213 results on '"Ardalan, G."'
Search Results
2. Seroprevalence of hepatitis A in Iranian adolescents : is it time to introduce a vaccine?
- Author
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HOSEINI, S. G., KELISHADI, R., ATAEI, B., YARAN, M., MOTLAGH, M. E., ARDALAN, G., TAJADINI, M. H., and MOSTAFAVI, S. N.
- Published
- 2016
3. Association between breakfast intake with anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and food consumption behaviors among Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-IV study
- Author
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Ahadi, Z., Qorbani, M., Kelishadi, R., Ardalan, G., Motlagh, M.E., Asayesh, H., Zeynali, M., Chinian, M., Larijani, B., Shafiee, G., and Heshmat, R.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Using LMS Method in Smoothing Reference Centile Curves for Lipid Profile of Iranian Children and Adolescents: A CASPIAN Study
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Poursafa P, Akbari S, Ardalan G, Rafiei Sharebabaki M, Amirkhani M.A, Hoseini M, and Kelishadi R
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LMS Method ,Smooth Reference Centile Curves ,Smoothing Parameters ,Box-Cox Power ,Lipids. ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background and Objectives: LMS is a general monitoring method for fitting smooth reference centile curves in medical sciences. They provide the distribution of a measurement as it changes according to some covariates like age or time. This method describes the distribution of changes by three parameters; Mean, Coefficient of variation and Cox-Box power (skewness). Applying maximum penalized likelihood and spline function, the three curves are estimated and fitted and optimum smoothness is expressed by three curves. This study was conducted to provide the percentiles of lipid profile of Iranian children and adolescents by LMS.Methods: Smoothed reference centile curves of four groups of lipids (triglycerides, total-LDL- and HDL-cholesterol) were developed from the data of 4824 Iranian school students, aged 6-18 years, living in six cities (Tabriz, Rasht, Gorgan, Mashad, Yazd and Tehran-Firouzkouh) in Iran. Demographic and laboratory data were taken from the national study of the surveillance and prevention of non-communicable diseases from childhood (CASPIAN Study). After data management, data of 4824 students were included in the statistical analysis, which was conducted by the modified LMS method proposed by Cole. The curves were developed with a degree of freedom of four to ten with some tools such as deviance, Q tests, and detrended Q-Q plot were used for monitoring goodness of fit models.Results: All tools confirmed the model, and the LMS method was used as an appropriate method in smoothing reference centile. This method revealed the distributing features of variables serving as an objective tool to determine their relative importance.Conclusion: This study showed that the triglycerides level is higher and HDL-C level is lower in Iranian children and adolescents than their counterparts in Western countries. Future studies with larger sample size and with higher density at the end points and equal distribution of measurements in changing limits of covariates would hopefully reach more precise findings.
- Published
- 2011
5. Body mass index percentiles and elevated blood pressure among children and adolescents
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Wang, M. M., Kelishadi, R., Khadilkar, A., Hong, Y. M., Nawarycz, T., Krzywinska-Wiewiorowska, M., Aounallah-Skhiri, H., Motlagh, M. E., Kim, H. S., Khadilkar, V., Krzyzaniak, A., Ben Romdhane, H., Heshmat, R., Chiplonkar, S., Stawinska-Witoszynska, B., El Ati, J., Qorbani, M., Kajale, N., Traissac, Pierre, Ostrowska-Nawarycz, L., Ardalan, G., Ekbote, V., Yang, L., Zhao, M., Liu, X., Liang, Y. J., and Xi, B.
- Abstract
It is well established that obesity is associated with an increased risk of elevated and high blood pressure (BP) in children and adolescents. However, it is uncertain whether there is an increase in the risk of elevated and high BP associated with an increase of body mass index (BMI) among children and adolescents whose BMI is in the accepted normal range. Data were available for 58 899 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years from seven national cross-sectional surveys in China, India, Iran, Korea, Poland, Tunisia, and the United States. The subjects were divided into eight percentile subgroups according to their BMI levels based on the World Health Organization recommendations. Elevated BP and high BP were defined using the 2016 international child BP criteria. Compared with the reference subgroup of the 5th-24th percentiles, the odds ratios (ORs) for high BP were 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.41; P < 0.001) in the 25th-49th percentile subgroup, 1.55 (95% CI, 1.39-1.73; P < 0.001) in the 50th-74th percentile subgroup, and 2.17 (95% CI, 1.92-2.46; P < 0.001) in the 75th-84th percentile subgroup, respectively, after adjustment for sex, age, race/ethnicity, height and country. Additionally, the corresponding ORs for elevated BP were 1.21 (95% CI, 1.10-1.32; P < 0.001), 1.55 (95% CI, 1.42-1.69; P < 0.001), and 1.80 (95% CI, 1.62-2.01; P < 0.001), respectively. In conclusion, a BMI in the 25th-84th percentiles, within the accepted normal weight range, was associated with an increased risk of elevated and high BP among children and adolescents. It is important for children and adolescents to keep a BMI at a low level in order to prevent and control hypertension.
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- 2020
6. Thinness, overweight and obesity in a national sample of Iranian children and adolescents: CASPIAN Study
- Author
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Kelishadi, R., Ardalan, G., Gheiratmand, R., Majdzadeh, R., Hosseini, M., Gouya, M. M., Razaghi, E. M., Delavari, A., Motaghian, M., Barekati, H., Mahmoud-Arabi, M. S., and Lock, K.
- Published
- 2008
7. Association of overweight and obesity with mental distress in Iranian adolescents: The CASPIAN-III Study
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Jari, M., Qorbani, M., mohammad esmaiel motlagh, Heshmat, R., Ardalan, G., and Kelishadi, R.
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obesity ,depression ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,Original Article ,psychological disorders ,Iran ,Adolescents ,anxiety - Abstract
Background: Excess weight may be associated with mental distress and this relationship varies according to the socio-cultural background of different populations. This study aims to assess the relationship of overweight and obesity with some psychological disorders in a nationally representative sample of Iranian adolescents. Methods: This nationwide study was conducted in 2009-2010 among 5570 students, aged 10-18 years, living in 27 provinces in Iran. Data were collected by using the translated and validated questionnaire of the World Health Organization Global School-based Health Survey. Results: Data of 5528 students (49.7% girls) were complete for this study. Their mean age was 14.7 (2.4) years. Overall 7.9% of participants were overweight and 8.8% were obese. 58.7% of students had anxiety, without significant association of overweight (odds ratio [OR]: 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68-1.09) and obesity (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.88-1.40) with an anxiety. Nearly 62.6% of students reported to have depression, there was no significant relationship between overweight (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.86-1.43) obesity and (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.79-1.29) with the depression. About 49.4% of students had insomnia, without significant association of overweight (OR: 1.17, 95% CI:, 0.91-1.51) and obesity (OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.71-1.17) with the insomnia. Conclusions: In Iranian adolescents, excess weight did not increase the risk of psychological distress. This finding might be due to the positive attitude of family and peers to fatness in adolescence.
- Published
- 2014
8. Insulin and leptin levels in overweight and normal-weight Iranian adolescents: The CASPIAN-III study
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Bahrami, E., parisa Mirmoghtadaee, Ardalan, G., Zarkesh-Esfahani, H., Tajaddini, M. H., Haghjooy-Javanmard, S., Najafi, H., and Kelishadi, R.
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insulin ,obesity ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,overweight ,Original Article ,Children ,leptin - Abstract
Background: In this study, we aim to compare insulin and leptin levels in adolescents with or without excess weight and in those with or without abdominal obesity. Materials and Methods : This case-control study was conducted among 486 samples. We randomly selected 243 overweight and an equal number of normal-weight adolescents from among participants of the third survey of a national surveillance program entitled "Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and PreventIon of Adult Non-communicable diseases study." Serum insulin and leptin were compared between two groups and their correlation was determined with other variables. Results: The mean age and body mass index (BMI) of participants were 14.10 ± 2.82 years and 22.12 ± 6.49 kg/m 2 , respectively. Leptin and insulin levels were higher in overweight than in normal-weight adolescents (P < 0.05). Leptin level was higher in children with abdominal obesity than in their other counterparts (P < 0.001). Leptin level was correlated with age, fasting blood glucose, BMI, and insulin level. Conclusion: Insulin and leptin levels were higher among overweight and obese children, which may reflect insulin and leptin-resistance. Given the complications of excess weight from early life, prevention and controlling childhood obesity should be considered as a health priority.
- Published
- 2014
9. Evaluation of some diet habit and physical activity in adolescents in Tehran (2011)
- Author
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Hossein Rashidi, B., additional, Malek Afzali, H., additional, Haghollahi, F., additional, Ardalan, G., additional, Motlagh, ME., additional, and Kazemi Jaliseh, H., additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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10. Nationwide Report on the Findings of Integrated School Health Screening Program in Iran
- Author
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Amirkhani, M. A., Alavian, S. M., Dashti, M., Aminaie, T., Ardalan, G., Ziaoddini, H., Mirmoghtadaee, P., Poursafa, P., and Roya Kelishadi
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Child Adolescent Health ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,education ,Child & Adolescent Health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Original Article ,Public Health ,Primary Care ,School Health Services - Abstract
Background: Screening of students´ health problems could lead to timely prevention and control of many health disorders. This study aimed to determine the nationwide prevalence of common disorders through school health screening program in Iran Methods: This cross-sectional national screening program was conducted in 2007-2008 among first- and third-grade- students in primary schools, first- grade-students of middle and high schools of all provinces in Iran.Results: Data were obtained from 3,124,021 (81.9%) students reported from the whole country classified into 33 geographical zones. Of total students studied, 12.48% had weight abnormalities, 4.77%had visual disorders, 3.95 % had head lice, 2.24% had behavioral disorders, and 0.6% had hearing disorders. Among students studied, 0.4%, 0.7%, 0.4% and0.8% had endocrine, psychological, neurological and genitourinary disorders, respectively. In addition, 2.1%, 1.9%, 1.8%, 0.8%0.5%, 0.3% and 0.3% of students had ear, nose & pharynx disorder, anemia ,skin & hair , cardiac ,abdominal, vertebral and lung problems, respectively. In elementary schools;57.6% of first-grade- students with at least one disorder were managed in outpatient settings and 6% of them were hospitalized for more investigation. Among third- grade- students of elementary schools, these values corresponded to 13.2% and 1.1%, respectively. Among first grade students of middle and high schools, this prevalence was 58.5% and 44.6% and 1.2% and 0.3% of students were hospitalized for more investigation.Conclusion: This integrated school screening program revealed a considerably high prevalence of health disorders among school students. These results might help health policy makers to design future health promoting programs.
- Published
- 2010
11. An Overview of a National Surveillance Program in Iran for Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases from Childhood: CASPIAN Study
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Roya Kelishadi, Amirkhani, A., Ardalan, G., Ziaoddini, H., and Majdzadeh, R.
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chronic diseases ,lifestyle ,prevention ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,surveillance ,Health promotion ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Iran - Abstract
"nBackground: The health status of children in the Iran has improved in many areas such as lower rates of infectious diseases and declines in malnutrition. However rapid lifestyle changes might make them prone to chronic diseases in adulthood. Because of the importance of collecting national information about related risk behaviors and risk factors, this national project was conducted for the first time in the Eastern Mediterranean region."nMethods: The baseline survey was conducted among 21111 school students aged 6-18 years, and their parents living in 23 provinces; biochemical tests were obtained from 4811 students."nResults: Underweight and overweight had similar prevalence (13.9% underweight, 13.4% overweight).The most prevalent type of dyslipidemia was low HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia. In addition to providing national percentiles and reference curves for weight, height and body mass index, this study provided the first reference curves for waist circumference and blood pressure of children, as well as the first national prevalence of pediatric metabolic syndrome in Asia. Unhealthy nutrition and low physical activity were associated with most risk factors."nConclusion: Close monitoring of children and adolescents for risk factors and risk behaviors should be considered as a public health priority, thus a national school-based surveillance program is being established in this regard in Iran.  
- Published
- 2009
12. Mental health problems of Iranian female adolescents and its association with pubertal development: a nationwide study
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Rabbani, A., Mahmoudi-Gharaei, J., Mohammadi, M. R., Motlagh, M. E., Mohammad, K., Ardalan, G., Maftoon, F., Shahryari, S., Khodaei, S., Sotoudeh, A., Ziaaldini, H., Kobra Kamali, and Motaghian, M.
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Adolescent ,Urban Population ,Girls ,Emotions ,Child Behavior ,Iran ,Adolescents ,Risk Assessment ,Young Adult ,Sex Factors ,Residence Characteristics ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Ethnicity ,Odds Ratio ,Humans ,Child ,Menstrual Cycle ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Chi-Square Distribution ,Cultural Characteristics ,Mental Disorders ,Puberty ,Age Factors ,Health Surveys ,Behavioral Problems ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Logistic Models ,Mental Health ,Adolescent Behavior ,Female ,lcsh:Medicine (General) - Abstract
Mental health problems including emotional and behavioral problems during puberty may be under influence of different risk factors including cultures, living in urban or rural areas and ethnic factors which may vary between different countries. The main aim of this study is to investigate the profile of emotional and behavioral problems and the role of factors such as age, stage of puberty, ethnicity, rurality and living in urban area, as risk factors in Iranian girls. As a part of a large national study we evaluated the emotional and behavioral problems in different stages of puberty in a community sample of Iranian adolescent girls from public schools that were selected by clustered random sampling method. In all subjects, demographic characteristics, and pubertal stages were measured. Emotional and behavioral problems were evaluated using Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The associations of age, pubertal development indices, socioeconomic and demographic factors with the behavioral problems were assessed. A total number of 4576 students enrolled the study and responded to the questions. The mean age of participants was 13.83 ± 2.19 years. The mean total score of difficulties in participants was 14.34 ± 5.81. According to these results 813 (17.8%) adolescents had total problem scores higher than Goodman's cutoff points and the most frequent problem domain was conduct problems (20.5%). According to the results the most related variable with the total difficulty score of SDQ were ethnicity, residency in urban areas and development of menstrual cycle respectively. The results of this study showed that the most correlated factors with mental health problems in Iranian girls during puberty are ethnicity, urbanity and development of menstrual cycle.
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- 2012
13. Seroprevalence of hepatitis A in Iranian adolescents: is it time to introduce a vaccine?
- Author
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HOSEINI, S. G., primary, KELISHADI, R., additional, ATAEI, B., additional, YARAN, M., additional, MOTLAGH, M. E., additional, ARDALAN, G., additional, TAJADINI, M. H., additional, and MOSTAFAVI, S. N., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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14. Generalized or Abdominal Obesity: Which One Better Identifies Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Children and Adolescents? The CASPIAN III Study
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Ataie-Jafari, A., primary, Heshmat, R., additional, Kelishadi, R., additional, Ardalan, G., additional, Mahmoudarabi, M., additional, Rezapoor, A., additional, Motlagh, M. E., additional, Asayesh, H., additional, Larijani, B., additional, and Qorbani, M., additional
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- 2014
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15. Rationale, methods and first results of the Iranian national programme for prevention of chronic diseases from childhood: caspian study
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Motlagh, M.E., primary, Kelishadi, R., additional, Ardalan, G., additional, Gheiratmand, R., additional, Majdzadeh, R., additional, and Heidarzadeh, A., additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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16. Vitamin D Insufficiency among Children and Adolescents Living in Tehran, Iran
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Rabbani, A., primary, Alavian, S.-M., additional, Motlagh, M. E., additional, Ashtiani, M. T. H., additional, Ardalan, G., additional, Salavati, A., additional, Rabbani, B., additional, Rabbani, A., additional, Shams, S., additional, and Parvaneh, N., additional
- Published
- 2008
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17. Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype and Associated Lifestyle Factors in a National Population of Youths: CASPIAN Study
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Alavian, S.-M., primary, Motlagh, M. E., additional, Ardalan, G., additional, Motaghian, M., additional, Davarpanah, A. H., additional, and Kelishadi, R., additional
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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18. Medical Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasa Where do we stand in 2004?
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Al Ansari, A., primary, Al Said, S., additional, Al Rubaiai, A., additional, Ardalan, G., additional, and Shaat, A., additional
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- 2006
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19. A national experience on physical activity initiatives for adolescent girls and their mothers: caspian study.
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Kelishadi R, Ziaee V, Ardalan G, Namazi A, Noormohammadpour P, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Sadraei H, Mirmoghtadaee P, and Poursafa P
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Objective: To provide a low cost and simple model of culturally-appropriate and low cost facilities for improvement of physical activity for girls and their mothers through an after-school program and to determine the changes in anthropometric indexes after this trial. Methods: This national study was conducted in 2006-2007 in 7 provinces with different socioeconomic situations in Iran. Female students who studied in the 7
th through 10th grade and their mothers were selected by random cluster sampling. In each province, 24 sessions of after-school aerobic physical activity were held for 90 minutes, two days a week, and 3 months long at school sites in the afternoon. Findings: The study comprised 410 participants (204 mothers and 206 daughters), with a mean age of 15.86±1.01 and 40.71±6.3 years in girls and their mothers, respectively. The results of the focus group discussions showed that in general, both mothers and daughters were satisfied from the program and found it feasible and successful. After the trial, the indexes of generalized and abdominal obesity improved significantly both in girls and in their mothers (P-value<0.0001 for weight, body mass index and waist circumference). Conclusion: Our findings may provide a low-cost and simple effective model of motivation for physical activity with targeted interventions for girls and their mothers. We suggest that the success of this trial might be a result of bonding and accompaniment of mothers and daughters. Such model can be integrated in the existing health and education systems to increase the physical activity level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2010
20. Assessment of pubertal development in Iranian girls.
- Author
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Rabbani A, Motlagh M, Mohammad K, Ardalan G, Maftoon F, Shahryari S, Khodaei S, Sotoudeh A, Mohammadi M, Gharaei JM, Zia-aldini H, Kamali K, Motaghian M, Hosseini KM, Salavati A, and Parvaneh N
- Abstract
Objective: We estimated pubertal development of 7,493 normal Iranian girls aged 6 to 20 years in a cross-sectional study. Methods: Pubertal stages were assessed according to Tanner. The mean ages to achieve secondary sexual characteristics as well as the mean age at menarche were estimated. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Reference curves for different breast stages and menarche were constructed. The percentiles for attaining each stage were compared to data proposed by Tanner. Findings: The mean age at breast bud stage (B2) was 10.10, pubic hair stage (P2) was 9.83, and menarche age was 12.55 years. The anthropometric variables were interpreted in different maturity stages. The mean age at attainment of puberty was compared with those of other populations. Conclusion: Not only the onset of puberty in Iranian girls but also the duration of puberty is similar to data from most other countries. A lower age limit for the definition of precocious puberty than the traditional 8 years is documented for Iranian girls. However, it should be noted that considering the rate of evolution of pubertal findings is more important than the age of their appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
21. Reproductive health service centers for youth in Iran.
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Ramezanzadeh, F., Haghollahi, F., Shariat, M., Arabi, M. Mahmood, Hosseini, H., Abadi, M. Jaafar, Motlagh, M. E., Ardalan, G., Vasigh, A., and Sohani, F.
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REPRODUCTIVE health services ,YOUTH health ,CUSTOMER satisfaction ,QUALITY of service - Abstract
Background and Aim: Despite the fact that the proportion of youth population is very high in Iran, there is no well designed, comprehensive reproductive health program for the youth. This prompted the health planners to evaluate all the existing centers that deliver reproductive health services to the youth in the country in order to identify the weaknesses and strengths of the services and the centers. Materials and Methods: A descriptive analytic study was conducted from March 2006 to March 2007, in coordination with the Vice-chancellor for Health of Universities of Medical Sciences, through Offices for Health of the Youth and Schools (OHYS). Five health centers, namely, Tehran, Semnan, Bam, Chabahar, and Fassa Health Centers (the only centers delivering reproductive health services to the youth) were included in the study. They were assessed for structure and physical facilities, job satisfaction of the personnel, satisfaction of the youth consulting them, and the services (including consultative services) delivered. The data were gathered through questionnaires using a checklist and analyzed by the SPSS-13 software. Results: The health center personnel thought that the quality of services delivered at the centers was low. They also believed that the physical facilities, including equipment in the clinical examination room, furniture, cleanliness of the premises, and entertainment facilities, were not of an acceptable standard. About 64% of the personnel of the health centers personnel expressed job satisfaction. On the other hand, 39% of the young people consulting the centers expressed full, and 54% relative, satisfaction with the services they were receiving; the remaining 7% were not content at all. The highest rate of satisfaction was with the psychologist, physician, and midwife, so that 95% of the clients recommended the centers to other young people seeking reproductive health services. Finally, the clients said that in most of the centers paramedical personnel, including nutrition officers (50%) and midwives with a Master's degree (17.5%), were insufficient. Conclusion: It is suggested that a comprehensive service package be developed to be used in all the health centers, rather than each center deliver services based on the existing facilities and individual preferences. Such a package should be based on the national reproductive health programs (according to the medical education curricula). Intersectoral collaboration (particularly from the Ministry of Education and cultural organizations) is also very essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
22. Association of physical activity and dietary behaviours in relation to the body mass index in a national sample of Iranian children and adolescents: CASPIAN Study.
- Author
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Kelishadi R, Ardalan G, Gheiratmand R, Gouya MM, Razaghi EM, Delavari A, Majdzadeh R, Heshmat R, Motaghian M, Barekati H, Mahmoud-Arabi MS, Riazi MM, and CASPIAN Study Group
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of dietary and physical activity (PA) patterns with the body mass index (BMI), and the associations between these patterns among children. METHODS: A representative sample of 21 111 school students aged 6-18 years was selected by multistage random cluster sampling from 23 provinces in the Islamic Republic of Iran. PA and dietary pattern were assessed by self-administered validated questionnaires. FINDINGS: Fruit and vegetables, dairy products and snacks (salty, fatty or sweet) had a similar consumption frequency of approximately twice a day. The type of fat most frequently consumed was hydrogenated solid fat (consumed by 73.8% of families). The PA level was significantly higher among boys than girls, in rural than in urban residents, and in intermediate students than high-school students. Among boys, the frequency of consumption of vegetables and plant proteins (R(2) = 0.46); and among girls, the frequency of consumption of dairy products and fruits, as well as high PA level had a significant inverse association with BMI (R(2) = 0.57). Among boys, the low frequency of consumption of fruits, the time spent on PA and the energy expenditure; and among girls, the time spent on PA and the energy expenditure, had significant relationships with overweight. When controlling for covariates, PA levels had significant relationships with the frequency of consumption of all food groups. CONCLUSION: Unhealthy lifestyles make Iranian young people prone to chronic diseases later in life. When examining their health benefits, the interrelationship of dietary and PA behaviours should be considered. Copyright © 2007 World Health Organization [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Methodology and early findings of the fourth survey of childhood and adolescence surveillance and prevention of adult non-communicable disease in Iran: The CASPIAN-IV study
- Author
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Kelishadi, R., Ardalan, G., Qorbani, M., Ataie-Jafari, A., Bahreynian, M., Taslimi, M., mohammad esmaiel motlagh, and Heshmat, R.
- Subjects
prevention ,risk behaviors ,Chronic diseases ,education ,lcsh:R ,surveillance ,risk factors ,lcsh:Medicine ,Original Article ,school health - Abstract
Background: The fourth survey of the surveillance system named ′′childhood and adolescence surveillance and prevention of adult non-communicable disease′′ (CASPIAN-IV study), was conducted among a national representative sample of Iranian students. This paper describes the methods and early findings of this survey. Methods: This nationwide school-based study was conducted in 2011-2012 in 30 provinces of Iran among 13,486 students, 6-18 years (6640 girls, 75.6% from urban areas) and one of their parents. Results: Mean age of students was 12.5 years. Based on the World Health Organization growth curves, 12.2% were underweight, 9.7% overweight and 11.9% were obese. Abdominal obesity was observed in 19.1% of students. The dominant type of cooking oil in urban families was liquid oil and hydrogenated fat (39% and 32%), most rural families used hydrogenated fat (53%), respectively. A total of 18% of students had at least 30 min of daily physical activity; 41% of students used computer in weekdays and 44% used it in weekends. Almost 34.5% of students reported to have at least one cigarette smoker and 21.5% reported to have a waterpipe smoker in their relatives. Moreover, 20.3% of students reported that they had suffered an injury needing the help of school health providers during the year prior to the study. Conclusions: Current evidence on the health risky behaviors among Iranian children and adolescents confirms the importance of conducting comprehensive surveillance surveys to identify health risk behaviors. Data of this survey and the trend of variables provide necessary information for health policy makers to implement action-oriented interventions.
24. Policy brief on promoting physical activity among adolescents
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Mounesan, L., Sepidarkish, M., Hamed Hosseini, Ahmadi, A., Ardalan, G., Kelishadi, R., and Majdzadeh, R.
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evidence informed ,Behavioral change ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,Review Article ,life style ,policy - Abstract
Regular physical activity (PA) is an underlying factor since childhood and adolescence for having a healthy and active future for life. The aim of this stud y was to review the evidence on increasing the youth PA to develop the national program at country level. At first, the databases were searched using the sensitive keywords, and systematic reviews of the relevant databases were extracted. The studies were evaluated in terms of relevance and methodological quality for effective interventions that were detected. These cases were also identified in the effective interventions: disadvantages, benefits, costs, methods, and limitations of early studies, which were based on systematic review of the studies. Three interventions were identified as physical education curriculum reform, the creation of extra-curricular activities, as well as approaches to environmental and social support. Evidences showed that the relative impact of these interventions were not high. Thus, a combination of all three options of integrated approach is recommended for reducing the sedentary lifestyle of youths.
25. A nationwide survey on some hygienic behaviors of Iranian children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-IV study
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Sadinejad, M., Kelishadi, R., Mostafa Qorbani, Shahsanai, A., Motlagh, M. E., Ardalan, G., Heshmat, R., and Keikha, M.
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hygiene ,Children and adolescents ,school ,education ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,Original Article ,Iran - Abstract
Background: This study aims to assess the frequency of some hygienic behaviors that is, tooth brushing and hand-washing, in Iranian school students at national level. Methods: This nationwide study was conducted in 2011-2012 among 14,880 elementary, secondary and high school students who were selected by random cluster stratified multistage sampling from 30 provinces in Iran. We used the global school-based health survey questionnaire of the World Health Organization. Results: The population of this survey consisted of 13,486 children and adolescents (participation rate of 90.6%) including 49.2% girls and 75.6% urban inhabitants. The mean age of participants was 12.5 years (12.3-12.6, 95% confidence interval) According to the self-report of students, 26.9% of them (20.2% of boys and 33.9% of girls) brushed their teeth more than once a day, 37.8% of boys and 42.1% of girls brushed their teeth once a day. In general, girls brushed their teeth more than boys. The frequency of those students who never brushed their teeth was twice in rural than in urban students (11.4% vs. 6.2%, respectively). In total, 3.4% of the students stated that their school had not an appropriate place for washing hands after toilet, with three-fold higher frequency in rural than in urban schools (6.8% vs. 2.3%, respectively). 85% of students (87% of girls vs. 83% of boys) reported that they had always washed their hands after toilet, 10.1% did it occasionally and 4.1% did not. Conclusions: This nationwide survey revealed that Iranian students have an acceptable level of hygienic behaviors both in urban and rural areas; however, still it is necessary to improve school health facilities and hygienic habits in Iranian students.
26. Relationship of serum magnesium and vitamin D levels in a nationally-representative sample of iranian adolescents: The CASPIAN-III study
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Kelishadi, R., Ataei, E., Ardalan, G., Nazemian, M., Tajadini, M., Heshmat, R., Keikha, M., and mohammad esmaiel motlagh
27. Regional disparity in hygienic behaviors of Iranian children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-IV study
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Qorbani, M., Kelishadi, R., Djalalinia, S., Motlagh, M. E., Kasaeian, A., Ardalan, G., Shafiee, G., Omid Safari, Heshmat, R., and Mahdavi, S. B.
28. Policy brief for promoting physical activity among iranian adolescents
- Author
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Mounesan, L., Sepidarkish, M., Hamed Hosseini, Ahmadi, A., Ardalan, G., Kelishad, R., and Majdzadeh, R.
- Subjects
lcsh:R5-920 ,Policy ,Behavioral change ,Evidence informed ,lcsh:R ,Life style ,lcsh:Medicine ,lcsh:Medicine (General) - Abstract
Background: Regular physical activity (PA) is an underlying factor since childhood and adolescence for having a healthy and active future in life. The aim of this study was to review the evidence on increasing the youth PA to develop the national program at country level. Methods: At first, the databases were searched using the sensitive keywords, and systematic reviews of the relevant databases were extracted. The studies were evaluated in terms of relevance and methodological quality for effective interventions that were detected. These cases were also identified in the effective interventions as disadvantages, benefits, costs, methods, and limitations of early studies, based on systematic review of the studies. Findings: Three interventions were identified as physical education curriculum reform, the creation of extra-curricular activities, as well as approaches to environmental and social support. Evidence showed that the relative impact of these interventions were not high. Conclusion: Thus, a combination of all three options of integrated approach is recommended for reducing the sedentary lifestyle of youths.
29. National Integrated School Health Screening Program in Iran
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Seyed Moayed Alavian., Aminaie, T., Amirkhani, A., Ardalan, G., Dashti, M., Kelishadi, R., and Ziaoddini, H.
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Health ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,education ,School screening ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Integrated program ,Iran - Abstract
"nBackground: Screening program in schools are designed to identify children who have early signs of health problems. This study provides information about the findings of national screening program in Iran."nMethods: This national program is conducted by the Ministry of Health& Medical Education (MOHME) with collaboration of the Ministry of Education & Training. This program had two major parts including 1) screening of behavioral, hearing and visual disorders, pediculosis and calculating body mass index and 2) physical examination of students, conducted by primary care physicians. All services are offered free of charge. The students' parents are informed about the health status of their children."nResults: The screening program conducted in 2007-2008 included 3,124,021 students from 33 cities who were studying in the first- and third- grade- students in elementary schools, first- grade- students in middle and high schools. Of total students studied, 12.48% had weight disorders, i.e. body mass index 95th percentile. 4.77%had visual disorders, 3.95 % had head lice, 2.24% had behavioral disorders, and 0.6% had hearing disorders."nConclusion: In addition to its benefits to the students' health status, the results of this screening program help health policy makers to design interventions for prevention and or early detection and treatment of the most common disorders documented among school students. "n 
30. Assessment of pubertal development in Iranian girls
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Ali rabbani, Motlagh, M. -E, Mohammad, K., Ardalan, G., Maftoon, F., Shahryari, S., Khodaei, S., Sotoudeh, A., Mohammadi, M. -R, Gharaei, J. M., Zia-Aldini, H., Kamali, K., Motaghian, M., Hosseini, K. M., Salavati, A., Rabbani, H., and Parvaneh, N.
- Subjects
Puberty ,Original Article ,Adolescent Development ,Iran ,Sex Maturation - Abstract
Objective We estimated pubertal development of 7,493 normal Iranian girls aged 6 to 20 years in a cross-sectional study. Methods Pubertal stages were assessed according to Tanner. The mean ages to achieve secondary sexual characteristics as well as the mean age at menarche were estimated. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Reference curves for different breast stages and menarche were constructed. The percentiles for attaining each stage were compared to data proposed by Tanner. Findings The mean age at breast bud stage (B2) was 10.10, pubic hair stage (P2) was 9.83, and menarche age was 12.55 years. The anthropometric variables were interpreted in different maturity stages. The mean age at attainment of puberty was compared with those of other populations. Conclusion Not only the onset of puberty in Iranian girls but also the duration of puberty is similar to data from most other countries. A lower age limit for the definition of precocious puberty than the traditional 8 years is documented for Iranian girls. However, it should be noted that considering the rate of evolution of pubertal findings is more important than the age of their appearance.
31. The association of socioeconomic status of family and living region with self-rated health and life satisfaction in children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-IV study
- Author
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Mirmoghtadaee, P., Heshmat, R., Djalalinia, S., Motamed-Gorji, N., mohammad esmaiel motlagh, Ardalan, G., Safiri, S., Ahadi, Z., Shafiee, G., Asayesh, H., Qorbani, M., Yaghini, O., and Kelishadi, R.
- Subjects
General Health ,education ,Original Article ,Adolescents ,Life Satisfaction ,Socioeconomic Status ,Children - Abstract
Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is a major determinant of health inequality in children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of SES of family and living region with self-rated health (SRH) and life satisfaction (LS) among children and adolescents. Methods: This study was a part of the fourth survey of a national surveillance program, which was conducted in 30 provinces of Iran in 2011-2012. LS and SRH were assessed by a questionnaire based on the World Health Organization-Global School-based student Health Survey (WHO-GSHS). Family SES was estimated using principal component analysis (PCA) and based on family assets, parental education and occupation, and type of school. Region SES was calculated using PCA and some variables including literacy rate, family assets and employment rate. Results: Out of 14,880 invited students, 13,486 (participation rate: 90.6%) completed the survey; of whom, 49.2% were girls, and 75.6% were from urban areas with the mean ± SD age of 12.47±3.36 years. In the multivariate model, SES of family and living region was associated with LS and good SRH. In the full models, in addition to all potential confounders, family and living region SES were included simultaneously. However, only the association of family SES with LS, and good SRH remained statistically significant. Conclusion: The effect of families’ SES on SRH and LS is more important than regional SES. The presented patterns of SRH and LS may be useful in developing better health policies and conducting complementary studies in this field.
32. First report on self-rated health in a nationally-representative sample of iranian adolescents: The CASPIAN-III study
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Hosseini, M., Maghami, M., Kelishadi, R., Motlagh, M. E., Amir Khoshbin, Amirkhani, A., Heshmat, R., Taslimi, M., Ardalan, G., and Hosseini, S. M.
- Subjects
non-parametric statistics ,school ,education ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,Original Article ,health status ,self-report ,Adolescents ,logistic models ,health status indicator - Abstract
Objective: To evaluate predictive factors of adolescents’ appraisal of their health. Methods: The nationwide study, entitled “Childhood and Adolescence Surveillance and Prevention of Adult Non-communicable Diseases (CASPIAN) study”, was conducted in 2010 among Iranian school students, aged 10-18. In addition to demographic factors and physical examination, variables as family structure, nutrition habits, physical activity, smoking, hygienic habits, violence, school attachment, family smoking, and family history of chronic diseases were assessed. The dependent variable is the self-rated health (SRH) and it was measured by 12 items, which had already been combined through latent class analysis. We had taken a dichotomous variable, i.e. the higher values indicate better SRH. The dependent variable was regressed on all predictors by generalized additive models. Results: 75% of adolescents had a good SRH. The linear and smooth effects of independent variables on SRH were observed. Among all the variables, physical activity had a positive linear effect on SRH (β = 0.08, P value = 0.003). Smoking, violence, and family history of disease associated to SRH non-linearly (P value < 0.05). Family smoking (β = −0.01) and hygienic habits (β = 0.27) related to SRH both linearly and non-linearly. Conclusions: Physical health and high risk behavior, either of linear or non-linear effect, are factors, which seem to shape the adolescents’ perception of health.
33. A nationwide survey on the daily screen time of Iranian children and adolescents: The CASPIAN - IV study
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Jari, M., Qorbani, M., Motlagh, M. E., Heshmat, R., Ardalan, G., and Roya Kelishadi
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Children and adolescents ,lcsh:R ,education ,lcsh:Medicine ,television watching ,Original Article ,Iran ,computer - Abstract
Background: Leisure time activity is an important life-style habit. This study aims to determine the screen time of a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: This nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the fourth survey of a surveillance system. The participants consisted of 14880 students, with aged range from 6 to 18 years, living in 30 provinces in Iran. Screen time, i.e. the time spent on watching television (TV)/video and computer games during leisure time, was assessed by using the questionnaire of the Globasl Student Health Survey of the World Health Organization. Results: The study participants were 13486 school students (participation rate of 90.6%) with a mean age of 12. 47 (3.36) years. Overall, 75.6% of students were from urban and 24.4% from rural areas and 50.8% were boys respectively. Overall, 33.4% and 53% of students watched TV/video more than 2 h a day in their leisure time during school days and holidays, respectively. Likewise, 6.3% and 10.9% of students used computer more than 2 h a day in their leisure time during the school days and holidays, respectively. Overall, 47.1% of urban students and 24.2% of rural students used personal computer in their leisure time during the school days. The corresponding figures were 50.8% and 27.2% in weekends and holidays, respectively. Conclusions: The time spent on screen activities is long in a considerably high number of Iranian children and adolescents. It should be reduced by increasing the public awareness and by providing facilities for regular daily physic activity for students′ leisure times.
34. Socioeconomic disparities in dietary and physical activity habits of Iranian children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-IV study
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Kelishadi, R., Qorbani, M., mohammad esmaiel motlagh, Ardalan, G., Heshmat, R., and Hovsepian, S.
35. Association of socioeconomic status with anthropometric measures and blood pressure in a representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-IV study
- Author
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Heshmat, R., Shafiee, G., Kelishadi, R., Tabatabaie, O. R., Djalalinia, S., Motlagh, M. -E, Zahedi, H., Noori, A., Ardalan, G., Arefirad, T., Asayesh, H., La-Rijani, B., and Mostafa Qorbani
- Subjects
lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,population characteristics ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,social sciences - Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of Socioeconomic Status (SES) with anthropometric measures and BP in Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: This nationwide study was conducted in 2011-2012 among 14,880 students, aged 6-18 years, selected by multistage, cluster-sampling method from rural and urban areas of 30 provinces of Iran. Anthropometric indexes and BP were measured by standard protocols and with calibrated instruments. SES was estimated based on family assets and parents’ job and education using principle component analysis method. SES was considered as “low”, “intermediate” and “high” in the statistical analysis. Results: Overall, 13486 children and adolescents out of 14,880 invited students (response rate 90.6%) participated in this study. They consisted of 50.8% boys, 75.6% urban residents, with a mean age of 12.47 ±3.36 years. The prevalence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity and also mean of all anthropometric measures increased linearly with increasing SES. Inversely, underweight decreased linearly with increasing SES. Association of BP measures with SES was not statistically significant. After adjustment for potential confounders, association of anthropometric measures and BP with SES did not change significantly. Conclusion: We found that obesity, overweight and abdominal obesity was prevalent in high SES group and underweight in low SES group. Our findings serve as confirmatory evidence that contrary to developed countries, in developing countries childhood obesity is more prevalent in families with higher SES. Keywords: Anthropometric measures, Blood pressure, Socio-economic status, Children and adolescents, Iran
36. Development and evaluation of a questionnaire for assessment of determinants of weight disorders among children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-IV study
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Kelishadi, R., Majdzadeh, R., Motlagh, M. -E, Heshmat, R., Aminaee, T., Ardalan, G., Ahmad Esmaillzadeh, Azadbakht, L., Poursafa, P., Movahedian, M., and Baraz, S.
- Subjects
Children and adolescents ,underweight ,questionnaire validity ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,overweight ,Original Article - Abstract
Background: Little experience exists on valid and reliable tools for assessment of the determinants of underweight and overweight in children and adolescents living in the Middle-East and North Africa (MENA). This study aimed to develop a valid and wideranging questionnaire for assessment of these parameters in a nationwide sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Methods : This national study was conducted in 31 provinces in Iran. The first phase consisted of focus group discussion with 275 children and adolescents and their parents. After a qualitative content analysis, the initial items were extracted. In the next step, the face validity was assessed by expert panelists using the quantitative method of the Impact Score. To assess the content validity, the content validity rate (CVR) and the content validity index (CVI) were determined. The internal consistency was examined by Cronbach alpha, and its test-retest reliability was determined. The socio-demographic variables, perinatal factors, lifestyle factors, family history, knowledge and attitude were assessed. Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A validated questionnaire for quality of life was filled in anonymously. Results: A team of expert researchers conducted the data analysis of 576 interviews by using qualitative content analysis method. The analysis process began by determining the semantic units about the concepts studied. The initial questionnaire was developed in four domains by including Likert scale questions. In the face validity step, all questions of the primary questionnaire obtained a score of more than 1.5. In the phase of CVR assessment, 6 questions obtained a score of less than 0.62, and were omitted. The rest of questions were assessed for CVI, and got a score of more than 0.75. Cronbach′s alpha coefficient of the whole questionnaire was 0.97, and the Pearson correlation coefficient of the test-retest phase was 0.94. Conclusion: The developed questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for assessment of the determinants of weight disorders in a nationally representative sample of children and adolescents in the MENA.
37. Frequency, Causes, And places of unintentional injuries in a nationally representative sample of iranian children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-IV study
- Author
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Kelishadi, R., Qorbani, M., Motlagh, M. E., Ardalan, G., Mohammad Moafi, Mahmood-Arabi, M., Heshmat, R., and Jari, M.
- Subjects
children ,prevention ,lcsh:R ,lcsh:Medicine ,Original Article ,Iran ,Adolescents ,injuries - Abstract
Background: This study aims to assess the frequency, causes, and places of injuries in a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents, as well as the referral, places allocated for injured individuals. Methods: This nationwide study was conducted in 2011-2012 among 13486 elementary, secondary and high-school students who were selected by random cluster stratified multistage sampling from 30 provinces in Iran. The Global School-based Health Survey questionnaire of the World Health Organization was used. Results: The study participants consisted of 50.8% boys, 75.6% urban resident with a mean age of 12.5 years. Overall, 20.25% of participants reported that they were minimally injured once in the last 12 months; this prevalence was higher in boys than in girls (25.74% vs. 14.58%, respectively, P < 0.001), without significant difference in urban (20.11%) and rural (20.69%) areas. Most of them (39.92%) were injured at homes or house yards with higher prevalence in girls than in boys (48.61% vs. 35.17%, respectively, P < 0.001) and in rural than in urban areas (27.30% vs. 20.89%, respectively, P < 0.001). Schools were reported as the second prevalent site of injury occurrence (22.50%). Emergency departments and physician offices were the most prevalent referral places for injured individuals (32.31% and 22.38%, respectively). Most of the school injuries occurred during play or sport activities (45.92%). Conclusions: Prevention of unintentional injuries should be considered as a health priority. Appropriate preventive strategies should be enhanced at homes and schools.
38. Family dinner frequency is inversely related to mental disorders and obesity in adolescents: The CASPIAN-III study
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Haghighatdoost, F., Kelishadi, R., Qorbani, M., Heshmat, R., Motlagh, M. E., Ardalan, G., and Leila Azadbakht
39. Risk-taking behaviors in iranian children and adolescents: A latent class analysis approach: Caspian IV study
- Author
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Abbas Abbasi ghahremanloo, Heshmat, R., Safiri, S., Motlagh, M. E., Ardalan, G., Mahdavi-Gorabi, A., Asayesh, H., Qorbani, M., and Kelishadi, R.
- Subjects
Male ,Children and adolescents ,Adolescent ,Child Behavior ,Iran ,Anxiety ,Violence ,Risk behaviors ,Screen Time ,Risk-Taking ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Students ,Child ,Social Behavior ,Crime Victims ,Demography ,Depression ,Smoking ,Bullying ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Social Class ,Adolescent Behavior ,Latent Class Analysis ,Original Article ,Female ,Sedentary Behavior - Abstract
Background: Risk taking behaviors have several negative consequences. This study aimed to identify the subgroups of students based on risk-taking behaviors and to assess the role of demographic characteristics, depression, anxiety, socioeconomic status (SES), physical inactivity and screen time on membership of specific subgroup. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: This nationwide survey was conducted in 2011-2012 among 14880 students, aged 6-18 yr, selected by multistage, cluster-sampling method from 30 provinces of Iran. The students completed two sets of anonymous and validated questionnaires, obtained from the World Health Organization-Global School Health Survey questionnaires. Latent class analysis was performed to achieve the study objectives. Results: Overall, 13486 children and adolescents participated were enrolled (response rate 90.6%). They consisted of 50.8% boys, with a mean age of 12.47 ±3.36 year. The prevalence of physical fight, bullying, victimization, active smoking, passive hookah and passive cigarette smoking was 39.7%, 17.4%, 27.2%, 5.9%, 21.1 and 33.8%, respectively. Five latent classes were identified: (a) low risk (46.7%), (b) passive smoker (25.2%), (c violence and aggression taker with passive smoking (13.5%), (d) violence and aggression taker without passive smoking (10.8%) and (e) high risk (3.8%). Higher age (OR=1.41), being male (OR=5.21), depression (OR=4.58), anxiety (OR=3.38) and screen time (OR=3.11) were associated with high-risk class. Conclusion: The prevalence of some risk-taking behaviors among Iranian students is high. Our findings emphasize the importance of planning and evaluating preventive interventions by considering different high-risk behaviors simultaneously
40. Grains and Potato Consumption in Association with Anthropometric Measures and Blood Pressure in Iranian Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-IV Study
- Author
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Payab, M., Kelishadi, R., Ranjbar, S. H., Motlagh, M. E., Ardalan, G., Zahedi, H., Sanaei, M., Shafiee, G., Asayesh, H., Larijani, B., Mostafa Qorbani, and Heshmat, R.
- Subjects
lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,food and beverages ,lcsh:RA1-1270 - Abstract
Background: This study was aimed to investigate the association of consuming white rice and potato, as well as the bread type with anthropometric measures and blood pressure (BP) in a national sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: This nationwide study was conducted in 2011-2012 among 14,880 students, aged 6-18 years, selected by multistage cluster sampling from 30 provinces of Iran. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist -to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to- height ratio (WHtR), as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were measured. The self-reported frequency consumption of white rice and potato (daily or non-daily), as well as consumed bread type were asked. Results: The mean (SD) age of participants was 12.47 (3.36). They were consisted of 50.76% girls and 75.57% urban residents. The intake of white rice had significant positive association with anthropometric indices and SBP levels (P-value
41. Screen time and its relation to cardiometabolic risk among children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-III study
- Author
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Safiri, S., Kelishadi, R., Mostafa Qorbani, Abbasi-Ghah-Ramanloo, A., Motlagh, M. E., Ardalan, G., Shafiee, G., Ahadi, Z., Sanaei, M., Asayesh, H., Larijani, B., and Heshmat, R.
- Subjects
lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,lcsh:RA1-1270 - Abstract
Background: Among chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs), the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes is more prominent. CNCDs origin in early life; with sedentary habits, notably prolonged screen time (ST), leisure time spent on watching TV and working computer, suggested as one of their risk factors. We aimed to investigate the relationship between ST and cardiometabolic risk factors in a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 5,625 school students aged 10-18 were studied in the third national survey of a school-based surveillance program. For ensuring representativeness of sample, subjects were selected using multistage random cluster sampling method from urban and rural areas of 27 provinces in Iran (2009-10). ST was assessed through validated self-administered questionnaire, and cardiometabolic factors were determined. In addition, metabolic syndrome components were defined based on the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria modified for the pediatric age group. In addition, high total cholesterol (TC), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and generalized obesity were assessed as other cardiometabolic risk factors. Results: Mean age was 14.73±2.41. While, positive significant association was found between ST and abdominal obesity, blood pressure, levels of LDL-C and triglycerides (P
42. Methodology and early findings of the third survey of CASPIAN study: A national school-based surveillance of students' high risk behaviors
- Author
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Roya Kelishadi, Heshmat, R., Motlagh, M. E., Majdzadeh, R., Keramatian, K., Qorbani, M., Taslimi, M., Aminaee, T., Ardalan, G., Poursafa, P., and Larijani, B.
- Subjects
prevention ,risk behaviors ,Chronic diseases ,education ,lcsh:R ,surveillance ,risk factors ,lcsh:Medicine ,Original Article ,school health - Abstract
Background: A school-based surveillance system entitled the childhood and adolescence surveillance and prevention of Adult Noncommunicable disease (CASPIAN) Study is implemented at national level in Iran. This paper presents the methods and primary findings of the third survey of this surveillance system. Methods: This national survey was performed in 2009-2010 in 27 provinces of Iran among 5570 students and one of their parents. In addition to physical examination, fasting serum was obtained. Body mass index was categorized based on the World Health Organization growth charts. Findings: Data of 5528 students (2726 girls, 69.37% urban, mean age 14.7 ± 2.4 years) were complete and are reported. Overall, 17.3% (17.3% of girls and 17.5% of boys) were underweight, and 17.7% (15.5% of girls and 19.9% of boys) were overweight or obese. Abdominal obesity was documented in 16.3% of students (17.8% of girls and 15% of boys). 57.6% of families consumed breads, the staple food for Iranians, prepared with white flour. Most families (43.8% in urban areas and 58.6% in rural areas) used solid hydrogenated fats. 22.7% of students did not add salt to the table food. 14.2% of students reported to have a regular daily physical activity for at least 30 min a day. Overall, 10.4% of students (11.7% in urban areas and 7.3% in rural areas) reported that they used tobacco products, often waterpipe. 32.8% of students experienced at least three times of bullying in the previous 3 months. During the year prior to the survey, 14.46% of students had an injury needing the interference by school health providers. Conclusion: This survey is confirmatory evidence on the importance of establishing surveillance systems for risk behaviors to implement action-oriented interventions.
43. Prevalence of anemia in Iranian children: Findings of a clinical screening survey at school entry
- Author
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Jari, M., Roya Kelishadi, Ardalan, G., Taheri, M., Taslimi, M., and Motlagh, M. -E
44. A Nationwide Survey of Prevalence of Pediculosis in Children and Adolescents in Iran
- Author
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Amirkhani, M. A., Alavian, S. M., Maesoumi, H., Aminaie, T., Dashti, M., Ardalan, G., Ziaoddini, H., Mirmoghtadaee, P., Poursafa, P., and Roya Kelishadi
45. Using LMS method in smoothing reference centile curves for lipid profile of Iranian children and adolescents: A CASPIAN study.
- Author
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Hoseini, M, Amirhami, M.A., Sharebabaki, Rafiei, Ardalan, G, Akbari, S, Poursfa, P, and Kelishadi, R
- Published
- 2011
46. The impact of an after-school physical activity program on health-related fitness of mother/daughter pairs: CASPIAN study.
- Author
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Kargarfard M, Kelishadi R, Ziaee V, Ardalan G, Halabchi F, Mazaheri R, Poursafa P, and Hayatbakhsh MR
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of parental support and involvement in a low-cost intervention for the improvement of health-related fitness of high school girls through an after-school physical activity (PA) program. METHODS: This multi-site study was conducted in 2006-2007 in 7 provinces in Iran. The study population comprised of two groups of children. The first group consisted of 206 children who were randomly selected from female students (7th-10th grade) and their mothers (n=204). Another 60 children (without their mothers) were randomly selected as the control group. Overall, during 12weeks, 24 sessions of after-school aerobic exercise were held. Health-related fitness data were collected pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS: The findings are based on 470 participants. The after-school PA significantly improved body mass index, resting heart rate, cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility and muscle strength and endurance in children in both groups, and in mothers. Improvement in the physiological measures of the children in the mother/daughter group was significantly better than the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that after-school PA may provide an effective model for improving the health-related fitness of high school girls and their mothers. Our data show that family support, including mother's participation, contributes to enhanced health-related achievements in adolescent girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
47. Metabolically obese normal weight and phenotypically obese metabolically normal youths: the CASPIAN study.
- Author
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Kelishadi R, Cook SR, Motlagh ME, Gouya MM, Ardalan G, Motaghian M, Majdzadeh R, and Ramezani MA
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Priority strategic directions in adolescent health in Iran based on the WHO's Global Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents.
- Author
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Omidimorad A, Nazari M, Bahmanziari N, Soleymani MH, Barakati SH, Ardalan G, Aminaee T, Taghizadeh R, Motlagh ME, and Heidarzadeh A
- Subjects
- Humans, Adolescent, Iran, Health Promotion, World Health Organization, Adolescent Health, Accidental Injuries
- Abstract
Objectives: In line with the World Health Organization's Global Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents (AA-HA!) guidance, the goal of the current research was to identify critical strategies for adolescents' health and to determine the role and distribution of responsibilities among the leading players in the field of adolescent health in Iran., Methods: The current qualitative and applied study is part of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education's "Adolescent, Youth and School Health" plan to develop the "National Adolescent Health Plan Document" in 2020. First, stakeholder analysis was done, then a pool of nationally appropriate strategies was selected from the list of priority strategies recommended by the WHO in the AA-HA! through several group sessions. After that, the experts selected priority strategies based on the criteria of feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness, guaranteed resources, coordination with other plans and temporal priority, scoring, and executive priorities. Eventually, the priority strategies were assigned to different players/stakeholders in the field over several sessions bearing in mind the methods of implementation and the target groups., Results: The experts identified 58 priority strategies/actions for adolescent health under the seven priority areas of positive development, sexual protection, reproductive health, mental health, substance abuse, self-harm, violence, unintentional injury, communicable and non-communicable diseases, nutrition, and physical activity., Conclusions: The highest identified priority areas were in the areas of vaccination; special health care package for service providers; training and education to promote health literacy and self-care, life skills, sexual awareness, and prevention/protection against violence; community-based mental health services, planning for adolescents' spare time, substance use prevention., (© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Association between meal frequency with anthropometric measures and blood pressure in Iranian children and adolescents.
- Author
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Ahadi Z, Kelishadi R, Qorbani M, Zahedi H, Motlagh ME, Ardalan G, Shafiee G, Asayesh H, Larijani B, and Heshmat R
- Subjects
- Male, Female, Humans, Child, Adolescent, Iran epidemiology, Blood Pressure physiology, Obesity epidemiology, Obesity, Abdominal epidemiology, Obesity, Abdominal etiology, Meals
- Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the association of meal frequency with anthropometric measures and blood pressure in Iranian children and adolescents., Methods: In this national survey, 14,880 students with 6-18 years of age were selected by stratified multistage sampling method from urban and rural regions of 30 provinces of Iran. Meal frequency was assessed by a questionnaire prepared based on global school-based student health survey. Physical measurements included height, weight, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)., Results: The participation rate was 90.6% including 49.24% girls and 75.5% urban residents. Skipping breakfast and dinner were more frequent in girls than in boys (71.6% vs. 64.1%, 91.2% vs. 86.9%, respectively, P<0.05). Overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity were more prevalent in those who had two meals, one meal, or very low intake (P<0.001) than those had three meals. There were no significant differences in SBP, DBP, and blood pressure across to different meal frequency groups (P>0.05). Students who had very low intake and one meal per week had a higher risk of abdominal obesity compared with those who had three meals (OR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3-2.3, and OR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.4-2.0, respectively)., Conclusions: An inverse significant association between higher meal frequency and anthropometric indices was observed. Therefore, encouraging children and adolescents for regular meal intake should be considered as a health priority in the pediatric population.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Decomposition of socioeconomic inequality in growth disorders to its determinants in pediatric population: the CASPIAN IV study.
- Author
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Djalalinia S, Kelishadi R, Qorbani M, Sheidaei A, Emamian MH, Motlagh ME, Ardalan G, Asayesh H, Mahdavi Gorabi A, and Heshmat R
- Abstract
Purpose: The current study aims to evaluate socioeconomic inequality in growth disorders and its determinants in Iranian children and adolescents., Methods: In this nationwide cross-sectional survey, 14,880 students aged 6-18 years were selected through multistage cluster sampling method from urban and rural areas of 30 provinces of Iran in 2011. Socioeconomic status (SES) was calculated using principle component analysis. Socioeconomic inequality in growth disorders (including; underweight, excess weight, overweight, general obesity, abdominal obesity, and short stature) was assessed using concentration index (C) and slope index of inequality (SII). The Oaxaca Blinder decomposition method was used to determine determinants of this inequality., Results: Totally, 13,486 students participated in this study (participation rate: 90.6%), comprising 50.8% boys and 75.6% urban inhabitants. Their mean age was 12.47 ± 3.36 years with no significant gender difference. The prevalence of excess weight, overweight, and general and abdominal obesity increased linearly as SES increased, and the prevalence of underweight and short stature decreased linearly as SES increased. The C index for underweight and short stature was negative, which suggests that inequality was in favor of high SES groups, and regarding overweight, excess weight, general and abdominal obesity, the index was positive, indicating that inequality was in favor of in low SES groups., Conclusion: Our findings show a considerable inequality in prevalence of growth disorders in Iranian children and adolescents. These findings provide practical information for health policies and programs., Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.)
- Published
- 2021
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