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Background: Although people receiving means-tested benefits are regularly taken care of at the job center, little is known about their mental health situation and mental health care. Objective: The aim of the study was to describe the diagnostic spectrum and the functional status as well as the mental health care utilization of individuals with mental illnesses who are receiving means-tested benefits. Methods: Mentally ill people with means-tested benefits were recruited at the job center as part of the "Leipzig Individual Placement and Support for Mentally Ill People" (LIPSY) project, where they were initially diagnosed according to ICD-10 and included in the project if they had a mental disorder. Mental healthcare utilization was recorded. In the present study, data from n = 583 consecutively included persons were analyzed descriptively and by multivariate statistics. Results: Of the study participants 60.7% (n = 583; 51.5% female; average age 36 years; unemployed for an average of 4.8 years) suffered from affective disorders, followed by neurotic, stress and somatoform disorders (42.5%). With a mean global assessment of functioning (GAF) value of 49.4 (SD 7.7), there was on average a serious impairment. Nearly half of the subjects (48.5%) had never received psychotherapeutic, psychiatric or neurological treatment in the 6 months prior to inclusion in the project. Discussion: It could be shown that there is a broad spectrum of mental disorders with substantial functional impairment. The data suggest that this group is significantly undertreated and difficult to reach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Die Annahme, dass individuelle Nutzenmaximierung das individuelle Arbeitsangebot bestimmt, steht im Mittelpunkt der neoklassischen Arbeitsmarkttheorie und inspirierte eine ganze „culture of leisure“ Literatur, die unterschiedliche Niveaus der Beschäftigung mit individuellen Präferenzen erklärt. In dieser Studie verwenden wir Daten aus den World und European Value Surveys, um zu prüfen, ob die individuellen Präferenzen für Arbeit und Freizeit mit der individuellen Situation der Beschäftigung in Zusammenhang stehen. Wir verwenden ein Multilevel Logit-Modell, um diese These auf der extensiven Marge, d. h. der Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass eine Person erwerbstätig ist, und der intensiven Marge, d. h. dem Angebot der Arbeit (Vollzeit vs. Teilzeit) zu testen. Wir stellen fest, dass es keinen Zusammenhang zwischen den individuellen Präferenzen und der Beschäftigung gibt, weder auf der extensiven noch auf der intensiven Marge. Die Auswirkungen der durchschnittlichen Arbeits- und Freizeitpräferenzen auf Länderebene sind durchwachsen. Insgesamt deutet unsere Studie daher darauf hin, dass Arbeitslosigkeit ein institutionelles Problem ist und weniger ein Ergebnis individueller Präferenzen.

Copyright of Public Health Forum is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Public Health Forum is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Ein seit Oktober 2019 laufendes Forschungsprojekt geht der Frage nach, wie Sozialfirmen ihre Teilnehmenden in den ersten Arbeitsmarkt vermitteln. Handlungspraktiken und -logiken des Fachpersonals sind beeinflusst von den verschiedenen «Schnittstellen», die für Sozialfirmen typisch sind: Dazu gehören die Sozialwerke (Sozialversicherungen und Sozialhilfe), die Klient·innen zuweisen, und der reguläre Arbeitsmarkt, auf dem zukünftige Arbeitgeber·innen für die Klient·innen gesucht werden. Dieser Artikel fokussiert auf die Schnittstelle zwischen den Sozialfirmen und dem regulären Arbeitsmarkt und untersucht die Beziehung zwischen den Fachpersonen der Sozialfirma und potenziellen Arbeitgeber∙innen.

Dieser Beitrag skizziert ein konkretes staatlich gefördertes Arbeitszeitverkürzungs-Modell, das in der Lage ist Arbeitslosigkeit zu senken. Die Vollarbeitszeit kann hier um bis zu 20 Prozent reduziert werden. Wenn vier Beschäftigte im Betrieb reduzieren, muss eine zuvor arbeitslose Person eingestellt werden. Das Unternehmen zahlt die gesamten Lohnkosten für die geleistete Arbeitszeit. Im Gegensatz zum Solidaritätsprämienmodell ist bei diesem Vorschlag die Arbeitszeitverkürzungsbeihilfe (Bruttoersatzraten von 100/95/90 Prozent) wesentlich höher, was wichtig ist, damit sich die Arbeitnehmer*innen mit geringem Einkommen eine Arbeitszeitverkürzung leisten können. Die Nettokosten für die Arbeitszeitverkürzungs-Förderung für 200.000 Beschäftigte und für die Integration von 50.000 Arbeitslosen würden je nach Höhe der Einkommen der geförderten Beschäftigten zwischen Nettomehreinnahmen von 151 Mio. Euro bis zu Nettomehrausgaben für den Staat von rund 1 Mrd. Euro liegen. Dieses Modell kann ein Teil eines vollbeschäftigungsorientierten Policy-Mix sein, der die betriebliche Experimentierfreudigkeit fördert und Wirkungen entfaltet, die gesamtgesellschaftlich bedeutend sind.

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In our research project, running since October 2019, we study how social enterprises place their participants in the primary labour market. The practices of the social enterprise's specialists are shaped by the complex relationship between social enterprises, social services that assign their clients to the social enterprises, and the regular labour market, where the enterprises find potential employers for their clients. This paper deals with the relationship between the social enterprises and the regular labour market. In particular, it examines the relationship between the professional staff responsible for job placement and potential employers in the primary labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Seit einigen Jahren sind staatliche Programme zur direkten Beschäftigung langzeitarbeitsloser Menschen erneut Teil der wirtschaftspolitischen Agenda vieler europäischer Regierungen. Bisher erreichen diese bei Weitem nicht alle arbeitslosen Menschen, die Bedarf nach einem öffentlich geförderten Arbeitsplatz haben. Für Österreich schlage ich eine Weiterentwicklung der ehemaligen Aktion 20.000 in eine umfassendere Jobgarantie für Österreichs Langzeitarbeitslose vor. Durch sie erhält jede/r langzeitarbeitslose Bürger/in ein Angebot eines garantierten und staatlich finanzierten Arbeitsplatzes. Selbst bei (unrealistisch) maximaler Auslastung der Jobgarantie mit 150.000 Plätzen sind je nach durchschnittlichem Bruttogehalt 0,68 bis 1,34 Mrd. Euro an Finanzierung seitens des Bundesbudgets notwendig. Das entspricht 0,19 bis 0,36 Prozent des österreichischen Bruttoinlandsprodukts im Jahr 2017.

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