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The scope of this paper is to analyze the relationship between the country's political redemocratization process from the 1980s onwards and the issue of identification, preservation and access to the archives of information and security bodies that worked to combat the opponents of the authoritarian regime during the military dictatorship (1964-1985). It addresses the dictatorship's action on university and scientific institutions, to highlight the importance of the archive of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, as well as the personal files maintained by scientists and donated to Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. It features archives and collections organized and available for public consultation, which can serve as research sources for historical studies on science and health during the dictatorship.

This article uses historical and ethnographic methods to examine the primarily East-Central European Interoceanmetal Joint Organization (IOM). I ask how and why the IOM has survived as an institution since its inception in 1987, working especially with the personal archive of Vratislav Kubišta. Kubišta was a metallurgist and former Deputy Director General at IOM who after retirement sought to develop a local deep-sea mining museum. This is a story about the work that archives do, but even more about how institutions maintain archives. I draw on recent work in the history and anthropology of time and archival practice to situate IOM's history and Kubišta's collection in narratives of ruin, the unbuilt, and the experience of multiple temporalities within spaces of resource speculation and anticipation. I suggest that IOM's history highlights the contingencies of resources in the temporality of indefinite pause, their attendant data, and scientific labor and life under the shifting political, economic, and scientific circumstances of the ongoing not-yet. In broadening the history of what is once more a hotly contested potential resource, this account speaks to the claims of contemporary would-be seabed miners, who frequently frame the practice in terms of innovation, urgency, and novelty.

Michel Jouvet (1925-2017) is one of the most important figures in the contemporary history of the neuroscience of sleep and dreams, and one of the most awarded French researchers of the last century. Yet this former CNRS gold medalist and winner of the Cino Del Duca World Prize remains little known-not to say unknown-outside the field of sleep medicine, especially in non-French-speaking countries, where the name of his American counterpart, William C. Dement, is more familiar. Often reduced to his experiments on cats and the discovery of what he called "paradoxical sleep," Jouvet left behind a rather unique body of work that includes not only countless publications on sleep and dreams-neurophysiological as well as ethnological and psychological-but also major contributions to clinical medicine, two novels and an impressive collection of personal dream accounts and drawings, which now make it possible to explore the nocturnal side of the last 50 years of his life. This article draws on unpublished archives to illuminate all these little-known and unknown aspects of Jouvet's life and work, highlighting his hidden links with 19th-century scientific oneirology and bringing to light its paradoxes., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

This article describes the organization, operation, and contents of the Virtual Historical Archive of the Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The organization of this archive started in 2008, as part of the activities planned by the Chair II of History of Psychology, and gained the support of the Faculty of Psychology. From its beginnings to the present, several documentary sources and materials related to the history of psychology in Argentina have been incorporated. It currently contains six thematic sections and three special collections, and it is expected that in the future it will be extended to other thematic areas. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Dr Nuri Fehmi Ayberk is an influential figure in the Turkish ophthalmology in training new specialists in the field and contributing to the fight against trachoma. This article includes his short biography, studies, information and cover pictures of some of his works from the original archive of Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of History of Medicine and Ethics, Fatma-Ömer Ekimci Library. He took an active role in the establishment of the Turkish Ophthalmological Association in our country (1928) and served as a founding member. Conducting such studies on the biographies and rare books subgroup of the history of medicine is an important contribution to ensure that the biographies of physicians who have left their mark in the past and have achieved success in different specialties are narrated, remembered, and the information and cover pictures of their works in different archives meet with the reader., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Historia is the property of Associacao Nacional dos Professores Universitarios de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Historia is the property of Associacao Nacional dos Professores Universitarios de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Author presents basic overview of the papers of the archivist and historian Theodor Anton Taulow von Rosenthal (1702–1779), founder and the first archivist of Home, Court and State Archives (Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv) in Vienna. Rosenthal created many historical works of varying extent and quality. These manucripts have never been published and are stored in Austrian State Archives in Vienna. Author tries to present a part of this collection stored in records Archivalische Arbeiten. These are the manuscripts focused primarily on Czech legal, administrative and ecclesiastical history and auxiliary historical sciences.

Author presents basic overview of the papers of the archivist and historian Theodor Anton Taulow von Rosenthal (1702-1779), founder and the first archivist of Home, Court and State Archives (Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv) in Vienna. Rosenthal created many historical works of varying extent and quality. These manucripts have never been published and are stored in Austrian State Archives in Vienna. Author tries to present a part of this collection stored in records Archivalische Arbeiten. These are the manuscripts focused primarily on Czech legal, administrative and ecclesiastical history and auxiliary historical sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the political aspects of the Peninsular War in the early 19th century, known in Spain as the Guerra de la Independencia Española (War of Spanish Independence). The author examines documents and other archived sources in the Portal de Archivos Españoles (Spanish Archives Portal), PARES, which has digitized such resources. He also analyzes the political institutions involved in the Peninsular War, particularly those of the French and Spanish governments. The history of the development of these national archives is also explored.

During the past half-century, an increasing number of American academic institutions established archives, and numerous academic archives owe their existence to efforts by dedicated historians to preserve and document their heritage. Although public interest in safeguarding heritage materials continues to grow, recent economic challenges confront twenty-first century academic archivists. The story of the origins of the Colorado State University Archives illustrates the influence of historians on the preservation of archival records and offers examples of archival outreach activities that support the institution's mission while building the repository. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The margins of several pages of the Aleppo codex have been found to be corroded and contaminated by diffuse maculae. In order to understand the origin of this decay these margins have been analysed by applying EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate plastic embedded with strong cation and anion exchangers and mixed with C 8 and C 18 hydrophobic resins) diskettes for harvesting surface material. The captured compounds have been eluted, digested with trypsin and analysed by nano-HPLC-MS. Three major strains of Aspergillus have been identified, namely Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus pseudoglaucus, Aspergillus amstelodami, together with a lactobacillus strain and human keratins. The novelty of this investigation is that for the first time the EVA technology has been applied to ancient parchments in the absence of mechanical deformation or distortion that could be induced if there had been water exchange between the EVA diskettes and the parchment. These findings should help curators to find suitable restoration protocols for these precious documents belonging to the world Cultural Heritage., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The action of fungi on books, documents, maps, and works of art on paper can result in inestimable cultural losses. Plus, some of the fungi present in paper documents, surfaces and air from archives, libraries and museums are also a threat to human health. This work aims to review the literature on the most important and frequent microfungal populations found in paper-based collections all over the world, and correlate these data with human health risks. A total of 71 studies, dating between 1997 and 2018 were reviewed and organized. From 27 different countries, 207 fungal genera and 580 species were reported. Chaetomium sp. and Fusarium sp. were found to be special contaminants in the air of archives and have been associated with paper biodeterioration. The most common fungi reported (e.g. Penicillium , Aspergillus , and Alternaria species) have an impact on paper conservation but can also cause adverse human health effects. The most frequent fungal species retrieved from discoloured paper materials are discussed in greater detail. Considerations on methods of identification and quantification of fungal contamination are also presented. Finally, the authors acknowledge an urgent need for standardizing research in this area and further studies are proposed.

RESUMO Este artigo condensa um trabalho minucioso de tratamento documental visando a descrição do arquivo da Secretaria de Governo da capitania de São Paulo, custodiado pelo Arquivo Público do Estado de São Paulo. Tendo por objetivo compreender a lógica de acumulação e produção de documentos do fundo mediante trabalho interdisciplinar que dialoga com a História e a Arquivologia, o tratamento aqui apresentado busca resgatar do interior dos arquivos a sua própria história. Respeitando os princípios arquivísticos segundo os quais a organização de um fundo deve representar a lógica de funcionamento da sua entidade produtora, contribuindo assim para o entendimento das funções e atividades geradoras dos documentos, o artigo lança luz também para os acidentados caminhos percorridos pelos arquivos da administração luso-brasileira até servirem de fonte para os historiadores.

Examines mortality and morbidity in São Leopoldo/RS (1850-1880). Our interdisciplinary study is based on the Gemeindebücher (parish registers) produced by Lutheran communities. These "community books" reveal high rates of fertility and premature death. Infant mortality and maternal death assailed everyday life. Over half of all deaths were of infants and children. Of ten funerals, seven were for children and adults of reproductive and military age. This article contributes to debates over environmental, social and political determinants of mortality and people's arts of living and healing in proto-statistical Brazil.

We have collected lab notebooks from Rod Wither's many years of experimentation, from laboratories in Houston and Los Angeles, as well as from several of his collaborators in the USA and overseas. The contents have been digitized, and in this note we explain the mechanism that has been set up to make the 'Withers Archive' available online.

The French psychiatric hospital Henri Ey in Bonneval (Eure-et-Loir, Central France) is known in the history of psychiatry for a series of conferences, which brought together several key figures in the mental health field in the 1940s. The conference sessions have been published in two major volumes: Le Problème de la psychogenèse des névroses et des psychoses (The Problem of the Psychogenesis of Neuroses and Psychoses, 1950), and L'Inconscient (The Unconscious, 1966). The proceedings consist of theoretical essays and minutes of the intellectual discussions between French psychiatrists, neurologists, psychologists, psychoanalysts and philosophers. We will analyze this network through an investigation into the archives of the journal L'Évolution psychiatrique (The Evolution of Psychiatry) in order to reconstruct the history of the intellectual life of French psychiatrists in postwar society, in the course of successive reforms in medical education (Debré and Faure Reforms, 1958-1968).

This paper presents an exploratory reflection on the question of individual experience by patients in psychiatric institutions, in its historical dimension. Are such experiences comprehensible through an analysis of the archives originating in the hospital? This reflection forms part of a study concerning the circumstances in which women were placed in psychiatric institutions, in Belgium during interwar period (1918-1940); its ultimate objective is to come to an understanding of the social, individual and familial situations that lead to a decision to intern a woman in a closed psychiatric institution. Here, the concept of experience is used to ascertain whether a different understanding of psychiatry is viable, that is to say, to understand it as a personal life-story and as a social fact. Could we, by dint of the psychiatric archives produced by medical institutions, go beyond institutional and medical issues, so as to understand how those placed in a psychiatric institution lived through their mental illness? The objective of this article is also to prepare several methodological markers with respect to issues of interpretation, of individual experience and of emotion. This article is not so much a summing-up of the results of research conducted in psychiatric archives, but rather a deliberation on the historian's approach and appropriate course of action on the question of first-hand experience in psychiatry.

This article constructs a new history of the birth of psychiatry that of its visual culture, through the study of heretofore unpublished and neglected archives.The analysis of artworks commissioned by the first French psychiatrists at the beginning of the nineteenth century highlights, in an exceptional way, the recognition of subjectivation and autonomy of the mentally sick person, which is the inherent hope of psychiatry's initial project.The artists who fulfilled the first psychiatrists' commissions expressed this ideal, which was conveyed both by the humanist philanthropy of early psychiatry and by the artistic vocabulary of the nineteenth century. These works thus display both a search for subjective expression and for objectivity. Some artists recognized this subjectivity in the sick persons: either in their portrayals of the ill as autonomous individuals; in portraits of psychiatrists, which infer the presence of the sick persons under the scrutiny of the doctor; and in the asylum architecture that addressed itself to the sick individual's sensibility and cognition.

The archives of the psychiatric institutions are often mobilized to investigate the history of the treatment of mental disorders and its modalities in our societies. From a patient's record, interned in the Hôpital du Bon Sauveur in the department of Manche in France in 1963, this article shows how these archives are part of writing a different story that of decolonization and particularly the independence of Algeria and the end of French colonization. In particular, studied the drawings by this patient and the way it reflects the collective history.

Objectives Discovered by following the story of a Parisian patient, l'Hôpital psychiatrique de Saint-Rémy opened in 1937 in the east of France. It is a special institution that was created for profit and in an emergency context during the 1930s.Methods Due to the absence of administrative records, the history of this institution can be written only by using the archives of the Parisian administration and patient records. The story of this special institution allows several issues in the historiography of psychiatry: the funding of mental health, the patient transfers, the revival of the criticism against the psychiatric hospital.Results The creation of this institution in the 1930s corresponds to a specific context of demographic and economic crisis and represents a new mode of management of chronic mental illness. L'Hôpital psychiatrique de Saint-Rémy is a new place of banishment for some populations at the end of the thirties as well as a source of profit for entrepreneurs bound to the most influential political and economic networks of time.Conclusions The history and the archives of the Hôpital psychiatrique de Saint-Rémy inform us about the evolution of the psychiatric assistance but also about the treatment of madness during a difficult time of the history.

This paper examines the history of Alfred Binet's Archives. It precises the formation of its different collections. It shows and studies the dispersal which often qualifies psychiatric archives and enlightens the difficulties of the historical work relative to this kind of source.

Few institutions have kept the vast majority of their records. It is the enviable position of l'IUSMM. The article describes the collection, the challenges of preserving and sharing with limited budget within a legal context protecting confidentiality.

This contribution argues that the study of early modern archives suggests a new agenda for historians of early modern science. While in recent years historians of science have begun to direct increased attention toward the collections amassed by figures and institutions traditionally portrayed as proto-scientific, archives proliferated across early modern Europe, emerging as powerful tools for creating knowledge in politics, history, and law as well as natural philosophy, botany, and more. The essay investigates the methods of production, collection, organization, and manipulation used by English statesmen and Crown officers such as Keeper of the State Papers Thomas Wilson and Secretary of State Joseph Williamson to govern their disorderly collections. Their methods, it is shown, were shared with contemporaries seeking to generate and manage other troves of evidence and in fact reflect a complex ecosystem of imitation and exchange across fields of inquiry. These commonalities suggest that historians of science should look beyond the ancestors of modern scientific disciplines to examine how practices of producing knowledge emerged and migrated throughout cultures of learning in Europe and beyond. Creating such a map of knowledge production and exchange, the essay concludes, would provide a renewed and expansive ambition for the field.

In recent years, historians of archives have paid increasingly careful attention to the development of state, colonial, religious, and corporate archives in the early modern period, arguing that power (of various kinds) was mediated and extended through material writing practices in and around archives. The history of early modern science, likewise, has tracked the production of scientific knowledge through the inscription and circulation of written records within and between laboratories, libraries, homes, and public spaces, such as coffeehouses and bookshops. This Focus section interrogates these two bodies of scholarship against each other. The contributors ask how archival digitization is transforming historical practice; how awareness of archival histories can help us to reconceptualize our work as historians of science; how an archive's layered purposes, built up over centuries of record keeping, can shape the historical narratives we write; and how scientific knowledge emerging from archives gained authority and authenticity.

In recent years, the history of archives has opened up rich possibilities for understanding early modern science and medicine in material terms. Yet two strands of inquiry, vital to understanding the development of science and medicine as "paper knowledge," have been left largely unpursued: the archiving of personal papers, as distinct from the formation of institutional archives; and the ways in which printed books and archival papers functioned in relation to each other. This essay brings these two strands to the forefront, considering in particular books published posthumously from the notes and correspondence left behind by Nicholas Culpeper, a popular mid-seventeenth-century English vernacular medical author, and John Ray, naturalist and Fellow of the Royal Society. Culpeper's and Ray's cases illustrate, in particular, the central role of women in preserving, circulating, and certifying the authenticity of medical and scientific papers and of any books published posthumously from them.

This essay explores the history of several archives that house the early modern records of Spanish imperial science. The modern "archival turn" urges us to think critically about archives and to recognize in the history of these collections an embedded, often implicit, history that--unless properly recognized, acknowledged, and understood--can distort the histories we are trying to tell. This essay uses a curious episode in the history of science to illustrate how Spanish archives relate to each other and shape the collections they house. During the late eighteenth century a young navy officer, Martín Fernández de Navarrete, was dispatched to all the principal archives of the Spanish monarchy with a peculiar mission: he was to search for evidence that the Spanish in fact had a scientific tradition. This essay uses his mission to explain how the original purpose of an archive--the archive's telos--may persist as a strong and potentially deterministic force in the work of historians of science. In the case of the archives discussed, this telos was shaped by issues as wide ranging as defending a nation's reputation against claims of colonial neglect and as idiosyncratic as an archivist's selection criteria.

Drawing on Terry Cook's famous challenge to the relationship of historians to the archive, this comment responds to the four preceding Focus essays, offering an examination of the roles, in particular, of acquisition and appraisal, canon formation, and place or location in the relationship that historians of science have with the archive.

In this paper I track the history of post-1945 human genetics and genomics emphasizing the importance of ideas about risk to the scientific study and medical management of human heredity. Drawing on my own scholarship as it is refracted through important new work by other scholars both junior and senior, I explore how radiation risk and then later disease risk mattered to the development of genetics and genomics, particularly in the United States. In this context I excavate one of the central ironies of post-war human genetics: while studies of DNA as the origin and cause of diseases have been lavishly supported by public institutions and private investment around the world, the day-to-day labor of intensive clinical innovation has played a far more important role in the actual human experience of genetic disease and genetic risk for affected families. This has implications for the archival record, where clinical interactions are less readily accessible to historians. This paper then suggests that modern genomics grew out of radiation risk; that it was and remains a risk assessment science; that it is temporally embedded as a form of both prediction and historical reconstruction; and that it has become a big business focused more on risk and prediction (which can be readily marketed) than on effective clinical intervention., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In this paper, I propose a strategy for navigating newly available archives in the study of late-twentieth century genomics. I demonstrate that the alleged 'explosion of data' characteristic of genomics-and of contemporary science in general-is not a new problem and that historians of earlier periods have dealt with information overload by relying on the 'perspective of time': the filtering effect the passage of time naturally exerts on both sources and memories. I argue that this reliance on the selective capacity of time results in inheriting archives curated by others and, consequently, poses the risk of reifying ahistorical scientific discourses. Through a preliminary examination of archives documenting early attempts at mapping and sequencing the human genome, I propose an alternative approach, in which historians proactively problematize and improve available sources. This approach provides historians with a voice in the socio-political management of scientific heritage and advances methodological innovations in the use of oral histories. It also provides a narrative framework in which to address big science initiatives by following second order administrators, rather than individual scientists. The new genomic archives thus represent an opportunity for historians to take an active role in current debates concerning 'big data' and critically embed the humanities in pressing global problems., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The Human Genome Archive Project (HGAP) aimed to preserve the documentary heritage of the UK's contribution to the Human Genome Project (HGP) by using archival theory to develop a suitable methodology for capturing the results of modern, collaborative science. After assessing past projects and different archival theories, the HGAP used an approach based on the theory of documentation strategy to try to capture the records of a scientific project that had an influence beyond the purely scientific sphere. The HGAP was an archival survey that ran for two years. It led to ninety scientists being contacted and has, so far, led to six collections being deposited in the Wellcome Library, with additional collections being deposited in other UK repositories. In applying documentation strategy the HGAP was attempting to move away from traditional archival approaches to science, which have generally focused on retired Nobel Prize winners. It has been partially successful in this aim, having managed to secure collections from people who are not 'big names', but who made an important contribution to the HGP. However, the attempt to redress the gender imbalance in scientific collections and to improve record-keeping in scientific organisations has continued to be difficult to achieve., (Copyright © 2015 The Author. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Historians working on recent science work close to where the archives are created or become accessible. Based on this experience, the essay presents a reflection on the archives of contemporary life sciences. It addresses three questions: firstly, what is special about the archival situation of contemporary sciences? Secondly, which sources do contemporary historians use and what opportunities and challenges do they offer? And finally, what potential changes to the archives of contemporary sciences are we witnessing? The essay draws a distinction between, on the one side, the history of science when the actors are still alive-a situation that presents a particular set of issues in respect to the available sources-and, on the other side, questions relating specifically to the life sciences at the turn of the millennium--a period which will eventually not be considered as 'contemporary' any more. It reviews changes in scientific practice, historiographical trends and archival practices and considers the place of paper records, digital sources, material artefacts and oral sources in the archives of contemporary sciences. It argues that the commercialisation and privatisation of science may prove a bigger problem for the future historian than the shift to the digital medium. It concludes by welcoming the closer interactions between scientists, historians, curators and archivists prompted by recent developments., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

During 70 years of existence of the Military Medical Museum one of its main goals was to create an archive of military medical documents, the formation of his ideology and collecting funds, saving and promotion of unique materials related to the history of Russia, feat of arms Defenders of the Fatherland in the wars of the XX century. Creating a military medical museum archive was conceived in the beginning of the Great Patriotic War by leading figures of the military medicine--E.I.Smirnov, S.M.Bagdasaryan, V.N.Shevkunenko, A.N.Maksimenkov, who offered to collect all materials about the work of physicians at the front and in the rear, to consider the archive as a base for scientific works on the history of the military health care. Today the archive was removed from the Army Medical Museum and now it is a branch of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (military medical records). His staff keeps the traditions established by predecessors and use in their activities a wealth of experience and background research.

The use of artifacts and objects from scientific medical collections and museums for academic teaching purposes are one of the main qualifying tasks of those institutions. In recent years, this aspect of scientific collections has again become on focus within academics. The collections offer a unique chance for visual and haptic forms of teaching in many fields. Due to the potential of scientific collections, educators in all branches in academic learning should be familiar with handling objects for such purposes.

This article discusses the availability and completeness of medical data on workers from the AREVA NC Pierrelatte nuclear plant and their possible use in epidemiological research on cardiovascular and metabolic disorders related to internal exposure to uranium. We created a computer database from files on 394 eligible workers included in an ongoing nested case-control study from a larger cohort of 2897 French nuclear workers. For each worker, we collected records of previous employment, job positions, job descriptions, medical visits, and blood test results from medical history. The dataset counts 9,471 medical examinations and 12,735 blood test results. For almost all of the parameters relevant for research on cardiovascular risk, data completeness and availability is over 90%, but it varies with time and improves in the latest time period. In the absence of biobanks, collecting and computerising available good-quality occupational medicine archive data constitutes a valuable alternative for epidemiological and aetiological research in occupational health. Biobanks rarely contain biological samples over an entire worker's carrier and medical data from nuclear industry archives might make up for unavailable biomarkers that could provide information on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.