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Users of computer networks may benefit from cloud computing, which is a fairly new abstraction that offers features like processing as well as the sharing and storing of data. As a result of the services it provides, cloud computing is drawing significant investments from across the world. Despite this, Cloud Computing Security continues to be one of the most important issues for businesses and consumers that use cloud computing systems. A few of the security flaws that are associated with cloud computing were passed down from earlier computer systems. In contrast, the other flaws were brought about by the distinctive qualities and design of cloud computing. The newly developed platform has measures that restrict data access to just those users who are authorized to do so. Using the user's identification and authentication/authorization information, a third-party service is responsible for managing access to the data. This service checks on all requests. Sensitive information and facts pertaining to users are encrypted both while in transit and while being stored. The platform was put into operation, analysed, and compared to other cloud platforms that were already in existence in terms of how effective it was in comparison to other platforms. When compared to the other security platforms, the findings demonstrated that this platform performed as anticipated in a relatively short amount of time and offered robust protection against the acts of an intruder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scale models have been an integral part of architectural activity from its origins and continue to be so today, despite significant advancements in digital graphics. There are several reasons for the enduring presence of these small architectural objects, which have adapted to various conditions of creation and different historical moments. Despite the rapid advancements in infographic media and even virtual reality related to architecture, the model remains an object of interest in major architectural offices around the world. Thus, models continue to captivate the public with their unique magic and characteristics in architecture exhibitions, whether related to contemporary architects [1] or ancient ones [2]. The intention now is to consider the factor of the material with which they are built, a crucial issue from various aspects inherent to the model: the scale relationship, the reference to the real or projected object, the artisanal relationship with other trades, the presumed formal or sculptural autonomy, and ultimately, the very spirit of the times or Zeitgeist in which each model is framed.

Whether to look to the past is a perennial dilemma, as the past evokes both terror and pleasure. Focusing on miniature monuments built for ancestors in the context of pre-modern China, this study reveals that while the peak period of production of miniature monuments occurred during the Han dynasty, the miniature monument building practice can be traced to living cases today. This paper highlights a phenomenon, a vision of the future imagined by descendants was integrated into a dialogue with the past through the agency of symbolic representations of buildings constructed for the deceased. Architecture, in this sense, acted as a facilitator of difficult communication with the deceased and conveyed profound desires that people strongly embraced but could not articulate. Such desires and dreams may not be accommodated in reality, but constructing miniature monuments in honour of ancestors reiterates that architecture is a spiritual home for brave imaginations and deep desires of people.

Background. In recent centuries on the East European Plain massive degeneration of oak forests has been in progress. This is caused by a complex of climatic and anthropogenic factors. Since Quercus robur L. is a key species it seems to be necessary to research comprehensively its individuals and populations at different levels including the aspects of modern biomorphology. The purpose of the study is quantitative and structural analysis of crown organization of reproductive individuals of Q. robur within the Voroninsky nature reserve and its security zone. Materials and methods. The crowns of 335 young and middle-aged reproductive individuals in upland watershed, slope and terrace landscapes of the reserve have been analyzed. We measured meanings of morphometric parameters of individuals, determined its life forms and described a set of elements of architectural models, hierarchic to polyarchic organization plan ratio and expression of reiteration within an individual’s crown. Results. The tallest individuals of Q. robur grow in dense canopy stands on the upland watersheds. The lowest and at the same time the most spread individuals grow in the margins of oakeries and in the sparse oakeries on the slopes. In all habitats the Rauh architectural model-based individuals belonging to the one trunk life forms prevail. Besides in the studied individuals the elements of Troll, Leeuwenberg and Koriba architectural models were detected. In most individuals with aging trunk is replacing with systems of daughter axes having various growth directions. The processes of immediate reiteration contribute significantly to crowns. Conclusions. In all habitats of the Voroninsky nature reserve individuals of Q. robur reach a high level of crown plasticity when get established in middle-age reproductive ontogenetic state. Such level is realized mainly due to enhancement of polyarchic organization plan of crown. This points to the species’ wide adaptive possibilities in terms of the Western Volga upland forest-steppe.

Currently, there have been significant advancements in technology in all areas of daily life. However, in education, the teaching methods and tools used have remained practically the same for generations. This suggests that although traditional methodology works perfectly, it must be adapted to existing technological advancements. One of the major recent discoveries is 3D printing, which offers the possibility of designing and printing any object, promoting visual-spatial intelligence and cooperative learning in the classroom. The emergence of additive manufacturing provides an opportunity to develop teaching-learning activities for acquiring new knowledge and developing creative and problem-solving abilities. For instance, students can learn to identify the views of an isometric drawing by creating a three-dimensional prototype. The objective of this work is to implement an educational method that promotes learning based on thinking and developing a project from an initial idea to the actual manufacture of an architectural model in an interdisciplinary way. This method will involve all the necessary processes for the model's construction, as occurs in the conception of a real architectural work. This procedure, based on learning by trial and error, is a cyclical methodology that allows the initial parameters to be modified based on the results obtained, both in the design process and in the construction phase. By using this method, students learn to learn with a practical methodology capable of identifying their own errors, correcting them, and giving the model maximum added value. Abstract Actualmente, se han producido importantes avances tecnológicos en todos los ámbitos de la vida diaria. Sin embargo, en educación, los métodos y herramientas de enseñanza utilizados se han mantenido prácticamente iguales durante generaciones. Esto sugiere que, aunque la metodología tradicional funciona perfectamente, debe adaptarse a los avances tecnológicos existentes. Uno de los mejores descubrimientos recientes es la impresión 3D, que ofrece la posibilidad de diseñar e imprimir cualquier objeto, fomentando la inteligencia visual-espacial y el aprendizaje cooperativo en el aula. La aparición de la fabricación aditiva brinda la oportunidad de desarrollar actividades de enseñanza-aprendizaje para adquirir nuevos conocimientos y desarrollar la creatividad y la capacidad de resolución de problemas. Por ejemplo, los estudiantes pueden aprender a identificar las vistas de un dibujo isométrico creando un prototipo tridimensional. El objetivo de este trabajo es implementar un método educativo que promueva el aprendizaje basado en pensar y desarrollar un proyecto desde una idea inicial hasta la fabricación real de un modelo arquitectónico de manera interdisciplinaria. Este método involucrará todos los procesos necesarios para la construcción del modelo, tal como ocurre en la concepción de una obra arquitectónica real. Este procedimiento, basado en el aprendizaje por prueba y error, es una metodología cíclica que permite modificar los parámetros iniciales en función de los resultados obtenidos, tanto en el proceso de diseño como en la fase de construcción. Mediante este método, los estudiantes aprenden a aprender con una metodología práctica capaz de identificar sus propios errores, corregirlos y dotar al modelo del máximo valor añadido

During the 1930s, Australian architects began to construct miniature scale models employing an increasing variety of materials to simulate in detail the spatial, visual, and material characteristics of proposed buildings. This replacement of a long dominant use of plain and simple models occurred during the years immediately surrounding the Second World War and coincided with a post-war housing boom. Many of Australian's earliest encounters with such ultra-realistic models of architecture in miniature occurred through children's doll houses and building sets that were intended to cultivate ideas about order and taste but also a spatial awareness, and creativity. Using models and home advertisements from years surrounding the Second World War, this paper seeks to explore the affective transition of scale architectural models in design practices from a description of form and mass to an object of consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the study is the process of Information and Measuring System (IMS) designing as a component of the Cyber-Physical System (CPS) in the paradigm of Industry 4.0 (I4.0). The aim of the study is to develop methodological support for the design of IMS and Automatic Control Systems (ACS) as components of production CPS (CPPS), in particular, for Digital Factory. Objectives: to determine the conceptual model of IMS; choose the IoT model for structural synthesis, select the appropriate regulatory (sets of standards and implementation models) and hardware; perform R&D of IMS based on NB-IoT sensors; formalize the procedure for integrating components into the CPPS, develop the Asset Administration Shell. The methods used are: heuristic synthesis methods, experimental planning theory. The following results were obtained. The key role of optimally designed IMS level 4.0 in increased decision-making accuracy in CPPS management and control processes is demonstrated. The quality of control is improved both by quickly obtaining accurate information for updating models in cyber add-ons, and at the physical level, in ACS. The universal model of IMS implementation in CPPS was proposed. The stages of choosing the concept, structure, hardware and communication protocols of the IIoT ecosystem IMS + ACS have been performed. The methodology was tested during the development of the NB-IoT Tech remote monitoring system, which has a decentralized structure for collection data on resources consumed. The integration of the ecosystem as a component of CPPS at the appropriate levels of the architectural model RAMI 4.0 has been performed. Regulatory support has been formed and the functional aspect of the Asset Administrative Shell for CPPS integration has been developed. Conclusions. Scientific novelty: it is proposed to design the IMS as a component of the AAS of the cyber-physical system, according to the implementation methodology of its subsystems at the corresponding levels of RAMI4.0 and the selected IoT model. The new approach, called "soft digitalization", combines the approaches of Industry 3.0 and 4.0, it is designed for the sustainable development of automated systems to the level of cyber-physical systems and is relevant for the recovery of the economy of Ukraine. Practical significance of the results: the IoT-Tech system based on Smart sensors has been developed and tested. This information and measurement system is non-volatile and adapted to measure any parameters in automated systems of various levels of digitization.

With this article, the author intends to reflect on the role of the plastic model and its representation through the use of photography and images as a means of narrating the architectural project, arguing that they are very often more effective than words. This reflection stems from the contemporary debate on the role of the model in the era of digitisation and its tendency to become an increasingly autonomous object. Moreover, with the progressive spread of digital technologies and the ease of access to software and devices for producing, storing, manipulating, transmitting and sharing images, the number of images in circulation has increased dramatically (Pinotti, 2016). The expressive capacity of the model is manifested not only through its materiality but also through two-dimensional visual representations, which contribute to further reflexive reading of the project. In this context, we intend to present a practical case concerning the creation of two-scale maquettes and the production of photographic images of preferential views of the model aimed at the dissemination of the project.

Architectural model making in Europe in 1920s–1940s is overviewed by decade to identify the functions performed by architectural model in addition to those already recognized: representation, working model, and education. Overall, 58 models have been described and analyzed. The following functions have been added to the traditional functions: photo model, modular construction testing, promotion model, and fit demonstration. The functional typology of the mockup thus has been expanded.

Copyright of Revista de Arquitectura (1657-0308) is the property of Universidad Catolica de Columbia, Facultad de Arquitectura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Space & Form / Przestrzeń i FORMA is the property of West Pomeranian University of Technology, Department of Architecture & Urban Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ABE: Advances in Building Education is the property of Departamento de Tecnologia de la Edificacion, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The role of prosumers who are consumers who produce, store, and consume energy is vital to the uptake of renewable energies in Local Energy Communities (LEC). However, the integration of prosumers in the smart grid to facilitate bidirectional flows of energy and information depends on intelligent operations of energy systems and flexible structures of the existing energy markets. But existing energy trading mechanisms are faced with issues of trust, privacy, security, and energy pricing determination. Also, there are fewer studies based on a citizen-centric prosumer approach. Thus, there is need to provide reliable solutions that addresses the aforementioned challenges faced by prosumers in LEC. Advancements in disruptive technologies, such as Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT) have transformed a broad spectrum of intelligent systems in smart cities. Therefore, this study examines the integration of AI and IoT as AIoT and DLT towards a citizen-centric prosumer approach for decentralized energy markets trading. Additionally, this article develops an architectural model for energy prosumption in LEC using design science approach based on a user-centred design method that shows a possible implementation concept to support energy sharing and trading in LEC. The architectural model supports trust, data privacy, security, and energy pricing determination using AI and smart contracts to provides real-time energy trading monitoring, easy access, control, and immutable logs to unearth underlying energy demand and supply patterns thereby supporting citizen-centric prosumer approach. Finally, a use case scenario of DLT and AIoT for prosumption operations is presented. • Integrates AIoT and DLT towards a citizen-centric prosumer approach for decentralized energy markets trading. • Develops an architectural model for energy prosumption using design science approach based on a user-centred design method. • Supports trust, data privacy, security, and energy pricing determination using AIoT and smart contracts. • Employs AIoT for real-time energy demand and supply patterns for energy trading monitoring, control, and decision support. • Models a possible implementation concept to support energy sharing and trading in local energy communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Caldasia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This contribution reflects a series of seminars that were created in a cycle of four semesters by the Chair of Architectural Design and Conception at the Department of Architecture at Technical University of Munich. Informed by the author's own research foci, a teaching concept is presented that uses photographic images to approach the perception of architectural spaces and translate them into new unfamiliar spatial models. This is a critical engagement with reality, where montage is integrated as a process-oriented and multiplying technique. The following reflection is described along with the respective exercises, a selection of works in which the students were challenged to see, explore, discover, and question the multi-layered interplay of built spaces. Under the condition of determining and acquiring analogous design methods, different topics of spatial perception and architectural design were examined. The question of how the perception of our everyday surroundings is understood as a resource of spatial phenomena and how photography can reveal new ways of seeing architecture was always at the center of the discussions. These investigations aim to expand our own repertoire of perspectives on our built environment, as well as broaden the spectrum of different design methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by severe inflammation of the bronchial mucosa. Allergic asthma is the most common form of this health issue. Asthma is classified into allergic and non-allergic asthma, and it can be triggered by several factors such as indoor and outdoor allergens, air pollution, weather conditions, tobacco smoke, and food allergens, as well as other factors. Asthma symptoms differ in their frequency and severity since each patient reacts differently to these triggers. Formal knowledge is selected as one of the most promising solutions to deal with these challenges. This paper presents a new personalized approach to manage asthma. An ontology-driven model supported by Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) medical rules is proposed to provide personalized care for an asthma patient by identifying the risk factors and the development of possible exacerbations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes reflection on the model's place in the definition of the architect's thought. Architectural representation --including the model-- is assumed as an instance where the design thought becomes comprehensible, and not just as a vehicle to communicate that thought. The generative condition of the model is assumed, decidedly, on the acknowledgement of the radical distinction that will always exist between the model and the object it represents. Both the apparent natural proximity between the model and the architectural objects, which is the result of the three-dimensionality and the building dimension that they both share, and the apparent natural concordance between the model and the architect's thought are called into question. Because the aim is to understand 'how' an architect thinks and not 'what' they think when they use a model, the subject is examined from the perspective of a horizon of 'anteriority', an 'anteriority' that is ontological and not merely chronological. The model will be examined as a means of ordering the design thought, that is, as a way of giving it existence. This reflection results from the crossing of previous research on the model and on drawing (Duarte, 2016; Rodeia, 2017). The paper proposes a confrontation of the 'generative power' of the drawing, as identified by Robin Evans (1997b), with the 'generative effect' of the model explored by Peter Eisenman (1981a; 1981b). The principle of 'logical Argumentation', as defined by Groat and Wang (2002), is assumed as the method of inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is intended to identify the most relevant and most frequently discussed research topics in the literature, including pedagogy and the physical learning environment. It can be stated that the goals and objectives of education may even indirectly be related to the physical learning environment; therefore, it is relevant to analyze the ways, means, aspects and methodologies of this interface in the research works of other researchers. To achieve this goal, the article presents a systematic analysis of literature sources. Based on the conclusions of the systematic analysis and the goals and objectives of modern education, the model of a good school in the general case was formed and presented in the article. This is the 21st century school model that reveals those factors and characteristics of the physical learning environment that would help create a physical learning environment corresponding to modern education.

Copyright of Space & Form / Przestrzeń i FORMA is the property of West Pomeranian University of Technology, Department of Architecture & Urban Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Erciyes Akademi is the property of Erciyes Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by severe inflammation of the bronchial mucosa. Allergic asthma is the most common form of this health issue. Asthma is classified into allergic and non-allergic asthma, and it can be triggered by several factors such as indoor and outdoor allergens, air pollution, weather conditions, tobacco smoke, and food allergens, as well as other factors. Asthma symptoms differ in their frequency and severity since each patient reacts differently to these triggers. Formal knowledge is selected as one of the most promising solutions to deal with these challenges. This paper presents a new personalized approach to manage asthma. An ontology-driven model supported by Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) medical rules is proposed to provide personalized care for an asthma patient by identifying the risk factors and the development of possible exacerbations.

Through a case study of the professionally made architectural model in Britain between the late 1960s and the early1990s, this article draws from archaeologist Ian Hodder's concept of entanglement and argues that the relationship between the architect, the architectural model, and the modelmaker exists as an entangled web of shifting distributions of power governed by asymmetric tensions and mutual dependencies. In tracing the changing relationship dynamics that led to a dramatic broadening of the model's visual styles to incorporate both realism and creative abstraction during this period, this article describes the professionally made architectural model as the locus of an intricate web of interconnected dependencies in which the model, the modelmaker, and the architect reap both the positive and negative consequences of their increasingly fraught entrapment. Demonstrating how a study of their entanglement reveals the complexities that exist within the human-object interactions that surround them, this article highlights the mutual dependencies that bind the model, the maker, and the architect together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research is to develop and approve the methodology for the preparation and actualization of the work programs of the academic disciplines and practices of the basic vocational education program of higher education that meets the requirements of the federal state educational standard of higher education of 2017 on the basis of the elements of competences allocated from texts of professional and educational standards, subject area standards, scientific, methodological and other sources.The approach, recommended by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation is the expression of the set of professional knowledge, skills necessary for the graduate in the formulations of several dozens of competences, presupposes a set of formulas that are much more general than in professional standards and subject area standards, are decomposed into separate themes of contact classes and independent preparation of students. At the same time, there are risks of missing or duplicating material in different disciplines and arbitrariness in the interpretation of general formulations of competencies by different authors of methodological developments. According to the authors, the use of the elements of competences allocated from the texts of standards, scientific and methodological developments and other sources of the subject field of activity of the university graduate, allows to determine the set and content of knowledge, skills and knowledge necessary for training in the field of preparation more fully, rationally distribute them among educational disciplines and practices, to form the main didactic units of the work program of the academic discipline, to ensure the traceability of the requirements to the results of mastering the disciplines to a specific source of requirements.In the process of research, a methodology for the collection, processing and systematization of information necessary for the preparation of documents for the organization of the educational process at the department of the university was developed and approved; the analysis of professional and branch standards of software engineering is carried out; an array of elements of competencies required by the graduate training directions 09.03.04 is formed; software tools for processing and structuring information, managing changes in the elements of competences, taking into account the interrelations between them are proposed.The article describes the structure of the data array of competencies required by the graduate of the bachelor’s degree in the direction of training 09.03.04 “Software Engineering”; the results of the analysis of the main types of competence sources are presented: the educational standard in the specified direction of bachelor’s degree, professional standards and branch standards of software engineering, ontological and architectural models of entities of the subject domain; an algorithm for the collection, processing and systematization of information necessary for the formation of competency elements; examples of forming various types elements of competences are given.The study has showed that the competence approach, expanded in the proposed methodology, to the formation of working programs of educational disciplines and practices of the basic professional educational program of higher education allows to ensure the completeness, relevance and consistency of the requirements for the preparation of students, the rational distribution of the subject matter of the teaching material between disciplines and their mutual coherence in the educational process.

Aim. The article discusses the methods and techniques serving the architectural presentation to a diverse audience. The methods of architectural presentation as a key element in the dialogue with the future user of the designed space or building allow presenting the newly designed space to the recipient. Methods. The described ways of presenting the project were divided into material and virtual. The article discusses the most commonly used methods of architectural presentation such as diagrams, visualisation, physical model, virtual model, video, and collage. It analyses their usefulness in terms of reliable communication aiming to inform future users about planned changes. The authors describe in detail the use of architectural models as a technique used to present the project to both professional and non-professional recipients. The pros and cons of each method are discussed. Results and Conclusion. The right choice of presentation method for the addressee allows for a better understanding of the presented idea and, as a result, for more informed choices made by the society, e.g. during public consultations, or by professional decision-making bodies in matters of public space and new architectural objects. There is a wide array of methods for imaging the project vision available today that have their individual features, which can favour or negatively affect the reception of works by falsifying reality or its partial message. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to investigate the localization of dormant buds and the features of the structures arising from the buds in coniferous and deciduous trees in response to age-related changes and various growing conditions. The crown is analyzed using architectural models and the reiteration concept. It is found that the dormant buds in deciduous trees are usually at the bases of annual growth. The dormant buds in conifers are at the bases of annual growth, in the axils of bud scales, or along the entire length of the shoot in the axils of needles and in the shoot distal part. It is revealed that the terminal buds of short shoots can function as dormant buds. The natural aging of skeletal axes is an endogenous factor of the development of shoots from dormant buds in deciduous trees. In evergreen conifers, it is the plant's response to needle aging. This leads to the induction of the growth of dormant buds and to the acropetal appearance of the buds on the mother axis in conifers. The reiterated complexes of deciduous trees form in response to the completion of the axis development cycle, which initiates dormant buds in the centripetal direction. The reiterated complexes of conifers look like bundles: such structures form due to the easy initiation of dormant buds, which leads to the formation of the shoots of other orders. The reiterated complexes of deciduous trees are characterized by prolonged growth, acrotonicic branching, and orthotropic growth direction. The crown of the old generative and senile deciduous trees consists almost entirely of reiterated complexes. It has been found that conifers have a different degree of participation of dormant buds in the crown formation, which can vary significantly within the same genus. The reiterated complexes of Picea abies (L.) Karst. replace small twigs. In some other species (for example, Picea schrenkiana Fisch. et E. Mey., Abies sibirica Ledeb., Pinussibirica Du Tour.), the reiterated complexes can also replace the skeletal branches extending from the trunk. No secondary crown is formed in Pinus sylvestris L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]