47 results on '"Arianna Bionda"'
Search Results
2. Identification of a common haplotype in carriers of rob(1;29) in 32 Italian cattle breeds
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Matteo Cortellari, Arianna Bionda, Luigi Liotta, Fiorella Sbarra, Pietro Parma, and Paola Crepaldi
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Robertsonian translocation 1;29 (rob(1;29)), a widespread chromosomal anomaly affecting cattle fertility, appears to have originated from a common ancestor. This study utilizes routine SNP data to investigate the chromosomal region associated with rob(1;29) and confirm the presence of a shared haplotype among carriers in diverse Italian breeds. Three datasets were employed: Dataset 1 included 151 subjects from 5 beef cattle breeds genotyped with the GGP Bovine 33 k SNP chip; Dataset 2 encompassed 800 subjects from 32 Italian breeds genotyped with the Illumina 50 k SNP chip, sourced from the BOVITA dataset; Dataset 3 combined Dataset 2 with 21 karyologically tested subjects from breeds with a high carrier frequency, genotyped using the Affymetrix 65 K SNP chip. FST analysis pinpointed a distinctive genomic region on the first six Mb of BTA29, the centromeric region involved in the translocation. Haplotype comparisons within this non-recombining region revealed a common haplotype shared among all carriers, supporting the theory of a common ancestor. Principal component and haplotype analysis allowed clear differentiation of rob(1;29) homozygous and heterozygous carriers. Expanding to Dataset 2 revealed rob(1;29) carriers in unexpected breeds, all sharing the same ancestral haplotype. Notably, previously untested breeds, including Cinisara, exhibited a high carrier prevalence (nearly 50%), confirmed by karyological analysis. This study validates the presence of a shared haplotype among all identified rob(1;29) carriers, reinforcing the common ancestor theory as the origin of this translocation's spread throughout the cattle population. Furthermore, it underscores the potential of SNP data analysis as a rapid, accurate, and cost-effective tool for broad rob(1;29) screening, given the translocation's consistent nature across all analyzed breeds.
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- 2024
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3. 70 years of heat waves and summer climate change affecting Italian small ruminant populations
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Arianna Bionda, Matteo Cortellari, Alessio Negro, and Paola Crepaldi
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goats ,sheep ,local breeds ,climate change ,heat waves ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
Climate change and heat stress pose significant challenges to livestock. Local breeds, particularly small ruminants, are gaining importance due to their adaptability to harsh climates. However, the extensive system they are commonly reared in leaves them exposed to the effects of climate change. This study aims to describe the distribution and climate-related challenges faced by registered Italian sheep and goat breeds over the past seven decades. Geolocalized data from all registered small ruminant farms were combined with climatic information retrieved from the “ERA-5-Land hourly data from 1950 to present” dataset. These data were used to calculate average daily temperature, temperature humidity index (THI), and total precipitation during summer. Additionally, THI-based heat waves (HWs) were examined, including the yearly number of HW days and mean THI during HW days. These data were analysed through linear regression models including region or breed, year, and their interaction as fixed factors. The climate data indicate a concerning trend of rising summer temperatures, THI, and HW frequency and intensity, particularly over the past three decades. Central-northern Italy, including the Po Valley and the Alpine Arch, is the most affected region, impacting breeds like Rosset and Brogne sheep, and Lariana and Frisa Valtellinese goats. This is of particular concern because these populations have not been selected for hot climates, and their already small population size exacerbates the problem. Conversely, southern Italy, characterized by hotter and drier temperatures, remained relatively stable. Breeds from this region, such as Girgentana and Nicastrese goats and Nera di Arbus sheep, might represent excellent case studies for climatic adaptation and potential resources for selection for resilience in the face of ongoing climate changes. The findings presented here are essential for the development of monitoring and intervention strategies for breeds facing future vulnerabilities, as well as for designing experiments to explore environmental adaptability in small ruminants.
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- 2024
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4. Frameshift Variant in AMPD2 in Cirneco dell’Etna Dogs with Retinopathy and Tremors
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Leonardo Murgiano, Jessica K. Niggel, Leontine Benedicenti, Matteo Cortellari, Arianna Bionda, Paola Crepaldi, Luigi Liotta, Geoffrey K. Aguirre, William A. Beltran, and Gustavo D. Aguirre
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inherited canine disease ,animal model ,oculo-neurological syndrome ,syndromic retinal condition ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
While the manifestations of many inherited retinal disorders are limited to loss of vision, others are part of a syndrome that affects multiple tissues, particularly the nervous system. Most syndromic retinal disorders are thought to be recessively inherited. Two dogs out of a litter of Cirneco dell′ Etna dogs, both males, showed signs of retinal degeneration, along with tremors and signs described as either atypical seizures or paroxysmal dyskinesias, while the other two male littermates were normal. We named this oculo-neurological syndrome CONS (Cirneco oculo-neurological syndrome), and undertook homozygosity mapping and whole-genome sequencing to determine its potential genetic etiology. Notably, we detected a 1-bp deletion in chromosome 6 that was predicted to cause a frameshift and premature stop codon within the canine AMPD2 gene, which encodes adenosine monophosphate deaminase, an enzyme that converts adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) to inosine 5’-monophosphate (IMP). Genotyping of the available Cirneco population suggested perfect segregation between cases and controls for the variant. Moreover, this variant was absent in canine genomic databases comprised of thousands of unaffected dogs. The AMPD2 genetic variant we identified in dogs presents with retinal manifestations, adding to the spectrum of neurological manifestations associated with AMPD2 variants in humans.
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- 2024
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5. Phenotypic and Genomic Characterization of the Comune di Sicilia Goat: Towards the Conservation of an Endangered Local Breed
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Arianna Bionda, Vincenzo Lopreiato, Annalisa Amato, Matteo Cortellari, Carmelo Cavallo, Vincenzo Chiofalo, Paola Crepaldi, and Luigi Liotta
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local goat breeds ,goat morphology ,goat genomics ,anotia ,wattles ,breed conservation ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
The Comune di Sicilia, a local goat breed from Sicily (Italy), is currently undergoing recognition as a distinct breed. This study aims to characterize the population both phenotypically and genomically to advance its recognition process. A total of 78 subjects from two locations were enrolled, and their phenotypic data, including qualitative traits and morphometric measurements of adult animals, were recorded and statistically analyzed. The goats were genotyped using the Illumina 50 k Goat SNPchip, comparing them with 473 goats from 15 Italian breeds. Population structure, phylogenetic relationships, admixture, and genomic inbreeding were analyzed. Additionally, subjects with different morphological traits were compared using FST and runs of homozygosity, leading to the identification of potential candidate genes associated with anotia and wattle presence in goats. The Comune di Sicilia breed exhibited distinctive genomic and phenotypic features, setting it apart from other breeds in the same region. However, moderate variability, possibly influenced by selection practices, was also observed. To ensure the breed’s preservation and prevent excessive inbreeding, a comprehensive approach considering both morphology and genomic background is recommended. This study contributes valuable insights into the genetic peculiarities of the Comune di Sicilia goat, supporting its recognition as a unique and valuable breed.
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- 2023
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6. The Shepherd and the Hunter: A Genomic Comparison of Italian Dog Breeds
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Arianna Bionda, Matteo Cortellari, Luigi Liotta, and Paola Crepaldi
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Italian dog breeds ,shepherd dogs ,hunting dogs ,SNP ,canine genomics ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Shepherd and hunting dogs have undergone divergent selection for specific tasks, resulting in distinct phenotypic and behavioural differences. Italy is home to numerous recognized and unrecognized breeds of both types, providing an opportunity to compare them genomically. In this study, we analysed SNP data obtained from the CanineHD BeadChip, encompassing 116 hunting dogs (representing 6 breeds) and 158 shepherd dogs (representing 9 breeds). We explored the population structure, genomic background, and phylogenetic relationships among the breeds. To compare the two groups, we employed three complementary methods for selection signature detection: FST, XP-EHH, and ROH. Our results reveal a clear differentiation between shepherd and hunting dogs as well as between gun dogs vs. hounds and guardian vs. herding shepherd dogs. The genomic regions distinguishing these groups harbour several genes associated with domestication and behavioural traits, including gregariousness (WBSRC17) and aggressiveness (CDH12 and HTT). Additionally, genes related to morphology, such as size and coat colour (ASIP and TYRP1) and texture (RSPO2), were identified. This comparative genomic analysis sheds light on the genetic underpinnings of the phenotypic and behavioural variations observed in Italian hunting and shepherd dogs.
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- 2023
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7. Runs of homozygosity in the Italian goat breeds: impact of management practices in low-input systems
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Matteo Cortellari, Arianna Bionda, Alessio Negro, Stefano Frattini, Salvatore Mastrangelo, Elisa Somenzi, Emiliano Lasagna, Francesca M. Sarti, Elena Ciani, Roberta Ciampolini, Donata Marletta, Luigi Liotta, Paolo Ajmone Marsan, Fabio Pilla, Licia Colli, Andrea Talenti, and Paola Crepaldi
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Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background Climate and farming systems, several of which are considered as low-input agricultural systems, vary between goat populations from Northern and Southern Italy and have led to different management practices. These processes have impacted genome shaping in terms of inbreeding and regions under selection and resulted in differences between the northern and southern populations. Both inbreeding and signatures of selection can be pinpointed by the analysis of runs of homozygosity (ROH), which provides useful information to assist the management of this species in different rural areas. Results We analyzed the ROH distribution and inbreeding (F ROH) in 902 goats from the Italian Goat Consortium2 dataset. We evaluated the differences in individual ROH number and length between goat breeds from Northern (NRD) and Central-southern (CSD) Italy. Then, we identified the signatures of selection that differentiate these two groups using three methods: ROH, ΔROH, and averaged F ST. ROH analyses showed that some Italian goat breeds have a lower inbreeding coefficient, which is attributable to their management and history. ROH are longer in breeds that are undergoing non-optimal management or with small population size. In several small breeds, the ROH length classes are balanced, reflecting more accurate mating planning. The differences in climate and management between the NRD and CSD groups have resulted in different ROH lengths and numbers: the NRD populations bred in isolated valleys present more and shorter ROH segments, while the CSD populations have fewer and longer ROH, which is likely due to the fact that they have undergone more admixture events during the horizontal transhumance practice followed by a more recent standardization. We identified four genes within signatures of selection on chromosome 11 related to fertility in the NRD group, and 23 genes on chromosomes 5 and 6 related to growth in the CSD group. Finally, we identified 17 genes on chromosome 12 related to environmental adaptation and body size with high homozygosity in both groups. Conclusions These results show how different management practices have impacted the level of genomic inbreeding in two Italian goat groups and could be useful to assist management in a low-input system while safeguarding the diversity of small populations.
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- 2021
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8. Diet supplemented with olive cake as a model of circular economy: Metabolic and endocrine responses of beef cattle
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Arianna Bionda, Vincenzo Lopreiato, Paola Crepaldi, Vincenzo Chiofalo, Esterina Fazio, Marianna Oteri, Annalisa Amato, and Luigi Liotta
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beef cattle ,olive cake ,metabolism ,circular economy ,olive by-products ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
IntroductionIntegrating by-products into livestock diet represents a great opportunity for implementing the concept of circular economy while reducing feed costs. Olive cake (OC) is considered an agro-industrial waste, but the high content of valuable metabolites makes it a promising feed integration. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of OC integration in beef cattle diet on different blood parameters.MethodsForty-eight young growing fattening Limousines-−24 bulls (body weight 350 ± 15 kg) and 24 heifers (280 ± 10 kg)—, aged 240 ± 20 days, were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: concentrate at 0% (Control group: CTR), 10% (Low-olive cake group: L-OC), or 15% (High-olive cake group: H-OC) of OC inclusion. Blood samples and body weights were collected before administrating the supplemented diet (0 d), at the end of the stocker growing phase (56 d), and at the end of the fattening (147 d). After being slaughtered, animal carcasses were weighted. A linear regression model was fitted for each blood parameter with the 0 d as covariate and diet, time, sex, diet × time, and diet × sex as fixed effects.ResultsIn males, body weight was highest in CTR, but carcass weight was similar in all the groups. All the blood parameters were within physiological ranges, independently from the animal diet. CTR group showed the highest alanine aminotransferase (ALT, P = 0.0027) and creatine kinase (P = 0.0119), whereas total bilirubin (P = 0.0023) was higher in H-OC than in CTR. Moreover, ALT was highest in CTR at 56 d, becoming similar in all the groups at 147 d (P = 0.0280). Instead, the increase observed in total cholesterol from 56 to 147 d was lower in H-OC compared with CTR and L-OC (P = 0.0451). A significant effect of diet × sex interaction was observed on triglycerides, urea, liver enzymes, and insulin. These data support the OC inclusion of up to 15% of the concentrate with no detrimental effect on beef cattle metabolic status.DiscussionIn conclusion, OC can be considered as a component in beef diet giving an opportunity to improve agriculture sustainability.
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- 2022
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9. Effects of Dietary Enrichment with Olive Cake on the Thyroid and Adrenocortical Responses in Growing Beef Calves
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Esterina Fazio, Arianna Bionda, Vincenzo Chiofalo, Deborah La Fauci, Cinzia Randazzo, Alessandra Pino, Paola Crepaldi, George Attard, Luigi Liotta, and Vincenzo Lopreiato
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beef cattle ,thyroid hormones ,cortisol ,olive cake ,by-products ,circular economy ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Agro-industrial by-products incorporated into livestock feed formulations can positively impact feed costs and promote a circular bio-economy. Italy produces significant amounts of olive cake (OC), a by-product of olive oil extraction, with the potential for incorporation into bovine diets. However, information on its effects on endocrine responses in growing beef calves is lacking. Forty-eight Limousines randomly allocated to dietary treatment (control or 10%-OC or 15%-OC inclusion) were segregated according to sex and body weight. Serum concentrations of TSH, thyroid hormones, and cortisol were measured on day 0, day 56, and at the end of the trial on day 147. Circulating TSH, total (T3, T4) and free (fT3, fT4) iodothyronines, and cortisol concentrations were all within the normal physiological ranges, with no significant effect imparted by diet. However, the diet × time interaction was significant for T3. The cortisol, T3, T4, and fT4 registered on day 147 were higher than those of day 56, and cortisol was higher in heifers than bulls. Final body weight was positively correlated with TSH and T3 and negatively with cortisol concentration. These findings suggest that the inclusion of OC at levels up to 15% in growing/finishing beef diets had no adverse effects on the calves’ thyroid and cortical status.
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- 2023
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10. The climatic and genetic heritage of Italian goat breeds with genomic SNP data
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Matteo Cortellari, Mario Barbato, Andrea Talenti, Arianna Bionda, Antonello Carta, Roberta Ciampolini, Elena Ciani, Alessandra Crisà, Stefano Frattini, Emiliano Lasagna, Donata Marletta, Salvatore Mastrangelo, Alessio Negro, Ettore Randi, Francesca M. Sarti, Stefano Sartore, Dominga Soglia, Luigi Liotta, Alessandra Stella, Paolo Ajmone-Marsan, Fabio Pilla, Licia Colli, and Paola Crepaldi
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Local adaptation of animals to the environment can abruptly become a burden when faced with rapid climatic changes such as those foreseen for the Italian peninsula over the next 70 years. Our study investigates the genetic structure of the Italian goat populations and links it with the environment and how genetics might evolve over the next 50 years. We used one of the largest national datasets including > 1000 goats from 33 populations across the Italian peninsula collected by the Italian Goat Consortium and genotyped with over 50 k markers. Our results showed that Italian goats can be discriminated in three groups reflective of the Italian geography and its geo-political situation preceding the country unification around two centuries ago. We leveraged the remarkable genetic and geographical diversity of the Italian goat populations and performed landscape genomics analysis to disentangle the relationship between genotype and environment, finding 64 SNPs intercepting genomic regions linked to growth, circadian rhythm, fertility, and inflammatory response. Lastly, we calculated the hypothetical future genotypic frequencies of the most relevant SNPs identified through landscape genomics to evaluate their long-term effect on the genetic structure of the Italian goat populations. Our results provide an insight into the past and the future of the Italian local goat populations, helping the institutions in defining new conservation strategy plans that could preserve their diversity and their link to local realities challenged by climate change.
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- 2021
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11. Genomic variability of Cirneco dell’Etna and the genetic distance with other dog breeds
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Matteo Cortellari, Arianna Bionda, Andrea Talenti, Simone Ceccobelli, George Attard, Emiliano Lasagna, Paola Crepaldi, and Luigi Liotta
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italian dog breed ,snps ,genomic inbreeding ,genetic biodiversity ,autochthonous breeds ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
Cirneco dell’Etna is an old Italian breed of scent hunting dogs. Commonly used genomic measures such as heterozygosity, fixation indexes, and runs of homozygosity can help to improve knowledge about its genetic diversity. This study aimed to: (i) investigate Cirneco’s genomic background, (ii) quantify its genomic inbreeding, and (iii) detect genomic regions differentiating the Cirneco’s two allowed coat colours, self-coloured fawn and tan and white. Canine 230 K SNP BeadChips was used to investigate 24 Cirneco (19 self-coloured fawn, and 5 tan and white) and other 106 dogs from eight phylogenetically and historically related breeds. The genetic distance, ancestry, and relationship among breeds were explored by multidimensional scaling, Reynolds distances, phylogenetic tree, and admixture analysis. The genomic inbreeding (FROH) was calculated for each breed. Averaged Wright’s fixation index ST was used to identify the genes that most differentiated the two groups of Cirneco. All analyses highlighted that Segugio Italiano and Kelb tal Fenek are the closest breeds to Cirneco. Within the breed, tan and white subjects showed a more heterogeneous genetic background and a lower inbreeding in comparison with self-coloured fawn ones, even though more than half of the latter presented a superimposable admixture. The gene that most differentiated these two groups is Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor (MITF), previously associated with white spotting in other breeds. Given the small size of the Cirneco population and its open registry, its management should carefully combine morphological and genealogical evaluations with genetic tools to identify the best breeders while maintaining an acceptable genetic pool.Highlights The genomic analysis demonstrated that Segugio Italiano and Kelb tal Fenek are genetically related to the Cirneco. The MITF gene is responsible for white blazing in Cirneco as in many other dog breeds. Genomic tools should be integrated with phenotypic and genealogic evaluations in the management of Italian autochthonous dog breeds to safeguard their welfare and biodiversity.
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- 2021
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12. From phenotypical to genomic characterisation of the mannara dog: an italian shepherd canine resource
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Luigi Liotta, Arianna Bionda, Matteo Cortellari, Alessio Negro, and Paola Crepaldi
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italian dog breed ,snps ,inbreeding ,effective population size ,genetic biodiversity ,Animal culture ,SF1-1100 - Abstract
Mannara dogs have long been bred in Sicily (Italy) to work alongside shepherds as flock guardians. This study provides a morphologic, genealogic, and genomic characterisation of the Mannara dog, useful in light of its recognition process and to improve the breed standard. Morphologic measurements of body, head, and chest were taken on 111 adult Mannara dogs. The whole population pedigree was used to calculate the inbreeding coefficient (F) and five effective population size (Ne) parameters. Twelve Mannara dogs were genotyped using the Canine 230 K SNP BeadChips and compared with Maremma sheepdog, Caucasian shepherd dog, Cane Corso Italiano, and Neapolitan mastiff for population structure, heterozygosity, and runs of homozygosity. The morphometric evaluation showed that Mannara dogs generally accords with the provisional standard and can be classified as a large/giant, meso-dolicomorphic, and mesocephalic breed. The population consists of 375 individuals, one third of which are founders and the remaining belong to 58 litters; presenting low inbreeding (F = 0.7%) and balanced sires and dams. The Ne estimates range widely: two (NeN=159 and NeFi=50) exceed the FCI limit for breed recognition and one (NeCi=25) did not. Genetically, all the included populations are well distinct, with the Maremma sheepdog being the nearest to the Mannara dog. Five Mannara have a single ancestral component, while the others show higher admixed proportions. The genomic inbreeding and heterozygosity confirm the good management of the breed. Our analyses suggest that the Mannara breed should continue the recognition process, pivotal to preserving an invaluable canine resource for the Sicilian agriculture.Highlights The morphometric measurements of Mannara dogs generally accords with the provisional standard. The pedigree analysis reveals that the population is well managed and meets the criteria for FCI recognition. The Mannara dog presents a unique genomic background.
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- 2021
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13. Genomic Analysis of the Endangered Fonni’s Dog Breed: A Comparison of Genomic and Phenotypic Evaluation Scores
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Matteo Cortellari, Arianna Bionda, Raffaella Cocco, Sara Sechi, Luigi Liotta, and Paola Crepaldi
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Italian dog breed ,SNPs ,dog breed conservation ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
The Fonni’s dog is an ancient Sardinian breed for livestock and property guarding. In recent years, the number of new registrations to the breeding book has slumped and, thus, this breed risks being lost forever. This work refocuses attention to the Fonni’s dog, analysing its genomic makeup and comparing different phenotypical and genetic evaluation scores. Thirty Fonni’s dogs were ranked by their general accordance to the breed typicality (typicality score) and to the provisional standard by official judges (judges’ score). They were genotyped with a 230K SNP BeadChip and compared with 379 dogs of 24 breeds. Genomically, the Fonni’s dogs placed themselves near shepherd dogs and showed a unique genetic signature, which was used to create the genomic score. This score better correlated with typicality (ρ = 0.69, p < 0.0001) than the judges’ score (ρ = 0.63, p = 0.0004), which showed little variability among the included dogs. Hair texture or colour were significantly associated in the three scores. The Fonni’s dog is confirmed as a well-distinguished breed, despite being selected mainly for its work abilities. The evaluation criteria used during dog expositions can be improved to increase their variability and include elements typical of the breed. The recovery of the Fonni’s dog would be possible only with a shared vision between the Italian kennel club and breeders, and the support of regional programs.
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- 2023
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14. Selection Signatures in Italian Livestock Guardian and Herding Shepherd Dogs
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Arianna Bionda, Matteo Cortellari, Daniele Bigi, Vincenzo Chiofalo, Luigi Liotta, and Paola Crepaldi
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selection signatures ,Italian shepherd dogs ,SNPs ,behavioural genes ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Livestock guardian (LGD) and herding shepherd (HSD) dogs have distinct morphological and behavioural characteristics, long selected by farmers and breeders, to accomplish different tasks. This study aimed to find the genomic regions that best differentiate and characterise Italian LGD and HSD. Genomic data of 158 dogs of four LGD and five HSD breeds, obtained with the 170K canine SNPchip, were collected. The two groups were compared using FST and XP-EHH analyses, identifying regions containing 29 genes. Moreover, 16 islands of runs of homozygosity were found in LGD, and 15 in HSD; 4 of them were partially shared. Among the genes found that better differentiated HSD and LGD, several were associated with dog domestication and behavioural aspects; particularly, MSRB3 and LLPH were linked to herding behaviour in previous studies. Others, DYSK, MAP2K5, and RYR, were related to body size and muscle development. Prick ears prevailed in sampled HSD, and drop ears in LGD; this explains the identification of WIF1 and MSRB3 genes. Unexpectedly, a number of genes were also associated with eye development and functionality. These results shed further light on the differences that human selection introduced in dogs aimed at different duties, even in a limited geographic area such as Italy.
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- 2022
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15. Evaluation of Chemical Contaminants in Conventional and Unconventional Ragusana Provola Cheese
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Luigi Liotta, Federica Litrenta, Vincenzo Lo Turco, Angela Giorgia Potortì, Vincenzo Lopreiato, Vincenzo Nava, Arianna Bionda, and Giuseppa Di Bella
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cheese ,olive cake ,bisphenols ,plasticizer ,pesticides ,food safety ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
Organic contaminants belonging to various classes (plasticizers, bisphenols, pesticides, PCBs, and PAHs,) were analyzed in samples of provola cheese produced from Friesian dairy cows fed with a conventional diet (group CTR), and an unconventional diet (group BIO) enriched with olive cake (OC). The results show that for most determined contaminants, the differences between the two diets were very slight, indicating that the contamination does not depend on the olive cake integrated in the unconventional diet. The results also indicate that the minimal contamination could result from environmental contamination or the production process. It can be concluded that unconventional provola is as safe for the consumer as conventional provola.
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- 2022
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16. Using Pedigree and Genomic Data toward Better Management of Inbreeding in Italian Dairy Sheep and Goat Breeds
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Matteo Cortellari, Alessio Negro, Arianna Bionda, Silverio Grande, Alberto Cesarani, Antonello Carta, Nicola Macciotta, Stefano Biffani, and Paola Crepaldi
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small ruminant ,inbreeding ,SNP ,pedigree ,genomic inbreeding ,runs of homozygosis ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
The inbreeding coefficient is an important parameter for livestock management. Small ruminant breeders and associations mainly rely on pedigree information, but genomic tools are gaining relevance, overcoming possible pedigree inconsistencies. This study investigates the relationship between pedigree-based and genomic inbreeding in two goat and four sheep dairy breeds. Pedigree and genomic data (medium-density SNPchip) were obtained for 3107 goats and 2511 sheep. We estimated pedigree depth (number of fully traced generations, FullGen) and inbreeding (FPED), as well as two genomic inbreeding indexes, using runs of the homozygosity (FROH) and genomic relationship matrix (FGRM). The correlation between the inbreeding coefficients was assessed. A linear regression model (LRM) was fitted for estimating FPED from FROH. After quality control on genomic data, we retained 5085 animals. Mean inbreeding values were low, with higher FROH than FPED and FGRM. Breed differences can partially depend on different managements. The correlation between FPED and FROH was the highest and directly related to pedigree depth. The best LRM was chosen for FullGen ≥4 and ≥6 for goats and sheep, respectively; after excluding animals with extreme residuals, a new refined regression equation was calculated. Since massive genotyping is not affordable to small ruminant breeders, it is important to understand the distinction and relationship between differently calculated inbreeding coefficients, also in view of the introduction of genomic enhanced breeding values. Our study highlights the importance of accurate pedigree information and, especially if not obtainable, of calculating genomic-based inbreeding coefficients. A better estimation of animals’ relatedness contributes to improve animal breeding and conservation.
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- 2022
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17. The yachting rule of art
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Giuditta Margherita Maria Ansaloni, Arianna Bionda, and Andrea Ratti
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yacht design ,art on board ,interior design ,interior yacht design ,yachting evolution ,Fine Arts ,History of the arts ,NX440-632 - Abstract
Art and architecture have been unbreakably linked together for centuries, and the question that spontaneously arises is why it cannot be the same for art and yacht design. The field in which the research is carried out is placed at the crossroads between art and architecture, of which yacht design can be considered a category. There is a lack of references to the artistic field in the yachting sector in literature, so the parallelism between architecture and “floating” architecture is performed: the ships are the emblem of closure, and the stylistic evolution has begun bearing fruit in recent years. The paper aims to outline the current state of the art of the relationship between art and yachting. The first part analyses the relationship between art and architecture, while the second part discusses art concerning naval design: here, the case studies analysis highlights how art onboard is still considered an accessory rather than a backbone of the project.
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- 2021
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18. Adaptive Responses of Thyroid Hormones, Insulin, and Glucose during Pregnancy and Lactation in Dairy Cows
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Esterina Fazio, Arianna Bionda, Vincenzo Chiofalo, Paola Crepaldi, Vincenzo Lopreiato, Pietro Medica, and Luigi Liotta
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thyroid hormones ,insulin ,glucose ,dairy cows ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
The study examined the effects of different stages of pregnancy and lactation on thyroid, insulin, and glucose responses in dairy cows. In the present study, 30 dairy cows (10 Holstein, 10 Simmental, and 10 Brown) at 30 ± 20 d of lactation were randomly selected and blood samples were collected once every 60 d for one year to measure circulating thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total and free triiodothyronines (T3, fT3) and thyroxines (T4, fT4), insulin, and glucose. Pregnant cows showed higher T4 (p = 0.010) and insulin (p = 0.046) concentrations at >180 d than at >60–120 d of pregnancy and in nonpregnant cows. Along the lactation phase, circulating T4 concentrations showed a biphasic trend, decreasing from 0–60 d to >60–120 d phase, which showed the lowest values, and then increasing until the end of lactation (>300 d) (p = 0.016). Glucose showed the highest concentrations at the start of lactation (0–120 days) and the lowest values at the end (p = 0.008). The monitoring of thyroid hormones, insulin, and glucose changes represents an important tool to evaluate the anabolic and/or catabolic adaptation in response to functional periods in dairy cows, which can potentially predispose the cows to an excessive negative energy balance and related metabolic issues.
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- 2022
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19. Laser Powder Bed Fusion of a Topology Optimized and Surface Textured Rudder Bulb with Lightweight and Drag-Reducing Design
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Alessandro Scarpellini, Valentina Finazzi, Paolo Schito, Arianna Bionda, Andrea Ratti, and Ali Gökhan Demir
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biomimetic design ,lightweight structure ,computer fluid dynamics ,design for additive manufacturing ,Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering ,VM1-989 ,Oceanography ,GC1-1581 - Abstract
This work demonstrates the advantages of using laser powder bed fusion for producing a rudder bulb of a moth class sailing racing boat via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The component was designed to reduce weight using an AlSi7Mg0.6 alloy and incorporated a biomimetic surface texture for drag reduction. For the topological optimization, the component was loaded structurally due to foil wing’s lift action as well as from the environment due to hydrodynamic resistance. The aim was to minimize core mass while preserving stiffness and the second to benefit from drag reduction capability in terms of passive surface behavior. The external surface texture is inspired by scales of the European sea bass. Both these features were embedded to the component and produced by LPBF in a single run, with the required resolution. Drag reduction was estimated in the order of 1% for free stream velocity of 2.5 m s−1. The production of the final part resulted in limited geometrical error with respect to scales 3D model, with the desired mechanical properties. A reduction in weight of approximately 58% with respect to original full solid model from 452 to 190 g was achieved thanks to core topology optimization. Sandblasting was adopted as finishing technique since it was able to improve surface quality while preserving fish scale geometries. The feasibility of producing the biomimetic surfaces and the weight reduction were validated with the produced full-sized component.
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Influence of Morphometry on Echocardiographic Measurements in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels: An Inverse Probability Weighting Analysis
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Mara Bagardi, Sara Ghilardi, Chiara Locatelli, Arianna Bionda, Michele Polli, Claudio M. Bussadori, Fabio M. Colombo, Laura Pazzagli, and Paola G. Brambilla
- Subjects
anterior mitral valve leaflet ,canine morphometry ,CKCS ,dog ,echocardiography ,myxomatous mitral valve disease ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
The development and progression of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) are difficult to predict. Thus, the identification of dogs with a morphotype associated with more severe mitral disease at a young age is desirable. The aims of this study were to: (1) describe the physical, morphometric, and echocardiographic features of class B1 MMVD-affected Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) according to the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) guidelines; (2) evaluate the influence of morphometric physical measurements on murmur intensity, mitral valve prolapse (MVP), regurgitant jet size, and indexed mitral valve and annulus measurements. Fifty-two MMVD-affected CKCS were included in the ACVIM class B1. This is a prospective clinical cross-sectional study. Morphometric measurements, which included the body, thorax, and head sizes of each dog, were investigated to establish the association with heart murmur intensity, valvular and annular echocardiographic measurements, MVP, and regurgitant jet size, using inverse probability weighting (IPW) analyses to adjust for confounding. The IPW analyses showed that when the head length and nose length decreased, dogs had a more severe regurgitant jet size. Furthermore, subjects with a more pronounced head stop angle had thicker anterior mitral valve leaflets. A brachycephalic morphotype, as seen in dogs similar to the King Charles Spaniel breed in terms of cephalic morphology, is associated with a more severe regurgitant jet size and with valvular characteristics that are related to the most severe forms of MMVD.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Author Correction: The climatic and genetic heritage of Italian goat breeds with genomic SNP data
- Author
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Matteo Cortellari, Mario Barbato, Andrea Talenti, Arianna Bionda, Antonello Carta, Roberta Ciampolini, Elena Ciani, Alessandra Crisà, Stefano Frattini, Emiliano Lasagna, Donata Marletta, Salvatore Mastrangelo, Alessio Negro, Ettore Randi, Francesca M. Sarti, Stefano Sartore, Dominga Soglia, Luigi Liotta, Alessandra Stella, Paolo Ajmone‑Marsan, Fabio Pilla, Licia Colli, and Paola Crepaldi
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Thyroid and Lipidic Profiles in Nicastrese Goats (Capra hircus) during Pregnancy and Postpartum Period
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Luigi Liotta, Arianna Bionda, Marco Quartuccio, Floro De Nardo, Rosanna Visalli, and Esterina Fazio
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goat ,pregnancy ,lactation ,thyroid function ,lipidic panel ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
This study aimed to determine the thyroid and lipid profiles in 30 Nicastrese goats, along different physiological periods: before mating (nonpregnant goats), during the whole pregnancy (pregnant goats), and during postpartum and early lactation (milking goats). Blood samples were collected monthly from March 2020 to January 2021. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total and free triiodothyronine (T3, fT3), and thyroxine (T4, fT4) concentrations were measured using immunoenzymatic assay kits and serum lipid panels (triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (tCho)) by enzymatic colorimetric method; very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL Cho) was calculated. Pregnant and milking goats showed the lower T3 (p < 0.0002) and T4 (p < 0.0005) concentrations, with lower BCS (p < 0.001) only in pregnant ones. Milking goats showed tCho (p < 0.006) concentrations lower than nonpregnant ones, and TG and VLDL Cho (p < 0.001) lower than both pregnant and nonpregnant goats. T4:T3 and T3:fT3 were significantly and positively correlated in both pregnancy and lactation. Under similar environmental, nutrition, and management conditions, different physiological phases play a significant role in the thyroid and lipid profiles in Nicastrese goats. These endocrine and metabolic resources could contribute to the knowledge useful for the salvage of this endangered, local, native breed.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Do You Think I Am Living Well? A Four-Season Hair Cortisol Analysis on Leisure Horses in Different Housing and Management Conditions
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Silvia Michela Mazzola, Carla Colombani, Giulia Pizzamiglio, Simona Cannas, Clara Palestrini, Emanuela Dalla Costa, Alessia Libera Gazzonis, Arianna Bionda, and Paola Crepaldi
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horses management ,welfare ,paddock ,natural horsemanship ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
The satisfaction of leisure horses’ behavioral needs has begun to be considered a priority, linked to the awareness that horses kept in single boxes may be deprived of social contact and the possibility to perform natural behaviors. Several factors may influence horses’ quality of life also in the paddock, and there are very few data on the effects of those variables on leisure horses’ chronic stress, measurable in terms of activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis. Therefore, managerial choices faced by owners and stables managers are only based on experience, common sense, and anecdotal beliefs. This study assessed and compared the chronic stress levels in leisure horses hosted in structures in the same geographic and climatic area with different daily routines to verify which management strategy could be the one that better contributes to achieving the welfare of horses. Forty-seven horses were divided into three groups homogeneous in terms of sex and age: Mixed management group (n = 12), Paddock group (n = 19), and Natural management group (n = 16). The hair cortisol concentration, a reliable marker of long-term stress, was analyzed in all the horses the same day at four time points of the year. In addition to management strategies, the influences of other variables (sex, age, coat color, and season) were evaluated. Independently from the management strategies, significantly higher hair cortisol values were detected in the autumn and summer, as well as in individuals older than 15 years. No significant differences were highlighted between the sexes or the coat colors. The comparison of the different management strategies showed that, in the summer, autumn, and winter, the hair cortisol levels were significantly lower in the Mixed management group horses than the Paddock group, highlighting that those subjects had better homeostasis. The Natural management group horses’ hair cortisol levels were intermediate between the other two groups of horses in all the seasons. Spending the night in the stables would seem to positively impact the well-being of the horses. These findings, if confirmed by further studies, may be helpful in enhancing horse welfare and assisting in managerial choice decision-making.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. A Genomic Study of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
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Arianna Bionda, Matteo Cortellari, Mara Bagardi, Stefano Frattini, Alessio Negro, Chiara Locatelli, Paola Giuseppina Brambilla, and Paola Crepaldi
- Subjects
genetics ,mitral valve disease ,dogs ,cavalier King Charles spaniel ,cardiology ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCSs) show the earliest onset and the highest incidence of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Previous studies have suggested a polygenic inheritance of the disease in this breed and revealed an association with regions on canine chromosomes 13 and 14. Following clinical and echocardiographic examinations, 33 not-directly-related CKCSs were selected and classified as cases (n = 16) if MMVD was present before 5 years of age or as controls (n = 17) if no or very mild MMVD was present after 5 years of age. DNA was extracted from whole blood and genotyped with a Canine 230K SNP BeadChip instrument. Cases and controls were compared with three complementary genomic analyses (Wright’s fixation index—FST, cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity—XP-EHH, and runs of homozygosity—ROH) to identify differences in terms of heterozygosity and regions of homozygosity. The top 1% single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected and mapped, and the genes were thoroughly investigated. Ten consensus genes were found localized on chromosomes 3-11-14-19, partially confirming previous studies. The HEPACAM2, CDK6, and FAH genes, related to the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway and heart development, also emerged in the ROH analysis. In conclusion, this work expands the knowledge of the genetic basis of MMVD by identifying genes involved in the early onset of MMVD in CKCSs.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Mitral Valve in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
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Mara Bagardi, Arianna Bionda, Chiara Locatelli, Matteo Cortellari, Stefano Frattini, Alessio Negro, Paola Crepaldi, and Paola Giuseppina Brambilla
- Subjects
myxomatous mitral valve disease ,Cavalier King Charles Spaniels ,echocardiography ,anterior mitral valve leaflet ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
This prospective cross-sectional study aimed to: (1) characterize echocardiographic features of mitral valve in MMVD affected Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS), focusing on dogs classified as American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) class B1; (2) compare echocardiographic data in ACVIM B1 dogs divided on the basis of age at time of MMVD diagnosis, in order to understand if different aged subjects had different echocardiographic patterns. Length (AMVL), width (AMVW) and area (AMVA) of the anterior mitral valve leaflet, mitral valve prolapse, diameters of the mitral valve annulus in diastole (MVAd) and systole (MVAs) of 90 CKCS in different ACVIM classes, 64 of which in class B1, were measured. Valvular measurements were indexed to body weight using Wesselowski’s scaling exponents. The presence of heart murmur did not discriminate between A and B1 classes (p = 0.128). Heart enlargement was more frequent in males (r2 = 0.07, p = 0.013). Within class B1, older subjects showed significantly higher values of AMVA, AMVW, MVAd, MVAs and lower sphericity index (SI). Since many CKCS with MMVD have no murmur and their mitral valve has peculiarities, a specifically designed echocardiographic screening should be realized. In addition, different aged B1 dogs have different echocardiographic patterns that may imply different genetic and prognostic profiles.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Sustainability in Yacht and Vessel Design Through Smart Spaces: Opportunities Offered by Digital Technologies and New Materiality.
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Giuseppe Carmosino, Arianna Bionda, and Andrea Ratti
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Digital Technologies in Expanding the Boundaries Through Immersive Spaces: Case Studies in Vessel and Yacht Design.
- Author
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Giuseppe Carmosino, Arianna Bionda, Silvia Piardi, and Andrea Ratti
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- 2020
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28. Design for ICS Materials: A Tentative Methodology for Interactive, Connected, and Smart Materials Applied to Yacht Design.
- Author
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Stefano Parisi, Arianna Bionda, Andrea Ratti, and Valentina Rognoli
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- 2019
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29. Exploring Scenarios for ICS Materials in the Yacht Design Framework.
- Author
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Arianna Bionda and Andrea Ratti
- Published
- 2018
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30. Effects of Dietary Enrichment with Olive Cake on the Thyroid and Adrenocortical Responses in Growing Beef Calves
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Lopreiato, Esterina Fazio, Arianna Bionda, Vincenzo Chiofalo, Deborah La Fauci, Cinzia Randazzo, Alessandra Pino, Paola Crepaldi, George Attard, Luigi Liotta, and Vincenzo
- Subjects
beef cattle ,thyroid hormones ,cortisol ,olive cake ,by-products ,circular economy ,growth - Abstract
Agro-industrial by-products incorporated into livestock feed formulations can positively impact feed costs and promote a circular bio-economy. Italy produces significant amounts of olive cake (OC), a by-product of olive oil extraction, with the potential for incorporation into bovine diets. However, information on its effects on endocrine responses in growing beef calves is lacking. Forty-eight Limousines randomly allocated to dietary treatment (control or 10%-OC or 15%-OC inclusion) were segregated according to sex and body weight. Serum concentrations of TSH, thyroid hormones, and cortisol were measured on day 0, day 56, and at the end of the trial on day 147. Circulating TSH, total (T3, T4) and free (fT3, fT4) iodothyronines, and cortisol concentrations were all within the normal physiological ranges, with no significant effect imparted by diet. However, the diet × time interaction was significant for T3. The cortisol, T3, T4, and fT4 registered on day 147 were higher than those of day 56, and cortisol was higher in heifers than bulls. Final body weight was positively correlated with TSH and T3 and negatively with cortisol concentration. These findings suggest that the inclusion of OC at levels up to 15% in growing/finishing beef diets had no adverse effects on the calves’ thyroid and cortical status.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Steroid hormonal endpoints in goats carrying single or twin fetuses reared in semi-extensive systems
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Luigi Liotta, Arianna Bionda, Deborah La Fauci, Marco Quartuccio, Rosanna Visalli, and Esterina Fazio
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Science ,Settore AGR/17 - Zootecnica Generale e Miglioramento Genetico ,Religious studies ,Agriculture ,SF1-1100 ,Animal culture ,QL1-991 ,Settore VET/02 - Fisiologia Veterinaria ,Original Study ,Steroid hormonal ,Nicastrese goats ,immunoenzymatic assay kits ,Zoology - Abstract
The study provides baseline data regarding 17-β-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and cortisol profile of 30 Nicastrese goats during different physiological periods. Animals were evaluated monthly from the pre-mating period (non-pregnant), during pregnancy, and from 30 to 105 d of lactation. The effects of single or twin births and the kid's sex were also considered. Serum E2, P4, and cortisol concentrations were measured using immunoenzymatic assay kits. The highest concentrations of E2 and P4 (P) were found during pregnancy and their lowest values (P) in the non-pregnant period. E2 was negatively correlated with P4 (r=-0.41; P) during lactation. The mothers with twin kids showed the highest concentration of P4 (P) at > 95–115 d of gestation and the lowest of E2 (P) at > 50–70 d of lactation. Pregnant goats carrying male kid(s) presented the highest E2 concentrations (P) at > 130–150 d of gestation. Different physiological conditions induced a temporal relationship with the endocrine profile in Nicastrese goats. Understanding the effects of single or twin fetuses on the gestation and lactation will also be helpful to improve the managemental approach for the health of mothers and their kids.
- Published
- 2021
32. Using Pedigree and Genomic Data toward Better Management of Inbreeding in Italian Dairy Sheep and Goat Breeds
- Author
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Crepaldi, Matteo Cortellari, Alessio Negro, Arianna Bionda, Silverio Grande, Alberto Cesarani, Antonello Carta, Nicola Macciotta, Stefano Biffani, and Paola
- Subjects
small ruminant ,inbreeding ,SNP ,pedigree ,genomic inbreeding ,runs of homozygosis ,FROH - Abstract
The inbreeding coefficient is an important parameter for livestock management. Small ruminant breeders and associations mainly rely on pedigree information, but genomic tools are gaining relevance, overcoming possible pedigree inconsistencies. This study investigates the relationship between pedigree-based and genomic inbreeding in two goat and four sheep dairy breeds. Pedigree and genomic data (medium-density SNPchip) were obtained for 3107 goats and 2511 sheep. We estimated pedigree depth (number of fully traced generations, FullGen) and inbreeding (FPED), as well as two genomic inbreeding indexes, using runs of the homozygosity (FROH) and genomic relationship matrix (FGRM). The correlation between the inbreeding coefficients was assessed. A linear regression model (LRM) was fitted for estimating FPED from FROH. After quality control on genomic data, we retained 5085 animals. Mean inbreeding values were low, with higher FROH than FPED and FGRM. Breed differences can partially depend on different managements. The correlation between FPED and FROH was the highest and directly related to pedigree depth. The best LRM was chosen for FullGen ≥4 and ≥6 for goats and sheep, respectively; after excluding animals with extreme residuals, a new refined regression equation was calculated. Since massive genotyping is not affordable to small ruminant breeders, it is important to understand the distinction and relationship between differently calculated inbreeding coefficients, also in view of the introduction of genomic enhanced breeding values. Our study highlights the importance of accurate pedigree information and, especially if not obtainable, of calculating genomic-based inbreeding coefficients. A better estimation of animals’ relatedness contributes to improve animal breeding and conservation.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. yachting rule of art
- Author
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Giuditta Margherita Maria Ansaloni, Andrea Ratti, and Arianna Bionda
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Yachting ,Engineering ,Parallelism (rhetoric) ,State (polity) ,business.industry ,Field (Bourdieu) ,Emblem ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Architecture ,business ,Interior design ,media_common ,Visual arts - Abstract
Art and architecture have been unbreakably linked together for centuries, and the question that spontaneously arises is why it cannot be the same for art and yacht design. The field in which the research is carried out is placed at the crossroads between art and architecture, of which yacht design can be considered a category. There is a lack of references to the artistic field in the yachting sector in literature, so the parallelism between architecture and “floating” architecture is performed: the ships are the emblem of closure, and the stylistic evolution has begun bearing fruit in recent years. The paper aims to outline the current state of the art of the relationship between art and yachting. The first part analyses the relationship between art and architecture, while the second part discusses art concerning naval design: here, the case studies analysis highlights how art onboard is still considered an accessory rather than a backbone of the project.
- Published
- 2021
34. Genomic variability of Cirneco dell’Etna and the genetic distance with other dog breeds
- Author
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Paola Crepaldi, Simone Ceccobelli, Andrea Talenti, Matteo Cortellari, Arianna Bionda, George Attard, Luigi Liotta, and Emiliano Lasagna
- Subjects
040301 veterinary sciences ,autochthonous breeds ,genetic biodiversity ,genomic inbreeding ,Italian dog breed ,SNPs ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Runs of Homozygosity ,Biology ,SF1-1100 ,0403 veterinary science ,Loss of heterozygosity ,Dog breeds -- Italy ,Italian dog breed, SNPs, genomic inbreeding, genetic biodiversity, autochthonous breeds ,Inbreeding ,italian dog breed ,snps ,Genetic diversity ,0402 animal and dairy science ,food and beverages ,Genomics ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Breed ,Animal culture ,Fixation (population genetics) ,Genes ,Genetic distance ,Evolutionary biology ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
Cirneco dell’Etna is an old Italian breed of scent hunting dogs. Commonly used genomic measures such as heterozygosity, fixation indexes, and runs of homozygosity can help to improve knowledge about its genetic diversity. This study aimed to: (i) investigate Cirneco’s genomic background, (ii) quantify its genomic inbreeding, and (iii) detect genomic regions differentiating the Cirneco’s two allowed coat colours, self-coloured fawn and tan and white. Canine 230K SNP BeadChips was used to investigate 24 Cirneco (19 self-coloured fawn, and 5 tan and white) and other 106 dogs from eight phylogenetically and historically related breeds. The genetic distance, ancestry, and relationship among breeds were explored by multidimensional scaling, Reynolds distances, phylogenetic tree, and admixture analysis. The genomic inbreeding (FROH) was calculated for each breed. Averaged Wright’s fixation index FST was used to identify the genes that most differentiated the two groups of Cirneco. All analyses highlighted that Segugio Italiano and Kelb tal Fenek are the closest breeds to Cirneco. Within the breed, tan and white subjects showed a more heterogeneous genetic background and a lower inbreeding in comparison with self-coloured fawn ones, even though more than half of the latter presented a superimposable admixture. The gene that most differentiated these two groups is Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor (MITF), previously associated with white spotting in other breeds. Given the small size of the Cirneco population and its open registry, its management should carefully combine morphological and genealogical evaluations with genetic tools to identify the best breeders while maintaining an acceptable genetic pool., peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2021
35. Yacht Digital Design: Technologies toward a Computational Morphology System
- Author
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Arianna Bionda and Andrea Ratti
- Abstract
The huge transformation fostered by the current industrial revolution is changing each side of our society. In the design field, the use of digital and connected technologies improves not only the representation but also the formal references and the creative process itself. The research investigates the role of the digitally enabled technologies in modifying the disciplinary approaches to yacht design, a particular field of industrial design in which engineering and design approaches are mixed and overlapped. Through case studies and forecasting workshops, the research proposes a journey toward a more digitally conscious and virtually collaborative environment, highlighting as the traditional process of the yacht design discipline is no more valid. The research results, presented in the form of three roadmaps, show as 4.0 digital technologies are deeply transforming not only the representation of a design project but also its formal references and tools. For this reason, the three possible shifts in the yacht design practices are highlighted—input data are moving from analogic to digital reframing the focus from the measuring to inferring, the use of parametric and generative tools is shifting the “digital doing” from drafting to logic, digital twins are modifying the approach to communication media toward more collaborative strategies.
- Published
- 2022
36. Changes of acute-phase proteins, glucose, and lipid metabolism during pregnancy in lactating dairy cows
- Author
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Esterina Fazio, Arianna Bionda, Luigi Liotta, Annalisa Amato, Vincenzo Chiofalo, Paola Crepaldi, Katiuska Satué, Vincenzo Lopreiato, UCH. Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, and Producción Científica UCH 2022
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Ganado vacuno lechero - Lactancia y destete ,Gestación ,Religious studies ,Dairy cattle - Metabolism ,Metabolismo animal ,Dairy cattle - Breastfeeding and weaning ,Original Study ,Pregnancy ,Ganado vacuno lechero - Metabolismo ,Animal metabolism - Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of different stages of lactation (0 to > 300 d) and pregnancy (0 to > 180 d) on serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose, total cholesterol (TCho), and triglyceride (TG) concentrations in dairy cows of different breeds. Thus, 40 healthy multiparous cows (10 Holstein, 10 Simmental, 10 Brown, and 10 Modicana) were randomly selected, and blood samples were collected once every 60 d for 1 year. Overall, SAA and CRP serum concentrations progressively increased and became more variable along the lactation, peaking at > 240–300 d, and then decreased in the last period (> 300 d). Along pregnancy, SAA and CRP initially increased, with the highest concentrations at > 60–120 d, and then decreased until the last phase of pregnancy (> 180 d). However, lactation and gestation phases did not significantly affect SAA and CRP when all the cows were analyzed together. A significant and positive correlation was observed between SAA and CRP both along lactation (r=0.89; p<0.0001) and pregnancy (r=0.91; p<0.0001). Breeds only showed differences in CRP levels along gestation (p=0.0102), due to a peak registered at 0–60 d in Holstein cows. In pregnant cows, glucose was positively correlated with SAA (r=0.43; p=0.0017) and CRP (r=0.42; p=0.0019). Hence, these significant and positive relationships reflect the physiological adaptations of the dairy cows along both gestational and lactational dynamics, suggesting that these proteins may also be involved in non-pathological processes. In this perspective, this study established that the obtained response markedly varies among healthy individuals along lactation and gestation and thus that the physiological range of acute-phase proteins (APPs) is wide; this makes it difficult to use these proteins as a marker of different physiological reproductive and productive periods.
- Published
- 2022
37. Influence of Morphometry on Echocardiographic Measurements in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels: An Inverse Probability Weighting Analysis
- Author
-
Brambilla, Mara Bagardi, Sara Ghilardi, Chiara Locatelli, Arianna Bionda, Michele Polli, Claudio Bussadori, Fabio Colombo, Laura Pazzagli, and Paola
- Subjects
cardiovascular system ,cardiovascular diseases ,anterior mitral valve leaflet ,canine morphometry ,CKCS ,dog ,echocardiography ,myxomatous mitral valve disease - Abstract
The development and progression of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) are difficult to predict. Thus, the identification of dogs with a morphotype associated with more severe mitral disease at a young age is desirable. The aims of this study were to: (1) describe the physical, morphometric, and echocardiographic features of class B1 MMVD-affected Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) according to the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) guidelines; (2) evaluate the influence of morphometric physical measurements on murmur intensity, mitral valve prolapse (MVP), regurgitant jet size, and indexed mitral valve and annulus measurements. Fifty-two MMVD-affected CKCS were included in the ACVIM class B1. This is a prospective clinical cross-sectional study. Morphometric measurements, which included the body, thorax, and head sizes of each dog, were investigated to establish the association with heart murmur intensity, valvular and annular echocardiographic measurements, MVP, and regurgitant jet size, using inverse probability weighting (IPW) analyses to adjust for confounding. The IPW analyses showed that when the head length and nose length decreased, dogs had a more severe regurgitant jet size. Furthermore, subjects with a more pronounced head stop angle had thicker anterior mitral valve leaflets. A brachycephalic morphotype, as seen in dogs similar to the King Charles Spaniel breed in terms of cephalic morphology, is associated with a more severe regurgitant jet size and with valvular characteristics that are related to the most severe forms of MMVD.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Author Correction: The climatic and genetic heritage of Italian goat breeds with genomic SNP data
- Author
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Paolo Ajmone-Marsan, Fabio Pilla, Alessandra Crisà, Salvatore Mastrangelo, Arianna Bionda, A. Negro, Luigi Liotta, Stefano Frattini, Andrea Talenti, Elena Ciani, Matteo Cortellari, Ettore Randi, Donata Marletta, Mario Barbato, Stefano Sartore, Emiliano Lasagna, Licia Colli, Alessandra Stella, Roberta Ciampolini, Antonello Carta, Francesca Maria Sarti, Dominga Soglia, and Paola Crepaldi
- Subjects
Snp data ,Multidisciplinary ,Genotype ,Science ,Goats ,Genomics ,Biology ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Genetics, Population ,Evolutionary biology ,Medicine ,Animals ,Selection, Genetic ,Author Correction - Abstract
Local adaptation of animals to the environment can abruptly become a burden when faced with rapid climatic changes such as those foreseen for the Italian peninsula over the next 70 years. Our study investigates the genetic structure of the Italian goat populations and links it with the environment and how genetics might evolve over the next 50 years. We used one of the largest national datasets including 1000 goats from 33 populations across the Italian peninsula collected by the Italian Goat Consortium and genotyped with over 50 k markers. Our results showed that Italian goats can be discriminated in three groups reflective of the Italian geography and its geo-political situation preceding the country unification around two centuries ago. We leveraged the remarkable genetic and geographical diversity of the Italian goat populations and performed landscape genomics analysis to disentangle the relationship between genotype and environment, finding 64 SNPs intercepting genomic regions linked to growth, circadian rhythm, fertility, and inflammatory response. Lastly, we calculated the hypothetical future genotypic frequencies of the most relevant SNPs identified through landscape genomics to evaluate their long-term effect on the genetic structure of the Italian goat populations. Our results provide an insight into the past and the future of the Italian local goat populations, helping the institutions in defining new conservation strategy plans that could preserve their diversity and their link to local realities challenged by climate change.
- Published
- 2021
39. Echocardiographic mitral valve association with morphometric measurements in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels via Inverse Probability Weighting analysis
- Author
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Arianna Bionda, Sara Ghilardi, Paola Brambilla, Laura Pazzagli, Fabio Colombo, Michele Polli, C. Bussadori, Chiara Locatelli, and Mara Bagardi
- Subjects
Thorax ,medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,business.industry ,Inverse probability weighting ,biology.animal_breed ,Mitral disease ,medicine.disease ,Young age ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Internal medicine ,Mitral valve ,cardiovascular system ,Heart murmur ,Cardiology ,Medicine ,Mitral valve prolapse ,cardiovascular diseases ,medicine.symptom ,business ,King Charles Spaniel - Abstract
Development and progression of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) are difficult to predict. Identification at a young age of dogs with a morphotype associated with more severe mitral disease is desirable. The aims of this study were to: 1) describe the physical, morphometric, and echocardiographic features of MMVD affected Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) in American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) class B1; 2) evaluate the influence of morphometric physical measurements on murmur intensity, mitral valve prolapse (MVP), regurgitant jet size and indexed mitral valve and annulus measurements. Fifty-two MMVD affected CKCS in ACVIM class B1 were included. This is a prospective clinical cross-sectional study. Morphometric measurements, which included body, thorax, and the head sizing of each dog, have been investigated to establish the association with heart murmur intensity, valvular and annular echocardiographic measurements, MVP and regurgitant jet size using inverse probability weighting (IPW) analyses to adjust for confounding. The IPW analyses showed that when head length and nose length decreased, dogs had more severe regurgitant jet size. Furthermore, subjects with more pronounced head stop angle had thicker anterior mitral valve leaflets. A brachycephalic morphotype, with dogs more similar to King Charles Spaniel breed in cephalic morphology, is associated with a more severe regurgitant jet size and with valvular characteristics related to worse forms of MMVD.
- Published
- 2021
40. Thyroid and lipidic profiles in nicastrese goats (Capra hircus) during pregnancy and postpartum period
- Author
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Rosanna Visalli, Arianna Bionda, Marco Quartuccio, Floro De Nardo, Luigi Liotta, and Esterina Fazio
- Subjects
Thyroid function ,Very low-density lipoprotein ,Veterinary medicine ,Settore AGR/17 - Zootecnica Generale e Miglioramento Genetico ,Biology ,Milking ,Animal science ,Pregnancy ,Lactation ,SF600-1100 ,medicine ,Goat ,Lipidic panel ,General Veterinary ,Thyroid ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,QL1-991 ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Zoology ,Postpartum period ,Hormone - Abstract
This study aimed to determine the thyroid and lipid profiles in 30 Nicastrese goats, along different physiological periods: before mating (nonpregnant goats), during the whole pregnancy (pregnant goats), and during postpartum and early lactation (milking goats). Blood samples were collected monthly from March 2020 to January 2021. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total and free triiodothyronine (T3, fT3), and thyroxine (T4, fT4) concentrations were measured using immunoenzymatic assay kits and serum lipid panels (triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (tCho)) by enzymatic colorimetric method, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL Cho) was calculated. Pregnant and milking goats showed the lower T3 (p <, 0.0002) and T4 (p <, 0.0005) concentrations, with lower BCS (p <, 0.001) only in pregnant ones. Milking goats showed tCho (p <, 0.006) concentrations lower than nonpregnant ones, and TG and VLDL Cho (p <, 0.001) lower than both pregnant and nonpregnant goats. T4:T3 and T3:fT3 were significantly and positively correlated in both pregnancy and lactation. Under similar environmental, nutrition, and management conditions, different physiological phases play a significant role in the thyroid and lipid profiles in Nicastrese goats. These endocrine and metabolic resources could contribute to the knowledge useful for the salvage of this endangered, local, native breed.
- Published
- 2021
41. From phenotypical to genomic characterisation of the mannara dog: an italian shepherd canine resource
- Author
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Paola Crepaldi, A. Negro, Luigi Liotta, Arianna Bionda, and Matteo Cortellari
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snps ,Genetic diversity ,Resource (biology) ,biology ,effective population size ,genetic biodiversity ,inbreeding ,Italian dog breed ,SNPs ,biology.organism_classification ,SF1-1100 ,Animal culture ,Effective population size ,Evolutionary biology ,Italian Shepherd ,Animal Science and Zoology ,italian dog breed ,Flock ,Inbreeding - Abstract
Mannara dogs have long been bred in Sicily (Italy) to work alongside shepherds as flock guardians. This study provides a morphologic, genealogic, and genomic characterisation of the Mannara dog, useful in light of its recognition process and to improve the breed standard. Morphologic measurements of body, head, and chest were taken on 111 adult Mannara dogs. The whole population pedigree was used to calculate the inbreeding coefficient (F) and five effective population size (Ne) parameters. Twelve Mannara dogs were genotyped using the Canine 230 K SNP BeadChips and compared with Maremma sheepdog, Caucasian shepherd dog, Cane Corso Italiano, and Neapolitan mastiff for population structure, heterozygosity, and runs of homozygosity. The morphometric evaluation showed that Mannara dogs generally accords with the provisional standard and can be classified as a large/giant, meso-dolicomorphic, and mesocephalic breed. The population consists of 375 individuals, one third of which are founders and the remaining belong to 58 litters; presenting low inbreeding (F = 0.7%) and balanced sires and dams. The Ne estimates range widely: two (NeN=159 and NeFi=50) exceed the FCI limit for breed recognition and one (NeCi=25) did not. Genetically, all the included populations are well distinct, with the Maremma sheepdog being the nearest to the Mannara dog. Five Mannara have a single ancestral component, while the others show higher admixed proportions. The genomic inbreeding and heterozygosity confirm the good management of the breed. Our analyses suggest that the Mannara breed should continue the recognition process, pivotal to preserving an invaluable canine resource for the Sicilian agriculture.HighlightsThe morphometric measurements of Mannara dogs generally accords with the provisional standard.The pedigree analysis reveals that the population is well managed and meets the criteria for FCI recognition.The Mannara dog presents a unique genomic background. The morphometric measurements of Mannara dogs generally accords with the provisional standard. The pedigree analysis reveals that the population is well managed and meets the criteria for FCI recognition. The Mannara dog presents a unique genomic background.
- Published
- 2021
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42. Digital Technologies in Expanding the Boundaries Through Immersive Spaces: Case Studies in Vessel and Yacht Design
- Author
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Arianna Bionda, Andrea Ratti, S. Piardi, and Giuseppe Carmosino
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Vessel & ,Architectural engineering ,Reflection (computer programming) ,Divergence (linguistics) ,Emerging technologies ,Computer science ,Cruise ,Perspective (graphical) ,Yacht design ,Immersive experiences ,Vessel & Yacht design ,Maritime industry ,Key (cryptography) ,Digital technologies - Abstract
New VR and AR environments have been gradually coming in the world of the pleasure maritime industry implying new possibilities of experiences for costumers. In this perspective, the paper investigates the potential role of digital technology in expanding or shifting the physical boundaries of a cruise vessel or a yacht. Through case studies analysis, the study presents a reflection on the state of the art of virtual, augmented and merged reality environments in the sector, highlighting both the key concept of convergence vs divergence between the physical and digital worlds, and the purposes in technology enhancing. The results point-out how new technologies are breaking down the barriers made up of a simple physical fitting, expanding the boundaries through the use of immersive experiences, even if future scenarios are still open in the cross sectorial purpose of VR, AR and MR technology use.
- Published
- 2020
43. Genetic trend of the junctional epidermolysis bullosa in the German shorthaired pointer in Italy
- Author
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Stefano, Frattini, Michele, Polli, Matteo, Cortellari, Alessio, Negro, Arianna, Bionda, Jacopo, Riva, Rita, Rizzi, Stefano, Marelli, and Paola, Crepaldi
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disease control ,integumentary system ,dog ,molecular genetics ,JEB ,Original Research - Abstract
Background Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a hereditary heterogeneous group of mechanobullous disorders caused by mutations in several structural skin proteins observed in both humans and animals. In this work, we report the incidence and the genetic trend of the junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB), a major type of EB, in the Italian German Shorthaired Pointer (GSPs) population in a 10 years span. Methods In this study, we monitored the genetic trend of JEB in the Italian population of the GSPs from 2009 to 2018 in 750 animals. The studied mutation was the insertion (4818+207 ins 6.5 kb) of repetitive satellite DNA within intron 35 of the LAMA3 gene. Results Allele frequencies showed a reduction of the mutated (C) allele during the years, with the only exception of 2017, when 13 dogs were diagnosed as carrier for the genetic pathology. A regression logistic analysis was performed, including sex, coat colour and their interaction. Our results showed that there was a statistically significant association with coat colour. Conclusions The simplicity and the low cost of the analysis for the detection of this pathology suggests that a deeper identification of carrier dogs will allow better breeding strategies and management, leading to a rapid JEB eradication.
- Published
- 2020
44. Laser Powder Bed Fusion of a Topology Optimized and Surface Textured Rudder Bulb with Lightweight and Drag-Reducing Design
- Author
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Andrea Ratti, Paolo Schito, Valentina Finazzi, Alessandro Scarpellini, Ali Gökhan Demir, and Arianna Bionda
- Subjects
Fusion ,Materials science ,computer fluid dynamics ,Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering ,lightweight structure ,Topology optimization ,design for additive manufacturing ,VM1-989 ,Mechanical engineering ,Ocean Engineering ,GC1-1581 ,Surface finish ,Rudder ,Oceanography ,Lift (force) ,Drag ,biomimetic design ,Reduction (mathematics) ,FOIL method ,Water Science and Technology ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
This work demonstrates the advantages of using laser powder bed fusion for producing a rudder bulb of a moth class sailing racing boat via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The component was designed to reduce weight using an AlSi7Mg0.6 alloy and incorporated a biomimetic surface texture for drag reduction. For the topological optimization, the component was loaded structurally due to foil wing’s lift action as well as from the environment due to hydrodynamic resistance. The aim was to minimize core mass while preserving stiffness and the second to benefit from drag reduction capability in terms of passive surface behavior. The external surface texture is inspired by scales of the European sea bass. Both these features were embedded to the component and produced by LPBF in a single run, with the required resolution. Drag reduction was estimated in the order of 1% for free stream velocity of 2.5 m s−1. The production of the final part resulted in limited geometrical error with respect to scales 3D model, with the desired mechanical properties. A reduction in weight of approximately 58% with respect to original full solid model from 452 to 190 g was achieved thanks to core topology optimization. Sandblasting was adopted as finishing technique since it was able to improve surface quality while preserving fish scale geometries. The feasibility of producing the biomimetic surfaces and the weight reduction were validated with the produced full-sized component.
- Published
- 2021
45. The NautICS Materials workshop: teaching and learning Interactive, Connected, and Smart Materials for Yacht Design
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Valentina Rognoli, Arianna Bionda, Andrea Ratti, and Stefano Parisi
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Engineering ,Multimedia ,business.industry ,Design education ,Smart material ,business ,computer.software_genre ,computer - Published
- 2019
46. Design for ICS Materials: A Tentative Methodology for Interactive, Connected, and Smart Materials Applied to Yacht Design
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Valentina Rognoli, Andrea Ratti, Arianna Bionda, and Stefano Parisi
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Structure (mathematical logic) ,Computer science ,Systems engineering ,ICS Materials Materials experience Yacht design Design tools ,Future application ,Acronym ,Technological advance ,Advanced materials ,Smart material ,Design space ,Domain (software engineering) - Abstract
The domain of materials for design is changing under the influence of an increasingly technological advancement, which brings miniaturization of technology and material augmentation with the use of sensors, actuators, and microprocessors. Examples of new hybrid material systems with dynamic and computational qualities are increasingly emerging. These are called ICS Materials, an acronym that stands for Interactive, Connected, and Smart. While laboratories and designers around the world are experimenting with these new advanced materials, there is the need to forecast their potentials in the design space and to reflect on their future application critically. This paper drafts the main theoretical foundations and depicts the workshop ‘NautICS Materials’ – ICS Materials for the Nautical sector – by its objectives, structure, methodology, tools, and results, in order to present a model to transfer to other sectors or to scale up in larger experimental and applied actions for the integration of smart materials in the design space.
- Published
- 2019
47. An Evaluation of Furniture Making Methods for Yachts
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Arianna Bionda, Emre Ergul, Sebastiano Ercoli, and Andrea Ratti
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Architectural engineering ,Engineering ,Scope (project management) ,Process (engineering) ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Mock-up System ,Yacht Design ,Computer Controlled Furniture Making ,Empirical research ,Work (electrical) ,Boat Furniture ,Materials Chemistry ,Boat Furniture, Yacht Design, On-Site Furniture Making, Mock-up System, Computer Controlled Furniture Making ,Quality (business) ,Operations management ,Product (category theory) ,On-Site Furniture Making ,Set (psychology) ,business ,media_common ,Qualitative research - Abstract
There are mainly three different methods of furniture making for yachts as on-site method, mock-up method and computerized method. On-site method is the oldest and traditional way which has been developed by old talented wooden boat builders. In fact, the method is still alive in many small boatyards where the artisans apply the techniques learned by their masters. Mock-up method separates the construction process into two: boat building and furniture making. Hull, bulkheads, engines installation, mechanical and electrical infrastructure, all are made by a boatyard and furnitures are made by a sub-contractor, which indicates the furniture making is a specialization. Computerized method is the advanced way, developed in the last decade. All furnitures are drawn phase by phase by the sub-contractor's design team in detail and after the drawings are approved, production starts. Time planning, a clear definition of work sharing and responsibility are the key issues of this contemporary system. Within the scope of this study, all methods are explained widely. This study depends on an empirical research realized in furniture making companies and boatyards. Knowledge gained by both unstructured observations of making processes and interviews with responsible persons. Data is evaluated by qualitative methods. It is an attempt to understand the case and in line with its complementary understanding approach, a deductions set is given together with the observations and interviews in each making method. Then, four variables are determined to evaluate the furniture making methods: a. boat size and purpose of use, b. equipment and organizational capacity of furniture company, c. making time, and d. tolerance for decision changes. As a conclusion, three different methods of furniture makingdemonstrate three different work scales, but not the quality of end product.
- Published
- 2017
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