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This study aims to investigate the thermal properties of grafted products of maleic anhydride onto cyclized natural rubber. The grafting was carried out in the melt phase at an internal mixer of 150 oC and a rotor speed of 80 rpm. A total of 16 phr maleic anhydride was reacted with cyclized natural rubber in the present and absence of divinylbenzene comonomer with various mole ratios: 0.5, 1, and 2. The grafted products were characterized by the thermogravimetric method to investigate their thermal properties. Based on the results of the thermogravimetric analysis, it was shown that the sample increased its thermal stability. The sample decomposes at a higher temperature with the increasing mole ratio of divinylbenzene added. The grafted product with 16 phr maleic anhydride decomposed at 489.41 oC. Then, the graft product samples with the addition of 0.5, 1, and the 2-mole ratio of divinylbenzene comonomers decomposed at: 501.62 oC, 514.39 oC, and 520.82 oC, respectively.Keywords:Cyclized natural rubber, Divinylbenzene, Maleic anhydride, Thermamogravimetric

This study aimed to analyze the efficiency of use of production factors of land, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, labor towards rainfed rice production through integrated crop management approach, using Cobb-Douglass and economic efficiency (allocative price). The results obtained statistically R-square value of 0.95 which indicates that simultaneously (synchronously) rainfed rice production is influenced by land, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, labor force by 95%, and is supported by the value of the f-count 181.400> f-table 2,404 at level of 95% (α 0.05). Test the partial effect of production factors of land, seed, fertilizer production significantly while factors pesticides, labor did not significantly affect rainfed rice production at a level of 95% (α 0.05). Based on the value of elasticity factor of production is 0.317 which means that the general rainfed rice farming in the position of decreasing returns to scale, meaning that each additional factors of production in the production process will lead to an additional reduction in yield. Value economic allocative efficiency shows that the prices of production factors of land has not been efficient so that the user needs to be added while the factors of production of seed, fertilizers, pesticides, labor should be reduced because it is inefficient in its use.Keywords: Efficiency, Production Factors

Dissemination is the activity of action-reaction not only affects the mindset of the target group but can also be the person who brings the innovation itself. The notion that the new dissemination carried out after the completion of the research process, in principle needs to be changed. Dissemination process has to take place during the research process begins proportionally. This study aims to identify the potential, constraints, and opportunities for the development of rainfed lowland rice through the approach of Integrated Crop Management, an innovative approach in order to increase the efficiency of paddy rice by combining various technology components, including specific technologies that support each other with regard to the use of resources wisely nature that impact the growth and productivity of plants. The method used is to assess the needs and opportunities of rainfed rice farmers in the WKPP Paya Itik Desa Nogorejo. Based on the research needs and opportunities then drafted the main technological packages which are then studied and practiced together between farmers, researchers and agricultural extension as a facilitator, to conduct a demonstration plot of 1 Ha. The results showed that the main obstacle to scale farmers first priority is the seed, and the productivity of rainfed rice integrated crop management approaches have increased an average of 1.1 tons / ha (tile), with the value of B / C ratio 1, 42.Keywords: Rice Rainfed , Integrated Crop Management , Productivit

The aim of this study was to determine the content of phenol in the liquid smoke palm kernel shells produced at a temperature 600ᵒC, 700ᵒC, 800ᵒC. Pyrolysis process was carried out by using a furnice that surrounding covered with fire-resistant white cement so that the smoke does not escape into the air and liquid smoke produced more leverage. Temperatures used 600ᵒC, 700ᵒC, 800ᵒC use with condenser-type spiral coil number of turns 30. Liquid smoke produced in deposited for 7 days and in the centrifuge with a rotation speed of 3800 rpm for 60 minutes, filtered and distilled at 125ᵒC temperature for 60 minutes. Liquid smoke analyzed (characterization) using GC-MS and phenol identified for each temperature 600ᵒC is 35.09%, the temperature 700ᵒC is 37.962% and 37.494% temperature 800ᵒC is.Keywords: Liquid Smoke, Phenol compounds, GC-MS

Pyrolysis process is carried out in this study using a furnace, the temperature is set ranging from 600,700,800,900 ᵒ C using condenser cooling spiral type. Liquid smoke oil palm shell (ACCKS) produced centrifuge with speed 380 rpm for 30 min, filtered through filter paper and distilled at a temperature of 125 ᵒ C for 20 minutes ACCKS redestilasi analyzed the content of the compound phenol compound and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) using a GCMS.To temperatures of 600 to 900ᵒC was not identified PAH compounds and the higher the temperature the lower the phenol compounds whereas the higher acetic acid compounds.Keuwords: ACCKS redestilation, phenol content, PAH, quality

This study to determine the effect of the amount of sugar and pectin to the quality of rosella flower butter. This study uses a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with factorial (2) of two replicates. Factor I is the amount of sugar with a password (G) consisting of 4 standard, namely: G0 = 45%, G1 = 50%, G2 = 55% and G3 = 60%. Factor II is the amount of pectin with a password (P) which consists of four standards are: P1 = 0.2%, P2 = 0.4%, P3 = P4 = 0.6% and 0.8%. The parameters observed include: TSS, levels of Vitamin C, total acid, organoleptic taste and texture.Keywords: sugar, pectin, butter, rosella

The porpuse of research was to knew influence and the heat of combustion palm oil briquette with added additive substance. The work principle of research included foreword working was preparations raw material (Oil palm eggshell) and additive substance (rice husk, bagasse, shell of coconut).Raw materials of palm oil was burning in the vurnace at temperature 400 0C for four o’clock and refined at the measure of 1 mm and so also above additive substance was refined at the measure of 1.6 mm, 1 mm, and 0.71 mm but non burning. Oil palm eggshell powder and additive substance was blended then added amylum as much as 30 % from Oil palm eggshell weight. The compound was taken into press hydrolik to formed and then drying at temperature 120 0C for 90 minute. The briquet that produced was characterized with heat of combustion, water-content, and ash-content-ash. The result of research was palm oil briquette with added rice husk produced heat of combustion of 7.322.49 kal/gr, content-water 15.14 %, content ash 7.0 %, the bagasse heat of combustion of 10.837.29 kal/gr, content-water 15.26 %, content-ash 18.75 %, and the shell of coconut heat of combustion of 9.079.89 kal/gr, content-water 3.25 %, content-ash 8,09 %. The optimum product of this research was palm oil briquette with added the shell of coconut for 15 gr with measure of 1 mm got heat of combustion of 9.079,89 kal/gr, content-water 3.25 %, content-ash 8.00 %.Keyword: briquette, Oil palm eggshell, additive substance