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Iza Ding’s The Performative State is essential reading for those wanting to learn more about the less visible reality of the daily challenges faced by street-level environmental bureaucrats in China. It lends flesh and blood to a phrase I encountered repeatedly in China in the mid-2010s when interviewing environmental activists: “Well, there is the law, but then there is the application of the law in dealing with pollution cases.” Ding’s rich and in-depth observations transport readers back t...

The argument goes that, as living standards rise, the demand for better environmental management increases and a liberal political system is best placed to deal with such issues. In contrast to the dominant discussions of environmentalism, which concentrates on the relationship between democracy and environmentalism, this thesis suggests that environmental protection can become a playground for authoritarian regimes to pursue ulterior motives and goals. Using the concept of environmental authoritarianism, the following research assesses the resilience capacity of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) despite the gravity of its environmental crisis and mounting citizen grievances. An ethnographic methodology composed of different methods is employed to undertake the investigation including participant observation, field notes, interviews and document analysis. The implementation of cooperation and legitimation strategies are investigated at an urban city level in the field of environmental sustainability. Broadly, the thesis argues that the environmental governance capacity of the CCP has been developed around three ideas: (1) (re)centralise environmental governance efforts; (2) create a consensus around environmental protection (e.g. ‘ecological civilisation’); and (3) institutionalise grassroots movements. Using actor-network-theory as a method of analysis, I explore how these processes occur in practice at a local level through two case studies: a registered NGO working on waste reduction and a social enterprise aimed at strengthening rural communities and promoting sustainable agriculture. The thesis findings indicate that there has been a shift from fragmentation to a consolidation resulting in less room for contentious participation. The instrumentalisation of environmental issues by the government prevent environmental activists to resist co-optation by the government machinery. Still, empirical evidence demonstrates that actors continuously adapt to new pressures. Broadly, by focusing on Shanghai as a case study, the following research advances that environmental protection is being instrumentally mobilised to legitimise a variety of planning practices through the use of a complex combination of mobilising, politicising and depoliticising techniques. Wider conclusions are drawn on authoritarian resilience, China’s public participation, and authoritarian modes of environmental governance., Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Estudos Interculturais Português/Chinês: Tradução, Formação e Comunicação Empresarial, Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo alertar para as especificidades do mundo dos negócios na China. Demonstrarei alguns dos problemas com os quais muitas empresas se debatem na abordagem deste país de cultura e língua tão singulares. Portanto, focar-se-á essencialmente em evidenciar a importância que estas têm no estabelecimento de negócios de sucesso na China., 这项工作的主要目的是使中国的商业界引起注意。中国特有的语言和文 化对一些外国公司来说是一个很大的困难。下文中，我将会提到很多外 国公司在中国因为这些文化差异而遇到的问题。因此，我将会着重强调 汉语和文化差异对于贸易成功的重要性。, The main purpose of this work is to alert to the specifics of the business world in China. I will try to demonstrate some of the problems that many companies find when approaching this country with their own unique culture and language. Therefore, I will mainly focus in the importance they have in the establishment of successful business in China., Ce travail a pour principal objectif de mettre l'accent sur les spécificités du monde des affaires en Chine. J'expose certains des problèmes avec lesquels de nombreuses entreprises ont à se débattre durant l'approche de ce pays de culture et langue singulières. Par conséquent, l'accent sera essentiellement mis sur l'importance que ceux-ci jouent dans l'établissement de bonnes relations d'affaires en Chine.