1. Revealing the History of Sheep Domestication Using Retrovirus Integrations
- Author
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Ingrid Mainland, Metehan Uzun, Mohammad Hossein Banabazi, Rudovick Kazwala, Josephine M. Pemberton, Frederick Arnaud, Félix Goyache, Massimo Palmarini, N. S. Marzanov, Paolo Ajmone-Marsan, Rowland R. Kao, Alberto Alberti, Bernardo Chessa, Bahy A. Ali, Urmas Saarma, Filipe Pereira, Ya-Ping Zhang, Michel M. Dione, Sohail Ahmad, Emma Eythorsdottir, Dario Beraldi, Michael William Bruford, Leopoldo Iannuzzi, Juan J. Arranz, Zhiliang Wang, Marco Pittau, Ingrid Olsaker, Lars-Erik Holm, Juha Kantanen, Michael J. Stear, Martin J. Holland, António Amorim, Thomas E. Spencer, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Dipartimento Patologio & Clinica Veterinaria, University of Sassari, Institute Patology and Imunology Molecular, Fac Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Institute Comparative Medicine, Area Genetic and Reproduction Animale, SERIDA, Division Archael Geography and Environmental Science, University of Bradford, School Biology Science, Institute Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, Conseil National de Recherches Canada (CNRC), Animal Science Research Institute Iran, Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Iran, Department Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Kunming Institute of Zoology, tate Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Faculty Veterinary, Department Animal Production, University of Leon, Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Mubarak City, National Diagnostic Center for Exotic Animal Disease, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, School Health Science, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University (COMU), Intitute Trypanotolerance Center, Department Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Department Genetic and Biotechnology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Institute Ecologic and Earth Science, Department of Zoology, University of Tartu, Agricultural University Peshawar, All Russian Research Institute Animal Husbandry, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (RAAS), Agricultural University of Iceland, MRC Labs, School Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, City University London, Istitut Zootecnie, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Milano] (Unicatt), School of Biosciences [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Biotechnology and Food Research, Agrifood Research Finland, Center Animal Biotechnology and Genomic, Texas A&M University System, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/F014643/1, NICHD NIH HHS HD05274 R01 HD052745, and Wellcome Trust 076522 081696
- Subjects
sheep ,mouton ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Endogenous retrovirus ,Zoology ,Population genetics ,Bovidae ,NEAR-EAST ,MITOCHONDRIAL ,LINEAGES ,ORIGIN ,WILD ,03 medical and health sciences ,domestication ,Retrovirus ,Domestication ,General ,030304 developmental biology ,wether hoggs ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Settore AGR/17 - ZOOTECNICA GENERALE E MIGLIORAMENTO GENETICO ,business.industry ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,040201 dairy & animal science ,domestication animale ,Mouflon ,retrovirus ,Genetic distance ,rétrovirus endogène ,Livestock ,business - Abstract
The domestication of livestock represented a crucial step in human history. By using endogenous retroviruses as genetic markers, we found that sheep differentiated on the basis of their "retrotype" and morphological traits dispersed across Eurasia and Africa via separate migratory episodes. Relicts of the first migrations include the Mouflon, as well as breeds previously recognized as "primitive" on the basis of their morphology, such as the Orkney, Soay, and the Nordic short-tailed sheep now confined to the periphery of northwest Europe. A later migratory episode, involving sheep with improved production traits, shaped the great majority of present-day breeds. The ability to differentiate genetically primitive sheep from more modern breeds provides valuable insights into the history of sheep domestication.
- Published
- 2009
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