., additional, Wan, Xiu-Feng, additional, Wang, Guiqing, additional, Wang, Lijun, additional, Wang, Lin, additional, Wang, Linqi, additional, Wang, Xiangru, additional, Wang, Xin, additional, Wang, Xinjie, additional, Wang, Ya-Ting, additional, Wang, Yang, additional, Wang, Yating, additional, Weil, Ana A., additional, Welkos, Susan L., additional, Wengenack, Nancy L., additional, Westblade, Lars F., additional, Whitfield, Chris, additional, Wu, Hui, additional, Wu, Lijuan, additional, Wu, Min, additional, Wu, Yarong, additional, Wu, Zhaowei, additional, Xiang, Ye, additional, Xiao, Di, additional, Xiao, Li, additional, Xiao, Lihua, additional, Xu, Tao, additional, Xu, Wenyue, additional, Xu, Xinping, additional, Xue, Jinling, additional, Yadav, Jay Prakash, additional, Yan, Junxiang, additional, Yan, Yixin, additional, Yang, Changmei, additional, Yang, Ruifu, additional, Yang, Ying, additional, Yao, Kaihu, additional, Yao, Yu-Feng, additional, Yeakle, Kyle C., additional, Yu, Demin, additional, Yu, Hao, additional, Yu, Xue-Jie, additional, Yuan, Zhenghong, additional, Zai, Wenjing, additional, Zhang, Jianzhong, additional, Zhang, Jing-Ren, additional, Zhang, Lanyue, additional, Zhang, Lijie, additional, Zhang, Qiwei, additional, Zhang, Wenbao, additional, Zhang, Wenhong, additional, Zhang, Xinxin, additional, Zhao, Youbao, additional, Zhou, Chuanmin, additional, Zhu, Feng, additional, Zhu, Jingting, additional, and Zhu, Yongqun, additional
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- 2024
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4. The enterococci
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Nguyen, April H., primary, Axell-House, Dierdre B., additional, Miller, William R., additional, and Arias, Cesar A., additional
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- 2024
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5. Clinical Impact of Ceftriaxone Resistance in Escherichia coli Bloodstream Infections: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
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Tamma, Pranita D, Komarow, Lauren, Ge, Lizhao, Garcia-Diaz, Julia, Herc, Erica S, Doi, Yohei, Arias, Cesar A, Albin, Owen, Saade, Elie, Miller, Loren G, Jacob, Jesse T, Satlin, Michael J, Krsak, Martin, Huskins, W Charles, Dhar, Sorabh, Shelburne, Samuel A, Hill, Carol, Baum, Keri R, Bhojani, Minal, Greenwood-Quaintance, Kerryl E, Schmidt-Malan, Suzannah M, Patel, Robin, Evans, Scott R, Chambers, Henry F, Fowler, Vance G, van Duin, David, and Group, for the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership
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Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Hematology ,Sepsis ,Infection ,bacteremia ,ceftriaxone ,Escherichia coli ,ESBL ,mortality ,resistance ,Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group ,Clinical sciences ,Medical microbiology - Abstract
BackgroundCeftriaxone-resistant (CRO-R) Escherichia coli bloodstream infections (BSIs) are common.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort of patients with E coli BSI at 14 United States hospitals between November 2020 and April 2021. For each patient with a CRO-R E coli BSI enrolled, the next consecutive patient with a ceftriaxone-susceptible (CRO-S) E coli BSI was included. Primary outcome was desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) at day 30, with 50% probability of worse outcomes in the CRO-R group as the null hypothesis. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was used to reduce confounding.ResultsNotable differences between patients infected with CRO-R and CRO-S E coli BSI included the proportion with Pitt bacteremia score ≥4 (23% vs 15%, P = .079) and the median time to active antibiotic therapy (12 hours [interquartile range {IQR}, 1-35 hours] vs 1 hour [IQR, 0-6 hours]; P < .001). Unadjusted DOOR analyses indicated a 58% probability (95% confidence interval [CI], 52%-63%) for a worse clinical outcome in CRO-R versus CRO-S BSI. In the IPW-adjusted cohort, no difference was observed (54% [95% CI, 47%-61%]). Secondary outcomes included unadjusted and adjusted differences in the proportion of 30-day mortality between CRO-R and CRO-S BSIs (-5.3% [95% CI, -10.3% to -.4%] and -1.8 [95% CI, -6.7% to 3.2%], respectively), postculture median length of stay (8 days [IQR, 5-13 days] vs 6 days [IQR, 4-9 days]; P < .001), and incident admission to a long-term care facility (22% vs 12%, P = .045).ConclusionsPatients with CRO-R E coli BSI generally have poorer outcomes compared to patients infected with CRO-S E coli BSI, even after adjusting for important confounders.
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- 2022
6. Single-center Outcomes After Liver Transplantation With SARS-CoV-2–Positive Donors: An Argument for Increased Utilization
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Connor, Ashton A., Adelman, Max W., Mobley, Constance M., Moaddab, Mozhgon, Erhardt, Alexandra J., Hsu, David E., Brombosz, Elizabeth W., Sanghvi, Mansi, Cheah, Yee Lee, Simon, Caroline J., Hobeika, Mark J., Saharia, Ashish S., Victor, David W., III, Kodali, Sudha, Basra, Tamneet, Graviss, Edward A., Nguyen, Duc T., Elsaiey, Ahmed, Moore, Linda W., Nigo, Masayuki, Drews, Ashley L., Grimes, Kevin A., Arias, Cesar A., Li, Xian C., Gaber, A. Osama, and Ghobrial, R. Mark
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- 2024
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7. Clinical outcomes and bacterial characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae complex among patients from different global regions (CRACKLE-2): a prospective, multicentre, cohort study
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Wang, Minggui, Earley, Michelle, Chen, Liang, Hanson, Blake M, Yu, Yunsong, Liu, Zhengyin, Salcedo, Soraya, Cober, Eric, Li, Lanjuan, Kanj, Souha S, Gao, Hainv, Munita, Jose M, Ordoñez, Karen, Weston, Greg, Satlin, Michael J, Valderrama-Beltrán, Sandra L, Marimuthu, Kalisvar, Stryjewski, Martin E, Komarow, Lauren, Luterbach, Courtney, Marshall, Steve H, Rudin, Susan D, Manca, Claudia, Paterson, David L, Reyes, Jinnethe, Villegas, Maria V, Evans, Scott, Hill, Carol, Arias, Rebekka, Baum, Keri, Fries, Bettina C, Doi, Yohei, Patel, Robin, Kreiswirth, Barry N, Bonomo, Robert A, Chambers, Henry F, Fowler, Vance G, Arias, Cesar A, van Duin, David, Investigators, Multi-Drug Resistant Organism Network, Abbo, Lilian M, Anderson, Deverick J, Chew, Kean Lee, Cross, Heather R, De, Partha Pratim, Desai, Samit, Dhar, Sorabh, Di Castelnuovo, Valentina, Diaz, Lorena, Dinh, AN Q, Eilertson, Brandon, Evans, Beth, Garcia-Diaz, Julia, Garner, Omai B, Greenwood-Quaintance, Kerryl, Hanson, Blake, Herc, Erica, Jacob, Jesse T, Jiang, Jianping, Kalayjian, Robert C, Kaye, Keith S, Kim, Angela, Lauterbach, Courtney, Marshall, Steven H, McCarty, Todd, Munita, Jose, Ng, Oon Tek, Gutierrez, Jose Millan Oñate, Peleg, Anton, Salata, Robert A, Schmidt-Malan, Suzannah, and Smitasin, Nares
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Pneumonia & Influenza ,Lung ,Clinical Research ,Pneumonia ,Infectious Diseases ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Bacteremia ,Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae ,Carbapenems ,Cohort Studies ,Humans ,Klebsiella Infections ,Klebsiella pneumoniae ,Prospective Studies ,Respiratory Sounds ,Multi-Drug Resistant Organism Network Investigators ,Clinical Sciences ,Medical Microbiology ,Public Health and Health Services ,Microbiology - Abstract
BackgroundCarbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is a global threat. We therefore analysed the bacterial characteristics of CRKP infections and the clinical outcomes of patients with CRKP infections across different countries.MethodsIn this prospective, multicentre, cohort study (CRACKLE-2), hospitalised patients with cultures positive for CRKP were recruited from 71 hospitals in Argentina, Australia, Chile, China, Colombia, Lebanon, Singapore, and the USA. The first culture positive for CRKP was included for each unique patient. Clinical data on post-hospitalisation death and readmission were collected from health records, and whole genome sequencing was done on all isolates. The primary outcome was a desirability of outcome ranking at 30 days after the index culture, and, along with bacterial characteristics and 30-day all-cause mortality (a key secondary outcome), was compared between patients from China, South America, and the USA. The desirability of outcome ranking was adjusted for location before admission, Charlson comorbidity index, age at culture, Pitt bacteremia score, and anatomical culture source through inverse probability weighting; mortality was adjusted for the same confounders, plus region where relevant, through multivariable logistic regression. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03646227, and is complete.FindingsBetween June 13, 2017, and Nov 30, 2018, 991 patients were enrolled, of whom 502 (51%) met the criteria for CRKP infection and 489 (49%) had positive cultures that were considered colonisation. We observed little intra-country genetic variation in CRKP. Infected patients from the USA were more acutely ill than were patients from China or South America (median Pitt bacteremia score 3 [IQR 2-6] vs 2 [0-4] vs 2 [0-4]) and had more comorbidities (median Charlson comorbidity index 3 [IQR 2-5] vs 1 [0-3] vs 1 [0-2]). Adjusted desirability of outcome ranking outcomes were similar in infected patients from China (n=246), South America (n=109), and the USA (n=130); the estimates were 53% (95% CI 42-65) for China versus South America, 50% (41-61) for the USA versus China, and 53% (41-66) for the USA versus South America. In patients with CRKP infections, unadjusted 30-day mortality was lower in China (12%, 95% CI 8-16; 29 of 246) than in the USA (23%, 16-30; 30 of 130) and South America (28%, 20-37; 31 of 109). Adjusted 30-day all-cause mortality was higher in South America than in China (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4·82, 95% CI 2·22-10·50) and the USA (aOR 3·34, 1·50-7·47), with the mortality difference between the USA and China no longer being significant (aOR 1·44, 0·70-2·96).InterpretationGlobal CRKP epidemics have important regional differences in patients' baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes, and in bacterial characteristics. Research findings from one region might not be generalisable to other regions.FundingThe National Institutes of Health.
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- 2022
8. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) harboring mupirocin and biocide resistance genes in a large health care system
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Rosa, Rossana, de Paula Baptista, Rodrigo, Tran, Truc T., Cifuentes, Renzo O., Manzanillo, Kelley, Rosello, Gemma, Ghaemmaghami, Chris, Zambrana, David, Martinez, Octavio V., Arias, Cesar A., and Abbo, Lilian M.
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- 2024
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9. 511: A PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE RESPONSE CORRELATES WITH PROTECTION FROM CANDIDA GUT COLONIZATION
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Adelman, Max, Minze, Laurie, Tran, Truc, Detranaltes, Andrea, Rydell, Kirsten, Schettino, Marissa, Malikzad, Husna, Amaya, Abigail, Virk, Muhammad, Atterstrom, Rachel, Jones, Mary, Lorenz, Michael, Corry, David, and Arias, Cesar
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- 2024
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10. Liouville description of conical defects in dS$_4$, Gibbons-Hawking entropy as modular entropy, and dS$_3$ holography
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Arias, Cesar, Diaz, Felipe, Olea, Rodrigo, and Sundell, Per
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High Energy Physics - Theory ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
We model the back-reaction of a static observer in four-dimensional de Sitter spacetime by means of a singular $\mathbb Z_q$ quotient. The set of fixed points of the $\mathbb Z_q$ action consists of a pair of codimension two minimal surfaces given by 2-spheres in the Euclidean geometry. The introduction of an orbifold parameter $q>1$ permits the construction of an effective action for the bulk gravity theory with support on each of these minimal surfaces. The effective action corresponds to that of Liouville field theory on a 2-sphere with a finite vacuum expectation value of the Liouville field. The intrinsic Liouville theory description yields a thermal Cardy entropy that we reintrepret as a modular free energy at temperature $T=q^{-1}$, whereupon the Gibbons--Hawking entropy arises as the corresponding modular entropy. We further observe that in the limit $q\to\infty$ the four-dimensional geometry reduces to that of global dS$_3$ spacetime, where the two original minimal surfaces can be mapped to the future and past infinities of dS$_3$ by means of a double Wick rotation. In this limit, the Liouville theories on the minimal surfaces become boundary theories at zero temperature whose total central charge equals that computed using the dS$_3$/CFT$_2$ correspondence., Comment: V3: 22 pages and 3 figures. Published version
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- 2019
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11. Conformal Geometry of Embedded Manifolds with Boundary from Universal Holographic Formulae
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Arias, Cesar, Gover, A. Rod, and Waldron, Andrew
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Mathematics - Differential Geometry ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,High Energy Physics - Theory ,53A30, 53A55, 53B25, 53C21, 53A10, 53B50, 53C80 - Abstract
For an embedded conformal hypersurface with boundary, we construct critical order local invariants and their canonically associated differential operators. These are obtained holographically in a construction that uses a singular Yamabe problem and a corresponding minimal hypersurface with boundary. They include an extrinsic Q-curvature for the boundary of the embedded conformal manifold and, for its interior, the Q-curvature and accompanying boundary transgression curvatures. This gives universal formulae for extrinsic analogs of Branson Q-curvatures that simultaneously generalize the Willmore energy density, including the boundary transgression terms required for conformal invariance. It also gives extrinsic conformal Laplacian power type operators associated with all these curvatures. The construction also gives formulae for the divergent terms and anomalies in the volume and hyper-area asymptotics determined by minimal hypersurfaces having boundary at the conformal infinity. A main feature is the development of a universal, distribution-based, boundary calculus for the treatment of these and related problems., Comment: 59 pages, LaTeX
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- 2019
12. De Sitter Space and Entanglement
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Arias, Cesar, Diaz, Felipe, and Sundell, Per
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High Energy Physics - Theory ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
We argue that the notion of entanglement in de Sitter space arises naturally from the non-trivial Lorentzian geometry of the spacetime manifold, which consists of two disconnected boundaries and a causally disconnected interior. In four bulk dimensions, we propose an holographic description of an inertial observer in terms of a thermofield double state in the tensor product of the two boundaries Hilbert spaces, whereby the Gibbons--Hawking formula arises as the holographic entanglement entropy between the past and future conformal infinities. When considering the bulk entanglement between the two causally disconnected Rindler wedges, we show that the corresponding entanglement entropy is given by one quarter of the area of the pair of codimension two minimal surfaces that define the set of fixed points of the dS$_4/\mathbb Z_q$ orbifold., Comment: V4: 35 pages and 5 figures. Published version
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- 2019
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13. The ASM Journals Committee Values the Contributions of Black Microbiologists
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Schloss, Patrick D, Junior, Melissa, Alvania, Rebecca, Arias, Cesar A, Baumler, Andreas, Casadevall, Arturo, Detweiler, Corrella, Drake, Harold, Gilbert, Jack, Imperiale, Michael J, Lovett, Susan, Maloy, Stanley, McAdam, Alexander J, Newton, Irene LG, Sadowsky, Michael J, Sandri-Goldin, Rozanne M, Silhavy, Thomas J, Tontonoz, Peter, Young, Jo-Anne H, Cameron, Craig E, Cann, Isaac, Fuller, A Oveta, and Kozik, Ariangela J
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African Americans ,Humans ,Laboratory Personnel ,Microbiology ,Periodicals as Topic ,Research ,Biomedical Research ,COVID-19 ,Editorial Policies ,Healthcare Disparities ,Racism ,United States ,Black or African American ,Immunology - Published
- 2020
14. Molecular and clinical epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in the USA (CRACKLE-2): a prospective cohort study
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van Duin, David, Arias, Cesar A, Komarow, Lauren, Chen, Liang, Hanson, Blake M, Weston, Gregory, Cober, Eric, Garner, Omai B, Jacob, Jesse T, Satlin, Michael J, Fries, Bettina C, Garcia-Diaz, Julia, Doi, Yohei, Dhar, Sorabh, Kaye, Keith S, Earley, Michelle, Hujer, Andrea M, Hujer, Kristine M, Domitrovic, T Nicholas, Shropshire, William C, Dinh, An, Manca, Claudia, Luterbach, Courtney L, Wang, Minggui, Paterson, David L, Banerjee, Ritu, Patel, Robin, Evans, Scott, Hill, Carol, Arias, Rebekka, Chambers, Henry F, Fowler, Vance G, Kreiswirth, Barry N, Bonomo, Robert A, and Investigators, Multi-Drug Resistant Organism Network
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Medical Microbiology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Prevention ,Infectious Diseases ,Clinical Research ,Lung ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Aged ,Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae ,Cohort Studies ,Enterobacteriaceae Infections ,Female ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Phylogeny ,Prospective Studies ,United States ,Multi-Drug Resistant Organism Network Investigators ,Public Health and Health Services ,Microbiology ,Clinical sciences ,Medical microbiology ,Epidemiology - Abstract
BackgroundCarbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are a global threat. We aimed to describe the clinical and molecular characteristics of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-defined CRE in the USA.MethodsCRACKLE-2 is a prospective, multicentre, cohort study. Patients hospitalised in 49 US hospitals, with clinical cultures positive for CDC-defined CRE between April 30, 2016, and Aug 31, 2017, were included. There was no age exclusion. The primary outcome was desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) at 30 days after index culture. Clinical data and bacteria were collected, and whole genome sequencing was done. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03646227.Findings1040 patients with unique isolates were included, 449 (43%) with infection and 591 (57%) with colonisation. The CDC-defined CRE admission rate was 57 per 100 000 admissions (95% CI 45-71). Three subsets of CDC-defined CRE were identified: carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (618 [59%] of 1040), non-carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (194 [19%]), and unconfirmed CRE (228 [22%]; initially reported as CRE, but susceptible to carbapenems in two central laboratories). Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing clonal group 258 K pneumoniae was the most common carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales. In 449 patients with CDC-defined CRE infections, DOOR outcomes were not significantly different in patients with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, non-carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, and unconfirmed CRE. At 30 days 107 (24%, 95% CI 20-28) of these patients had died.InterpretationAmong patients with CDC-defined CRE, similar outcomes were observed among three subgroups, including the novel unconfirmed CRE group. CDC-defined CRE represent diverse bacteria, whose spread might not respond to interventions directed to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales.FundingNational Institutes of Health.
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- 2020
15. Genome Sequence Comparison of Staphylococcus aureus TX0117 and a Beta-Lactamase-Cured Derivative Shows Increased Cationic Peptide Resistance Accompanying Mutations in relA and mnaA
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Sales, Mia Jade, Sakoulas, George, Szubin, Richard, Palsson, Bernhard, Arias, Cesar, Singh, Kavindra V, Murray, Barbara E, and Monk, Jonathan M
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Human Genome ,Infectious Diseases ,Genetics ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Antimicrobial Resistance ,Aetiology ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Infection - Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus strain TX0117 is a methicillin-susceptible bacterium with type A beta-lactamase exhibiting a high cefazolin inoculum effect. TX0117 was cured of blaZ, yielding TX0117c with increased antimicrobial peptide resistance. The sequencing and genome assembly of TX0117 elucidate six mutations between TX0117 and TX0117c, including relA truncation and mnA_1 substitution.
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- 2020
16. Strain-Specific Adaptations of Streptococcus mitis-oralis to Serial In Vitro Passage in Daptomycin (DAP): Genotypic and Phenotypic Characteristics
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Mishra, Nagendra N, Tran, Truc T, Arias, Cesar A, Seepersaud, Ravin, Sullam, Paul M, and Bayer, Arnold S
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Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Infection ,Streptococcus mitis-oralis ,daptomycin resistance ,Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences - Abstract
Viridans group streptococci (VGS), especially the Streptococcus mitis-oralis subgroup, are pivotal pathogens in a variety of invasive endovascular infections, including "toxic shock" in neutropenic cancer patients and infective endocarditis (IE). Previously, we showed that the serial in vitro passage of S. mitis-oralis strains in sublethal daptomycin (DAP) resulted in rapid, high-level and stable DAP-resistance (DAP-R), which is accompanied by distinct changes in several genotypic and phenotypic signatures: (1) the disappearance of two key membrane phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and cardiolipin (CL); (2) increased membrane fluidity; (3) increased positive surface charge; (4) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two loci involved in CL biosynthesis (pgsA; cdsA); and (5) DAP hyperaccumulation. The current study examined these same metrics following in vitro serial DAP passages of a separate well-characterized S. mitis-oralis bloodstream isolate (SF100). Although some metrics seen in prior DAP post-passage strains were recapitulated with SF100 (e.g., pgsA SNPs, enhanced membrane fluidity), we observed the following major differences (comparing the parental versus post-passage variant): (1) no change in PG content; (2) reduced, but not absent, CL, with enhancement in phosphatidic acid (PA) content; (3) an unusual pattern of CL localization; (4) significantly decreased positive surface charge; (5) no difference in DAP accumulation; and (6) no cdsA SNPs. Thus, S. mitis-oralis strains are not "pre-programmed" phenotypically and/or genotypically to adapt in an identical manner during the evolution of the DAP-R.
- Published
- 2020
17. Antimicrobial sensing coupled with cell membrane remodeling mediates antibiotic resistance and virulence in Enterococcus faecalis.
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Khan, Ayesha, Davlieva, Milya, Panesso, Diana, Rincon, Sandra, Miller, William, Diaz, Lorena, Reyes, Jinnethe, Cruz, Melissa, Pemberton, Orville, Nguyen, April, Siegel, Sara, Planet, Paul, Narechania, Apurva, Latorre, Mauricio, Rios, Rafael, Singh, Kavindra, Garsin, Danielle, Tran, Truc, Shamoo, Yousif, Arias, Cesar, and Ton-That, Hung
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Enterococcus faecalis ,antibiotic resistance ,antimicrobial peptides ,cell membrane adaptation ,daptomycin - Abstract
Bacteria have developed several evolutionary strategies to protect their cell membranes (CMs) from the attack of antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) produced by the innate immune system, including remodeling of phospholipid content and localization. Multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, an opportunistic human pathogen, evolves resistance to the lipopeptide daptomycin and AMPs by diverting the antibiotic away from critical septal targets using CM anionic phospholipid redistribution. The LiaFSR stress response system regulates this CM remodeling via the LiaR response regulator by a previously unknown mechanism. Here, we characterize a LiaR-regulated protein, LiaX, that senses daptomycin or AMPs and triggers protective CM remodeling. LiaX is surface exposed, and in daptomycin-resistant clinical strains, both LiaX and the N-terminal domain alone are released into the extracellular milieu. The N-terminal domain of LiaX binds daptomycin and AMPs (such as human LL-37) and functions as an extracellular sentinel that activates the cell envelope stress response. The C-terminal domain of LiaX plays a role in inhibiting the LiaFSR system, and when this domain is absent, it leads to activation of anionic phospholipid redistribution. Strains that exhibit LiaX-mediated CM remodeling and AMP resistance show enhanced virulence in the Caenorhabditis elegans model, an effect that is abolished in animals lacking an innate immune pathway crucial for producing AMPs. In conclusion, we report a mechanism of antibiotic and AMP resistance that couples bacterial stress sensing to major changes in CM architecture, ultimately also affecting host-pathogen interactions.
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- 2019
18. Clinical Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Infections Due to Salmonella Species in Children, Houston, TX. 2016-2021: A Retrospective Study
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Tabarani, Christy, De La Hoz, Alejandro, Wanger, Audrey, Flores, Anthony R., and Arias, Cesar A.
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- 2023
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19. A rapid host–protein test for differentiating bacterial from viral infection: Apollo diagnostic accuracy study
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Bachur, Richard G., primary, Kaplan, Sheldon L., additional, Arias, Cesar A., additional, Ballard, Natasha, additional, Carroll, Karen C., additional, Cruz, Andrea T., additional, Gordon, Richard, additional, Halabi, Salim, additional, Harris, Jeffrey D., additional, Hulten, Kristina G., additional, Jacob, Theresa, additional, Kellogg, Mark D., additional, Klein, Adi, additional, Mishan, Pninit Shaked, additional, Motov, Sergey M., additional, Peck‐Palmer, Octavia M., additional, Ryan, Leticia M., additional, Shapira, Ma'anit, additional, Suits, George S., additional, Wang, Henry E., additional, Weissman, Alexandra, additional, and Rothman, Richard E., additional
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- 2024
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20. Intelligent preliminary diagnosis system for diseases with similar clinical presentation
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Andrade-Arenas, Laberiano, primary and Yactayo-Arias, Cesar, additional
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- 2024
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21. Mobile application: awareness of the population on the environmental impact
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Andrade-Arenas, Laberiano, primary, Giraldo-Retuerto, Margarita, additional, Molina-Velarde, Pedro, additional, and Yactayo-Arias, Cesar, additional
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- 2024
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22. Einstein-AdS action, renormalized volume/area and holographic Renyi entropies
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Anastasiou, Giorgos, Araya, Ignacio J., Arias, Cesar, and Olea, Rodrigo
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High Energy Physics - Theory ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Mathematical Physics - Abstract
We exhibit the equivalence between the renormalized volume of asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AAdS) Einstein manifolds in four and six dimensions, and their renormalized Euclidean bulk gravity actions. The action is that of Einstein gravity, where the renormalization is achieved through the addition of a single topological term. We generalize this equivalence, proposing an explicit form for the renormalized volume of higher even-dimensional AAdS Einstein manifolds. We also show that evaluating the renormalized bulk gravity action on the conically singular manifold of the replica trick results in an action principle that corresponds to the renormalized volume of the regular part of the bulk, plus the renormalized area of a codimension-2 cosmic brane whose tension is related to the replica index. Renormalized Renyi entropy of odd-dimensional holographic CFTs can thus be obtained from the renormalized area of the brane with finite tension, including the effects of its backreaction on the bulk geometry. The area computation corresponds to an extremization problem for an enclosing surface that extends to the AdS boundary,where the newly defined renormalized volume is considered., Comment: 26 pages, a new appendix added, small clarifications made, accepted for publication in JHEP
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- 2018
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23. Bosonic Higher Spin Gravity in any Dimension with Dynamical Two-Form
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Arias, Cesar, Bonezzi, Roberto, and Sundell, Per
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High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
We first propose an alternative to Vasiliev's bosonic higher spin gravities in any dimension by factoring out a modified sp(2) gauge algebra. We evidence perturbative equivalence of the two models, which have the same spectrum of Fronsdal fields at the linearized level. We then embed the new model into a flat Quillen superconnection containing two extra master fields in form degrees one and two; more generally, the superconnection contains additional degrees of freedom associated to various deformations of the underlying non-commutative geometry. Finally, we propose that by introducing first-quantized sp(2) ghosts and duality extending the field content, the Quillen flatness condition can be unified with the sp(2) gauge conditions into a single flatness condition that is variational with a Frobenius-Chern-Simons action functional., Comment: 26 pages
- Published
- 2017
24. Daptomycin Dose-Ranging Evaluation with Single-Dose versus Multidose Ceftriaxone Combinations against Streptococcus mitis/oralis in an Ex Vivo Simulated Endocarditis Vegetation Model.
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Kebriaei, Razieh, Rice, Seth A, Stamper, Kyle C, Seepersaud, Ravin, Garcia-de-la-Maria, Cristina, Mishra, Nagendra N, Miro, Jose M, Arias, Cesar A, Tran, Truc T, Sullam, Paul M, Bayer, Arnold S, and Rybak, Michael J
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Infectious Diseases ,Infection ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Ceftriaxone ,Daptomycin ,Drug Resistance ,Bacterial ,Drug Therapy ,Combination ,Endocarditis ,Endocarditis ,Bacterial ,Humans ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Streptococcus mitis ,Streptococcus oralis ,Vancomycin ,beta-Lactams ,ceftriaxone ,daptomycin ,SEVs ,Microbiology ,Medical Microbiology ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Medical microbiology ,Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences - Abstract
The viridans group streptococci (VGS) are a heterogeneous group of organisms which are important components of the normal human oral flora. Among the VGS, the Streptococcus mitis/oralis subgroup is one of the most common causes of infective endocarditis (IE). Daptomycin (DAP) is a potential alternative therapeutic option for invasive S. mitis infections, given high rates of β-lactam resistance and vancomycin tolerance in such strains. However, the ability of these strains to rapidly evolve high-level and durable DAP resistance (DAP-R) is problematic. Recent data suggest that combination DAP-β-lactam therapy circumvents this issue. Human-simulated dose-escalating DAP-alone dose regimens (6, 8, 10, or 12 mg/kg/day times 4 days) versus DAP (6 mg/kg/day) plus ceftriaxone (CRO) (2 g once daily times 4 days or 0.5 g, single dose) were assessed against two prototypical DAP-susceptible (DAP-S) S. mitis/oralis strains (SF100 and 351), as measured by a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model of simulated endocardial vegetations (SEVs). No DAP-alone regimen was effective, with regrowth of high-level DAP-R isolates observed for both strains over 96-h exposures. Combinations of DAP-CRO with either single- or multidose regimens yielded significant reductions in log10 CFU/g amounts within SEVs for both strains (∼6 log10 CFU/g) within 24 h. In addition, no DAP-R strains were detected in either DAP-CRO combination regimens over the 96-h exposure. In contrast to prior in vitro studies, no perturbations in two key cardiolipin biosynthetic genes (cdsA and pgsA) were identified in DAP-R SEV isolates emerging from strain 351, despite defective phospholipid production. The combination of DAP-CRO warrants further investigation for treatment of IE due to S. mitis/oralis.
- Published
- 2019
25. Mutations in cdsA and pgsA Correlate with Daptomycin Resistance in Streptococcus mitis and S. oralis.
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Tran, Truc T, Mishra, Nagendra N, Seepersaud, Ravin, Diaz, Lorena, Rios, Rafael, Dinh, An Q, Garcia-de-la-Maria, Cristina, Rybak, Michael J, Miro, Jose M, Shelburne, Samuel A, Sullam, Paul M, Bayer, Arnold S, and Arias, Cesar A
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Biological Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Cardiolipins ,Cell Membrane ,Daptomycin ,Drug Resistance ,Bacterial ,Humans ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Nucleotidyltransferases ,Phosphatidylglycerols ,Streptococcus mitis ,Streptococcus oralis ,Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups) ,CdsA ,PgsA ,daptomycin resistance ,Streptococcus mitis ,Microbiology ,Medical Microbiology ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Medical microbiology ,Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences - Abstract
We investigated the ability of several recent clinical viridans group streptococci (VGS) bloodstream isolates (Streptococcus mitis/S. oralis subgroup) from daptomycin (DAP)-naive patients to develop DAP resistance in vitro All strains rapidly developed high-level and stable DAP resistance. Substitutions in two enzymes involved in the cardiolipin biosynthesis pathway were identified, i.e., CdsA (phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase) and PgsA (CDP-diacylglycerol-glycerol-3-phosphate-3-phosphatidyltransferase). These mutations were associated with complete disappearance of phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin from cell membranes. DAP interactions with the cell membrane differed in isolates with PgsA versus CdsA substitutions.
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- 2019
26. Unravelling complex transposable elements surrounding blaGES-16 in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoU strain
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Streling, Ana Paula, Cayô, Rodrigo, Catan, Thais A., Jové, Thomas, Santos, Fernanda F., Nodari, Carolina S., Hanson, Blake, Miller, William R., Shropshire, William, Dinh, An Q., Ribeiro, Julival, Pignatari, Antonio C.C., Arias, Cesar A., and Gales, Ana C.
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- 2022
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27. Clinical outcomes and bacterial characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae complex among patients from different global regions (CRACKLE-2): a prospective, multicentre, cohort study
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Abbo, Lilian M, Anderson, Deverick J, Arias, Rebekka, Arias, Cesar A, Baum, Keri, Bonomo, Robert A, Chambers, Henry F, Chen, Liang, Chew, Kean Lee, Cober, Eric, Cross, Heather R, De, Partha Pratim, Desai, Samit, Dhar, Sorabh, Di Castelnuovo, Valentina, Diaz, Lorena, Dinh, AN Q, Doi, Yohei, Earley, Michelle, Eilertson, Brandon, Evans, Beth, Evans, Scott, Fowler Jr, Vance G, Fries, Bettina C, Gao, Hainv, Garcia-Diaz, Julia, Garner, Omai B, Greenwood-Quaintance, Kerryl, Hanson, Blake, Herc, Erica, Hill, Carol, Jacob, Jesse T, Jiang, Jianping, Kalayjian, Robert C, Kanj, Souha S, Kaye, Keith S, Kim, Angela, Komarow, Lauren, Kreiswirth, Barry N, Lauterbach, Courtney, Li, Lanjuan, Liu, Zhengyin, Manca, Claudia, Marimuthu, Kalisvar, Marshall, Steven H, McCarty, Todd, Munita, Jose, Ng, Oon Tek, Oñate Gutierrez, Jose Millan, Ordoñez, Karen, Patel, Robin, Paterson, David L, Peleg, Anton, Reyes, Jinnethe, Rudin, Susan D, Salata, Robert A, Salcedo, Soraya, Satlin, Michael J, Schmidt-Malan, Suzannah, Smitasin, Nares, Spencer, Maria, Stryjewski, Martin, Su, Jiachun, Tambyah, Paul Ananth, Valderrama, Sandra, van Duin, David, Villegas Botero, Maria Virginia, Wang, Minggui, Waters, Mary, Weston, Greg, Wong, Darren, Wortmann, Glenn, Yang, Yang, Yu, Yunsong, Zhang, Fujie, Hanson, Blake M, Munita, Jose M, Valderrama-Beltrán, Sandra L, Stryjewski, Martin E, Luterbach, Courtney, Marshall, Steve H, Villegas, Maria V, and Fowler, Vance G, Jr
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- 2022
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28. Persistence of Daptomycin-Resistant and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Hospitalized Patients with Underlying Malignancies: A 7-Year Follow-Up Study.
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El Haddad, Lynn, Angelidakis, Georgios, Zhai, Yuting, Yaghi, Layale, Arias, Cesar A., Shelburne, Samuel A., Jeong, Kwangcheol Casey, and Chemaly, Roy F.
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WHOLE genome sequencing ,HEMATOLOGIC malignancies ,INFECTION control ,HOSPITAL patients ,BACTEREMIA - Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) commonly colonize the gut of individuals with hematologic malignancies or undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) and may cause bacteremia. In 2012, we identified VRE isolates from patients and patients' rooms and showed transmission networks of highly genetically related daptomycin-resistant (DR)-VRE strains. This is a follow-up study performing whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and phylogenetic analyses on 82 clinical VRE strains isolated from stools and blood cultures of patients with leukemia and HCT between 2015 and 2019. Here, we observed transmission of highly genetically related strains between rooms on the same or on different floors, including a DR-VRE strain identified in 2012. Eleven of twenty-eight patients with DR-VRE were never exposed to daptomycin, suggesting horizontal transmission. Fifteen of the twenty-eight patients with DR-VRE died within 30 days of positive blood cultures. Amongst those, one DR-VRE strain belonging to ST1471 had the virulence gene bopD responsible for biofilm formation. Additionally, to our knowledge, this is the first report of a DR-VRE strain belonging to ST323 in the United States. In summary, our study demonstrated the emergence and persistence of VRE strains, especially DR-VRE, in our hospital. Adding WGS to routine infection control measures may timely identify potential horizontal VRE transmission including multi-drug-resistant isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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29. Real World Long-term Assessment of The Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Patients with COVID-19: Results From A Large De-identified Multicenter Electronic Health Record Dataset in the United States
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Nigo, Masayuki, Rasmy, Laila, May, Sarah B., Rao, Aishwarya, Karimaghaei, Sam, Kannadath, Bijun Sai, De la Hoz, Alejandro, Arias, Cesar A., Li, Liang, and Zhi, Degui
- Published
- 2021
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30. Teaching and Safety-Net Hospital Penalization in the Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program
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Serpa, Jose A., primary, Gemeinhardt, Gretchen, additional, Arias, Cesar A., additional, Morgan, Robert O., additional, Russell, Heidi, additional, Miao, Hongyu, additional, and Ganduglia Cazaban, Cecilia M., additional
- Published
- 2024
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31. Persistent gram-negative bloodstream infection increases the risk of recurrent bloodstream infection with the same species
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Ankrah, Paa Kwesi, primary, Bock, Andrew, additional, Ruffin, Felicia, additional, Hanson, Blake M, additional, Arias, Cesar A, additional, Maskarinec, Stacey A, additional, Parsons, Joshua, additional, Fowler, Vance G, additional, and Thaden, Joshua T, additional
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
32. Therapy and Emotional Support through a Chatbot
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Andrade-Arenas, Laberiano, primary, Yactayo-Arias, Cesar, additional, and Pucuhuayla-Revatta, Félix, additional
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- 2024
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33. Infectious Diseases Training in the 21st Century: A Glass Half Full or Half Empty?
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Arias, Cesar A, primary and Pirofski, Liise-anne, additional
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- 2024
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34. Cefiderocol heteroresistance associated with mutations in TonB-dependent receptor genes inPseudomonas aeruginosaof clinical origin
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Egge, Stephanie Lynn, primary, Rizvi, Samie A, additional, Simar, Shelby R., additional, Alcade-Rico, Manuel, additional, Martinez, Jose RW, additional, Hanson, Blake M, additional, Dinh, An Q., additional, de Paula Baptista, Rodrigo, additional, Tran, Truc T, additional, Shelburne, Samuel A, additional, Munita, Jose M., additional, Arias, Cesar A., additional, Hakki, Morgan, additional, and Miller, William R, additional
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- 2024
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35. Financial revolution: a systemic analysis of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the banking sector
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Jáuregui-Velarde, Raúl, primary, Andrade-Arenas, Laberiano, additional, Molina-Velarde, Pedro, additional, and Yactayo-Arias, Cesar, additional
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- 2024
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36. In vitro activity of sulbactam-durlobactam against colistin-resistant and/or cefiderocol-non-susceptible, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii collected in U.S. hospitals
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Iovleva, Alina, primary, McElheny, Christi L., additional, Fowler, Erin L., additional, Cober, Eric, additional, Herc, Erica S., additional, Arias, Cesar A., additional, Hill, Carol, additional, Baum, Keri, additional, Fowler, Jr., Vance G., additional, Chambers, Henry F., additional, Greenwood-Quaintance, Kerryl E., additional, Patel, Robin, additional, van Duin, David, additional, Bonomo, Robert A., additional, and Doi, Yohei, additional
- Published
- 2024
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37. LiaX is a surrogate marker for cell envelope stress and daptomycin non-susceptibility in Enterococcus faecium
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Axell-House, Dierdre B., primary, Simar, Shelby R., additional, Panesso, Diana, additional, Rincon, Sandra, additional, Miller, William R., additional, Khan, Ayesha, additional, Pemberton, Orville A., additional, Valdez, Lizbet, additional, Nguyen, April H., additional, Hood, Kara S., additional, Rydell, Kirsten, additional, DeTranaltes, Andrea M., additional, Jones, Mary N., additional, Atterstrom, Rachel, additional, Reyes, Jinnethe, additional, Sahasrabhojane, Pranoti V., additional, Suleyman, Geehan, additional, Zervos, Marcus, additional, Shelburne, Samuel A., additional, Singh, Kavindra V., additional, Shamoo, Yousif, additional, Hanson, Blake M., additional, Tran, Truc T., additional, and Arias, Cesar A., additional
- Published
- 2024
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38. In-patient evolution of a high-persister Escherichia coli strain with reduced in vivo antibiotic susceptibility
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Parsons, Joshua B., primary, Sidders, Ashelyn E., additional, Velez, Amanda Z., additional, Hanson, Blake M., additional, Angeles-Solano, Michelle, additional, Ruffin, Felicia, additional, Rowe, Sarah E., additional, Arias, Cesar A., additional, Fowler, Vance G., additional, Thaden, Joshua T., additional, and Conlon, Brian P., additional
- Published
- 2024
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39. Surveillance infrastructure is essential to address antimicrobial resistance in the Americas
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Undurraga, Eduardo A., primary, Peters, Anne, additional, Arias, Cesar A., additional, and Munita, Jose M., additional
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- 2024
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40. 3D Pain Face Expression Recognition Using a ML-MIMO Radar Profiler
- Author
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Lopez, Maria-Jose, primary, Palacios-Arias, Cesar, additional, Romeu, Jordi, additional, and Jofre-Roca, Luis, additional
- Published
- 2024
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41. Differential Poisson Sigma Models with Extended Supersymmetry
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Arias, Cesar, Sundell, Per, and Torres-Gomez, Alexander
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
The induced two-dimensional topological N=1 supersymmetric sigma model on a differential Poisson manifold M presented in arXiv:1503.05625 is shown to be a special case of the induced Poisson sigma model on the bi-graded supermanifold T[0,1]M. The bi-degree comprises the standard N-valued target space degree, corresponding to the form degree on the worldsheet, and an additional Z-valued fermion number, corresponding to the degree in the differential graded algebra of forms on M. The N=1 supersymmetry stems from the compatibility between the (extended) differential Poisson bracket and the de Rham differential on M. The latter is mapped to a nilpotent vector field Q of bi-degree (0,1) on T*[1,0](T[0,1]M), and the covariant Hamiltonian action is Q-exact. New extended supersymmetries arise as inner derivatives along special bosonic Killing vectors on M that induce Killing supervector fields of bi-degree (0,-1) on T*[1,0](T[0,1]M)., Comment: 39 pages
- Published
- 2016
42. Action principles for higher and fractional spin gravities
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Arias, Cesar, Bonezzi, Roberto, Boulanger, Nicolas, Sezgin, Ergin, Sundell, Per, Torres-Gomez, Alexander, and Valenzuela, Mauricio
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High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
We review various off-shell formulations for interacting higher-spin systems in dimensions 3 and 4. Associated with higher-spin systems in spacetime dimension 4 is a Chern-Simons action for a superconnection taking its values in a direct product of an infinite-dimensional algebra of oscillators and a Frobenius algebra. A crucial ingredient of the model is that it elevates the rigid closed and central two-form of Vasiliev's theory to a dynamical 2-form and doubles the higher-spin algebra, thereby considerably reducing the number of possible higher spin invariants and giving a nonzero effective functional on-shell. The two action principles we give for higher-spin systems in 3D are based on Chern-Simons and BF models. In the first case, the theory we give unifies higher-spin gauge fields with fractional-spin fields and an internal sector. In particular, Newton's constant is related to the coupling constant of the internal sector. In the second case, the BF action we review gives the fully nonlinear Prokushkin-Vasiliev, bosonic equations for matter-coupled higher spins in 3D. We present the truncation to a single, real matter field relevant in the Gaberdiel-Gopakumar holographic duality. The link between the various actions we present is the fact that they all borrow ingredients from Topological Field Theory. It has bee conjectured that there is an underlying and unifying 2-dimensional first-quantised description of the previous higher-spin models in 3D and 4D, in the form of a Cattaneo-Felder-like topological action containing fermionic fields., Comment: 41+1 pages. References added and reorganized, corrected typos, last paragraph of section 2 re-written. Contribution to the proceedings of the International Workshop on Higher Spin Gauge Theories (4-6 November 2015, Singapore)
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- 2016
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43. Paenibacillus dendritiformis Meningitis, Brain Abscesses and Cystic Encephalomalacia in an Infant: Case Presentation and Review of the Literature
- Author
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Tabarani, Christy, Heresi, Gloria P., Murphy, James R., Al Hammoud, Roukaya, Deyanov, Alex, Dinh, An Q., Arias, Cesar A., Baptista, Rodrigo, Wanger, Audrey, Shah, Manish N., Miller, Brandon, Masson, Manon F., Foster, Catherine E., and Hanson, Blake M.
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- 2022
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44. The Geometry of 6D, N = (1,0) Superspace and its Matter Couplings
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Arias, Cesar
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High Energy Physics - Theory - Abstract
This thesis is dedicated to the study of the geometry of six-dimensional superspace, endowed with the minimal amount of supersymmetry. In the first part of it, we unfold the main geometrical features of such superspace by solving completely the Bianchi identities for the constrained superspace torsion, which allow us to determine the full six-dimensional derivate superalgebra. Next, the conformal structure of the supergeometry is considered. Specifically, it is shown that the conventional torsion constraints remain invariant under super-Weyl transformations generated by a real scalar superfield parameter. In the second part of this work, the field content and superconformal matter couplings of the supergeometry are explored. The component field content of the Weyl multiplet is presented and the question of how this multiplet emerges in superspace is addressed. Finally, the constraints that conformal invariance imposes on some matter representations are analyzed., Comment: M.Sc. Thesis, Universidad Andres Bello, March 2014
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- 2015
45. Conformal geometry of embedded manifolds with boundary from universal holographic formulæ
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Arias, Cesar, Gover, A. Rod, and Waldron, Andrew
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- 2021
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46. Evaluation of daptomycin combinations with cephalosporins or gentamicin against Streptococcus mitis group strains in an in vitro model of simulated endocardial vegetations (SEVs).
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Yim, Juwon, Smith, Jordan R, Singh, Nivedita B, Rice, Seth, Stamper, Kyle, Garcia de la Maria, Cristina, Bayer, Arnold S, Mishra, Nagendra N, Miró, José M, Tran, Truc T, Arias, Cesar A, Sullam, Paul, and Rybak, Michael J
- Subjects
Emerging Infectious Diseases ,Infectious Diseases ,Antimicrobial Resistance ,Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,5.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Infection ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Cephalosporins ,Daptomycin ,Drug Therapy ,Combination ,Endocarditis ,Gentamicins ,Humans ,Models ,Biological ,Streptococcal Infections ,Streptococcus mitis ,Treatment Outcome ,Microbiology ,Medical Microbiology ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences - Abstract
ObjectivesAmong viridans group streptococcal infective endocarditis (IE), the Streptococcus mitis group is the most common aetiological organism. Treatment of IE caused by the S. mitis group is challenging due to the high frequency of β-lactam resistance, drug allergy and intolerability of mainstay antimicrobial agents such as vancomycin or gentamicin. Daptomycin has been suggested as an alternative therapeutic option in these scenarios based on its excellent susceptibility profile against S. mitis group strains . However, the propensity of many S. mitis group strains to rapidly evolve stable, high-level daptomycin resistance potentially limits this approach.MethodsWe evaluated the activity of 6 mg/kg/day daptomycin alone or in combination with gentamicin, ceftriaxone or ceftaroline against two daptomycin-susceptible S. mitis group strains over 96 h in a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model of simulated endocardial vegetations.ResultsDaptomycin alone was not bactericidal and high-level daptomycin resistance evolved at 96 h in both organisms. Combinations of daptomycin + ceftriaxone and daptomycin + ceftaroline demonstrated enhanced killing activity compared with each antibiotic alone and prevented emergence of daptomycin resistance at 96 h. Use of gentamicin as an adjunctive agent neither improved the efficacy of daptomycin nor prevented the development of daptomycin resistance.ConclusionsAddition of ceftriaxone or ceftaroline to daptomycin improves the bactericidal activity against S. mitis group strains and prevents daptomycin resistance emergence. Further investigation with combinations of daptomycin and β-lactams in a large number of strains is warranted to fully elucidate the clinical implications of such combinations for treatment of S. mitis group IE.
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- 2017
47. Perturbations of Phosphatidate Cytidylyltransferase (CdsA) Mediate Daptomycin Resistance in Streptococcus mitis/oralis by a Novel Mechanism
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Mishra, Nagendra N, Tran, Truc T, Seepersaud, Ravin, Garcia-de-la-Maria, Cristina, Faull, Kym, Yoon, Alex, Proctor, Richard, Miro, Jose M, Rybak, Michael J, Bayer, Arnold S, Arias, Cesar A, and Sullam, Paul M
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Infectious Diseases ,Antimicrobial Resistance ,5.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Infection ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Cytidine Diphosphate ,Daptomycin ,Drug Resistance ,Bacterial ,Gram-Positive Bacteria ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Neutrophils ,Nucleotidyltransferases ,Streptococcus oralis ,Streptococcus mitis/oralis ,daptomycin resistance ,phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase ,Microbiology ,Medical Microbiology ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences - Abstract
Streptococcus mitis/oralis is an important pathogen, causing life-threatening infections such as endocarditis and severe sepsis in immunocompromised patients. The β-lactam antibiotics are the usual therapy of choice for this organism, but their effectiveness is threatened by the frequent emergence of resistance. The lipopeptide daptomycin (DAP) has been suggested for therapy against such resistant S. mitis/oralis strains due to its in vitro bactericidal activity and demonstrated efficacy against other Gram-positive pathogens. Unlike other bacteria, however, S. mitis/oralis has the unique ability to rapidly develop stable, high-level resistance to DAP upon exposure to the drug both in vivo and in vitro Using isogenic DAP-susceptible and DAP-resistant S. mitis/oralis strain pairs, we describe a mechanism of resistance to both DAP and cationic antimicrobial peptides that involves loss-of-function mutations in cdsA (encoding a phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase). CdsA catalyzes the synthesis of cytidine diphosphate-diacylglycerol, an essential phospholipid intermediate for the production of membrane phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. DAP-resistant S. mitis/oralis strains demonstrated a total disappearance of phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, and anionic phospholipid microdomains from membranes. In addition, these strains exhibited cross-resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides from human neutrophils (i.e., hNP-1). Interestingly, CdsA-mediated changes in phospholipid metabolism were associated with DAP hyperaccumulation in a small subset of the bacterial population, without any binding by the remaining larger population. Our results indicate that CdsA is the major mediator of high-level DAP resistance in S. mitis/oralis and suggest a novel mechanism of bacterial survival against attack by antimicrobial peptides of both innate and exogenous origins.
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- 2017
48. Ceftaroline-Resistant, Daptomycin-Tolerant, and Heterogeneous Vancomycin-Intermediate Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Causing Infective Endocarditis
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Nigo, Masayuki, Diaz, Lorena, Carvajal, Lina P, Tran, Truc T, Rios, Rafael, Panesso, Diana, Garavito, Juan D, Miller, William R, Wanger, Audrey, Weinstock, George, Munita, Jose M, Arias, Cesar A, and Chambers, Henry F
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Infectious Diseases ,Prevention ,Vaccine Related ,Biodefense ,Antimicrobial Resistance ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Aetiology ,Infection ,Adult ,Amino Acid Substitution ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Bacterial Proteins ,Cephalosporins ,Cross Infection ,Daptomycin ,Drug Resistance ,Multiple ,Bacterial ,Drug Therapy ,Combination ,Endocarditis ,Bacterial ,Gene Expression ,Humans ,Male ,Methicillin ,Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Penicillin-Binding Proteins ,Staphylococcal Infections ,Vancomycin ,endocarditis ,Staphylococcus aureus ,ceftaroline ,Microbiology ,Medical Microbiology ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences - Abstract
We report a case of infective endocarditis (IE) caused by ceftaroline-resistant, daptomycin-tolerant, and heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Resistance to ceftaroline emerged in the absence of drug exposure, and the E447K substitution in the active site of PBP2a previously associated with ceftaroline resistance was identified. Additionally, we present evidence of patient-to-patient transmission of the strain within the same unit. This case illustrates the difficulties in treating MRSA IE in the setting of a multidrug-resistant phenotype.
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- 2017
49. Expert systems in mental health: innovative approach for personalized treatment.
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Andrade-Arenas, Laberiano, Rubio-Paucar, Inoc, Celis, Domingo Hernández, and Yactayo-Arias, Cesar
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CLASSIFICATION of mental disorders ,MENTAL illness ,PEOPLE with mental illness ,SYSTEM identification ,STRUCTURAL frames ,EXPERT systems - Abstract
Custom classification of mental illnesses has emerged as a challenge for mental health specialists, often minimized by patients' lack of awareness of symptoms and the importance of early intervention. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive understanding of personalized treatment, encompassing both pharmacological and non-pharmacological options, specifically tailored to mental disorders, considering factors such as the patient's age and gender, among other relevant characteristics. In this context, the Buchanan methodology has been chosen as the framework for structuring a web-based expert system. This approach covers everything from problem identification to system implementation and subsequent evaluation. The survey results, with a total of 50 responses, reveal that the category "Good" leads with 70%, closely followed by "Fair" and "Poor," both at 14%. 71.4% of responses reflect a positive evaluation, with 85.7% combining "Good" or "Fair" responses, and all categories reaching 100%. These results support the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing a web-based expert system under the Buchanan methodology. A positive response in the survey suggests that this methodology can significantly contribute to personalizing and recommending appropriate treatments, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, thereby benefiting a broad spectrum of patients with mental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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50. 2D sigma models and differential Poisson algebras
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Arias, Cesar, Boulanger, Nicolas, Sundell, Per, and Torres-Gomez, Alexander
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High Energy Physics - Theory ,Mathematical Physics - Abstract
We construct a two-dimensional topological sigma model whose target space is endowed with a Poisson algebra for differential forms. The model consists of an equal number of bosonic and fermionic fields of worldsheet form degrees zero and one. The action is built using exterior products and derivatives, without any reference to any worldsheet metric, and is of the covariant Hamiltonian form. The equations of motion define a universally Cartan integrable system. In addition to gauge symmetries, the model has one rigid nilpotent supersymmetry corresponding to the target space de Rham operator. The rigid and local symmetries of the action, respectively, are equivalent to the Poisson bracket being compatible with the de Rham operator and obeying graded Jacobi identities. We propose that perturbative quantization of the model yields a covariantized differential star product algebra of Kontsevich type. We comment on the resemblance to the topological A model., Comment: 20 pages
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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