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In line with rapid urbanization and the urgent need for the development of Malaysia, the number of tall buildings in this country has increased drastically over the past decades. However, most of the existing structures have not been designed for earthquake resistance. Therefore, this study focused on the analytical derivation of seismic fragility curves for concrete wall buildings with a roof garden. Two 25-story residential high-rise buildings with a similar architectural plan and number of stories but with different parking levels were subjected to 15 far-field earthquake records. Pushover and incremental dynamic analyses were employed to estimate the inter-story drift capacities and demands. A comparison between the results obtained from this study and those presented by other researchers showed that the additional mass of the roof garden significantly increased the probability of collapse; however, it had an insignificant impact on the probability of exceeding minor damage.

Introduction. Currently, visualization is recognized as one of the main criteria for the quality of space of the new model of a medical organization providing primary health care. Purpose of the study to establish the features of architectural and planning solutions for visualization systems of medical organizations providing primary health care. Materials and methods. The object of the study was the visualization systems of 94 medical organizations from seven constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in which all available internal and external visual elements were studied in person. As a basis for assessing visualization systems, the author's checklist was taken according to the ALIDS method of 50 indicators, united by common characteristics in five blocks: architectural planning and design solutions, transmitted information, levels and methods of visualization. The block «Architectural and planning solutions» was represented by 10 parameters. A nominal dichotomous score was assigned for each criterion. Results. The general architectural and planning solutions of visualization systems of medical organizations providing primary health care are at a satisfactory level (6,3±1,8 points). The greatest correspondence among the architectural and planning solutions of visualization systems of medical organizations was found in the characteristics of safety (93%), cleanliness (88%) and ergonomics of the location (79%) of elements, the least — in the presence of general infographic schemes (9%) and routing (3%). The level of architectural and planning solutions for visualization systems of medical organizations correlates with the complexity of the architectural plan of buildings (r=–0,423; pDiscussion. Improving visualization systems by improving the architectural and planning solutions of elements can lead to a significant reduction in the main and additional types of losses in lean production both on the part of patients and on the part of medical personnel. Conclusion. One of the main problems of organizing visualization systems in medical organizations is the lack of common maps with buildings, signs of entrances and other objects of the adjacent territory. The absence of a positioning sign on most schemes leads to a longer orientation in space, and in the case of placing the elements of the visualization system at the decision-making points, the intersection of patient flows and an increase in the risk of security breaches.

Vernacular architecture is highly compatible with local conditions and is often referred to as environmentally friendly and sustainable architecture. Today, due to issues that threaten the environment, re-paying attention to these compatibility methods and their application in contemporary architecture can be one of the priorities of architectural planning. This research seeks to answer the question of how vernacular architecture in mountainous regions is formed in order to adapt to local characteristics and particularly the role of semi-open spaces in this coordination. The article is a case study of the residential units in Kang village, Torqabeh city, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. For this purpose, the physical variables of the village, including how the village texture and its thoroughfares were established and formed, mass and space structure, the configuration of residential units and the formation of closed, open, and semi-open spaces, material types, building techniques, and construction details, and issues related to the openings of residential units are studied in 35 house samples of the village. The result shows that the physical planning of the village, in accordance with the principles proposed in the Mahoney table for cold semi-arid climates, causes the most passive heating. Examination of the physical characteristics of the semi-open spaces in relation to the residential unit shows that these spaces play a major role in coordinating the building with the coldness of the region.

Статья посвящена перипетиям истории проектирования и строительства здания Иваново-Вознесенского губернского сельскохозяйственного кредитного союза (Ивсельбанка) в городе Иваново-Вознесенске в 1927–1928 годах. Оно было построено по проекту советского конструктивиста В. А. Веснина, выбранному по итогам конкурса. В исследованиях градостроительного наследия основное внимание традиционно уделяют деятельности авторов проектов, пренебрегая ролью заказчиков и подрядчиков в осуществлении архитектурного замысла. Реализуемый в данной статье подход, напротив, стремится снять эту асимметрию: автор детально прослеживает все этапы строительства — от конкурса проектов и поиска финансирования до приемки здания, а также сеть связей между заказчиком, архитектором, финансовыми учреждениями, подрядчиками и местной прессой. Например, обсуждаются специфика поиска финансирования и территории, переговоров с подрядчиками. В центре же внимания оказывается сотрудничество председателя Ивсельбанка А. Н. Спиридонова и В. А. Веснина на всем протяжении строительства. Исследование проведено на основе архивных документов, в том числе впервые вводимых в научный оборот.

Tibetan Buddhist architecture embodies ancient Chinese architectural culture and religious culture. In the past, the information retention mechanisms for ancient buildings were implemented as photos, tracings, and rubbings, which cannot fundamentally document the authenticity of architectural heritage. To explore the digital retention method for the unique style of Han Tibetan architecture，this research that based on the idea of reverse documentation first collects point cloud data with the technical support of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) and then uses registration method to obtain the integral of the point cloud model of Baoguang Hall. This paper explores the possibility of extracting 2D and 3D information, such as architectural plans, facades, decorative components, and models of the temple architecture, by processing point cloud data. Finally, this study proves the feasibility of using digital technology for the preservation and protection of architectural heritage.

The historical center of São Luís is host to a diverse historic and urban ensemble, reminiscent of the 18th and 19th centuries. The architectural typology which can be found there illustrates the strong influence drawn from the Portuguese style known as Pombalino, developed during the reconstruction process of Lisbon after the 1755 earthquake. Due to the historical relevance of these buildings which encapsulate this period in time, it is important to preserve and maintain the buildings located in this region. Adaptive reuse projects have an important role to play in preserving architectural ensembles like this. The first part of the adaptive process is to document and understand the original configuration of the building with the aim of maintaining the elements with historical relevance. Therefore, this project proposes the use of a shape grammar approach to analyze floor plans, aiming to further contribute to adaptive reuse projects for ‘Sobrado’ buildings. The process focuses specifically on a case study building and aims to document and identify the specific placement of elements in the floor plan in an effort to provide a deeper understanding of future adaptive reuse.

In Japan, it appears that people with physical disabilities occupy group homes for people with disabilities at a lower rate than people with intellectual and other disabilities. Information on the architectural planning of group homes for people with physical disabilities is very scarce. In this study, we focused on wheelchair‐accessible group homes (WAGHs) for people with disabilities by conducting a questionnaire survey and an interview survey. The findings are as follows. (1) Residents in WAGHs are more likely to suffer from more severe disabilities than those in ordinary group homes for people with disabilities. (2) Compared to ordinary group homes for people with disabilities, WAGHs require a larger floor space, especially for the bathrooms and toilets. (3) New buildings are often used for WAGHs; however, acquiring land and buildings for them is a major problem.

Purpose: The Study is an exploratory study to propose design of elementary schools to control and prevent infection spread. In the COVID-19 pandemic, children are less likely to be infected and spread the disease. However, students had to take distance education for safety concern resulting learning gaps and care deficit. Schools are crucial facilities especially for younger children so it is important to make a safe learning environment. Method: First, This research conducted literature review to investigate empirical studies and identify environmental factors to control infection. In addition, infection cases were analyzed to identify the transmission modes and causes. Environmental factors to control COVID-19 were identified and classified into two categories; architectural planning and HVAC system planning. Second, the characteristics of school building were analyzed in the aspect of an infection control. Moreover, the study went through current COVID-19 prevention guideline for school review to find an improvement. Result: This study proposes design considerations for safer school environment, improving the current guideline for schools. Finding can be used to develop or improve current infection control guidelines for various facilities.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate Chinese municipal infrastructure management using urban landscape design smart technologies and to propose an adaptive approach to introduce the best policy and architectural sustainable planning in the country.Design/methodology/approachThe topic of urban environment design is deemed significant as no universal model for the implementation of landscape design ideas in China have been proposed yet.FindingsThe study presents the authors' socioeconomic and socio-ecological vision of the strategies closely related to sustainable development concept. Besides, the paper provides a comparative analysis of the developed vision and other studies' approaches to determining Chinese cities' readiness for the implementation of smart services, architectural and territorial planning in conformity with the laws of nature. The study uncovered the main directions and residents' preferences for the introduction of urban environment design technologies in the cities of China for sustainable management of territories.Originality/valueStep-by-step recommendations were developed for municipal infrastructure management. The article proposes directions for sustainable architectural planning and urban landscape design in compliance with the principle of harmonious human–nature coexistence and environmental safety.

Based on the concept of circular economy, this paper plans the agricultural production bases in the suburbs of the city, combines agricultural ecology to construct agricultural functional productio...

Dinas Kepemudaan dan Olahraga (DISPORA) Kota Salatiga merupakan salah satu organisasi pemerintah yang berfokus pada peningkatan prestasi olahraga dan potensi pemuda. Kesinambungan strategi bisnis dan TI adalah suatu proses yang selaras dan berkelanjutan. DISPORA sendiri saat ini belum sepenuhnya menerapkan sistem informasi yang saling terintegritas pada semua bidang yang ada. Perencanaan arsitektur enterprise dapat mengintegritaskan sistem saat ini dengan sistem yang akan datang. Metode yang digunakan adalah TOGAF ADM dengan cara melakukan wawancara dan observasi. TOGAF ADM adalah suatu metode yang terdiri dari langkah-langkah dalam perancangan arsitektur enterprise untuk perusahaan atau organisasi. Tahapan yang dilakukan hanya sampai fase Opportunities and Solutions. Hasil yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini adalah perlunya kesinambungan antar bidang agar kegiatan proses bisnis berjalan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan menghasilkan blueprint usulan SI/TI guna menjadi landasan strategi kegiatan proses bisnis Dinas Kepemudaan dan Olahraga Kota Salatiga.

Broader participation in land use planning processes by site users is often interpreted as a challenge to existing planning schemes. However, when participation becomes compulsory in planning proce...

In the 19 century, the Turkish and Azerbaijani architecture covered a way basically parallel to the development of architecture in the West. Since 1830s, the classicism in the Turkish and Azerbaijani architecture, and in the same way in the West European one, was forced out by retrospective imitations of historical architectural styles. With that in mind, architects pursued the objective to renovate and enrich full range of tools and methods based on outdated decorative fixtures. In the late 19- by the turn 20 centuries, aspirations to bring the architecture and construction together and thereby form an appropriate estimate gave an impetus to the advent of a new trend in architecture referred to as Art Nouveau. At the same time, the reviewed period was marked by formation of main principles and methods of the Turkish and Azerbaijani architecture that had sway over the new architecture of these countries. Testifying to the development of cultures of these countries later 19-earlier 20 centuries was enhanced diversity of edifices and buildings. Note that these structures preserved their genuineness along with local variations and in keeping with European cannons. Proceeding from the analysis of stylistic peculiarities of Turkish and Azerbaijani traditional forms and methods, technical and stylistic specificities of Art Nouveau, decorative-artistic solutions and symbols of forms in the architecture of Istanbul and Baku, it can therefore be concluded that the reviewed period mattered most in the architecture development. In view of this, the novelty of studies comes not from traditionalism but new approaches to the insight into forms, architectural planning and constructive peculiarities through identifying a place of the Turkish and Azerbaijani architecture in the history of the world architecture. The foregoing revealed the fact that the Turkish and Azerbaijani architecture made a weighty contribution to the development of the world architectural heritage of the end 19-beginning 20 centuries. The point at issue is about conditions predetermining the development of new spatial-dimensional, architectural-design and constructive peculiarities of the Turkish and Azerbaijani architecture, as well as the development of residential-public buildings and basic typological groups of these edifices.

This research is a part of previous research that succeeded in producing business model architecture planning, the purpose of this study was to develop previous research using the measurement method of business model maturity as a proposed business model architecture planning concept. By taking the same case study theme as the Tiara Payung Putra (TPP) company. TPP is known as a distributor company in cooperation with Pertamina (Bulk LPG Freight and Filling Station). TPP's main business activity is distributing goods in the form of LPG to 76 bases spread across Balaraja district. The current condition of the business model architecture illustrates the business activities that exist in the TPP. The main problems that occur in TPP are not integrating external systems with internal business activities in the company, and lack of IT resource support. For this reason, the Business Process Maturity Model is needed as a benchmark, which can be proposed as a business architecture planning concept. The business process maturity model process is supported by data validation obtained through respondents, namely business stakeholders in TPP, the process for validating the data by distributing the Assessment questionnaire consisting of 8 Parts the Business Process Assessment model, and 3 Parts for IT Application Readiness Assessment. support of the Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) Framework method which focuses on the business model architecture domain. The architecture of the business model illustrates how TPP carries out business activities and functions to achieve its objectives. The results of this study produce the proposed business model architecture planning concept in the form of Business Model Maturity Level Measurement, the IS / IT architecture concept, and the Business Architecture Planning roadmap, which are beneficial for the Tiara Payung Putra (TPP) company for the business model architectural planning

In December 2019, Michael Falser, of the University of Heidelberg, a specialist on heritage preservation and the art and architectural history of South and Southeast Asia, published his two-volume study, Angkor Wat: A transcultural history of heritages, which he had spent almost ten years researching. The volumes cover the history of research of the most famous monument in Cambodia, Angkor Wat, the world's largest religious monument, listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1992. The two volumes include more than 1,400 black-and-white and colour illustrations, including historical photographs and the author's own photographs, architectural plans and samples of tourist brochures and media clips about Angkor Wat, which has been represented as a national and international icon for almost 150 years, since the 1860s.

The swiftly mounting world energy consumption has sparked questions regarding supply constraints, the collapse of energy resources, and dense environmental effects. Although the construction industry has much developed, yet construction is still a difficult, and costly process. Consequently, there is a necessity to find additional energy-efficient and cost-saving substitutes to sustain the urbanization of houses at a reasonable price to low-income groups. This study aims to provide an energy-efficient proposal for a housing scheme with strict control over cost allowing the low-income groups to enjoy livability stemming from the thermally comfortable and cost-saving technology. For this purpose, visits and surveys were carried out to critically analyze the respective housing scheme. Two proposals were suggested i.e. Proposal A by applying a low-cost technique called a Rat-trap bond to the walls and Proposal B, by designing an architectural plan for proficient utilization of space along with Rat-trap bond. Proposal B is highly recommended for construction as it saves 799 units of electricity and is 28% cost-effective during the construction phase than the existing housing unit. Summarized results were prepared from cost analysis and Ecotect analysis which ascertains the proposal to be energy efficient in addition to low cost. It is recommended to invest in cost-effective and energy-efficient technologies at the governmental level so that the challenge of inadequate housing can be answered once and for all.

This paper is a report on a discovery of an ancient human settlement next to the Faydhat Nayif pond in the AsSubbiyah area, north of Kuwait Bay, Kuwait. It also presents a description of the site and its artefacts. The settlement, named by the author Faydhat Nayif Archaeological Site, is composed of two parts, the main cluster of gallery remains and a small satellite, the Sonna Village. The main site contains foundations of around fifty galleries. The state of preservation of the foundations varies from excellent to weak. The dominant architectural plan for the galleries is a rectangle. Infrastructural components associated with the foundations are iron smelters and iron tools. Artefacts include fabricated iron tools, fishhooks and fishnets, pottery fragments, glass shards, and animal bones. The craft of the inhabitants revolves around iron smelting and tool fabrication, and hence, the “blacksmith” status. The research method followed in the research is simple classical surveying techniques utilizing a Brunton compass and a measuring tape. Imaging of the galleries used digital cameras. The settlement displays three styles of construction. The first style is that of a faint triangle, seen mostly in the southern and western sides of the site. The second style shows as a rectangle, with most galleries containing two rooms and external bathrooms. The third style of construction is similar to the second style, except for the presence of wood vestiges and the gypsum lining of the gallery walls. These differences between the three styles suggest three episodes of occupancy. One of the occupancies was by the AsSubbah tribe. The site served repeatedly as a center of population and pilgrim rest area, as well as cultural exchanges in the last 1500 years.

The study is aimed at developing a modern model of a rural settlement that corresponds to the socioeconomic conditions of the market economy in Kazakhstan and modern ideas about architectural planning solutions of an aesthetic nature. The proposed model will help researchers, experts, specialists in preparing recommendations for the development of rural settlements of various levels, depending on the administrative and economic significance, population size, national, regional characteristics. Villages at the present stage of development of Kazakhstan vary significantly both in importance (farm center, rural districts, etc.) and in population size (from 5,000 to 50 people), as well as in the status of territorial zones (residential and industrial zones).The study has allowed to:- reveal the dynamics of the development of rural settlements, their architectural and planning structure in time and space;- determine the dominant factor and priority approach to the formation of the architectural and planning structure of the village at each historical stage;- identify the reasons for the degradation of the architectural and planning structure of villages in the historical context;- define that the architectural and planning structure with the traditionally clear functional zoning of villages has been gradually replaced by diffuse-penetrating structure;- reveal that the mutual position of the main functional zones has changed, the production zone and the community center have undergone the greatest transformation;- develop a theoretical model of the formation of the architectural and planning structure of rural settlements; identify the main aspects and principles of its formation.

The rapid processes of global motorization, which Ukraine has not avoided, have a growing impact on various aspects of modern society, on the formation of a new urban environment and transport system. At the same time, to create favorable conditions for Ukraine's integration into the EU needs to address infrastructural issues: the systematic organization of facilities for storing cars in general in cities with the provision of their architecture- accessibility, versatility, economy, energy efficiency and more. First of all, this applies to the largest cities, where about 45% of the total urban population of the state live. An acute urban and transport problem is the problem associated with the allocation of areas for transport facilities: parking lots (garages), gas stations, service stations and other car service facilities. In the absence of free space, the cost of urban land increases. Based on this, there is an urgent need to develop modern methods and techniques that allow more efficient use of land resources. One of the possible methods of solving the problem of organizing parking lots is to build them into the lower floors of public buildings for various purposes. The generalization of foreign and domestic design and construction practices made it possible to determine that one of the first examples of built-in parking lots (garages) are two 60-storey residential and office centers in Chicago (USA) on the shores of Lake Michigan, called Marina City (1964). The construction of these centers gave impetus to the architectural and planning organization of buildings and structures for the rational solution of parking in the lower above-ground floors of residential buildings and public buildings and structures. The article summarizes foreign and domestic practice of designing and building such parking lots. It is determined that with a high density of buildings in Ukrainian cities, the method of embedding in the lower floors of public buildings and structures is developing. This reception will be in demand especially in the transition of vehicles to electric vehicles. At the same time, the analysis of domestic regulations on the placement of parking lots revealed the absence of provisions on the possibility of embedding them in the lower above-ground floors of public buildings and structures. However, in the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) countries and in the developed countries of the world, such provisions exist, which helps to increase the level of comfort of public services and allows rational and intensive use of the city. Based on the results of research and suggestions, it should be noted that the practice of design and construc- tion reveals the possibility of applying the existing requirements of current state building codes of Ukraine for underground garages, which should be extended and for car parks (garages) located on the lower above-ground floors of other buildings, in particular public buildings. This requires changes and additions to the current urban planning, typological and fire regulations, which are planned to be developed on the basis of this study.

El flujo de conocimiento de una industria basada en riesgos (aeroespacial) hacia otra encargada de producir objetos habitables terrestres, es necesario para ilustrar la función democrática de la arquitectura- En ese orden, el objetivo de este artículo es determinar cómo esa dinámica ilustra la acción liberadora de la profesión, usando una metodología de análisis que toma los conceptos autenticidad, policromía, exactitud, responsividad y habitabilidad (estrategias seminales aeroespaciales); aplicados a la planificación arquitectónica. Como resultado, se descubren principios originarios, componentes intangibles (informadores) y tangibles (formadores) que hacen de la arquitectura un campo eficaz para expandir libertad intelectual.

Following the model of work on architectural plans for St. Peter’s church, this article takes Antonio da Sangallo the Younger’s fortification drawings for the Vatican Borgo and applies a scale analysis based both on the inscribed scales and real-world dimensions. The result is the specification of several scales beginning at 1:1000 for a very detailed survey of the medieval fortification to 1:2666 for Leonardo Bufalini’s map, based on Sangallo’s drawings.

Siting, reconstruction, modernization of libraries in the unadapted premises has always been and remains till now a challenging practical problem in the global librarianship, which in each case obtains unique, unconventional solution. Soviet architects involved in the design of libraries — F.N. Pashchenko, L.Z. Amlinsky, V.G. Gelfreikh, A.R. Zimonenko and others — contributed to the development of this problem. They laid the modern and progressive theoretical and methodological foundations of the interdisciplinary section of library science — architecture and construction of library buildings which is actively developing in the 21st century, making the transition from the long-standing concept of the library as a repository for books to understanding it as a constantly changing, flexible and technological information space for all its subjects — visitors, readers and employees. Actualization of the complex task of creating a comfortable environment for the reader and librarian in the adopted for this purpose architectural space has come to the fore. The purpose of the article is to present an original approach in the pre-project study of the University library located in the Palace building in the form of an individual matrix of ideas and solutions. For the key conceptual ideas in the matrix of possible redesigning of the University scientific library the authors chose human centrism, openness, mobility and uniqueness. The paper presents architectural plans of the library, performed by master’s students of the St. Petersburg State Art and Industry Academy named after A.L. Stieglitz under the guidance of the architect-artist, Professor V.P. Timonin, as well as the matrix of ideas and possible solutions for the transformation of the material space of the library of the St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture, prepared by Professor M.N. Kolesnikova. The results of this work are of practical interest from the point of view of architectural design of libraries in the premises of historical buildings, that is an urgent global problem, as well as of theoretical interest for the development of modern library science in its sections related to library design, material and technical base of libraries and library imageology.

This paper presents a historical analysis of the response of the government and the people after the June 1863 and July 1880 earthquake disasters. It provides a discussion of the extent of damage caused by the two earthquakes, and the post-disaster responses of the Spanish civil government in Manila and the central government in Madrid. This study also narrates the varying interpretations of the earthquakes, from the point of view of the Church, and from the perspective of the scientific community.The two earthquakes became profound catalysts for the changes that had taken place in its immediate aftermath. First, it prompted the civil government to initiate and implement a systematic disaster response plan and to institutionalize earthquake studies as a prerequisite in crafting seismic engineering and architectural plans for the communities. Second, what transpired after the two earthquakes revealed the long-standing problems in the bureaucracy and the need to implement modern and scientific approaches to urban planning and infrastructural integrity of the city. Ultimately, these catastrophic events paved the way for the institutionalization of scientific, architectural, and public engineering reforms in the colony.

The furnaces of Salamanca were built during the period in which the British Tobacco Company operated in this area of the Region of Coquimbo in Chile (1960's to 1990's). A semi-industrial model of tobacco production was inserted, in which local farmers received technical training and materials to grow tobacco plants. During a first period the company bought green tobacco leaves, while later encouraging the sale of dried tobacco. This meant that local producers had to build their own furnaces, under the company's technical instructions. These instructions were delivered through architectural plans produced by the company, which were interpreted by local farmers according to their own vernacular construction knowledge. This combination resulted in a huge variety of constructive techniques – primarily based on earth – represented in one only architectural form. A cadastre accomplished by the authors in 2019 registered examples of furnaces built with adobe, quincha, tabique and a combination of several of these building systems. Similar systems also present variations - expressed especially in the use of different earthquake-resistant devices. These attend to variable economic conditions and constructive cultures of the local farmers. This article presents the register of 24 furnace ensambles located in 7 areas of Salamanca, characterized according to their construction type and state of conservation. These entries provide information on the richness of vernacular construction of the area and the efficiency of case-specific building solutions.

The article presents an analysis of the prevailing architectural and planning structures of the cities of Kyrgyzstan at the present stage of development. The types, character, and direction of development are described. A review of studies and authors who conducted their research on the formation of the planning structure of small and medium-sized cities of Kyrgyzstan is presented. Modern conditions for the development of cities have a strong impact on the state of the architectural and planning structure, in the economic, socio-cultural, environmental and regulatory aspects, which is reflected in the territorial development of the city. The cities of Kyrgyzstan, at the present stage of development of the architectural and planning structure, “outgrew” their administrative borders and formed territorial urban planning systems.

With the advent of technology, architecture has also benefitted by applying tools and equipment instead of conventional manual works. Computational technology has come to the aid of the design process. There is a shift from hand drawing to computer-aided design. Drawing had become more of a tool to explore design ideas and express proposed solutions. The coordination between hand and mind will remain superior until those tools progress. The physical human conditional gesture continues with reliability and is still relevant in idea generation and presentations. But in recent years, technology has driven architectural computing into a new exploratory domain. This research aims on building a procedural 3D model using a pixel-based tracing of the sketch of an architectural plan. The proposed method blurs the line between hand sketching and CAD, thus providing a quicker solution in visualizing the design. The point generated by vectorizing the bitmap data is used to achieve the desired curve. It is all done in a fully parametric model where the user has control over the properties for modeling. Finally, we validate our result with a study in which we compare the conventional modeling tools and establish a system to build the 3D model from an architectural plan. This study helps in believing that CAD and hand drawing could perfectly coexist and finding the right balance in architectural design.

The article analyzes the perception of visual characteristics of the urban environment in terms of cultural values represented in this process. The analysis is based on a sociological study of the cities in the Southern Federal District, conducted by the authors in 2018. Considerable attention is given to the city dwellers’ contradictory attitudes to the city and the factors that bind it with a person. The study attempts to reveal how assessment of the visual urban environment depends on the type of the city. It is shown that the most acute contradictions include the gap between attachment to the city as a “small homeland” and its actual condition (architectural planning solutions, aesthetic appeal, cleanliness in public places, etc.), increased visualization of social inequality, imbalance in the content of monumental propaganda, dissatisfaction with the general cultural level of city dwellers. The study reveals the city dwellers' controversial attitude to the content of advertisements: residents of small cities tend to evaluate them from a more traditionalist standpoint. The practical value of the obtained results is due to the fact that they may contribute to the improvement of visually perceived urban environment and municipal strategic planning.

This article aims to develop a counterpoint between the notions of body and spatiality traditionally present in architecture and urban planning and those observed in dance, in particular Butoh ballet. On this purpose, we analyze the forms of representation, the morphology and history of classical architecture, purposing the concepts of bodyspace and spacetime in the work of Min Tanaka and in Butoh dance in general. From this comparison, we intend to understand new possibilities and definitions of perception and interaction between space and body in movement and architectural planning.

The village of Pageraji is one of the village governments located in the western capital of Banyumas Regency. The process of administration services in Pageraji Village still uses conventional systems. Based on the analysis of the problem, researchers will make planning the enterprise architecture to know in detail the business process and the stages in the Pageraji Village hall. The method used is TOGAF ADM by using four stages, namely architecture stage of vision, business architecture, information system architecture, and technology architecture. The overall analysis of the results of 4 phases of TOGAF ADM obtained the conformity between architectural needs and the recommended architecture seen from the results of analysis of requirement management with the four stages of TOGAF ADM. The results of this study are architectural planning companies.

The article deals with the factors that influenced the architectural planning structure of small historical cities of Podillya. The features of influence of historical events of XIV-XVII centuries, colonization processes on the development of the region and reflection of this influence in the architectural and planning structure of small cities of Podillya are considered. The significant influence of Polish culture on the intensity of development of small towns of Podillya in the period XIV - XVII centuries is highlighted and analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the importance of connecting the urban planning process in the region to the pan-European architectural process through the introduction of the latest architectural and planning technologies and construction techniques. The role of Polish ethnoculture in shaping the architectural and aesthetic image of Podillya has been determined., У статті розглянуто процес розвитку міського середовища Поділля , що пов’язаний із економічними, соціальними, культурними особливостями регіону. Важливим аспектом формування та розвитку малих історичних міст України, зокрема Поділля, є неоціненний спадок тисячолітнього історичного шляху регіону і вкладу різних етносів у формування поселень, а у подальшому їх розвитку у категорію міст. У статті розглядаються фактори, що вплинули на формування архітектурно-планувальної структури малих історичних міст Поділля. Розглянуті особливості впливу історичних подій XIV-XVII століть, колонізаційних процесів на розвиток регіону та відображення цього впливу в архітектурно-планувальній структурі малих міст Поділля, формуванні мережі міст і містечок, що ідентична сучасному розміщенню, чому сприяла політика польського уряду в колонізації Поділля, а також розбудова міст на Магдебурзькому праві. Висвітлена роль польських магнатів, які залучали до відродженні старих поселень польських переселенців і створювали нові поселення як висілки існуючих міст і містечок і як окремі маєтки. Висвітлено і проаналізовано суттєвий вплив польської культури на інтенсивність розвитку малих міст Поділля у період XIV – XVII століть. Розглянуто типи міст і містечок, що виникли на тлі історичного розвитку регіону під впливом польської етнокультури та привнесення принципів забудови по типу «ідеального» міста доби Ренесансу. На прикладах малих міст Поділля XVI-XVII ст. проаналізовано їх формування під впливом містобудівної культури Речі Посполитої, результатом впливу якої були реалізовані містобудівні проекти часів Відродження на території Поділля та зростання ролі західноєвропейської архітектури і місто-формуючого процесу на українських землях, що стало одним із яскравих виявів активного входження Поділля в загальноєвропейське культурне середовище цього історичного періоду через привнесення новітніх архітектурно-планувальних технологій і будівельних технік. Визначено роль польської етнокультури у формуванні архітектурно-естетичного образ Поділля. Означено її вклад в розвиток архітектури та містобудування регіону через застосування загальноєвропейських методів архітектурного планування та техніки будівництва в архітектурно-будівельному процесі.

У статті обґрунтовується необхідність гармонізації кольорів в процесі проектування та реставрації архітектурних будівель та споруд. Запропоноване дослідження звертає увагу на можливі способи отримання гармонійності кольорів у архітектурному проектуванні. В статті описана методика використання гармонійного підбору кольорів із застосуванням спектральних кольорів у проектах архітектурного спрямування. Автором зроблено акцент на отримання позитивних результатів на різних стадіях реалізації проекту. Встановлено, що дотримання певних закономірностей і підпорядкувань буде успішним, з огляду збереження конкретних параметрів колористичних передумов та завдань., The necessity of color harmonization in the process of designing and restoration of architectural buildings and structures is substantiated. The proposed study draws attention to possible ways of obtaining color harmony in architectural design. The article describes the technique of using harmonious color matching with the use of spectral colors in architectural projects. It has been established that compliance with certain laws and subordinates will be successful in order to preserve specific parameters of coloristic prerequisites and tasks. The author focuses on obtaining positive results at different stages of project implementation. The purpose of the study is a technique for selecting harmonious colors for the purpose of their application in architectural and design works in different directions. The system-oriented logical use of color in architecture and design will enable the qualitative use of color harmonization techniques in design and theoretical development. Using the octave method of selecting and applying the modular approach opens up the positive results of harmonization. The following examples of color harmonization techniques demonstrate that an analytical approach to the design task produces a positive result in architectural aesthetics. Similarly, as a result of skillful application of methodical techniques for the use of color in the applied aspects of architectural design, we can get positive results in working architectural projects. Such possibilities are real when using the octave principles of harmonization. The purpose of the study is a technique for selecting harmonious colors for the purpose of their application in architectural and design works in different directions. The system-oriented logical use of color in architecture and design will enable the qualitative use of color harmonization techniques in design and theoretical development.

PurposeThis research introduces a hypothesis for establishing typologies and patterns for architectural plans based on their climate, culture and orientation. The repetition and reproduction of spaces in architectural plans are rooted in mathematical equations. Factorial and permutation formulae are the type of equations used as scientific tools to define typology. In addition, a new perspective on culture and privacy in line with the Arabic house is included to illustrate the practicality of restricted plans according to cultural needs.Design/methodology/approachTo make the approach accessible, the theory is integrated into a software using C++ as the programming tool. Accordingly, all patterns and typologies are reproduced by inserting digits or numbers to simulate the process of using permutations and factorials for the creation of diagrammatic patterns and, subsequently, architectural plans.FindingsThe authors recommend that this method be integrated in future housing studies at earlier stages to obtain a high number of alternatives for architectural plans. The results of mathematical permutation of this study will help architects and designers to evolve their methods and processes through creating alternative patterns and culture (and climate)-specific typologies to provide more design possibilities.Originality/valueThis study is set to improve the adjacency diagram theory into the adjacency diagram with orientation theory, which accounts for the geographical orientation to obtain more comprehensive and climate-responsive patterns.

This research is a part of previous research which succeeded in producing business model architecture planning, the purpose of this research is to develop previous research using business model maturity measurement methods as a proposed business model architecture planning concept. By taking the same case study theme as Tiara Payung Putra (TPP) company. TPP is known as a distributor company in cooperation with Pertamina's (Bulk LPG Filling and Filling Station). TPP's main business activity is to distribute goods in the form of LPG to 76 bases spread across the Balaraja district. The current condition of the business model architecture illustrates the business activities that exist in the TPP. The main problems that occur in the TPP are not integrated the external system with internal business activities in the company, and the lack of IT resource support. For this reason, the Business Process Maturity Model is needed as a benchmark, which can be proposed as a business architecture planning concept. Support for the Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) Framework method focuses on the business model architecture domain. The architecture of the business model illustrates how TPP carries out business activities and functions to achieve its objectives. The results of this study produce proposed business model architecture planning concepts in the form of Business Model Maturity Level Measurement, SI / IT architecture concepts, and Business Architecture Planning roadmap, which are beneficial for Tiara Payung Putra (TPP) company for business model architecture planning.

At present, the Chinese construction industry has begun to apply artificial intelligence technology to the research of the construction industry, and it has attracted the attention of many researchers. At present, the main application method is in the construction of the internal system of the intelligent building, use the neural network system, the mold control system, the expert system, and the intelligent decision-making system to achieve the goal of the intelligent building service. This article will analyze the overall situation of artificial intelligence applications in intelligent construction at this stage, based on artificial intelligence technology, and study in detail the application of artificial intelligence systems in various aspects of intelligent construction. Re-excavate the connotation of the urban texture with the methods of quantification and data analysis. Take the texture data of multiple cities as an example, and use methods such as image dimensionality reduction, k-means clustering, convolutional neural network classification, and machine learning to build urban images. The identification and evaluation system finally concludes that in the existing evaluation system, the total economic score, the total soft economic score, the environmental score, and the sanitation score have the greatest correlation with the recognition results of urban texture. Among them is the environmental score. The correlation of health scores is in line with the common cognition of urban research scholars, and the calculation results of total economic scores and total soft economic scores indicate that urban architectural planning and its layout are hidden from the economic situation of the city, and also prove artificial intelligence based on image recognition is necessary to mine city information and evaluate it.

A collaborative study concerning the cathedral of Orleans in France is in progress. This study involves historical and archeological aspects as well as a global 3D survey. Yet, about 400 laser scanning stations were performed to progressively build the digital replica of the cathedral. After scanning registration, architectural plans (vertical and horizontal) of the gothic cathedral and its roman remains, including basement, were extracted.

The site of Göbekli Tepe in southeastern Turkey keeps fascinating archaeologists as it is being exposed. The excavation since 1995 has been accompanied by a lively discussion about the meaning and implications of its remarkable early Neolithic megalithic architecture, unprecedented in its monumentality, complexity and symbolic content. The building history and the chronological relations between the different structures (enclosures), however, remain in many ways a challenge and open to further analysis. The study presented here is an attempt to contribute in this direction by applying a preliminary architectural formal analysis in order to reconstruct aspects of the architectural design processes involved in the construction of the monumental enclosures. This is done under the premise that such investigation would shed light on thechaîne opératoireof the enclosures' construction and their history, thus enabling a fresh look as well as an evaluation of past suggestions regarding these structures and the people who built them. Indeed, the results of the analysis brought to light an underlying geometric pattern which offers a new understanding of the assemblage of architectural remains indicating that three of the stone-built large enclosures were planned and initially built as a single project.

Using elements derived from what marks a place as singular is key to contemporary placemaking, understood as a primary objective of the theory of critical regionalism. The need to create humane, remarkably local architecture and to minimize the effects of universal and international clich?s, in order to avoid the danger of making architecture locally unfounded and to invest it with meaning and a sense of place, certainly poses a challenge for every modern architect. This paper deals with the issue of contextuality and approach to the character and urban matrix of a place, as characterizing the buildings in the Western Serbian city of Uzice designed by architect Mihajlo Timotijevic. A critical approach is adopted in analyzing Timotijevic?s architectural plans and buildings constructed in Uzice, in the attempt to show that the architect takes a genuine interest in the local topography and that which is called placemaking. The main goal of this research is to underline the fact that Timotijevic?s ability to perceive and read the messages sent by a place, materialize its distinctivness and easily incorporate a "sense of place" in architectural spaces has given the city of Uzice a new image, by integrating the spirit of the regional with that of the contemporary. The research results are particularly pertinent to contemporary architectural theory and practice, both in Serbia and the region, as a comprehensive, multifaceted example of a good practice of critical regionalism.

The city of Brasilia, Brazil, is internationally known for its modern architecture based on the urbanism project of Lucio Costa, which contemplated the urban center. Nowadays, despite partial planning and being one of the most famous urban landscapes in the world, the city presents frequent and challenging problems, among which we can highlight the countless cases of floods in various sectors of the urban area. This research had the objective to analyze the processes of use and occupation of the land in two drainage basins of first-order located in different urban nuclei full of paradoxes. Two drainage basins were selected, one located in Asa Norte, that is, inserted in the original planning of Lucio Costa, and another located in a region of recent urban expansion called aguas Claras. For both basins, the analysis of land use was carried out in two distinct periods, 1964 and 2019. The results indicate that the city advanced exponentially over the original vegetation areas, with changes above 500% of the replacement of savannah by urban area. It should also be noted that the mere architectural planning of the city did not take into account the essential characteristics of the territory, since basic elements, such as topography and relief, that provide extremely relevant subsidies for drainage systems, were relegated.