10 results on '"Arenas, Ana M."'
Search Results
2. Implementation of a Surface Electromyography-Based Upper Extremity Exoskeleton Controller Using Learning from Demonstration
- Author
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Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Siu, Ho Chit, Arenas, Ana M., Sun, Tingxiao, Stirling, Leia A., Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Siu, Ho Chit, Arenas, Ana M., Sun, Tingxiao, and Stirling, Leia A.
- Abstract
Upper-extremity exoskeletons have demonstrated potential as augmentative, assistive, and rehabilitative devices. Typical control of upper-extremity exoskeletons have relied on switches, force/torque sensors, and surface electromyography (sEMG), but these systems are usually reactionary, and/or rely on entirely hand-tuned parameters. sEMG-based systems may be able to provide anticipatory control, since they interface directly with muscle signals, but typically require expert placement of sensors on muscle bodies. We present an implementation of an adaptive sEMG-based exoskeleton controller that learns a mapping between muscle activation and the desired system state during interaction with a user, generating a personalized sEMG feature classifier to allow for anticipatory control. This system is robust to novice placement of sEMG sensors, as well as subdermal muscle shifts. We validate this method with 18 subjects using a thumb exoskeleton to complete a book-placement task. This learning-from-demonstration system for exoskeleton control allows for very short training times, as well as the potential for improvement in intent recognition over time, and adaptation to physiological changes in the user, such as those due to fatigue., Jeptha H. and Emily V. Wade Fund
- Published
- 2018
3. Implementation of a Surface Electromyography-Based Upper Extremity Exoskeleton Controller Using Learning from Demonstration
- Author
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Siu, Ho Chit, primary, Arenas, Ana M., additional, Sun, Tingxiao, additional, and Stirling, Leia A., additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Complicaciones asociadas al catéter venoso central en pacientes hematológicos
- Author
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García-Gabás, Carmen, primary, Castillo-Ayala, Ana, additional, Hinojo-Marín, Begoña, additional, Muriel-Abajo, M. Ángeles, additional, Gómez-Gutiérrez, Isabel, additional, de Mena-Arenas, Ana M., additional, Rodríguez-Gonzalo, Ana, additional, Chao-Lozano, Cristina, additional, García-Menéndez, Carmen, additional, and Madroñero-Agreda, M. Antonia, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Dimorfismo sexual en la función y biogénesis mitocondriales en el tejido adiposo blanco de rata. Respuesta a una dieta hiperlipídica
- Author
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Proenza Arenas, Ana M., Gianotti Bauzà, Magdalena, Amengual Cladera, Emilia, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Proenza Arenas, Ana M., Gianotti Bauzà, Magdalena, Amengual Cladera, Emilia, and Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut
- Abstract
[spa] Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la función y la biogénesis mitocondriales del tejido adiposo blanco dependen del sexo, del depósito y de la dieta ingerida, y que el dimorfismo sexual se manifiesta ya a edades tempranas. Las hormonas ováricas serían responsables, en parte, de este dimorfismo sexual, especialmente en el depósito gonadal, lo que vincula, por tanto, a los estrógenos, al mayor grado de diferenciación mitocondrial y a la expresión de adiponectina. La dieta hiperlipídica atenúa el dimorfismo sexual observado en los animales controles a nivel de la función y la biogénesis mitocondriales y desvincula la relación existente entre la función mitocondrial y la síntesis de adiponectina. Además, induce un mayor incremento del peso corporal y de la adiposidad en las ratas hembra, lo que sugiere una mayor capacidad de expansión de su tejido adiposo. Esto les permite evitar la acumulación de grasa ectópica, manteniendo una mejor sensibilidad a la insulina al evitar los efectos de la lipotoxicidad, [eng] White adipose tissue (WAT) has been considered a simple fat storage depot for a long time, but nowadays it has become recognized as a major endocrine organ in the whole body. Its capacity to synthesize over 50 protein factors known as adipokines, which are able to regulate insulin sensitivity, the inflammatory response or the coagulation process, has led to reconsider its function. Firstly, the mitochondrion has become an important organelle in the adipocyte, playing a relevant role in adipogenesis and in the synthesis of some adipokines, such as adiponectin and, secondly, it is thought that WAT mitochondrial function may be involved in the development of insulin resistance. The main objective of this thesis was based on the study of the influence of sex on alterations in WAT mitochondrial function and biogenesis, both in the control situation and in response to a high-fat diet (HFD). Moreover, the aim was to go further into the relationship between mitochondrial function and obesity-associated insulin resistance development as well as to study the role of sex hormones in the differences found between sexes. The results show that mitochondrial function and biogenesis in WAT depend on the sex, the depot and the diet consumed, and that sexual dimorphism is already present at an early age. Female rats show that the retroperitoneal depot has a more abundant but less differentiated mitochondrial population than males, in contrast to what happens in the periovarian depot, which has more differentiated mitochondria than the epididymal one. Greater mitochondrial differentiation in the periovarian depot leads to the increased adiponectin expression in this depot and higher systemic HMW adiponectin levels (the more active form of this adipokine, with insulin-sensitizing effects) found in female rats. These characteristics lead to a better insulin sensitivity profile in this sex, both at a systemic and tissue level, as female rats show a more activated insulin
- Published
- 2012
6. Models for a fair relief distribution: A network design problem.
- Author
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Anaya-Arenas, Ana M, Ruiz, Angel, and Renaud, Jacques
- Published
- 2013
7. Implementation of a Surface Electromyography-Based Upper Extremity Exoskeleton Controller Using Learning from Demonstration
- Author
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Leia Stirling, Ana M. Arenas, Tingxiao Sun, Ho Chit Siu, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Siu, Ho Chit, Arenas, Ana M., Sun, Tingxiao, and Stirling, Leia A.
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Learning from demonstration ,Computer science ,exoskeletons ,0206 medical engineering ,learning from demonstration ,02 engineering and technology ,Electromyography ,Thumb ,surface electromyography ,lcsh:Chemical technology ,Biochemistry ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,Machine Learning ,Upper Extremity ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,medicine ,Humans ,Torque ,lcsh:TP1-1185 ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Instrumentation ,Simulation ,human experiments ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Muscle activation ,Robotics ,Exoskeleton Device ,020601 biomedical engineering ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Exoskeleton ,medicine.anatomical_structure - Abstract
Upper-extremity exoskeletons have demonstrated potential as augmentative, assistive, and rehabilitative devices. Typical control of upper-extremity exoskeletons have relied on switches, force/torque sensors, and surface electromyography (sEMG), but these systems are usually reactionary, and/or rely on entirely hand-tuned parameters. sEMG-based systems may be able to provide anticipatory control, since they interface directly with muscle signals, but typically require expert placement of sensors on muscle bodies. We present an implementation of an adaptive sEMG-based exoskeleton controller that learns a mapping between muscle activation and the desired system state during interaction with a user, generating a personalized sEMG feature classifier to allow for anticipatory control. This system is robust to novice placement of sEMG sensors, as well as subdermal muscle shifts. We validate this method with 18 subjects using a thumb exoskeleton to complete a book-placement task. This learning-from-demonstration system for exoskeleton control allows for very short training times, as well as the potential for improvement in intent recognition over time, and adaptation to physiological changes in the user, such as those due to fatigue., Jeptha H. and Emily V. Wade Fund
- Published
- 2018
8. Efectes dels estrògens en la funció i la biogènesi mitocondrials cardíaques. Influència de l'entorn lipotòxic
- Author
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Sbert Roig, Miquel, Proenza Arenas, Ana M., Gianotti Bauzà, Magdalena, and Universitat de les Illes Balears. Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut
- Subjects
Biologia Molecular ,Biogènesi mitocondrial, lipotoxicitat cardíaca, estrògens, dimorfisme sexual - Abstract
Introducció Estudis previs realitzats pel nostre grup d’investigació han posat de manifest l’existència d’un dimorfisme sexual en la funció i la biogènesi mitocondrials i en l’estrès oxidatiu del múscul cardíac, de forma que les rates femella presenten uns mitocondris més diferenciats i una menor producció de radicals lliures. Tenint en compte aquests antecedents, els objectius d’aquesta tesi doctoral han estat l’estudi de la contribució dels estrògens en aquestes diferències entre sexes, així com dels efectes d’aquestes hormones sobre la lipotoxicitat del miocardi, un desordre metabòlic caracteritzat, entre altres alteracions, per la pèrdua de l’homeòstasi mitocondrial. Per a la consecució d’aquests objectius s’han combinat estudis in vivo amb rates Wistar d’ambdós sexes sotmeses a diferents manipulacions hormonals, dietètiques i farmacològiques, i estudis in vitro amb cardiomiòcits H9c2 per confirmar els efectes específics dels diferents tractaments. - Contingut de la investigació L’ovariectomia produeix una disminució de la capacitat oxidativa mitocondrial i un increment de l’estrès oxidatiu al miocardi, efectes que són neutralitzats en gran mesura mitjançant l’administració de 17β-estradiol (E2). Els experiments in vitro demostren que aquest efectes de l’E2 estimulant la biogènesi mitocondrial es donen a través de la seva unió al receptor GPER, la qual cosa reforça la rellevància d’aquest receptor estrogènic com a diana terapèutica per fer front a l’increment del risc de patologia cardíaca en la peri i la post-menopausa. A rates alimentades amb una dieta hiperlipídica s’observa una major resistència al desenvolupament de lipotoxicitat cardíaca a les femelles, la qual cosa es podria deure als efectes de l’E2 reduint la disfunció mitocondrial i l’estrès oxidatiu que caracteritzen aquest procés lipotòxic. A més, les femelles mostren una major sensibilitat al tractament amb rosiglitazona, un fàrmac que atenua els efectes lesius de la lipotoxicitat. Aquesta millor resposta metabòlica de les rates femella està associada a una major activació de la proteïna AMPK al cor en comparació amb els mascles, i els nostres resultats in vitro demostren una contribució molt important de l’E2 en aquestes diferències. A més, aquesta hormona redueix l’activació de vies inflamatòries induïda per la lipotoxicitat als cardiomiòcits, encara que, en aquest cas, de forma no depenent de l’AMPK. La importància d’aquesta proteïna com a element antiinflamatori també s’ha vist a cèl·lules endotelials, on hem descrit un nou mecanisme antiinflamatori de l’AMPK que implicaria una disminució de l’activació de la TAK1, una proteïna que activa simultàniament les vies del NF-κB i de les MAPKs p38 i JNK. - Conclusió En conjunt, els resultats d’aquesta tesi posen de manifest que els estrògens són importants estimuladors de la funció i la biogènesi mitocondrials cardíaques i redueixen l’estrès oxidatiu i l’estat inflamatori d’aquest òrgan. Aquests efectes dels estrògens serien particularment importants en situacions patològiques que comportin alteracions del metabolisme energètic dels cardiomiòcits, com és la lipotoxicitat cardíaca, i, per tant, podrien ser un element clau en el desenvolupament d’estratègies terapèutiques per tractar aquests desordres., Introducción Estudios previos realizados por nuestro grupo de investigación han puesto de manifiesto la existencia de un dimorfismo sexual en la función y la biogénesis mitocondriales y en el estrés oxidativo del músculo cardíaco, de forma que las ratas hembra presentan unas mitocondrias más diferenciadas y una menor producción de radicales libres. Teniendo en cuenta estos antecedentes, los objetivos de esta tesis doctoral han sido el estudio de la contribución de los estrógenos en estas diferencias entre sexos, así como de los efectos de estas hormonas sobre la lipotoxicidad del miocardio, un desorden metabólico caracterizado, entre otras alteraciones, per la pérdida de la homeostasis mitocondrial. Para la consecución de estos objetivos se han combinado estudios in vivo con ratas Wistar de ambos sexos sometidas a diferentes manipulaciones hormonales, dietéticas y farmacológicas, y estudios in vitro en cardiomiocitos H9c2 para confirmar los efectos específicos de los diferentes tratamientos. - Contenido de la investigación La ovariectomía produce una disminución de la capacidad oxidativa mitocondrial y un incremento del estrés oxidativo en el miocardio, efectos que son neutralizados en gran medida mediante la administración de 17β-estradiol (E2). Los experimentos in vitro demuestran que estos efectos del E2 estimulando la biogénesis mitocondrial se dan a través de su unión al receptor GPER, lo cual refuerza la relevancia de este receptor estrogénico como diana terapéutica para afrontar el incremento del riesgo de patología cardíaca en la peri- y la post-menopausia. En ratas alimentadas con una dieta hiperlipídica se observa una mayor resistencia al desarrollo de lipotoxicidad cardíaca en las hembras, lo cual podría deberse a los efectos del E2 reduciendo la disfunción mitocondrial y el estrés oxidativo que caracterizan este proceso lipotóxico. Además, las hembras muestran una mayor sensibilidad al tratamiento con rosiglitazona, un fármaco que atenúa los efectos lesivos de la lipotoxicidad. Esta mejor respuesta metabólica de las ratas hembra está asociada a una mayor activación de la proteína AMPK en el corazón en comparación con los machos, y nuestros resultados in vitro demuestran una contribución muy importante del E2 en estas diferencias. Además, esta hormona reduce la activación de vías inflamatorias inducida por la lipotoxicidad en los cardiomiocitos, aunque en este caso de forma no dependiente de la AMPK. La importancia de esta proteína como elemento antinflamatorio se ha visto también en células endoteliales, donde hemos descrito un nuevo mecanismo antiinflamatorio de la AMPK que implicaría una disminución de la activación de la TAK1, una proteína que activa simultáneamente las vías del NF-κB y de las MAPKs p38 y JNK. - Conclusiones En conjunto, los resultados de esta tesis ponen de manifiesto que los estrógenos son importantes estimuladores de la función y la biogénesis mitocondriales cardíacas y reducen el estrés oxidativo y el estado inflamatorio de este órgano. Estos efectos de los estrógenos serían especialmente importantes en situaciones patológicas que conlleven alteraciones del metabolismo energético de los cardiomiocitos, como la lipotoxicidad cardíaca, y, por lo tanto, podrían ser un elemento clave en el desarrollo de estrategias terapéuticas para tratar estos desórdenes., Introduction Previous studies performed in our research group have reported the existence of a sexual dimorphism in mitochondrial biogenesis and function and oxidative stress in the heart such that female rats exhibit more differentiated mitochondria and a lower production of free radicals. In the light of this background, the aims of this doctoral thesis were to study the contribution of estrogens to these sex differences as well as the effects of these hormones on cardiac lipotoxicity, a metabolic disorder characterized by, among other alterations, loss of mitochondrial homeostasis. In order to achieve these purposes, we combined in vivo studies with Wistar rats subjected to different hormonal, dietary and pharmacological manipulations, and in vitro studies with H9c2 cardiomyocytes to confirm the specific effects of the different treatments. -Investigation content Ovariectomy decreases mitochondrial oxidative capacity and increases oxidative stress in the myocardium, effects which are neutralized to a great extent by the administration of 17β-estradiol (E2). The in vitro experiments performed in H9c2 cardiomyocytes demonstrate that the effects of E2 in stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis occur through binding to GPER, which emphasizes the importance of this estrogen receptor as a therapeutic target to tackle the increase of cardiac disease in peri- and post-menopause. In high-fat diet fed rats we observe a greater resistance to the development of cardiac lipotoxicity in females, which could be due to the effects of E2 in ameliorating the mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress that characterize this lipotoxic process. In addition, females show a greater sensitivity to the treatment of rosiglitazone, a drug that reduces the detrimental effects of lipotoxicity. This better metabolic response of female rats is associated with greater cardiac AMPK activation compared to their male counterparts, and our in vitro results demonstrate an important contribution of E2 to these differences. Moreover, this hormone also attenuates the activation of the inflammatory pathways induced by lipotoxicity in cardiomyocytes but, in this case, in an AMPK-independent way. The importance of this protein as an anti-inflammatory factor was also observed in endothelial cells, where we describe a new anti-inflammatory mechanism for AMPK that would imply a decrease in TAK1 activation, a protein that simultaneously activates NF-κB pathway and both p38 and JNK MAPKs. - Conclusions On the whole, the results of the present PhD thesis show that estrogens are important enhancers of cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis and function and reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory status in this organ. These effects would be particularly important in pathological situations that entail alterations in the energy metabolism of cardiomyocytes, such as cardiac lipotoxicity, and, consequently, could be a key element in the development of therapeutic strategies to deal with these disorders.
- Published
- 2016
9. Dimorfismo sexual en la función y biogénesis mitocondriales en el tejido adiposo blanco de rata. Respuesta a una dieta hiperlipídica
- Author
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Amengual Cladera, Emilia, Proenza Arenas, Ana M., Gianotti Bauzá, Magdalena, and Universitat de les Illes Balears. Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut
- Subjects
Biquímica i Biologia Molecular ,Tejido adiposo blanco, biogénesis mitocondrial, obesidad, diferencias de sexo, estrógenos, rata - Abstract
Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la función y la biogénesis mitocondriales del tejido adiposo blanco dependen del sexo, del depósito y de la dieta ingerida, y que el dimorfismo sexual se manifiesta ya a edades tempranas. Las hormonas ováricas serían responsables, en parte, de este dimorfismo sexual, especialmente en el depósito gonadal, lo que vincula, por tanto, a los estrógenos, al mayor grado de diferenciación mitocondrial y a la expresión de adiponectina. La dieta hiperlipídica atenúa el dimorfismo sexual observado en los animales controles a nivel de la función y la biogénesis mitocondriales y desvincula la relación existente entre la función mitocondrial y la síntesis de adiponectina. Además, induce un mayor incremento del peso corporal y de la adiposidad en las ratas hembra, lo que sugiere una mayor capacidad de expansión de su tejido adiposo. Esto les permite evitar la acumulación de grasa ectópica, manteniendo una mejor sensibilidad a la insulina al evitar los efectos de la lipotoxicidad
- Published
- 2012
10. [Complications associated to central venous catheters in hematology patients].
- Author
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García-Gabás C, Castillo-Ayala A, Hinojo-Marín B, Muriel-Abajo MÁ, Gómez-Gutiérrez I, de Mena-Arenas AM, Rodríguez-Gonzalo A, Chao-Lozano C, García-Menéndez C, and Madroñero-Agreda MA
- Subjects
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Hematologic Neoplasms drug therapy, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Central Venous Catheters adverse effects, Phlebitis epidemiology, Phlebitis etiology, Thrombosis epidemiology, Thrombosis etiology
- Abstract
Objective: To discover the incidence of central venous catheters (tunnelled, subcutaneous and PICC) in patients with onco-hematological conditions, hospitalized in the Hematology or Transplantations of Hematopoietic Stem Cells Units, in two tertiary care hospitals., Methodology: A cross-sectional, descriptive study form was developed in order to gather sociodemographic, clinical data as well as complications and follow-up of the care protocol. Each catheter was assigned a correlative identification number. Information was collected on 366 catheters: 185 in the University Hospital Ramón y Cajal (HURYC), 80 tunnelled, 40 subcutaneous venous access and 65 PICC, and 181 in the University Hospital Gregorio Marañón (HUGM), 101 tunnelled and 80 subcutaneous venous access., Findings: Major complications in the tunnellized were infections (13.7% in HURYC vs. 6.8% in HUGM - p<0.001) and occlusions (at least once in 3.8% vs. 21.8%). In subcutaneous venous access, infections were confirmed in 5% in HURYC vs. 1.2% in HUGM. There were occlusions at least once in 10% in HUGM and no other significant complications were detected. Regarding PICC, information was only collected in HURYC, where complications were phlebitis 10.8%, thrombosis 7.7%, confirmed or suspected infection 4.6%, occlusion at least once 7.7%., Conclusions: Differences between hospitals with regard to major complications, infection and occlusion may be related to different care protocol. We need to stress the high incidence of phlebitis and thrombosis in PICC catheters, compared with data of lower incidence of other papers., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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