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This study conducted high-resolution paleoclimatic analyses based on the identification of palynological groups of late Aptian age (biozone Sergipea veriverrucata) in the Bragança and Codó formations within the Bragança–Viseu, São Luís, and Parnaíba basins. The analysis comprised 40 palynological samples, with 200 palynomorphs per slide counted when possible. Bioclimatic analysis was mainly supported by the identification of botanical affinities, and ecological and climatic parameters such as the wet/arid trend (Fs/X), Shannon–Wiener diversity, and indicator species analysis (IndVal) were used. Statistical analyses such as principal component and cluster analyses were employed to support the paleoclimatic interpretations. The study recognized 69 genera distributed among the main groups of living plants, including bryophytes, ferns, lycophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. It was possible to attribute botanical affinity in 94.2 % of the taxa, and nine genera occurred in all sections studied: Afropollis, Araucariacites, Callialasporites, Cicatricosisporites, Classopollis, Cyathidites, Deltoidospora, Equisetosporites, and Verrucosisporites, with Classopollis being the most abundant. The stratigraphic distribution of the bioclimatic groups (hydrophytes, hygrophytes, lowland tropical flora, upland flora, and xerophytes) allowed for the identification of climatic phases: pre-evaporitic, evaporitic, and post-evaporitic. In the pre-evaporitic phase, the most significant abundances were between the hygrophytes and upland flora, indicating a certain level of humidity. Xerophytes were the most abundant in all phases, with a conspicuous increase in the evaporitic phase, reflecting an increase in aridity. In the post-evaporitic phase, there was a significant increase in the upland flora with the return of wetter conditions. This study confirmed an increasing humidity trend in the analyzed sections, probably owing to the influence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone that was already operating during the late Aptian.

Abstract Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) are disproportionately affected by HIV, with much higher incidence and prevalence rates than in the general population in different countries. There are several barriers to testing among MSM and TGW, such as low risk perception, anticipation of HIV-related stigma, discrimination of sexual orientation, in addition to difficulties related to care and access to health services. Therefore, analyzing the available evidence of the effectiveness of strategies for scaling up HIV testing among key populations is essential to point out potential knowledge gaps which may need to be addressed and develop public health policies to promote testing and early diagnosis of HIV infection. Methods An integrative review was carried out to evaluate strategies for scaling up HIV testing in these populations. Search strategy was performed on eight electronic databases, without language restriction. We included clinical trials, quasi-experimental studies, and non-randomized studies. Study selection and data extraction were both performed independently by pairs and disagreements were solved by a third revisor. The screening of the studies was carried out through the selection of titles/abstracts and the reading of the full texts of the pre-selected studies based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Data extraction was performed using a structured form. Results Thirty-seven publications referring to 35 studies were included, mostly being carried out in the United States of America and Australia. No studies were found evaluating disaggregated data on TGW. The studies were grouped into four types of intervention strategies: self-test distribution system (n = 10), organization of health services (n = 9), peer education (n = 6), and social marketing campaign (n = 10). Strategies that focused on the first three groups, combined or not, were more effective in increasing HIV testing among MSM. Conclusions Considering the diversity of interventions and the methodological heterogeneity of the included studies, strategies especially involving self-test distribution systems, associated with new information and communication technologies, should be evaluated in different communities and social contexts. Research evaluating specific studies on TGW population is still needed.

Our current understanding of how dark matter (DM) is distributed within the Milky Way (MW) halo, particularly in the solar neighborhood, is based on either careful studies of the local stellar orbits, model assumptions on the global shape of the MW halo, or from direct acceleration measurements. In this work, we undertake a study of external galaxies, with the intent of providing insight into the DM distribution in MW-analog galaxies. For this, we carefully select a sample of galaxies similar to the MW, based on maximum atomic hydrogen (H i ) rotational velocity ( ${v}_{max,{\rm{H}}\,{\rm{I}}}=200\mbox{--}280$ km s ^−1 ) and morphological type (Sab–Sbc) criteria. With a need for deep, highly resolved H i , our resulting sample is composed of five galaxies from the VLA Imaging of Virgo in Atomic Gas (VIVA) survey and The H i Nearby Galaxy Survey (THINGS). To perform our baryonic analysis, we use deep mid-IR images at 3.6 and 4.5 μ m from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structures in Galaxies (S ^4 G). Based on the dynamical three-dimensional modeling software 3D-Based Analysis of Rotating Objects via Line Observations (3D- BAROLO ), we construct rotation curves (RCs) and derive the gas and stellar contributions from the galaxy's gaseous and stellar disks' mass surface density profiles. Through a careful decomposition of their RCs into their baryonic (stars, gas) and DM components, we isolate the DM contribution by using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo-based approach. Based on the Sun's location and the MW’s R _25 , we define the corresponding location of the solar neighborhood in these systems. We put forward a window for the DM density ( ρ _dm = 0.21–0.55 GeV cm ^−3 ) at these galactocentric distances in our MW analog sample, consistent with the values found for the MW’s local DM density, based on more traditional approaches found in the literature.

The occurrence of paleo-wildfire events during the Campanian age of the Late Cretaceous is demonstrated in this study for the first time with deposits from the King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula. With the aim of providing information that fills important paleoenvironmental and paleobiogeographic gaps about the end of the Cretaceous for the Gondwana, samples of macroscopic charcoal were collected at two different volcanic levels of the Price Point outcrop, King George Island, during the expeditions to the Antarctic Peninsula by the Brazilian Antarctic Program (PROANTAR). The samples of charcoal were treated and later analyzed under a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. The analysis allowed the identification of morphoanatomical structures with potential taxonomic affinity with Podocarpaceae. These conifers were important in temperate forests of high-latitude environments during the Late Cretaceous, and this is in accordance with previous palaeobotanical records from Price Point. The analysis also showed that southern paleofloras were subject to the occurrence of paleo-wildfires much more frequently than previously thought. This indicates that fire and active volcanism were significant modifiers of the ecological niches of austral floras, because even in distal areas, the source of ignition for forest fires often came from contact with a hot volcanic ash cloud, where the vegetation was either totally or partially consumed by fire.

The articulation between History of Science and science teaching has traversed a long path in Science Education. Among the numerous works in this field, Michael Matthews' study in 1992 had a significant impact by proposing defenses for the inclusion of historical approaches in science classes, which continue to be relevant to this day. Simultaneously, in recent years, socio-political perspectives in Science Education have been highlighted, directing efforts towards addressing fundamental issues of our time. It is within the framework of these two premises that this research analyzes the movement of articulation between History of Science and teaching, focusing on the similarities and differences from the defenses established by Michael Matthews in 1992, and how this relates to the socio-political turn in Science Education. To achieve this goal, we conducted a literature review over a period of 20 years (from 2002 to 2021), considering two national journals: the Caderno Brasileiro de Ensino de Física and the journal Ciência & Educação. The study addressed themes rooted in Matthews' work from 1992, such as changing conceptions of science, learning scientific concepts, and the socio-cultural approach, seeking to understand the dynamics and reflections present in the academic literature of this area over time and how the socio-political perspective, arising from educational perspectives, fits into this articulation. In conclusion, based on the results found, we propose how the socio-political turn can be a theoretical-methodological path to address contemporary issues in the context of science teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As pesquisas da educação científica indicam a necessidade de um ensino sobre as ciências que possa discutir os processos da mesma a fim de se distanciar de visões ingênuas e deturpadas. Dentro desta perspectiva, defendemos o diálogo entre ciência e arte como forma de entender o conhecimento científico como cultura de determinado local e época. Seguindo essa abordagem, faremos uma leitura, a partir de fontes primárias e secundárias, de alguns quadros da obra da artista surrealista espanhola Remedios Varo que ajudam a refletir sobre questões que permeiam a ciência. Para a leitura, traremos o contexto da artista junto a temas que a ciência esteve envolvida no século XX. Por fim, suscitaremos algumas questões combinadas a sugestões dessa leitura para o ensino, com o intuito de promover discussões que possam problematizar a ciência a fim de nos afastarmos de discursos cientificistas e autoritários.

In order to infer paleoenvironmental changes for the Cretaceous of the Pernambuco Basin, 26 samples collected in the IATE 1-LABIO-PE3 well were analyzed. The study includes the Albian-Maastrichtian interval, which represent the Cabo, Estiva, Itamaracá and Gramame formations. Six association of organic matter particles were established: Amorphous organic matter (AOM), Opaque, Non-opaque, Degraded, Sporomorph and Marine. The changes in the abundance of organic particles allowed the identification of four paleoenvironments, which coincide with the formations studied. The results indicate a change from a very shallow marine environment with a fluvio-deltaic influence to a more open marine environment, reflecting a progressive marine influence in the studied section.

The Shaler Memorial Fund created in 1907 by students and admirers of the geologist Nathaniel Southgate Shaler, professor from Harvard University, allowed in its first contribution to fostering research, the organization of an expedition to the South and Southeast of Brazil. The expedition had the purpose to confirm Nathaniel`s ideas about the existence of glacial layers older then the Pleistocene. Led by the North American geologist Jay Backus Woodworthy and counting with participation of the Brazilian geologist Euzébio de Oliveira, the expedition not only proved the presence of glacial evidence but also discovered an intercalated fossiliferous marine shale, later known as Lontras Shale, Itararé Group. The fossils, initially studied by the American paleontologist Rudolf Ruedemann and by Euzébio de Oliveira, had its studies intensified from the 1980s with the identification of new outcrops and due the new data of the geological evolution of the carboniferous and permian sedimentary sucessions of the Paraná Basin. Economic disputes and discussion about the preservation of Lontras Shale outcrops, besides the discovered of new site namely as CAMPÁLEO, have reactivated the scientific interest about this unit and its paleontological content, increasing its studies. Poorly known by the Brazilian academic community, the historical context of the Lontras Shale is here reported, highlighting the importance of the Shale Memorial Fund as responsible for the geological and paleontological discoveries that have followed, for more than a century.

Uma detalhada análise palinológica foi realizada em 29 amostras do Cretáceo obtidas do poço Campos-01 perfurado na porção norte da Bacia de Campos. Os principais objetivos do estudo foram precisar a idade das rochas e performar uma análise e interpretação dos ambientes doposicionais do intervalo. O material consiste principalmente de folhelhos, margas, calcilutitos e arenitos depositados em ambiente marinho profundo. A análise palinológica consistiu na identificação e contagem de todos os palinomorfos. Para investigações paleoambientais e paleoecológicas foram usadas análise de agrupamento, índices ecológicos (e.g. diversidade, dominância) e razões (e.g. continental:marinho). Um total de 97 táxons foi identificado, sendo 46 gêneros de cistos de dinoflagelados, 25 gêneros de esporos, 21 gêneros de grãos de pólen, 2 gêneros de algas de água doce e palinoforaminíferos. A assembleia registrada (e.g. Trichodinium castanea, Dinogymnium acuminatum, Zlivisporis blanensis) foi atribuída a idade Campaniano final-Maastrichtiano final para a seção estudada. O intervalo é fortemente dominado por cisto de dinoflagelados que alcançam 90,7% do total dos palinomorfos. Baseado na análise de agrupamento (modo-r), três associações de dinoflagelados foram reconhecidas: Systematophora, Areoligera e Spiniferites. A distribuição estratigráfica das associações de dinoflagelados indica três intervalos (I1-I3). Os intervalos I1 e I2, dominados por Systematophora e Spiniferites respectivamente, são interpretados como ambiente marinho aberto. No Intervalo 3, a dominância da Associação Areoligera indica um ambiente costeiro, corroborado pela grande quantidade de elementos continentais, incluindo o gênero Callialasporites, que é atribuído à flora de altitude, sugerindo a presença de áreas de terras altas.

O presente artigo se inicia com remissões históricas à prática da mediação ao longo do tempo, enquanto método autocompositivo de resolução de conflitos, e analisa a restauração da natureza ôntica do direito através da mediação. Neste ponto trabalha-se com o conceito de onticidade como criação de normas e decisões jurídicas pelos próprios sujeitos mediados e estuda-se a prática do mediador, a cultura da litigância, o zen-jurismo e a mediação escolar enquanto elementos estruturantes da teoria defendida.

The aim of this study was to describe energy partitioning in dairy crossbreed bulls fed tropical forage-based diets supplemented with different additives. Twenty F1 crossbred bulls (Holstein x Gyr) with initial and final live weight (LW) averages of 190 ± 17 and 275 ± 20 kg were fed sorghum (Sorghum bicolour) and Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania) silage (70:30 DM basis) with supplemented concentrate at a forage to concentrate ratio of 50:50. The bulls were allocated to four treatment: control groups (without additives), monensin [22 mg/kg monensin dry matter (DM)] (M), virginiamycin (30 mg/kg virginiamycin DM) (V), and combination (22 mg/kg DM of monensin and 30 mg/kg DM of virginiamycin) (MV), in a completely randomised design. The intake of gross energy (GE, MJ/d), digestible energy (DE, MJ/d), metabolizable energy (ME, MJ/d), as well as energy losses in the form of faeces, urine, methane, heat production (HE), and retained energy (RE) were measured. Faecal output was measured in apparent digestibility trial. Right after the apparent digestibility trial, urine samples were collected in order to estimate the daily urinary production of the animals. Heat and methane production were measured in an open circuit respirometry chamber. The intake of GE, DE, and ME of the animals receiving monensin and virginiamycin alone or in combination (MV) showed no differences (P>0.05) from the control treatment. However, the MV treatment reduced (P0.05) the utilization efficiency of ME for weight gain, RE and net gain energy. This study showed that for cattle fed tropical forages, the combination of virginiamycin and monensin as feed additives affected their energy metabolism by a reduction in the energy lost as methane.

Abstract: The islands or island states have physical characteristics that make them attractive to the visitation, its specificities are conducive to the practice of various tourist modalities, especially those using the natural attractions. The island environments are considered fragile and can easily suffer the degradation of their ecosystems. The causes of this degradation can be caused by humans or from natural processes. In this sense, the present study aimed to identify the activities that are being sold in six Brazilian tourist islands. To conduct the research , information was collected from sites of destinations, then was developed an on-line questionnaire and sent to 30 incoming agencies of the six islands in order to obtain an overview. The results obtained in this paper concluded that some of the activities cited by respondents as frequent, have high potential for negative environmental impact and require more planning or even its prohibition, by not be consistent with the fragility of the island environment.

ABSTRACT In order to reconstruct the vegetation history of the last 10.000 years, palynological analyses were carried out using 17 sedimentary samples of a core drilled in Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (PERD-MG). Twenty-one species of fern spores, 52 species of pollen grains and six species of fungi were identified. Phase 1 (10.375 - 9.350 cal. years BP) is characterized by a low concentration and diversity of pollen grains and is thus interpreted as a fluvial system with the presence of coarse-grained sediments. Phase 2 (9.062 - 8.195 cal. Years BP) is interpreted as a transition from a fluvial to lacustrine environment. Phase 3 (7.905 - 4.785 cal years BP) is characterized by increased trend of palynomorph concentration, highlighted by a high abundance and diversity of fern spores, which are indicative of a more a humid condition. The uppermost phase, Phase 4 (4.785 - 50 cal. Years AP), possessed a lower abundance of herbaceous flora, which is replaced by other vegetation groups (e.g. marsh, cerrado, Atlantic Forest). The uppermost sample represents the contemporary environment (~50 years), which is characterized as seasonally-flooded.

The aim of this study was to determine the energy metabolism and partition of lactating Gyr and F1 Holstein x Gyr (F1 HxG) cows in different planes of nutrition. Six F1 HxG and six Gyr cows with 130 days in milking (DIM) fed corn silage and concentrate were evaluated. The experiment consisted of four periods with different levels of feeding: 1st ad libitum dry matter intake (DMI) and the others with 5, 10 and 20% restricted DMI, related to the first one. An apparent digestibility assay was performed before measurements in the respiration chamber. Total feces were collected for three days. The cows were confined for 24h in the chamber in each period to determine methane and heat production (HP). F1 HxG had higher gross energy intake (GEI), metabolisable energy intake (MEI) and digestible energy intake (DEI). GE lost in feces was higher in F1 HxG (23.7% GEI) than in Gyr (20.5%) cows. Energy lost as methane and urine was similar between the groups. The metabolisability (q) was 0.67, and the efficiency of converting ME to NE (k) was 0.56. There was no difference in the energy requirements for maintenance between breeds (426.6 MJ/kg BW0,75 average value). The energy requirements for lactation were higher in F1 HxG animals due to the higher volume of milk produced, since there was no difference in energy requirements for production of one kg of milk.