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OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) toxicity successfully treated with haemodialysis in a dog. CASE SUMMARY: A 3-year-old, male neutered Labrador Retriever, weighing 28.2 kg, presented to the emergency department approximately 4-5 h after ingesting a human supplement containing 200 mg of 5-HTP. The amount of 5-HTP ingested was estimated between 980 and 1988 mg (35-71 mg/kg). At presentation, the dog demonstrated progressive neurologic abnormalities consistent with serotonin syndrome, including altered mentation and ataxia. Due to the magnitude of the ingested dose and progression of clinical signs, extracorporeal blood purification with intermittent haemodialysis was chosen to expedite clearance of 5-HTP. High-efficiency haemodialysis was initiated, and the dog showed continued clinical improvement throughout the 5-h treatment. Clinical signs resolved completely within 12 h. Sequential blood and urine samples were obtained to document levels of both 5-HTP and serotonin. The dog was discharged 24 h after presentation with complete resolution of clinical signs. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION: This is the first report documenting the serial changes in 5-HTP concentrations during treatment with haemodialysis.

Introducción: En el tratamiento del agua residual en la textilera "Desembarco del Granma" existe una cisterna de neutralización, que se asemeja a un reactor continuo con agitación. En dicho equipo se emplea H2SO4, el cual debe ser sustituido por un agente químico con un impacto menor sobre el medio ambiente. Objetivo: Determinar la viabilidad de la utilización de reactor existente en la textilera "Desembarco del Granma" para la neutralización del agua residual al emplear CO2. Materiales y Métodos: Se compararon los reactores continuos con agitación a nivel de laboratorio e industrial, donde se consideró el criterio de similitud geométrica. Se utilizó el programa Aspen Plus para simular el reactor industrial, considerando la cinética obtenida a nivel de laboratorio. El paquete de fluidos seleccionado fue el UNIQUAC. Resultados y Discusión: La velocidad en la punta del impulsor es igual para ambos reactores y la relación entre el diámetro del impelente y el del tanque se mantiene prácticamente constante, hay similitud geométrica entre los reactores. El pH del agua residual neutralizada con CO2 fue 7,2, manifestando una adecuada neutralización. Conclusiones: Se evidenció similitud geométrica entre los reactores continuos con agitación a nivel de laboratorio e industrial. El pH del agua residual neutralizada en el reactor industrial, determinado por simulación fue de 7,2. Se comprobó, con el empleo del Aspen Plus, que el reactor industrial de la textilera se puede usar para el proceso de neutralización del agua residual cuando se emplee CO2 en lugar de H2SO4.

Abstract Background Peripheral blood oxygen monitoring via chemoreceptors in the carotid body (CB) is an integral function of the autonomic cardiorespiratory regulation. The presence of the purinergic P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R) has been implicated in CB; however, the exact role of the receptor in O2 sensing and signal transduction is unknown. Methods The presence of P2Y12R was established by immunoblotting, RT qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Primary glomus cells were used to assess P2Y12R function during hypoxia and hypercapnia, where monoamines were measured by HPLC; calcium signal was recorded utilizing OGB-1 and N-STORM Super-Resolution System. Ingravescent hypoxia model was tested in anaesthetized mice of mixed gender and cardiorespiratory parameters were recorded in control and receptor-deficient or drug-treated experimental animals. Results Initially, the expression of P2Y12R in adult murine CB was confirmed. Hypoxia induced a P2Y12R-dependent release of monoamine transmitters from isolated CB cells. Receptor activation with the endogenous ligand ADP promoted release of neurotransmitters under normoxic conditions, while blockade disrupted the amplitude and duration of the intracellular calcium concentration. In anaesthetised mice, blockade of P2Y12R expressed in the CB abrogated the initiation of compensatory cardiorespiratory changes in hypoxic environment, while centrally inhibited receptors (i.e. microglial receptors) or receptor-deficiency induced by platelet depletion had limited influence on the physiological adjustment to hypoxia. Conclusions Peripheral P2Y12R inhibition interfere with the complex mechanisms of acute oxygen sensing by influencing the calcium signalling and the release of neurotransmitter molecules to evoke compensatory response to hypoxia. Prospectively, the irreversible blockade of glomic receptors by anti-platelet drugs targeting P2Y12Rs, propose a potential, formerly unrecognized side-effect to anti-platelet medications in patients with pulmonary morbidities.

In eukaryotes, DNA replication constitutes a complex process whereby multiple origins are stochastically fired, and from which the replication machinery proceeds along chromosomes to achieve the faithful synthesis of two identical copies of the genome during the S phase of the cell cycle. Experimental evidence shows a functional correlation between the dynamics of replication and the spatial organization of the genome inside cell nuclei, suggesting that the process of replicating DNA may impact chromosome folding. However, the theoretical and mechanistic bases of such a hypothesis remain elusive. To address that question, we propose a quantitative, minimal framework that integrates the dynamics of replication along a polymer chain by accounting explicitly for the progression of the replication machinery and the resulting formation of sister chromatids. By systematically characterizing the 3D structural consequences of replication, and of possible interactions between active replication machineries, we show that the formation of transient loops may potentially impact chromosome organization across multiple temporal and spatial scales, from the level of individual origins to that of the global polymer chain. Comparison with available microscopy and chromosome conformation capture data in yeast suggests that a replication-dependent loop extrusion process may be acting in vivo, and may shape chromosomes as loose polymer bottle brushes during the S phase. Lastly, we explore the postreplication relative organization of sister chromatids and demonstrate the emergence of catenations and intertwined structures, which are regulated by the density of fired origins.

Developmental programming involves the accurate conversion of signalling levels and dynamics to transcriptional outputs. The transcriptional relay in the Notch pathway relies on nuclear complexes containing the co-activator Mastermind (Mam). By tracking these complexes in real time, we reveal that they promote the formation of a dynamic transcription hub in Notch ON nuclei which concentrates key factors including the Mediator CDK module. The composition of the hub is labile and persists after Notch withdrawal conferring a memory that enables rapid reformation. Surprisingly, only a third of Notch ON hubs progress to a state with nascent transcription, which correlates with polymerase II and core Mediator recruitment. This probability is increased by a second signal. The discovery that target-gene transcription is probabilistic has far-reaching implications because it implies that stochastic differences in Notch pathway output can arise downstream of receptor activation.

Disease severity, illness intrusiveness, and health locus of control (HLC) each contribute to psychosocial wellbeing in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). To better understand the relationships between these variables regarding anxiety symptoms, we analyzed data from 116 adult male veterans with comorbid CHF and anxiety. Results suggested that illness intrusiveness significantly mediated the relation of CHF severity to anxiety symptom severity, and that the illness intrusiveness domains of physical well-being/diet, work/finances, and other aspects of life (religious/spirituality, community/civic, self-improvement/expression) were also significant mediators of that relationship. The relation of illness intrusiveness to anxiety was not moderated by internal HLC. Findings highlight the importance of assessing and treating various aspects of illness intrusiveness to manage anxiety symptoms in CHF patients.

Abstract Objective To describe a case of 5‐hydroxytryptophan (5‐HTP) toxicity successfully treated with haemodialysis in a dog. Case Summary A 3‐year‐old, male neutered Labrador Retriever, weighing 28.2 kg, presented to the emergency department approximately 4–5 h after ingesting a human supplement containing 200 mg of 5‐HTP. The amount of 5‐HTP ingested was estimated between 980 and 1988 mg (35–71 mg/kg). At presentation, the dog demonstrated progressive neurologic abnormalities consistent with serotonin syndrome, including altered mentation and ataxia. Due to the magnitude of the ingested dose and progression of clinical signs, extracorporeal blood purification with intermittent haemodialysis was chosen to expedite clearance of 5‐HTP. High‐efficiency haemodialysis was initiated, and the dog showed continued clinical improvement throughout the 5‐h treatment. Clinical signs resolved completely within 12 h. Sequential blood and urine samples were obtained to document levels of both 5‐HTP and serotonin. The dog was discharged 24 h after presentation with complete resolution of clinical signs. New or Unique Information This is the first report documenting the serial changes in 5‐HTP concentrations during treatment with haemodialysis.

Weight concern and body image dissatisfaction continue to be understudied among African American and Hispanic women. To address the gap in the extant literature, this study examined a sample of Hispanic and African American women (N = 477, Meanage = 43.7 years) and explored (a) differences in weight concern and body image dissatisfaction; (b) the contribution of perceived weight status and body image dissatisfaction to weight concern; and (c) the extent to which the association between body image dissatisfaction and weight concern was moderated by ethnicity. Participants completed a health survey and a figure rating scale. The findings indicated that Hispanic women compared to African American women endorsed smaller silhouettes as an ideal body size (χ2(7, n = 436) = 22.36, p = 0.002, Cramer’s V = 0.23). More Hispanic women (77%) than African American women (62%) had a discrepancy between their perceived actual and ideal body size. The relationship between body image dissatisfaction and weight concern varied by ethnicity. That is, the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and weight concern was statistically significant among African American women (β = 0.21, p = 0.008) but was insignificant among Hispanic women (β = 0.11, p = 0.135). This study has implications regarding the identification of risk factors associated with weight concern.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to describe a case of epiglottic entrapment in a cat. Case Summary A 5‐month‐old male neutered Russian Blue cat was evaluated for progressive stertorous upper airway sounds, acute onset vestibulopathy and abnormal laryngeal anatomy. Endotracheal intubation was only able to be achieved using videoscopic guidance and identified concern for severe nasopharyngeal stenosis. A computerized tomography scan revealed otitis interna, narrowed nasopharynx and no definitive cause for the stertorous breathing. The cat recovered very slowly from anaesthesia due to concern for airway obstruction following extubation. It was discharged the following day and then passed away at home 2 weeks later. Necropsy revealed that the epiglottis was obscured by 2 cm of redundant mucosal tissue extending from the base of the tongue to the larynx resulting in epiglottic entrapment. Also noted was chronic, severe otitis interna and externa. Upper airway obstruction is suspected to be the cause of sudden death. New or Unique Information To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of these oropharyngeal anatomic abnormalities in a cat.

Introduction: Postpartum ovarian vein thrombosis (POVT) is an uncommon diagnosis that may lead to morbidity or mortality if unrecognized.Case Report: This report discusses a single case of POVT in a community hospital, along with the treatment and clinical course.Conclusion: The mechanism is believed to be right-sided clot formation provoked by anatomical and hormonal changes of gestation. Diagnosis is challenging as most patients are previously healthy and symptoms are often vague. Although the differential is broad, modern imaging is sensitive and specific for diagnosis. Prompt treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics and anticoagulation may reduce morbidity, and prognosis following treatment is excellent.

Disease severity and drought due to climate change present significant challenges to orchard productivity. This study examines the effects of spring inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss) on sweet cherry plants, cvs. Bing and Santina with varying defense responses, assessing plant growth, physiological variables (water potential, gas exchange, and plant hydraulic conductance), and the levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) under two summer irrigation levels. Pss inoculation elicited a more pronounced response in ‘Santina’ compared to ‘Bing’ at 14 days post-inoculation (dpi), and those plants inoculated with Pss exhibited a slower leaf growth and reduced transpiration compared to control plants during 60 dpi. During differential irrigations, leaf area was reduced 14% and 44% in Pss inoculated plants of ‘Bing’ and ‘Santina’ respectively, under well-watered (WW) conditions, without changes in plant water status or gas exchange. Conversely, water-deficit (WD) conditions led to gas exchange limitations and a 43% decrease in plant biomass compared to that under WW conditions, with no differences between inoculation treatments. ABA levels were lower under WW than under WD at 90 dpi, while SA levels were significantly higher in Pss-inoculated plants under WW conditions. These findings underscore the influence on plant growth during summer in sweet cherry cultivars that showed a differential response to Pss inoculations and how the relationship between ABA and SA changes in plant drought level responses.

Most of the plants belonging to the family of Brassicaceae are non-hosts for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). These plants are known to produce glucosinolates (GSL), a group of allelopathic compounds, with a role in plant defense. The overexpression of the Thkel1 from Trichoderma harzianum in rapeseed (BnKel) plants, this gene encoding a protein that shares similarities with Brassicaceae plant’s nitrile-specifier and epithiospecifier proteins, modified GSL metabolism, reducing the accumulation of toxic isothiocyanates due to hydrolysis of these secondary metabolites. Here, we have analyzed the effect of AMF application on the GSL profiles and the development and yield of BnKel plants. Our results showed that the reduction of GSL compounds on transgenic plants was not enough to allow the formation of arbuscules and vesicles characteristics of an AMF mycorrhizal association. However, the inoculation of transgenic rapeseed plants expressing Thkel1 with AMF improved seed yield and fatty acid composition of the oilseed, showing a beneficial effect of AMF in these plants. The achievement of this effective beneficial association among mycorrhizas and rapeseed plants opens new opportunities in agribiotechnology for the use of AMF as biofertilizers in Brassicaceae crops with potential application in medical, animal and industrial biotechnology.

Vascular catheter-related infections, primarily caused by Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis, pose significant challenges due to the formation of biofilms on catheters, leading to refractory disease and considerable morbidity. We studied the efficacy of micafungin in systemic and lock therapies to eliminate catheter-based biofilms and deep tissue infections in experimental central venous catheter (CVC)-related candidemia in neutropenic rabbits. Silastic CVCs in rabbits were inoculated with 1 × 103 CFU/mL of C. albicans or C. parapsilosis, establishing catheter-based biofilm, and subjected to various treatments. Neutropenic rabbits treated with a combination of lock therapy and systemic micafungin demonstrated the most significant reduction in fungal burden, from 5.0 × 104 to 1.8 × 102 CFU/mL of C. albicans and from 5.9 × 104 to 2.7 × 102 CFU/mL of C. parapsilosis (p ≤ 0.001), in the CVC after 24 h, with full clearance of blood cultures after 72 h from treatment initiation. The combination of lock and systemic micafungin therapy achieved eradication of C. albicans from all studied tissues (0.0 ± 0.0 log CFU/g) vs. untreated controls (liver 7.5 ± 0.22, spleen 8.3 ± 0.25, kidney 8.6 ± 0.07, cerebrum 6.3 ± 0.31, vena cava 6.6 ± 0.29, and CVC wash 2.3 ± 0.68 log CFU/g) (p ≤ 0.001). Rabbits treated with a combination of lock and systemic micafungin therapy demonstrated a ≥2 log reduction in C. parapsilosis in all treated tissues (p ≤ 0.05) except kidney. Serum (1→3)-β-D-glucan levels demonstrated significant decreases in response to treatment. The study demonstrates that combining systemic and lock therapies with micafungin effectively eradicates catheter-based biofilms and infections caused by C. albicans or C. parapsilosis, particularly in persistently neutropenic conditions, offering promising implications for managing vascular catheter-related candidemia and providing clinical benefits in cases where catheter removal is not feasible.

Los resultados de esta comunicación son la evaluación de los parámetros obtenidos en cuanto a la accesibilidad al medio físico sin barreras arquitectónicas, y accesibilidad cognitiva y comunicativa del Programa Educativo Rutas Científicas, Artísticas y Literarias. Están han sido evaluadas por diferentes docentes de la ciudad de Ceuta tras disfrutar de este Programa Educativo gestionado por el Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional (MEFP), y posteriormente por los dos autores de esta comunicación. Este programa educativo pretende mejorar y presentar de forma más atractiva la formación recibida por los alumnos en sus respectivos centros y favorecer no sólo a su formación artística, literaria, científica, cultural, histórica, medioambiental y social, sino también a su desarrollo integral e inclusivo. Hay hasta siete programas de Rutas distintos. Estas experiencias han sido realizadas con alumnos de centros docentes españoles sostenidos con fondos públicos, que cursen alguno de los siguientes niveles: 5º y 6º Educación Primaria; 1º y 2, 3º y 4º Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Formación Profesional Básica; Ciclos formativos de Grado Medio de Formación Profesional, Ciclos formativos de Grado Medio de Enseñanzas Artísticas; Bachillerato y Educación Básica Obligatoria y Transición a la Vida Adulta. Este programa consta de dos grupos de distintas Comunidades Autónomas (CCAA), y está formado entre 20 y 24 alumnos y 2 profesores de los que habitualmente les imparten clase, incluyendo a ser posible un tutor. A su vez, los grupos de alumnos con necesidades educativas especiales estarán compuestos entre 10 y 18 alumnos e incorporarán uno o dos profesores más según las necesidades específicas del grupo-clase y el modelo de accesibilidad necesaria (cognitiva, física, motriz, comunicativa, etc.). Este programa, presenta Proyectos y experiencias innovadoras fuera del aula, no solo en parajes medioambientales, sino que también a los museos y otros espacios culturales.

The interaction between plants and phytophagous arthropods encompasses a complex network of molecules, signals, and pathways to overcome defences generated by each interacting organism. Although most of the elements and modulators involved in this interplay are still unidentified, plant redox homeostasis and signalling are essential for the establishment of defence responses. Here, focusing on the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, we demonstrate the involvement in plant defence of the thioredoxin TRXh5, a small redox protein whose expression is induced by mite infestation. TRXh5 is localized in the cell membrane system and cytoplasm and is associated with alterations in the content of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Protein S-nitrosylation signal in TRXh5 over-expression lines is decreased and alteration in TRXh5 level produces changes in the JA/SA hormonal crosstalk of infested plants. Moreover, TRXh5 interacts and likely regulates the redox state of an uncharacterized receptor-like kinase, named THIOREDOXIN INTERACTING RECEPTOR KINASE (TIRK), also induced by mite herbivory. Feeding bioassays performed withTRXh5 over-expression plants result in lower leaf damage and reduced egg accumulation after T. urticae infestation than in wild-type (WT) plants. In contrast, mites cause a more severe injury in trxh5 mutant lines where a greater number of eggs accumulates. Likewise, analysis of TIRK-gain and -loss-of-function lines demonstrate the defence role of this receptor in Arabidopsis against T. urticae. Altogether, our findings demonstrate the interaction between TRXh5 and TIRK and highlight the importance of TRXh5 and TIRK in the establishment of effective Arabidopsis defences against spider mite herbivory.

An unprecedented global social and economic impact as well as a significant number of fatalities have been brought on by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), produced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection can, in certain situations, cause immunological abnormalities, leading to an anomalous innate and adaptive immune response. While most patients only experience mild symptoms and recover without the need for mechanical ventilation, a substantial percentage of those who are affected develop severe respiratory illness, which can be fatal. The absence of effective therapies when disease progresses to a very severe condition coupled with the incomplete understanding of COVID-19’s pathogenesis triggers the need to develop innovative therapeutic approaches for patients at high risk of mortality. As a result, we investigate the potential contribution of promising combinatorial cell therapy to prevent death in critical patients.

Summary: ATP-gated P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) play a crucial role in brain disorders. However, how they affect normal and pathological synaptic transmission is still largely unclear. Here, by using whole-cell patch-clamp technique to record AMPA- and NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (s/mEPSCs) in dentate gyrus granule cells (DG GCs), we revealed a modulation by P2X7Rs of presynaptic sites, especially originated from entorhinal cortex (EC)-GC path but not the mossy cell (MC)-GC path. The involvement of P2X7Rs was confirmed using a pharmacological approach. Additionally, the acute activation of P2X7Rs directly elevated calcium influx from EC-GC terminals. In postnatal phencyclidine (PCP)-induced mouse model of schizophrenia, we observed that P2X7R deficiency restored the EC-GC synapse alteration and alleviated PCP-induced symptoms. To summarize, P2X7Rs participate in the modulation of GC excitatory neurotransmission in the DG via EC-GC pathway, contributing to pathological alterations of neuronal functions leading to neurodevelopmental disorders.

Background: Engineering identity is associated with students' academic success and retention in engineering programs. However, there is a lack of psychometrically evaluated measures for assessing engineering identity formation. Purpose: This cross-sectional study aimed to adapt the Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale (U-MICS) to assess engineering identity formation and evaluate its factor structure, reliability, and associations with demographic characteristics of engineering students. Design/Method: Survey data were collected from 237 engineering students. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to examine the factor structure of the U-MICS. Multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) analysis was performed to investigate how demographic characteristics of engineering students related to the latent variables underlying the U-MICS. Results: CFA supported the hypothesized three-dimensional model of identity formation (i.e., commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment) after excluding one item originally designed for assessing in-depth exploration. Good internal consistencies were found for each subscale (Cronbach's [alpha] = 0.72-0.88). MIMIC analysis showed mean differences in the commitment factor and the in-depth exploration factor by undergraduate classification and mean differences in the reconsideration of commitment factor by race/ethnicity, but no differences in the three latent factors by gender and transfer status. Conclusions: The U-MICS may be a viable measure to assess engineering identity formation. This measure can help researchers gauge how engineering students develop, validate, and revise their commitment to pursue an engineering degree.

Introducción: Las aguas residuales alcalinas son un subproducto de muchas industrias textiles. Se requiere un ajuste del pH mediante la adición de productos ácidos. Al determinar la cinética de la reacción de neutralización entre esas aguas y el CO2 el sistema de tratamiento concebido será más eficiente. Objetivo: Definir la ley de velocidad para la reacción entre las aguas residuales textiles y el dióxido de carbono en la UB “Desembarco del Granma”. Materiales y Métodos: Se empleó agua residual del proceso textil y CO2. Se realizaron experimentos en un reactor discontinuo. Se utilizó el método integral de análisis de datos cinéticos y pruebas de hipótesis no paramétricas. Resultados y Discusión: El pH básico del efluente a la planta se debe al uso de NaOH en los procesos textiles. Dos pruebas de hipótesis no paramétricas para los valores de las constantes de velocidad específica de la reacción (k) reflejaron desviaciones estándares de 0,171 y 0,76 respectivamente, superiores a 0,05, por lo que no existen diferencias significativas entre los cuatro grupos considerados para cada temperatura. Con la prueba de hipótesis no paramétrica para k a 50 y 30 °C, el nivel de significación (0,001) corroboró la dependencia de cada k con la temperatura. Conclusiones: Las constantes de velocidad específica para las temperaturas de 30°C y 50°C determinadas son 57,98 y 105,94 L/(mol s) respectivamente para la reacción de neutralización del agua residual textil con CO2. La reacción es de orden 2, presenta un valor de energía de activación de 24,5 kJ/mol.

La mayoría de las investigaciones sobre gobernanza multinivel desde una perspectiva de género han tenido como variable dependiente las políticas de igualdad (Haussman et al., 2010). Por el contrario, son menos frecuentes las investigaciones que analizan la presencia de las mujeres como protagonistas de la gobernanza multinivel, sus formas de actuación o el efecto de sus acciones en el resultado final (Gushchina y Kaiser, 2021). Esta investigación aborda esta perspectiva en una situación de pandemia, donde la urgencia y la interdependencia estimulan la regla de participación ejecutiva. La limitada presencia de mujeres en la gestión intergubernamental de la pandemia está estrechamente relacionada con su escasa presencia en los gobiernos. El poder ejecutivo y, en especial, la jefatura de gobierno siguen siendo un terreno cerrado para las mujeres. Actualmente, casi la mitad de los países de la Unión Europea no han tenido en su historia a ninguna mujer como primera ministra (Novo-Arbona, 2020). Sin embargo, los sistemas federales y descentralizados han representado una vía de acceso de las mujeres a las jefaturas de los poderes ejecutivos, y su presencia ha sido más común en las jefaturas de las unidades constituyentes. El porcentaje de mujeres ministras también ha aumentado considerablemente, y ellas han ocupado carteras más prestigiosas, como las de Asuntos Exteriores, Defensa o Economía, aunque tradicionalmente —y todavía hoy— es más habitual su presencia en las relacionadas con los cuidados, como los servicios sociales o el ámbito sanitario (Kroeber y Hüffelmann, 2021). Este artículo identifica los órganos de decisión multinivel más relevantes desde la declaración de la pandemia, la presencia de mujeres en ellos y su rol dentro de las organizaciones.

El epistolario inédito del poeta de la Generación del 27 Jorge Guillén a su hija Teresa, escrito de 1948 a 1984, presenta, a través de su estilo particular de correspondencia familiar, información relevante sobre el hispanismo norteamericano desde 1948 hasta 1957. En el presente estudio se han seleccionado y comentado cuatro bloques temáticos del epistolario: la Escuela Española de Middlebury College, Nueva York como ciudad de encuentro con académicos y escritores; y dos reconocimientos que recibió Jorge Guillén en 1955 y 1957: el premio de la Academy of Arts and Letters y el nombramiento para la cátedra Charles Eliot Norton de la Universidad de Harvard.

Los reptiles son importantes indicadores de la salud de los ecosistemas, fundamentalmente de los sistemas insulares. La región central del golfo de Ana María, incluye cayos de poca extensión, en su mayoría cubiertos de mangle, sobre los cuales no existe información previa de los reptiles. Se realizó un estudio en octubre de 2011 y marzo de 2012 en ocho cayos de esa región, se encontraron un total de ocho especies del orden Squamata. Las especies más abundantes fueron Anolis sagrei con 64,5 ind. h -1 y Cyclura nubila con 21 ind. h -1. Los cayos con mayor riqueza de especies fueron Algodón Grande y Santa María de Afuera, con seis especies cada uno, y los que presentaron de mayor abundancia fueron Bergantines (26 ind. h -1), Algodón Grande (16 ind. h -1) y Santa María de Afuera (14,5 ind. h-1).