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A great deal of the literature has underlined how job quality is a key element in individual well-being. However, the rise in platform work challenges this issue, since not only do “plat-firms” play an increasingly important role in job matching, work organization, and industrial relations, but they also increase the risks of a poorly inclusive socio-technical system in terms of the quality of working conditions and accessibility. In this sense, the platform economy is intertwined with multiple forms of social exclusion by acting on pre-existing inequalities that stratify workers within the labor market. This is particularly true in Italy, a country with a strongly dualistic labor market, which leads to a remarkable gap between insider and outsider workers. Therefore, the goal of our analysis is to evaluate the impact of the platform model on job quality in the Italian context. This will be accomplished by adopting an integrated and multidimensional perspective through the application of the OECD Job Quality Framework. The analysis identifies how job quality is differently affected by the type of platform work involved in terms of creating differentiated patterns of social inclusion/exclusion in the case of platform workers.

The main objective of this chapter is to analyse how the digital revolution intertwines with the processes that are transforming professionalism. In particular, we focus on the relationship between professional work and the transition to a new socio-technical system that has been defined as the platform paradigm or platform economy. We focus on the "within" dimension of the transformation of professionalism. From the data collected, despite the platform work debate often being centred on low-skilled manual workers, such as food delivery workers or couriers, it is clear that the professional services market represents a significant share of platform work. Our findings confirm the hypothesis that platform work, rather than being itself the driver of the processes that are transforming professions, is a mechanism that reinforces dynamics that are already in place in the expert labour segment, and that this leads to the emergence of what may be termed "platform professionalism" as a variant of organisational professionalism.

Davide Arcidiacono, Francesco Bonifacio and Ivana Pais present the third initiative of Part III in Chapter 9, ‘Consegne Etiche: the ethical platform for food delivery’. The experience of Consegne Etiche (Ethical Delivery), a cooperative of home-delivery services founded in Bologna, constitutes an alternative model to multinational platforms to provide a solution to the condition of riders and generate positive political pressure to transform the sector of urban logistics. The authors argue that unlike other experiences of solidarity building, the case of Bologna displays a remarkable synergy between the local administration and informal unions as the cooperative was promoted by the Municipality of Bologna with the collaboration of the Riders Union Bologna movement. This initiative embodies a more advanced step in the process of collaboration around the rights of delivery workers, moving from implementing reactive strategies of resistance towards the promotion of an ethical alternative adopting the cooperative model.

Nello scenario italiano, caratterizzato da uno scarso sviluppo dei sistemi di trasporto collettivi, lo spazio per i servizi di mobilità condivisa (o sharing mobility) sembra assai promettente e rappresenta il vero traino dell’economia condivisa nel nostro paese. Infatti, nonostante la prevalenza di un modello «individualistico» imperniato sul possesso e [sull’]uso di veicoli privati, la sharing mobility sembra riempire perfettamente gli «interstizi» che si snodano tra l’auto e il trasporto pubblico, i due principali mezzi utilizzati dagli italiani. Sicuramente gli aspetti più apprezzati sono legati alla flessibilità d’uso che queste nuove forme di mobilità mettono a disposizione dei cittadini, oltre ai vantaggi in termini di risparmio economico e di riduzione degli impatti inquinanti. Tuttavia, tra car sharing e car pooling, è il secondo a presentare maggiori potenzialità innovative. La condivisione di passaggi (o ride-sharing), infatti, sembra favorire la creazione di relazioni sociali e di fiducia tra gli utenti che decidono, grazie agli strumenti digitali, di condividere viaggi più o meno lunghi, amplificando gli effetti virtuosi della mobilità condivisa oltre a convenienza, sostenibilità e l’ estrema adattabilità. Gestire e innovare la mobilità urbana attraverso la condivisione significa, però, agire non solo sul piano delle infrastrutture o della varietà e complementarità delle reti di trasporto ma operare anche sulle competenze di mobilità e i fattori socio-cognitivi associati all’adozione di ogni mezzo di spostamento. L’accessibilità economica e culturale diviene, allora, un punto fondamentale su cui la regolazione e le politiche pubbliche possono svolgere un ruolo centrale per la promozione e l’efficacia dei sistemi di sharing mobility. Infatti, la diffusione e l’inclusività della mobilità condivisa incrociano direttamente le competenze digitali dei soggetti, la loro attitudine all’uso della moneta digitale (e pertanto devono essere bancabi

Multiple job-holding represents not only a widespread working condition but also a particularly multifaceted phenomenon. Although it has drawn research attention from various disciplines over the last decades, a comprehensive understanding of its current articulation and its recent transformations is still lacking. Hence, in the light of the changing socio-economic scenario, the paper aims at identifying the structural characteristics of the contemporary forms of multiple job-holding in Italy. It does so through a mixed-methods approach: a quantitative analysis of Istat and Eurostat data, aimed at identifying the main profiles of the multiple job-holders, is complemented by a qualitative analysis conducted through 27 semi-structured interviews oriented to deepen the main determinants (push or pull factors) underlying the choice to carry out more than one job at the same time and the consequences in terms of individual enrichment or depletion. The empirical analysis points out the emergence of three clusters of contemporary multiple job-holders, each displaying peculiar traits. Overall, the paper offers a threefold contribution. First, it proposes a systematization of the broad debate on the variety of multiple job-holding, still fragmented and discontinuous. Second, it offers an analytical framework for investigating the complex phenomenon of multiple job-holding – lacking in the literature – based on the Italian experience but transferable also to other labour markets characterized by different regulatory and institutional configurations. Third, it updates the debate undertaken in Italy since the 1980s on the issue of multiple job-holding by investigating the specificities of contemporary forms of multiple employment in the light of the transformed socio-economic and regulatory scenario.

The platform economy represents a new phase in the transformation of the organization and regulation of work, characterized by an increasing tendency to generate non-standard and flexible job that continue to stay outside the traditional forms of identification, protection and contractualization of labor. The aim of our analysis is to evaluate the impact of the platform paradigm on job quality of work by adopting the OECD Job Quality Framework within a qualitative research design based on the triangulation of data sources relating to various forms of platform work in Italy. The analysis highlights the diversification of risk profiles among platform workers and the platform's tendency to transform the quality of work from a right to a service provided to users.

Analisi netnografica degli annunci di lavoro on line in Italia

Time is one of the major concerns of our life (because decisions on how to allocate this resource are always the result of a compromise between natural and social norms. In particular, in Western societies there has been a transformation of social timing along fundamental lines; speeding, measurement, expansion and commodification . In the post-industrial phase, the meaning of time varies, in particular due to the disappearance of the traditional separation between working and non-working hours. There is a new "social rhythm” that risks a qualitative and quantitative depletion of temporal resources, generated by the recurring dynamic of a negative overlap between work and private life, and the overlapping of different layers of time.eople try to generate practices and strategies to reconnect to the fundamentals of social time such as time banks, which is a tool for mutualism and reciprocity within specific and territorially defined communities (residents of a neighbourhood or the human resources of a company). The system is configured as a proximity service that pools the scarce time resources of each person and redistributes them to support the needs of a member of the community. Through the time bank, the members of a community exchange services, the value of which is defined by the amount of time required, so that time acts as a type of currency. In this chapter, the objective is to see how motivations and exchange practices change in the transition of time banks from the off-line to the on-line system and what impact those changes have on reciprocal transaction mechanisms. The data collected refer to the transactions of one the most significant digital time-banking platforms currently operating.

A literature review of the economic and social impact of the sharing economy

The essay reports the results of a study about consumer satisfaction of Car2go service in Milan