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Aims and Objectives: To study the efficacy of low level laser (LLLT) on wound healing in Diabetic Foot ulcer and to test the hypothesis that LLLT will promote early healing of Diabetic Foot ulcer. Materials and Methods: Patients attending surgical OPD and/or admitted in BLDE (DU) Shri B.M. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research centre, Vijayapur with diabetic foot ulcers (Wagner’s Grade I to III) during the period of November 2018-June 2020 were included in the study. A prospective comparative study was conducted with 30 patients to LLLT group (660 and 808 nm laser) and 30 patients to conventional (Saline) dressing group. All the cases were examined on day 1 and day 15. ‘Primary efficacy end point’ was complete ulcer closure. ‘Secondary efficacy end point’ include reduction in ulcer surface area over time and time to achieve ulcer closure by either skin grafting or secondary suturing. Results: Mean Age of the study group was 56.83 ± 13.8 years with 76.66 % males. Majority of the cases were known diabetic since 5 to 10 years. There was poor glycemic control among the study subjects with mean HbA1c of 8.4%. There was 42% reduction in the size of ulcer among study group. There was average of 7 days i.e. 22% reduction in hospital stay in study group, compared to control group. Three ulcers in LLLT group healed by secondary intention while none in control group. Majority of the cases, ulcer closure was achieved by split thickness skin grafting. Conclusion: Low level laser therapy in Diabetic Foot ulcers promotes early healing and reduces the hospital stay.

Present study aimed to assess effect of pre-treatment with Mucuna pruriens seed extract and its bioactive molecule(s) on NMDAR and Tau protein gene expression in cerebral ischemic rodent model. Methanol extract of M. pruriens seeds was characterized by HPLC, and β-sitosterol was isolated by flash chromatography. In vivo studies to observe the effect of pre-treatment (28 days) with methanol extract of M. pruriens seed and β-sitosterol on the unilateral cerebral ischemic rat model. Cerebral ischemia induced by left common carotid artery occlusion (LCCAO) for 75 min (on day 29) followed by reperfusion for 12 h. Rats (n = 48) divided into four groups. GroupI (control,Untreated + LCCAO)-No pre-treatment + cerebral ischemia; GroupII(β-sitosterol + Sham)-pre-treatment with β-sitosterol, 10 mg/kg/day + sham-operated; GroupIII(β-sitosterol + LCCAO)-pre-treatment with β-sitosterol, 10 mg/kg/day + cerebral ischemia; GroupIV(methanol extract + LCCAO)-pre-treatment with methanol extract of M. pruriens seeds, 50 mg/kg/day + cerebral ischemia. Neurological deficit score was assessed just before sacrifice. Experimental animals were sacrificed after 12 h reperfusion. Brain histopathology was performed. Gene expression of NMDAR and Tau protein of left cerebral hemisphere (occluded side) was performed by RT-PCR. Results revealed that the neurological deficit score was lower in groups III and IV compared to group I. NMDAR and tau protein mRNA expression in left cerebral hemisphere were upregulated in Group I, downregulated in groups III and IV. Histopathology of left cerebral hemisphere (occluded side) in Group I showed features of ischemic brain damage. Groups III and IV, left cerebral hemisphere showed less ischemic damage compared GroupI. Right cerebral hemisphere showed no areas of ischemia-induced brain changes. Pre-treatment with β-sitosterol and methanol extract of M. pruriens seeds may reduce ischemic brain injury following unilateral common carotid artery occlusion in rats.

We report here the draft genome sequence of two rare Salmonella serotypes, isolated from human faecal samples in India. The isolates were identified as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Ceyco and serovar Hillegersberg by Wole genome sequencing (WGS) based serotype prediction. The genomic similarity of study isolates was identified by clustering with the global collection of Salmonella sp. available in EnteroBase and SISTR based on their cgMLST profile. Phylogenetic analysis showed the study isolates were closer to S. Detmold and other unknown serovars from serogroup D2. The information generated from genome sequencing of two rare S. enterica serovar will improve the overall understanding of the epidemiology of this clinically relevant pathogen.

Introduction: The number of mobile game users has increased globally over the last few years. Gaming has been reported as a new way of satisfying basic human needs within the constraints of the current modern society. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) among engineering students aged 18–25 years in the Ernakulam district of Kerala and the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: This was an online-based cross-sectional study among engineering colleges in Ernakulam district of Kerala selected by simple random sampling. Students with psychiatric ailments were excluded from the study. On the basis of the prevalence of IGD, reported by Mihara and Higuchi in 2017, the minimum calculated sample size for this study using the formula, n = (4*pq)/d2 was 291. The study tool was a semi-structured questionnaire with three segments: socio-demographic profile, IGD, and Internet gaming behavior pattern. As data were collected using Google Forms, data were downloaded from Google Sheet and exported to and analyzed using SPSS software program, version 20.0. Results: The study had 271 participants and most of them were males. The mean age group of the study population was 22.77 years. The prevalence of IGD was found to be 2.2%. In the associated risk factors, people living alone were found to have a significant association with IGD. Conclusion: Although the prevalence observed in our research is low, more attention needs to be given to keeping the prevalence low, as the number of gamers in India has been constantly increasing.

Background: Burns trauma represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Tackling the pain and providing a better healing with conventional therapies have been compared to that by using topical heparin application in < 40% burns. Aim and Objectives: To compare pain score, healing, duration of hospital stay after applying topical heparin and conventional treatment for burns < 40%. Material and Methods: A total of 80 patients were included in the study and divided into 2 groups Heparin (H) and Control (C) group with 40 patients in each group. H group received unfractioned Heparin 25,000 IU / 5ml and C group received silver based antimicrobial cream and paraffin gauze. Results: Maximum number of patients belonged to the age group (15-35years = 65.5%). The maximum number of patients who sustained thermal injuries was from 11-20% (23 patients) and 31-40% (22 patients). The patients in H group had a significant decrease in their pain score (p

We demonstrate the development, performance, and application of a GaN-based micro-light emitting diode ( $\mu$LED) array sharing a common p-electrode (anode), and with individually addressable n-electrodes (cathodes). Compared to conventional GaN-based LED arrays, this array design employs a reversed structure of common and individual electrodes, which makes it innovative and compatible with n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) transistor-based drivers for faster modulation. Excellent performance characteristics are illustrated by an example array emitting at 450 nm. At a current density of 17.7 kA/cm$^2$ in direct-current operation, the optical power and small signal electrical-to-optical modulation bandwidth of a single $\mu$LED element with 24 $\mu$m diameter are over 2.0 mW and 440 MHz, respectively. The optimized fabrication process also ensures a high yield of working $\mu$LED elements per array and excellent element-to-element uniformity of electrical/optical characteristics. Results on visible light communication are presented as an application of an array integrated with an NMOS driver. Data transmission at several hundred Mb/s without bit error is achieved for single- and multiple-$\mu$ LED-element operations, under an on–off-keying modulation scheme. Transmission of stepped sawtooth waveforms is also demonstrated to confirm that the $\mu$ LED elements can transmit discrete multilevel signals.

This paper deals with the online monitoring of pressure control system using OPC servers. Here, the pressure from a pressure control system is transmitted to a Siemens PLC which is being monitored and controlled remotely by using OPC servers thereby offering a provision of debugging and changing process parameters easily. OLE for Process Control (OPC) is the industry standard that incorporates real time software technology for industrial automation and process control. Online monitoring of these parameters is accomplished using the web publishing tool.

Clinicians are less sensitive in considering the diagnosis of mania in children because of the variations in clinical presentation and because of the high comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders. More often than the elated and expansive mood, irritability and significant aggression may be the presenting symptoms in these cases. One such case report is discussed highlighting the clinical aspects of pediatric bipolar disorder.

Summary: Introduction: Approximately 1% of the UK population take oral corticosteroids for ≥ 28 days each year, for broadly two reasons: deficiency in corticosteroid requiring replacement; or therapeutic corticosteroid for inflammatory conditions. Acute deficiency can occur at times of physiological stress (e.g. surgery), potentially leading to major complications. The Association of Anaesthetists' 2020 consensus guideline provides detailed advice for the management of glucocorticoids during the peri‐operative period for patients with adrenal insufficiency. This national audit aimed to assess compliance with this guideline. Methods: Data were collected from 59 Trusts over 14 consecutive days for all eligible patients undergoing procedures under the care of an anaesthetist. Patients who were prescribed ≥ 5 mg oral prednisolone equivalents pre‐operatively, in whom supplementary corticosteroid would be indicated, were compared with those prescribed < 5 mg oral prednisolone equivalents. Results: Operations for 21,731 patients were audited: 277 (1.3%) patients were taking therapeutic corticosteroids. Detailed peri‐operative data were collected for all patients receiving therapeutic corticosteroids: 201/277 (73%) were ASA physical status ≥ 3; 184/277 (66%) underwent elective procedures; and 252/277 (91%) were prescribed prednisolone pre‐operatively, of whom 219/277 (79%) were prescribed ≥ 5 mg oral prednisolone equivalents. In the patients who were prescribed ≥ 5 mg oral prednisolone equivalents, 186/219 (85%) received pre‐operative glucocorticoid supplementation and 97/219 (42%) received it postoperatively; however, only 67/219 (31%) and 43/219 (20%) respectively received glucocorticoid supplementation according to the guidelines. Overall, peri‐operative prescribing was compliant in 19/219 (9%) patients. A similar proportion, 30/219 (14%), received no supplementation. In the patients taking < 5 mg oral prednisolone equivalents pre‐operatively, 28/58 (48%) received inappropriate supplementation. Conclusions: Despite 125/277 (45%) of anaesthetists reporting Association of Anaesthetists' guidelines use, compliance remained low, with adherence in only 27/125 (22%) patients. Further research is required to identify the correct peri‐operative strategy for patients taking therapeutic corticosteroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]