102 results on '"Araniti F"'
Search Results
2. Citral Induces Auxin and Ethylene-Mediated Malformations and Arrests Cell Division in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots
- Author
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Graña, E., Sotelo, T., Díaz-Tielas, C., Araniti, F., Krasuska, U., Bogatek, R., Reigosa, M. J., and Sánchez-Moreiras, A. M.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Coumarin interferes with polar auxin transport altering microtubule cortical array organization in arabidopsis thaliana (L.) heynh. root apical meristem
- Author
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Bruno, L., Talarico, E., Cabeiras-Freijanes, L., Madeo, M. L., Muto, A., Minervino, M., Lucini, Luigi, Miras Moreno, Maria Begona, Sofo, A., Araniti, F., Lucini L. (ORCID:0000-0002-5133-9464), Miras-Moreno M. B. (ORCID:0000-0002-5931-355X), Bruno, L., Talarico, E., Cabeiras-Freijanes, L., Madeo, M. L., Muto, A., Minervino, M., Lucini, Luigi, Miras Moreno, Maria Begona, Sofo, A., Araniti, F., Lucini L. (ORCID:0000-0002-5133-9464), and Miras-Moreno M. B. (ORCID:0000-0002-5931-355X)
- Abstract
Coumarin is a phytotoxic natural compound able to affect plant growth and development. Previous studies have demonstrated that this molecule at low concentrations (100 µM) can reduce primary root growth and stimulate lateral root formation, suggesting an auxin-like activity. In the present study, we evaluated coumarin’s effects (used at lateral root-stimulating concentrations) on the root apical meristem and polar auxin transport to identify its potential mode of action through a confocal microscopy approach. To achieve this goal, we used several Arabidopsis thaliana GFP transgenic lines (for polar auxin transport evaluation), immunolabeling techniques (for imaging cortical microtubules), and GC-MS analysis (for auxin quantification). The results highlighted that coumarin induced cyclin B accumulation, which altered the microtubule cortical array organization and, consequently, the root apical meristem architecture. Such alterations reduced the basipetal transport of auxin to the apical root apical meristem, inducing its accumulation in the maturation zone and stimulating lateral root formation.
- Published
- 2021
4. Proteomics revealed distinct responses to salinity between the halophytes Suaeda maritima (L.) dumort and salicornia brachiata (Roxb)
- Author
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Benjamin, J. J., Miras Moreno, Maria Begona, Araniti, F., Salehi, H., Bernardo, Letizia, Parida, A., Lucini, Luigi, Miras-moreno B. (ORCID:0000-0002-5931-355X), Bernardo L., Lucini L. (ORCID:0000-0002-5133-9464), Benjamin, J. J., Miras Moreno, Maria Begona, Araniti, F., Salehi, H., Bernardo, Letizia, Parida, A., Lucini, Luigi, Miras-moreno B. (ORCID:0000-0002-5931-355X), Bernardo L., and Lucini L. (ORCID:0000-0002-5133-9464)
- Abstract
Plant resistance to salinity stress is one of the main challenges of agriculture. The comprehension of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in plant tolerance to salinity can help to contrast crop losses due to high salt conditions in soil. In this study, Salicornia brachiata and Suaeda maritima, two plants with capacity to adapt to high salinity levels, were investigated at proteome level to highlight the key processes involved in their tolerance to NaCl. With this purpose, plants were treated with 200 mM NaCl as optimal concentration and 500 mM NaCl as a moderate stressing concentration for 14 days. Indeed, 200 mM NaCl did not result in an evident stress condition for both species, although photosynthesis was affected (with a general up accumulation of photosynthesis‐related proteins in S. brachiata under salinity). Our findings indicate a coordinated response to salinity in both the halophytes considered, under NaCl conditions. In addition to photosynthesis, heat shock proteins and peroxidase, expansins, signaling processes, and modulation of transcription/translation were affected by salinity. Interestingly, our results suggested distinct mechanisms of tolerance to salinity between the two species considered, with S. brachiata likely having a more efficient mechanism of response to NaCl.
- Published
- 2020
5. Single nucleotide polymorphism profiles reveal an admixture genetic structure of grapevine germplasm from Calabria, Italy, uncovering its key role for the diversification of cultivars in the Mediterranean Basin
- Author
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Sunseri F., Lupini A., Mauceri A., De Lorenzis G., Araniti F., Brancadoro L., Dattola A., Gullo G., Zappia R., and Mercati F.
- Subjects
Ampelography ,native cultivar ,single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ,simple sequence repeat (SSR) ,Vitis vinifera L ,fungi ,parentage analysis ,food and beverages ,genetic diversity ,domestication centre - Abstract
Background and Aims: Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the earliest domesticated crops, dating back 6000 years ago in the Near East before spreading into Europe. Despite the abundance of historical, archaeological and genetic records, until now secondary domestication events in European regions are not well demonstrated. Here, a genetic characterisation of grape germplasm from Calabria in Southern Italy, a crucial area of the Mediterranean Basin, aims to validate this area as a secondary centre of crop domestication. Methods and Results: True-to-type cultivar classification of 72 accessions was carried out by using microsatellite loci (simple sequence repeat) along with the main Organisation Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin ampelographic descriptors. The classification highlighted a high level of genetic diversity (He = 0.83) among native cultivars from Calabria. A decay of genetic diversity moving from southern Italy to north-western Mediterranean regions was observed, probably because of repeated founder effects during the grapevine expansion from the Mediterranean Basin to Europe. Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis showed an admixture genetic structure at K = 7, clarifying a complex network of pedigree relationships generated by crosses among cultivars. Parentage analysis underlined a high proportion of parent-offspring relationships (76%) in Mantonico Bianco and Pecorello, hypothesising their key role in the pedigree of many native cultivars from the southern Mediterranean area. Conclusion: Overall, our results appear to indicate a pivotal role of cultivars from Calabria in the grape genetic diversity of southern Italy. Furthermore, genetic analysis of grape wild accessions from Calabria should be of value in a discussion of a secondary centre of grape domestication. Significance of the Study: A large grape collection from Calabria was for the first time characterised through ampelographic and genetic analysis.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Metabolite profiling and biological properties of aerial parts from Leopoldia comosa (L.) Parl.: Antioxidant and anti-obesity potential
- Author
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Marrelli, M., primary, Araniti, F., additional, Statti, G., additional, and Conforti, F., additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Origanum vulgare essential oils inhibit glutamate and aspartate metabolism altering the photorespiratory pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings
- Author
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Araniti, F., primary, Landi, M., additional, Lupini, A., additional, Sunseri, F., additional, Guidi, L., additional, and Abenavoli, M.R., additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Single nucleotide polymorphism profiles reveal an admixture genetic structure of grapevine germplasm from Calabria, Italy, uncovering its key role for the diversification of cultivars in the Mediterranean Basin
- Author
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Sunseri, F., primary, Lupini, A., additional, Mauceri, A., additional, De Lorenzis, G., additional, Araniti, F., additional, Brancadoro, L., additional, Dattola, A., additional, Gullo, G., additional, Zappia, R., additional, and Mercati, F., additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Coumarin enhances nitrate uptake in maize roots through modulation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity
- Author
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Lupini, A., primary, Araniti, F., additional, Mauceri, A., additional, Princi, M. P., additional, Sorgonà, A, additional, Sunseri, F., additional, Varanini, Z., additional, and Abenavoli, M. R., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Seasonal and environmental variability of non-cultivated edible Cichorioideae (Asteraceae)
- Author
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Marrelli, M., primary, Conforti, F., additional, Araniti, F., additional, Casacchia, T., additional, and Statti, G., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Terpenoidtrans-caryophyllene inhibits weed germination and induces plant water status alteration and oxidative damage in adultArabidopsis
- Author
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Araniti, F., primary, Sánchez-Moreiras, A. M., additional, Graña, E., additional, Reigosa, M. J., additional, and Abenavoli, M. R., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Seasonal and environmental variability of non-cultivated edible Cichorioideae (Asteraceae).
- Author
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Marrelli, M., Conforti, F., Araniti, F., Casacchia, T., and Statti, G.
- Subjects
ASTERACEAE ,PLANT variation ,PLANT extracts ,PHENOLS ,FLAVONOIDS - Abstract
The need for a healthy diet and a renewed interest towards the rediscovery of old culinary traditions has determined a new attention to alimurgic plants. The aim of this work was to evaluate chemical and biological variability in relation to harvest time and site of collection of three wild edible Cichorioideae (Asteraceae) belonging to Calabrian folk tradition: Cichorium intybus L., Sonchus asper L. and Picris hieracioides L. Twelve hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared and evaluated for their total phenolic and flavonoid content. In vitro biological activity was assessed by means of DPPH and β-carotene bleaching test. The abundance of phenolics was significantly affected by the month of collection, being samples collected on November richer in phenolic compounds, and by the site of collection, as samples from lower altitude showed the highest content. The same samples showed also the highest radical scavenging activity. Also the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation was influenced, being samples collected at lower altitude in November the most active ones. Within the framework of a valorisation of wild edible plant species, this work evidenced that harvest time and site of collection significantly affected phytochemical content and biological activity of investigated species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Coumarin enhances nitrate uptake in maize roots through modulation of plasma membrane H+‐ATPase activity.
- Author
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Lupini, A., Araniti, F., Mauceri, A., Princi, M. P., Sorgonà, A., Sunseri, F., Varanini, Z., and Abenavoli, M. R.
- Subjects
- *
COUMARINS , *NITROGEN content of plants , *ADENOSINE triphosphate , *PLANT plasma membranes , *PLANT metabolites - Abstract
Abstract: Coumarin is one of the simplest plant secondary metabolites, widely distributed in the plant kingdom, affecting root form and function, including anatomy, morphology and nutrient uptake. Although, some plant responses to coumarin have been described, comprehensive knowledge of the physiological and molecular mechanisms is lacking. Maize seedlings exposed to different coumarin concentrations, alone or in combination with 200 μ m nitrate (NO3−), were analysed, through a physiological and molecular approach, to elucidate action of coumarin on net NO3− uptake rate (NNUR). In detail, the time course of NNUR, plasma membrane (PM) H+‐ATPase activity, proton pumping and related gene expression (
ZmNPF6.3 ,ZmNRT2.1 ,ZmNAR2.1 ,ZmHA3 andZmHA4 ) were evaluated. Coumarin alone did not affect nitrate uptake, PM H+‐ATPase activity or transcript levels ofZmNRT2.1 andZmHA3 . In contrast, coumarin alone increasedZmNPF6.3, ZmNAR2.1 andZmHA4 expression in response to abiotic stress. When coumarin and NO3− were concurrently added to the nutrient solution, a significant increase in the NNUR, PM H+‐ATPase activity, together withZmNAR2.1 :ZmNRT2 .1 andZmHA4 expression was observed, suggesting that coumarin affected the inducible component of the high affinity transport system (iHATS), and this effect appeared to be mediated by nitrate. Moreover, results with vanadate, an inhibitor of the PM H+‐ATPase, suggested that this enzyme could be the main target of coumarin. Surprisingly, coumarin did not affect PM H+‐ATPase activity by direct contact with plasma membrane vesicles isolated from maize roots, indicating its possible elicitor role in gene transcription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Terpenoid trans-caryophyllene inhibits weed germination and induces plant water status alteration and oxidative damage in adult Arabidopsis.
- Author
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Araniti, F., Sánchez‐Moreiras, A. M., Graña, E., Reigosa, M. J., Abenavoli, M. R., and Mock, H. P.
- Subjects
- *
ARABIDOPSIS thaliana , *TERPENES , *GERMINATION , *CARYOPHYLLENE , *PLANTS , *OXIDATIVE stress , *ROOT growth , *AROMATIC plants - Abstract
trans-Caryophyllene (TC) is a sesquiterpene commonly found as volatile component in many different aromatic plants. Although the phytotoxic effects of trans-caryophyllene on seedling growth are relatively explored, not many information is available regarding the phytotoxicity of this sesquiterpenes on weed germination and on adult plants. The phytotoxic potential of TC was assayed in vitro on weed germination and seedling growth to validate its phytotoxic potential on weed species. Moreover, it was assayed on the metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana adult plants, through two different application ways, spraying and watering, in order to establish the primary affected organ and to deal with the unknown mobility of the compound. The results clearly indicated that TC inhibited both seed germination and root growth, as demonstrated by comparison of the ED50 values. Moreover, although trans-caryophyllene-sprayed adult Arabidopsis plants did not show any effect, trans-caryophyllene-watered plants became strongly affected. The results suggested that root uptake was a key step for the effectiveness of this natural compound and its phytotoxicity on adult plants was mainly due to the alteration of plant water status accompanied by oxidative damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Citral Induces Auxin and Ethylene-Mediated Malformations and Arrests Cell Division in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots
- Author
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Graña, Elisa, Sotelo Pérez, Tamara, Díaz-Tielas, Carla, Araniti, F., Krasuska, U., Bogatek, R., Reigosa, Manuel J., Sánchez-Moreiras, Adela M., Graña, Elisa, Sotelo Pérez, Tamara, Díaz-Tielas, Carla, Araniti, F., Krasuska, U., Bogatek, R., Reigosa, Manuel J., and Sánchez-Moreiras, Adela M.
- Abstract
Citral is a linear monoterpene which is present, as a volatile component, in the essential oil of several different aromatic plants. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of citral to alter the mitotic microtubules of plant cells, especially at low concentrations. The changes to the microtubules may be due to the compound acting directly on the treated root and coleoptile cells or to indirect action through certain phytohormones. This study, performed in Arabidopsis thaliana, analysed the short-term effects of citral on the auxin content and mitotic cells, and the long-term effects of these alterations on root development and ethylene levels. The results of this study show that citral alters auxin content and cell division and has a strong long-term disorganising effect on cell ultra-structure in A. thaliana seedlings. Its effects on cell division, the thickening of the cell wall, the reduction in intercellular communication, and the absence of root hairs confirm that citral is a strong phytotoxic compound, which has persistent effects on root development. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.
- Published
- 2013
16. The application of genetics approaches to the study of exceptional longevity in humans: Potential and limitations
- Author
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Ferrario, A, Villa, F, Malovini, A, Araniti, F, Puca, A, Puca, A., VILLA, FRANCESCO, Ferrario, A, Villa, F, Malovini, A, Araniti, F, Puca, A, Puca, A., and VILLA, FRANCESCO
- Abstract
The average life-span of the population of industrialized countries has improved enormously over the last decades. Despite evidence pointing to the role of food intake in modulating life-span, exceptional longevity is still considered primarily an inheritable trait, as pointed out by the description of families with centenarian clusters and by the elevated relative probability of siblings of centenarians to become centenarians themselves. However, rather than being two separate concepts, the genetic origin of exceptional longevity and the more recently observed environment-driven increase in the average age of the population could possibly be explained by the same genetic variants and environmentally modulated mechanisms (caloric restriction, specific nutrients). In support of this hypothesis, polymorphisms selected for in the centenarian population as a consequence of demographic pressure have been found to modulate cellular signals controlled also by caloric restriction. Here, we give an overview of the recent findings in the field of the genetics of human exceptional longevity, of how some of the identified polymorphisms modulate signals also influenced by food intake and caloric restriction, of what in our view have been the limitations of the approaches used over the past years to study genetics (sib-pair-, candidate gene association-, and genome-wide association-studies), and briefly of the limitations and the potential of the new, high-throughput, next-generation sequencing techniques applied to exceptional longevity. © 2012 Ferrario et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
- Published
- 2012
17. Natuurlijke middelen ter beheersing van nematoden
- Author
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Zoon, F., Poleij, L., Araniti, F., Kok, H., Zoon, F., Poleij, L., Araniti, F., and Kok, H.
- Abstract
De beschikbaarheid en wenselijkheid van synthetische nematiciden neemt gestaag af. Daarom wordt onderzoek gedaan naar het opsporen van alternatieve natuurlijke middelen die de overleving of het gedrag van aaltjes kunnen beïnvloeden. Biofumigatiegewassen vormen onderdeel van het arsenaal aan gewasbeschermingsmiddelen van natuurlijke oorsprong (GNO’s) en hebben verschillende voordelen in geïntegreerde teelten
18. The application of genetics approaches to the study of exceptional longevity in humans: potential and limitations
- Author
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Ferrario Anna, Villa Francesco, Malovini Alberto, Araniti Fiorella, and Puca Annibale A
- Subjects
Aging ,Centenarians ,Longevity ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Geriatrics ,RC952-954.6 - Abstract
Abstract The average life-span of the population of industrialized countries has improved enormously over the last decades. Despite evidence pointing to the role of food intake in modulating life-span, exceptional longevity is still considered primarily an inheritable trait, as pointed out by the description of families with centenarian clusters and by the elevated relative probability of siblings of centenarians to become centenarians themselves. However, rather than being two separate concepts, the genetic origin of exceptional longevity and the more recently observed environment-driven increase in the average age of the population could possibly be explained by the same genetic variants and environmentally modulated mechanisms (caloric restriction, specific nutrients). In support of this hypothesis, polymorphisms selected for in the centenarian population as a consequence of demographic pressure have been found to modulate cellular signals controlled also by caloric restriction. Here, we give an overview of the recent findings in the field of the genetics of human exceptional longevity, of how some of the identified polymorphisms modulate signals also influenced by food intake and caloric restriction, of what in our view have been the limitations of the approaches used over the past years to study genetics (sib-pair-, candidate gene association-, and genome-wide association-studies), and briefly of the limitations and the potential of the new, high-throughput, next-generation sequencing techniques applied to exceptional longevity.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Secondary metabolites and eco-friendly techniques for agricultural weed/pest management
- Author
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Fabrizio Araniti, Maria Rosa Abenavoli, Marco Landi, Vito Armando Laudicina, Araniti F., Landi M., Laudicina V.A., and Abenavoli M.R.
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Integrated pest management ,weed control ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Plant Science ,phytotoxicity ,natural herbicide ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,microbial bioma ,microbial respiration ,Quality (business) ,bacteria ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,media_common ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Agroforestry ,Crop yield ,Botany ,Edaphic ,Environmentally friendly ,030104 developmental biology ,n/a ,Editorial ,Agriculture ,QK1-989 ,Environmental science ,fungi ,Weed ,business ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
In agro-ecosystems, pests (insects, weeds, and other plant’s parasites) compete with crops for edaphic resources, negatively affecting quality and crop yields [1]. Nowadays, synthetic pesticides, easy to apply and accessible to farmers, are the most common and effective methods for pest management [2]. Nevertheless, the negative impact of these chemicals on the environment, human health, and the development of herbicides/pesticides-resistance are shifting the attention to alternative pest control technologies based on natural compounds [3–6]. Therefore, new eco-friendly agronomic techniques and the use of natural or natural-like molecules might represent a valid alternative strategy for pest control in the framework of sustainable agriculture [7–9]. The Special Issue “Secondary metabolites and eco-friendly techniques for agricultural weed/pest management” is timely and could offer interesting contributions to readers on the most recent aspects related to this pivotal topic. It includes 12 research papers (11 original articles and a scientific review) in which different aspects of pest management, from basic research to potential practical approaches, have been investigated through the latest and innovative technologies.
- Published
- 2021
20. Genetic variation of an Italian long shelf-life tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) collection by using SSR and morphological fruit traits
- Author
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Maria Carola Fiore, Michele Massimo Mammano, Antonio Lupini, Francesco Mercati, Fabrizio Araniti, Maria Rosa Abenavoli, Francesco Sunseri, Daniela Poma, Caterina Longo, Mercati, F, Longo, C, Poma, D, Araniti, F, Lupini, A, Mammano, MM, Fiore, MC, Abenavoli, MR, and Sunseri, F
- Subjects
Germplasm ,Plant Science ,Settore AGR/04 - Orticoltura E Floricoltura ,Lycopersicon ,Fruit traits ,Settore AGR/07 - Genetica Agraria ,Botany ,Genetic variation ,Genetics ,Genetic variability ,Genetic erosion ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Fruit traits, Genetic variability, Landraces, Microsatellites (SSR), Solanum lycopersicon L ,biology ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Solanum lycopersicon L ,biology.organism_classification ,Horticulture ,Landraces ,Genetic distance ,Microsatellite ,Solanum ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Microsatellites (SSR) - Abstract
The recovery of ancient germplasm in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) has become necessary to limit the wide genetic erosion caused by the employment of modern cultivars. Among germplasm collections, long shelf-life landraces could represent an important source of biodiversity. The present study provides a first set of molecular and phenotypic data on long shelf-life (so called "da serbo" in southern Italy) tomato collection, mainly originated from Sicily together with some landraces from Campania and Apulia. The analysis of fruit traits showed a low intra-varietal variation, while exhibiting a quite higher inter-varietal variability. Overall, the cultivars have been classified in six fruit shape classes of which flattened and slightly flattened included the 54.76 % of the collection. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed a large cluster in which almost all landraces from Sicily were included. The microsatellite (SSR) analysis confirmed a low intra-varietal variation, and the very low heterozygosity (H-o) revealed a high degree of homozygosity in these landraces. In accordance with limited morphological variability, the values of microsatellite polymorphism (PIC) showed a low genetic variability among these long shelf-life tomato cultivars. Cluster analysis based on 10 polymorphic SSR was not able to distinguish landraces for their different origin, while allowed to classify similar genotypes in four groups. Three groups showed a limited genetic distance while in a fourth largest and genetic variable cluster was included genotypes more selectable for traits of agronomic interest. Overall, the phenotypic and genetic variation allowed us to classify a collection of Sicilian long shelf-life tomato landraces.
- Published
- 2014
21. The application of genetics approaches to the study of exceptional longevity in humans: Potential and limitations
- Author
-
Fiorella Araniti, Francesco Villa, Anna Ferrario, Annibale Alessandro Puca, Alberto Malovini, Ferrario, A, Villa, F, Malovini, A, Araniti, F, and Puca, A
- Subjects
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,Genetics ,Food intake ,Candidate gene ,education.field_of_study ,Aging ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Longevity ,Immunology ,Genetic variants ,Review ,lcsh:Geriatrics ,Biology ,lcsh:RC952-954.6 ,Ageing ,Centenarians ,Trait ,Centenarian ,Relative probability ,lcsh:RC581-607 ,education ,media_common - Abstract
The average life-span of the population of industrialized countries has improved enormously over the last decades. Despite evidence pointing to the role of food intake in modulating life-span, exceptional longevity is still considered primarily an inheritable trait, as pointed out by the description of families with centenarian clusters and by the elevated relative probability of siblings of centenarians to become centenarians themselves. However, rather than being two separate concepts, the genetic origin of exceptional longevity and the more recently observed environment-driven increase in the average age of the population could possibly be explained by the same genetic variants and environmentally modulated mechanisms (caloric restriction, specific nutrients). In support of this hypothesis, polymorphisms selected for in the centenarian population as a consequence of demographic pressure have been found to modulate cellular signals controlled also by caloric restriction. Here, we give an overview of the recent findings in the field of the genetics of human exceptional longevity, of how some of the identified polymorphisms modulate signals also influenced by food intake and caloric restriction, of what in our view have been the limitations of the approaches used over the past years to study genetics (sib-pair-, candidate gene association-, and genome-wide association-studies), and briefly of the limitations and the potential of the new, high-throughput, next-generation sequencing techniques applied to exceptional longevity.
- Published
- 2012
22. The influence of environment on invasive Carpobrotus sp. populations across genetic clusters.
- Author
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González-Orenga S, López-González D, Araniti F, González L, and Sánchez-Moreiras AM
- Subjects
- Environment, Metabolome, Spain, Introduced Species
- Abstract
The study aims to explore the natural variation in the metabolome of different populations of the invasive plant Carpobrotus from different genetic clusters and geographical origins to enhance our comprehension of its involvement in the adaptation process and phenotypic diversity. The metabolomic profile of shoots was analysed in four populations from two different genetic clusters (Cluster A: Cádiz and A Lanzada; Cluster B: La Marina and Samil) and two different biogeographical regions in Spain (Atlantic: Samil and A Lanzada; Mediterranean: Cádiz and La Marina), collected in the field and subsequently grown in the greenhouse. In addition, climatic, and physiological parameters were analysed. The Mediterranean populations (Cádiz and La Marina) showed lower initial weight and length measurements in morphological parameters than the Atlantic populations. On the contrary, only root parameters showed significant differences in growth parameters among populations. The analysis of ion levels revealed a consistent pattern of higher concentrations in shoots compared to roots, with significant differences among populations, particularly in sodium (Na
+ ) and chlorides (Cl- ) levels. Regarding metabolomic analysis, clear correlations between the metabolome, genetic and climatic conditions of Carpobrotus sp.pl populations are described. Pairwise comparisons using t-tests and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicated that the differences in metabolomic profile between the Samil and La Marina populations, which correspond to the same genetic cluster (cluster B), were smaller than in the rest of the comparisons indicating that populations from the same genetic cluster were more similar metabolically than those from the same climatic region. The study identified key metabolites representative of each cluster, with significant differences in amino acids, organic acids, and sugars contributing to the variation among populations. Pathway analysis highlighted the impact of climatic conditions on metabolic pathways, particularly in populations from Cluster A. In conclusion, the different populations were more similar according to the genetic cluster than to the climatic region of origin when studied at the metabolomic level. Consequently, the metabolites more representative of each cluster were also identified., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Evaluating the effects of azelaic acid in the metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings through untargeted metabolomics and ionomics approaches.
- Author
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Álvarez-Rodríguez S, Senizza B, Araniti F, Lucini L, Lucchini G, and Sánchez-Moreiras AM
- Subjects
- Indoleacetic Acids metabolism, Plant Roots metabolism, Plant Roots drug effects, Plant Growth Regulators metabolism, Amino Acids metabolism, Metabolome drug effects, Malates metabolism, Stress, Physiological drug effects, Dicarboxylic Acids metabolism, Arabidopsis metabolism, Arabidopsis drug effects, Seedlings metabolism, Seedlings drug effects, Metabolomics methods
- Abstract
The present study demonstrates that low concentrations of azelaic acid (AZA) significantly impact the metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, leading to imbalances in numerous minerals and metabolites due to AZA-induced stress. Untargeted metabolomic analyses were conducted on untreated and AZA-treated seedlings at two time points: 7 and 14 days after treatment initiation. The results revealed a general accumulation of sugars (e.g., glucose, mannose, xylose), amino acids (e.g., lysine, GABA, threonine, glutamine), and organic acids (e.g., glutaric acid, shikimic acid, succinic acid) in AZA treated-seedlings, suggesting that AZA triggers stress responses in Arabidopsis. Ionomic analysis revealed that AZA induces phosphorus deficiency, which plants compensate by increasing malate content in the roots. Additionally, AZA treatment induced putrescine accumulation within the root, a metabolic biomarker of potassium deficiency and plant stress. The metabolomic profile showed elevated levels of different specialized metabolites, such as nitrogen- and sulphur-containing compounds, and altered levels of various phytohormones, including jasmonates and brassinosteroids, implicated in plant protection under biotic and/or abiotic stresses. These findings support the hypothesis that AZA's mode of action is associated with an auxin imbalance, suggesting its function as an auxinic herbicide. The observed increases in starch and jasmonates, coupled with the disruptions in potassium homeostasis, are linked to the previously reported alterations in the auxin transport, root architecture and gravitropic root response. Statistical analyses were applied, including Kruskal-Wallis tests for ionomic data, as well as multifactor analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis, and enrichment pathway analysis for metabolomic data, ensuring the robustness and validity of these findings., (© 2024 The Author(s). Physiologia Plantarum published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Unravelling the Epigenetic Code: DNA Methylation in Plants and Its Role in Stress Response.
- Author
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Talarico E, Zambelli A, Araniti F, Greco E, Chiappetta A, and Bruno L
- Abstract
Environmental stress significantly affects plant growth, development, and survival. Plants respond to stressors such as temperature fluctuations, water scarcity, nutrient deficiencies, and pathogen attacks through intricate molecular and physiological adaptations. Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial in regulating gene expression in response to environmental stress. This review explores the current understanding of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, and their roles in modulating gene expression patterns under environmental stress conditions. The dynamic nature of epigenetic modifications, their crosstalk with stress-responsive pathways, and their potential implications for plant adaptation and crop improvement are highlighted in the face of changing environmental conditions.
- Published
- 2024
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25. Development of pollinated and unpollinated ovules in Ginkgo biloba: unravelling the role of pollen in ovule tissue maturation.
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Muto A, Talarico E, D'Apice G, Di Marzo M, Moschin S, Nigris S, Babolin N, Greco E, Araniti F, Chiappetta A, Colombo L, Baldan B, and Bruno L
- Subjects
- Transcriptome, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Ovule growth & development, Ovule physiology, Ovule genetics, Pollination, Pollen genetics, Pollen growth & development, Pollen physiology, Ginkgo biloba genetics, Ginkgo biloba physiology, Ginkgo biloba growth & development
- Abstract
In gymnosperms such as Ginkgo biloba, the arrival of pollen plays a key role in ovule development, before fertilization occurs. Accordingly, G. biloba female plants geographically isolated from male plants abort all their ovules after the pollination drop emission, which is the event that allows the ovule to capture pollen grains. To decipher the mechanism induced by pollination required to avoid ovule senescence and then abortion, we compared the transcriptomes of pollinated and unpollinated ovules at three time points after the end of the emission of pollination drop. Transcriptomic and in situ expression analyses revealed that several key genes involved in programmed cell death such as senescence and apoptosis, DNA replication, and cell cycle regulation were differentially expressed in unpollinated ovules compared to pollinated ovules. We provide evidence that the pollen captured by the pollination drop affects auxin local accumulation and might cause deregulation of key genes required for the ovule's programmed cell death, activating both the cell cycle regulation and DNA replication genes., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2024
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26. Azelaic acid can efficiently compete for the auxin binding site TIR1, altering auxin polar transport, gravitropic response, and root growth and architecture in Arabidopsisthaliana roots.
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Álvarez-Rodríguez S, Araniti F, Teijeira M, Reigosa MJ, and Sánchez-Moreiras AM
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- Binding Sites, Biological Transport drug effects, Molecular Docking Simulation, Arabidopsis metabolism, Arabidopsis drug effects, Arabidopsis growth & development, Indoleacetic Acids metabolism, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism, Plant Roots metabolism, Plant Roots drug effects, Plant Roots growth & development, Gravitropism drug effects, Dicarboxylic Acids metabolism, F-Box Proteins metabolism, Receptors, Cell Surface metabolism
- Abstract
The present study investigates the phytotoxic potential of azelaic acid (AZA) on Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Effects on root morphology, anatomy, auxin content and transport, gravitropic response and molecular docking were analysed. AZA inhibited root growth, stimulated lateral and adventitious roots, and altered the root apical meristem by reducing meristem cell number, length and width. The treatment also slowed down the roots' gravitropic response, likely due to a reduction in statoliths, starch-rich organelles involved in gravity perception. In addition, auxin content, transport and distribution, together with PIN proteins' expression and localisation were altered after AZA treatment, inducing a reduction in auxin transport and its distribution into the meristematic zone. Computational simulations showed that AZA has a high affinity for the auxin receptor TIR1, competing with auxin for the binding site. The AZA binding with TIR1 could interfere with the normal functioning of the TIR1/AFB complex, disrupting the ubiquitin E3 ligase complex and leading to alterations in the response of the plant, which could perceive AZA as an exogenous auxin. Our results suggest that AZA mode of action could involve the modulation of auxin-related processes in Arabidopsis roots. Understanding such mechanisms could lead to find environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic herbicides., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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27. Urinary metabolite signatures reflect the altered host metabolism in severe obstructive sleep apnea.
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Mohit, Tomar MS, Araniti F, Sahai PK, Singh BP, Shrivastava A, and Chand P
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- Humans, Biomarkers urine, Metabolomics methods, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry methods, Comorbidity, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive diagnosis, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive epidemiology
- Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder. The onset and progression of OSA are often linked with severe cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities. At the same time, given the increasing prevalence of OSA, novel methods to screen OSA and its follow-up are needed. Untargeted metabolic profiling of OSA patients and healthy controls was planned to capture a snapshot of urinary metabolites and potential biomarkers using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method.Polysomnography (PSG) confirmed severe OSA patients with AHI index ≥ 30 were considered for urine sample collection. The sample size was constituted of OSA (n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 36). Metabolite extraction and derivatization were performed and metabolomic analysis was performed by using GC-MS.The obtained data set was statistically analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis. The Orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was performed to screen differential metabolites between OSA patients and healthy controls.The metabolomic analysis revealed a total of 142 significantly altered metabolites of interest.Biomarker analysis allows for the creation of a list of putative urinary biomarkers including GABA, malic acid, glutamic acid, epichoric acid etc., with an accuracy of 99.8 % to 100 % for OSA screening. Subsequently, pathway analysis revealed that related biochemical pathways like the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), glutamate/glutamine, amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, that are significantly interlinked with these metabolic biomarkers can play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of OSA. This study paves the way to undertake mass screening in a larger population to identify specific and reliable biomarkers., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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28. Trichoderma spp.-mediated mitigation of heat, drought, and their combination on the Arabidopsis thaliana holobiont: a metabolomics and metabarcoding approach.
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Senizza B, Araniti F, Lewin S, Wende S, Kolb S, and Lucini L
- Abstract
Introduction: The use of substances to increase productivity and resource use efficiency is now essential to face the challenge of feeding the rising global population with the less environmental impact on the ecosystems. Trichoderma -based products have been used as biopesticides, to inhibit pathogenic microorganisms, and as biostimulants for crop growth, nutrient uptake promotion, and resistance to abiotic stresses., Methods: In this work, plant metabolomics combined with roots and rhizosphere bacterial metabarcoding were exploited to inspect the performance of Trichoderma spp. biostimulants on Arabidopsis thaliana under drought, heat and their combination and its impact on plant holobiont., Results and Discussion: An overall modulation of N-containing compounds, phenylpropanoids, terpenes and hormones could be pointed out by metabolomics. Moreover, metabarcoding outlined an impact on alpha and beta-diversity with an abundance of Proteobacteria , Pseudomonadales , Burkholderiales , Enterobacteriales and Azospirillales . A holobiont approach was applied as an integrated analytical strategy to resolve the coordinated and complex dynamic interactions between the plant and its rhizosphere bacteria using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model host species., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Senizza, Araniti, Lewin, Wende, Kolb and Lucini.)
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- 2023
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29. Short-term exposition to acute cadmium toxicity induces the loss of root gravitropic stimuli perception through PIN2-mediated auxin redistribution in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.
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Araniti F, Talarico E, Madeo ML, Greco E, Minervino M, Álvarez-Rodríguez S, Muto A, Ferrari M, Chiappetta A, and Bruno L
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- Cadmium toxicity, Cadmium metabolism, Indoleacetic Acids metabolism, Plant Roots metabolism, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Perception, Arabidopsis metabolism, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), one of the most widespread and water-soluble polluting heavy metals, has been widely studied on plants, even if the mechanisms underlying its phytotoxicity remain elusive. Indeed, most experiments are performed using extensive exposure time to the toxicants, not observing the primary targets affected. The present work studied Cd effects on Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh's root apical meristem (RAM) exposed for short periods (24 h and 48 h) to acute phytotoxic concentrations (100 and 150 µM). The effects were studied through integrated morpho-histological, molecular, pharmacological and metabolomic analyses, highlighting that Cd inhibited primary root elongation by affecting the meristem zone via altering cell expansion. Moreover, Cd altered Auxin accumulation in RAM and affected PINs polar transporters, particularly PIN2. In addition, we observed that high Cd concentration induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in roots, which resulted in an altered organization of cortical microtubules and the starch and sucrose metabolism, altering the statolith formation and, consequently, the gravitropic root response. Our results demonstrated that short Cd exposition (24 h) affected cell expansion preferentially, altering auxin distribution and inducing ROS accumulation, which resulted in an alteration of gravitropic response and microtubules orientation pattern., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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30. Trans -cinnamaldehyde-related overproduction of benzoic acid and oxidative stress on Arabidopsis thaliana .
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López-González D, Ferradás Y, Araniti F, Graña E, Hermida-Ramón JM, González MV, Teijeira M, Rey M, Reigosa MJ, and Sánchez-Moreiras AM
- Abstract
Introduction: Trans -cinnamaldehyde is a specialised metabolite that naturally occurs in plants of the Lauraceae family. This study focused on the phytotoxic effects of this compound on the morphology and metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings., Material and Methods: To evaluate the phytotoxicity of trans -cinnamaldehyde, a dose-response curve was first performed for the root growth process in order to calculate the reference inhibitory concentrations IC50 and IC80 ( trans -cinnamaldehyde concentrations inducing a 50% and 80% inhibition, respectively). Subsequently, the structure and ultrastructure of the roots treated with the compound were analysed by light and electron microscopy. Based on these results, the following assays were carried out to in depth study the possible mode of action of the compound: antiauxinic PCIB reversion bioassay, determination of mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS detection, lipid peroxidation content, hormone quantification, in silico studies and gene expression of ALDH enzymes., Results: Trans -cinnamaldehyde IC50 and IC80 values were as low as 46 and 87 μM, reducing the root growth and inducing the occurrence of adventitious roots. At the ultrastructural level, the compound caused alterations to the mitochondria, which were confirmed by detection of the mitochondrial membrane potential. The morphology observed after the treatment (i.e., appearance of adventitious roots) suggested a possible hormonal mismatch at the auxin level, which was confirmed after PCIB bioassay and hormone quantification by GC-MS. The addition of the compound caused an increase in benzoic, salicylic and indoleacetic acid content, which was related to the increased gene expression of the aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes that can drive the conversion of trans -cinnamaldehyde to cinnamic acid. Also, an increase of ROS was also observed in treated roots. The enzyme-compound interaction was shown to be stable over time by docking and molecular dynamics assays., Discussion: The aldehyde dehydrogenases could drive the conversion of trans -cinnamaldehyde to cinnamic acid, increasing the levels of benzoic, salicylic and indoleacetic acids and causing the oxidative stress symptoms observed in the treated seedlings. This would result into growth and development inhibition of the trans -cinnamaldehyde-treated seedlings and ultimately in their programmed-cell-death., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 López-González, Ferradás, Araniti, Graña, Hermida-Ramón, González, Teijeira, Rey, Reigosa and Sánchez-Moreiras.)
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- 2023
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31. Distinct Metabolomic Profiling of Serum Samples from High-Fat-Diet-Induced Insulin-Resistant Mice.
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Tomar MS, Sharma A, Araniti F, Pateriya A, Shrivastava A, and Tamrakar AK
- Abstract
High-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity is associated with an elevated risk of insulin resistance (IR), which may precede the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated metabolic complications. Being a heterogeneous metabolic condition, it is pertinent to understand the metabolites and metabolic pathways that are altered during the development and progression of IR toward T2DM. Serum samples were collected from C57BL/6J mice fed with HFD or chow diet (CD) for 16 weeks. Collected samples were analyzed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Data on the identified raw metabolites were evaluated using a combination of univariate and multivariate statistical methods. Mice fed with HFD had glucose and insulin intolerance associated with impairment of insulin signaling in key metabolic tissues. From the GC-MS/MS analysis of serum samples, a total of 75 common annotated metabolites were identified between HFD- and CD-fed mice. In the t -test, 22 significantly altered metabolites were identified. Out of these, 16 metabolites were up-accumulated, whereas 6 metabolites were down-accumulated. Pathway analysis identified 4 significantly altered metabolic pathways. In particular, primary bile acid biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism were upregulated, whereas the TCA cycle and pentose and glucuronate interconversion were downregulated in HFD-fed mice in comparison to CD-fed mice. These results show the distinct metabolic profiles associated with the onset of IR that could provide promising metabolic biomarkers for diagnostic and clinical applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 American Chemical Society.)
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- 2023
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32. Application of Indole-Alkaloid Harmaline Induces Physical Damage to Photosystem II Antenna Complexes in Adult Plants of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.
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Álvarez-Rodríguez S, Alvite CM, Reigosa MJ, Sánchez-Moreiras AM, and Araniti F
- Abstract
Finding herbicides with new and multiple modes of action is a solution to stop the increase in resistant weed species. Harmaline, a natural alkaloid with proven phytotoxic potential, was tested on Arabidopsis adult plants by watering and spraying; watering resulted as the more effective treatment. Harmaline altered several photosynthetic parameters, reducing the efficiency of the light- (Φ
II ) and dark-adapted ( Fv / Fm ) PSII, suggesting physical damages in photosystem II, although dissipation of the energy in excess under the form of heat was not compromised as demonstrated by the significant increase in ΦNPQ . Metabolomic alterations, such as osmoprotectant accumulation and reduction in sugars' content, also indicate a reduction of photosynthetic efficiency and suggest early senescence and water status alteration induced by harmaline. Data suggest that harmaline might be considered a new phytotoxic molecule interesting for further studies.- Published
- 2023
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33. Similarities on the mode of action of the terpenoids citral and farnesene in Arabidopsis seedlings involve interactions with DNA binding proteins.
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López-González D, Graña E, Teijeira M, Verdeguer M, Reigosa MJ, Sánchez-Moreiras AM, and Araniti F
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- Terpenes pharmacology, Terpenes metabolism, Seedlings metabolism, DNA-Binding Proteins, Arabidopsis genetics, Sesquiterpenes metabolism
- Abstract
The sesquiterpene farnesene and the monoterpene citral are phytotoxic natural compounds characterized by a high similarity in macroscopic effects, suggesting an equal or similar mechanism of action when assayed at IC
50 concentration. In the present study, a short-time experiment (24 and 48 h) using an imaging spectrofluorometer allowed us to monitor the in-vivo effects of the two molecules, highlighting that both terpenoids were similarly affecting all PSII parameters, even when the effects of citral were quicker in appearing than those of farnesene. The multivariate, univariate, and pathway analyses, carried out on untargeted-metabolomic data, confirmed a clear separation of the plant metabolome in response to the two treatments, whereas similarity in the affected pathways was observed. The main metabolites affected were amino acids and polyamine, which significantly accumulated in response to both treatments. On the contrary, a reduction in sugar content (i.e. glucose and sucrose) was observed. Finally, the in-silico studies demonstrated a similar mechanism of action for both molecules by interacting with DNA binding proteins, although differences concerning the affinity with the proteins with which they could potentially interact were also highlighted. Despite the similarities in macroscopic effects of these two molecules, the metabolomic and in-silico data suggest that both terpenoids share a similar but not equal mechanism of action and that the similar effects observed on the photosynthetic machinery are more imputable to a side effect of molecules-induced oxidative stress., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
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34. In Vivo Antiphytoviral and Aphid Repellency Activity of Essential Oils and Hydrosols from Mentha suaveolens and Foeniculum vulgare to Control Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus and Its Vector Aphis gossypii .
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Taglienti A, Donati L, Dragone I, Ferretti L, Gentili A, Araniti F, Sapienza F, Astolfi R, Fiorentino S, Vecchiarelli V, Papalini C, Ragno R, and Bertin S
- Abstract
In recent years, natural compounds have gained attention in many fields due to their wide-range biological activity. In particular, essential oils and their associated hydrosols are being screened to control plant pests, exerting antiviral, antimycotic and antiparasitic actions. They are more quickly and cheaply produced and are generally considered safer for the environment and non-target organisms than conventional pesticides. In this study, we report the evaluation of the biological activity of two essential oils and their corresponding hydrosols obtained from Mentha suaveolens and Foeniculum vulgare in the control of zucchini yellow mosaic virus and its vector, Aphis gossypii , in Cucurbita pepo plants. The control of the virus was ascertained with treatments applied either concurrently with or after virus infection; choice tests were performed to verify repellency activity against the aphid vector. The results indicated that treatments could decrease virus titer as measured using real-time RT-PCR, while the experiments on the vector showed that the compounds effectively repelled aphids. The extracts were also chemically characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mentha suaveolens and Foeniculum vulgare hydrosol extracts mainly comprised fenchone and decanenitrile, respectively, while essential oils analysis returned a more complex composition, as expected.
- Published
- 2023
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35. Genetic Improvement of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz: Opportunities and Challenges.
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Ghidoli M, Ponzoni E, Araniti F, Miglio D, and Pilu R
- Abstract
In recent years, a renewed interest in novel crops has been developing due to the environmental issues associated with the sustainability of agricultural practices. In particular, a cover crop, Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz, belonging to the Brassicaceae family, is attracting the scientific community's interest for several desirable features. It is related to the model species Arabidopsis thaliana , and its oil extracted from the seeds can be used either for food and feed, or for industrial uses such as biofuel production. From an agronomic point of view, it can grow in marginal lands with little or no inputs, and is practically resistant to the most important pathogens of Brassicaceae . Although cultivated in the past, particularly in northern Europe and Italy, in the last century, it was abandoned. For this reason, little breeding work has been conducted to improve this plant, also because of the low genetic variability present in this hexaploid species. In this review, we summarize the main works on this crop, focused on genetic improvement with three main objectives: yield, seed oil content and quality, and reduction in glucosinolates content in the seed, which are the main anti-nutritional substances present in camelina. We also report the latest advances in utilising classical plant breeding, transgenic approaches, and CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing.
- Published
- 2023
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36. Short-Term Effects of Trans -Cinnamic Acid on the Metabolism of Zea mays L. Roots.
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López-González D, Bruno L, Díaz-Tielas C, Lupini A, Aci MM, Talarico E, Madeo ML, Muto A, Sánchez-Moreiras AM, and Araniti F
- Abstract
trans -Cinnamic acid is a phenolic compound widely studied in plant metabolism due to its importance in regulating different plant processes. Previous studies on maize plants showed that this compound could affect plant growth and causes metabolic changes in the leaves when applied. However, its effects on root metabolism are not well known. This study analyses the short-term effect of trans -cinnamic acid on the morphology of vascular bundle elements and metabolism in maize roots. At short times (between 6 and 12 h), there is a reduction in the content of many amino acids which may be associated with the altered nitrogen uptake observed in earlier work. In addition, the compound caused an alteration of the vascular bundles at 48 h and seemed to have changed the metabolism in roots to favor lignin and galactose synthesis. The results obtained complement those previously carried out on maize plants, demonstrating that in the short term trans -cinnamic acid can trigger stress-coping processes in the treated plants.
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- 2023
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37. Study of Seed Ageing in lpa1-1 Maize Mutant and Two Possible Approaches to Restore Seed Germination.
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Colombo F, Pagano A, Sangiorgio S, Macovei A, Balestrazzi A, Araniti F, and Pilu R
- Subjects
- Zea mays genetics, Seeds metabolism, Plant Breeding, Germination genetics, Phytic Acid metabolism
- Abstract
Phytic acid (PA) is a strong anti-nutritional factor with a key antioxidant role in countering reactive oxygen species. Despite the potential benefits of low phytic acid ( lpa ) mutants, the reduction of PA causes pleiotropic effects, e.g., reduced seed germination and viability loss related to seed ageing. The current study evaluated a historical series of naturally aged seeds and showed that lpa1-1 seeds aged faster as compared to wildtype. To mimic natural ageing, the present study set up accelerated ageing treatments at different temperatures. It was found that incubating the seeds at 57 °C for 24 h, the wildtype germinated at 82.4% and lpa1-1 at 40%. The current study also hypothesized two possible solutions to overcome these problems: (1) Classical breeding was used to constitute synthetic populations carrying the lpa1-1 mutation, with genes pushing anthocyanin accumulation in the embryo (R-navajo allele). The outcome showed that the presence of R-navajo in the lpa1-1 genotype was not able to improve the germinability (-20%), but this approach could be useful to improve the germinability in non-mutant genotypes (+17%). (2) In addition, hydropriming was tested on lpa1-1 and wildtype seeds, and germination was improved by 20% in lpa1-1 , suggesting a positive role of seed priming in restoring germination. Moreover, the data highlighted metabolic differences in the metabolome before and after hydropriming treatment, suggesting that the differences in germination could also be mediated by differences in the metabolic composition induced by the mutation.
- Published
- 2023
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38. Identification of metabolic fingerprints in severe obstructive sleep apnea using gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry.
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Mohit, Tomar MS, Araniti F, Pateriya A, Singh Kushwaha RA, Singh BP, Jurel SK, Singh RD, Shrivastava A, and Chand P
- Abstract
Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is considered a major sleep-related breathing problem with an increasing prevalence rate. Retrospective studies have revealed the risk of various comorbidities associated with increased severity of OSA. This study aims to identify novel metabolic biomarkers associated with severe OSA. Methods: In total, 50 cases of OSA patients (49.74 ± 11.87 years) and 30 controls (39.20 ± 3.29 years) were included in the study. According to the polysomnography reports and questionnaire-based assessment, only patients with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI >30 events/hour) exceeding the threshold representing severe OSA patients were considered for metabolite analysis. Plasma metabolites were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: A total of 92 metabolites were identified in the OSA group compared with the control group after metabolic profiling. Metabolites and their correlated metabolic pathways were significantly altered in OSA patients with respect to controls. The fold-change analysis revealed markers of chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular risk, and oxidative stress-like indoxyl sulfate, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and 5-aminolevulenic acid, respectively, which were significantly upregulated in OSA patients. Conclusion: Identifying these metabolic signatures paves the way to monitor comorbid disease progression due to OSA. Results of this study suggest that blood plasma-based biomarkers may have the potential for disease management., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Mohit, Tomar, Araniti, Pateriya, Singh Kushwaha, Singh, Jurel, Singh, Shrivastava and Chand.)
- Published
- 2022
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39. Metabolic changes induced by Cuscuta campestris Yunck in the host species Artemisia campestris subsp. variabilis (Ten.) Greuter as a strategy for successful parasitisation.
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Landi M, Misra BB, Nocito FF, Lucchini G, Bruno L, Malara A, Abenavoli MR, and Araniti F
- Subjects
- Ecosystem, Chlorophyll A metabolism, Photosynthesis, Cuscuta metabolism, Artemisia
- Abstract
Main Conclusions: C. campestris parasitisation increases internal host defences at the expense of environmentally directed ones in the host species A. campestris, thus limiting plant defence against progressive parasitisation. Cuscuta campestris Yunck is a holoparasitic species that parasitises wild species and crops. Among their hosts, Artemisia campestris subsp. variabilis (Ten.) Greuter is significantly affected in natural ecosystems. Limited information is available on the host recognition mechanism and there are no data on the interactions between these species and the effects on the primary and specialised metabolism in response to parasitisation. The research aims at evaluating the effect of host-parasite interactions, through a GC-MS untargeted metabolomic analysis, chlorophyll a fluorescence, ionomic and δ
13 C measurements, as well as volatile organic compound (VOC) fingerprint in A. campestris leaves collected in natural environment. C. campestris parasitisation altered plant water status, forcing stomatal opening, stimulating plant transpiration, and inducing physical damages to the host antenna complex, thus reducing the efficiency of its photosynthetic machinery. Untargeted-metabolomics analysis highlighted that the parasitisation significantly perturbed the amino acids and sugar metabolism, inducing an increase in the production of osmoprotectants, which generally accumulate in plants as a protective strategy against oxidative stress. Notably, VOCs analysis highlighted a reduction in sesquiterpenoids and an increase in monoterpenoids levels; involved in plant defence and host recognition, respectively. Moreover, C. campestris induced in the host a reduction in 3-hexenyl-acetate, a metabolite with known repellent activity against Cuscuta spp. We offer evidences that C. campestris parasitisation increases internal host defences via primary metabolites at the expense of more effective defensive compounds (secondary metabolites), thus limiting A. campestris defence against progressive parasitisation., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
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40. Ultrastructural and hormonal changes related to harmaline-induced treatment in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. root meristem.
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Álvarez-Rodríguez S, López-González D, Reigosa MJ, Araniti F, and Sánchez-Moreiras AM
- Subjects
- Harmaline metabolism, Indoleacetic Acids metabolism, Indoleacetic Acids pharmacology, Plant Roots metabolism, Arabidopsis metabolism, Meristem metabolism
- Abstract
Harmaline is an indole alkaloid with demonstrated phytotoxicity and recognized pharmacological applications. However, no information is available concerning its mode of action on plant metabolism. Therefore, the present work evaluated bioherbicide mode of action of harmaline on plant metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Harmaline induced a strong inhibitory activity on root growth of treated seedlings, reaching IC
50 and IC80 values of 14 and 29 μM, respectively. Treated roots were shorter and thicker than control and were characterized by a shorter root meristem size and an increase of root hairs production. Harmaline induced ultrastructural changes such as increment of cell wall thickness, higher density and condensation of mitochondria and vacuolization, appearance of cell wall deposits, increment of Golgi secretory activity and higher percentage of aberrant nuclei. The ethylene inhibitor AgNO3 reversed high root hair appearance and increment of root thickness, and pTCSn::GFP transgenic line showed fluorescence cytokinin signal in stele zone after harmaline treatment that was absent in control, whereas the auxin signal in the transgenic line DR5 was significantly reduced by the treatment. All these results suggest that the mode of action of harmaline could be involving auxin, ethylene and cytokinin synergic/antagonistic action., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2022
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41. Heavy metal induced regulation of plant biology: Recent insights.
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Sharma A, Kapoor D, Gautam S, Landi M, Kandhol N, Araniti F, Ramakrishnan M, Satish L, Singh VP, Sharma P, Bhardwaj R, Tripathi DK, and Zheng B
- Subjects
- Biology, Cytokinins metabolism, Plants metabolism, Metals, Heavy toxicity, Plant Growth Regulators metabolism
- Abstract
The presence of different forms of heavy metals in the earth crust is very primitive and probably associated with the origin of plant life. However, since the beginning of human civilisation, heavy metal use and its contamination to all living systems on earth have significantly increased due to human anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals are nonbiodegradable, which directly or indirectly impact photosynthesis, antioxidant system, mineral nutrition status, phytohormones and amino acid-derived molecules. Due to the toxic behaviour of some heavy metals, the endogenous status of chemical messengers like phytohormones may get significantly influenced, leading to harmful impacts on plant growth, development and overall yield of the plants. It has been noticed that exogenous application of phytohormones, that is, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, auxins, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene and gibberellins can positively regulate the heavy metal toxicity in plants through the regulation of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, nitrogen metabolism, proline metabolisms, transpiration rate, and cell division. Furthermore, it may also restrict the entry of heavy metals into the plant cells, which aids in the recovery of plant growth and productivity. Besides these, some defence molecules also assist the plant in dealing with heavy metal toxicity. Therefore, the present review aims to bridge the knowledge gap in this context and present outstanding discoveries related to plant life supportive processes during stressful conditions including phytohormones and heavy metal crosstalk along with suggestions for future research in this field., (© 2022 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.)
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- 2022
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42. The Delay of Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin Seed Germination Induced by Coumarin Is Mediated by a Lower Ability to Sustain the Energetic Metabolism.
- Author
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Araniti F, Prinsi B, and Espen L
- Abstract
In the present study, the mode of action of coumarin using the germination process as a target was investigated. A dose-response curve, built using a range of concentrations from 0 to 800 µM, allowed us to identify a key concentration (400 µM) inhibiting the germination process, reducing its speed without compromising seed development. Successively, short time-course (0-48 h) experiments were carried out to evaluate the biochemical and metabolic processes involved in coumarin-induced germination delay. The results pointed out that coumarin delayed K
+ , Ca2+ , and Mg2+ reabsorption, suggesting a late membrane reorganisation. Similarly, seed respiration was inhibited during the first 24 h but recovered after 48 h. Those results agreed with ATP levels, which followed the same trend. In addition, the untargeted metabolomic analysis allowed to identify, among the pathways significantly impacted by the treatment, amino acids metabolism, the TCA cycle, and the glyoxylate pathway. The results highlighted that coumarin was able to interact with membranes reorganisation, delaying them and reducing the production of ATP, as also supported by pathway analysis and cell respiration. The in vivo31 P-NMR analysis supported the hypothesis that the concentration chosen was able to affect plant metabolism, maintaining, on the other hand, its viability, which is extremely important for studying natural compounds' mode of action.- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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43. Uncovering Pathways Highly Correlated to NUE through a Combined Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Approach in Eggplant.
- Author
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Mauceri A, Aci MM, Toppino L, Panda S, Meir S, Mercati F, Araniti F, Lupini A, Panuccio MR, Rotino GL, Aharoni A, Abenavoli MR, and Sunseri F
- Abstract
Nitrogen (N) fertilization is one of the main inputs to increase crop yield and food production. However, crops utilize only 30-40% of N applied; the remainder is leached into the soil, causing environmental and health damage. In this scenario, the improvement of nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) will be an essential strategy for sustainable agriculture. Here, we compared two pairs of NUE-contrasting eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) genotypes, employing GC-MS and UPLC-qTOF-MS-based technologies to determine the differential profiles of primary and secondary metabolites in root and shoot tissues, under N starvation as well as at short- and long-term N-limiting resupply. Firstly, differences in the primary metabolism pathways of shoots related to alanine, aspartate and glutamate; starch, sucrose and glycine; serine and threonine; and in secondary metabolites biosynthesis were detected. An integrated analysis between differentially accumulated metabolites and expressed transcripts highlighted a key role of glycine accumulation and the related glyA transcript in the N-use-efficient genotypes to cope with N-limiting stress. Interestingly, a correlation between both sucrose synthase ( SUS )- and fructokinase ( scrK )-transcript abundances, as well as D-glucose and D-fructose accumulation, appeared useful to distinguish the N-use-efficient genotypes. Furthermore, increased levels of L-aspartate and L-asparagine in the N-use-efficient genotypes at short-term low-N exposure were detected. Granule-bound starch synthase ( WAXY ) and endoglucanase ( E3.2.1.4 ) downregulation at long-term N stress was observed. Therefore, genes and metabolites related to these pathways could be exploited to improve NUE in eggplant.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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44. Resveratrol exerts beneficial effects on the growth and metabolism of Lactuca sativa L.
- Author
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Santos Wagner AL, Araniti F, Ishii-Iwamoto EL, and Abenavoli MR
- Subjects
- Antioxidants metabolism, Photosynthesis, Resveratrol pharmacology, Lactuca metabolism, Seedlings metabolism
- Abstract
In order to assist sustainable agriculture, new strategies and methods are being used based on the utilization of new natural molecules. These natural compounds can be used as potential natural crop protectors and growth promoters, and the elucidation of their modes/mechanisms of action can represent a big step towards cleaner agriculture free of agrochemicals. In the present paper, the mechanisms underlying the effects of exogenous resveratrol (R), a natural phytoalexin found in plants, on Lactuca sativa metabolism were investigated through physiological and metabolomic approaches. The results highlighted that R stimulates the growth of lettuce. A reduction of the O
2 ⋅- production in R-treated seedlings and an increase in the photosynthesis efficiency was observed, indicated by a higher Fv/Fm. The metabolomic analysis of lettuce seedlings treated with R identified 116 metabolites related to galactose, amino acids, sugar and nucleotide sugar, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolisms. Increased content of some polyamines and several metabolites was also observed, which may have contributed to scavenging free radicals and activating antioxidant enzymes, thus reducing oxidative damage and improving PSII protection in R-treated seedlings., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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45. The role of pollination in controlling Ginkgo biloba ovule development.
- Author
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D'Apice G, Moschin S, Araniti F, Nigris S, Di Marzo M, Muto A, Banfi C, Bruno L, Colombo L, and Baldan B
- Subjects
- Ginkgo biloba, Pollen, Seeds, Ovule, Pollination
- Abstract
Generally, in gymnosperms, pollination and fertilization events are temporally separated and the developmental processes leading the switch from ovule integument into seed coat are still unknown. The single ovule integument of Ginkgo biloba acquires the typical characteristics of the seed coat long before the fertilization event. In this study, we investigated whether pollination triggers the transformation of the ovule integument into the seed coat. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses performed on ovules just prior and after pollination lead to the identification of changes occurring in Ginkgo ovules during this specific time. A morphological atlas describing the developmental stages of ovule development is presented. The metabolic pathways involved in the lignin biosynthesis and in the production of fatty acids are activated upon pollination, suggesting that the ovule integument starts its differentiation into a seed coat before the fertilization. Omics analyses allowed an accurate description of the main changes that occur in Ginkgo ovules during the pollination time frame, suggesting the crucial role of the pollen arrival on the progression of ovule development., (© 2021 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2021 New Phytologist Foundation.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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46. Morphogenic responses and biochemical alterations induced by the cover crop Urochloa ruziziensis and its component protodioscin in weed species.
- Author
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da Costa Menezes PVM, Silva AA, Mito MS, Mantovanelli GC, Stulp GF, Wagner AL, Constantin RP, Baldoqui DC, Silva RG, Oliveira do Carmo AA, de Souza LA, de Oliveira Junior RS, Araniti F, Abenavoli MR, and Ishii-Iwamoto EL
- Subjects
- Plant Weeds, Poaceae, Diosgenin analogs & derivatives, Diosgenin pharmacology, Saponins pharmacology
- Abstract
Urochloa ruziziensis, a cover plant used in no-till systems, can suppress weeds in the field through their chemical compounds, but the mode of action of these compounds is still unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a saponin-rich butanolic extract from U. ruziziensis straw (BfUr) and one of its components, protodioscin on an eudicot Ipomoea grandifolia and a monocot Digitaria insularis weed. The anatomy and the morphology of the root systems and several parameters related to energy metabolism and antioxidant defense systems were examined. The IC
50 values for the root growth inhibition by BfUr were 108 μg mL-1 in D. insularis and 230 μg mL-1 in I. grandifolia. The corresponding values for protodioscin were 34 μg mL-1 and 54 μg mL-1 . I. grandifolia exhibited higher ROS-induced peroxidative damage in its roots compared with D. insularis. In the roots of both weeds, the BfUr and protodioscin induced a reduction in the meristematic and elongation zones with a precocious appearance of lateral roots, particularly in I. grandifolia. The roots also exhibited features of advanced cell differentiation in the vascular cylinder. These alterations were similar to stress-induced morphogenic responses (SIMRs), which are plant adaptive strategies to survive in the presence of toxicants. At concentrations above their IC50 values, the BfUr or protodioscin strongly inhibited the development of both weeds. Such findings demonstrated that U. ruziziensis mulches may contribute to the use of natural and renewable weed control tools., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
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47. The Steroid Saponin Protodioscin Modulates Arabidopsis thaliana Root Morphology Altering Auxin Homeostasis, Transport and Distribution.
- Author
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Santos Wagner AL, Araniti F, Bruno L, Ishii-Iwamoto EL, and Abenavoli MR
- Abstract
To date, synthetic herbicides are the main tools used for weed control, with consequent damage to both the environment and human health. In this respect, searching for new natural molecules and understanding their mode of action could represent an alternative strategy or support to traditional management methods for sustainable agriculture. Protodioscin is a natural molecule belonging to the class of steroid saponins, mainly produced by monocotyledons. In the present paper, protodioscin's phytotoxic potential was assessed to identify its target and the potential mode of action in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana . The results highlighted that the root system was the main target of protodioscin, which caused a high inhibitory effect on the primary root length (ED
50 50 μM) with morphological alteration, accompanied by a significant increase in the lateral root number and root hair density. Through a pharmacological and microscopic approach, it was underlined that this saponin modified both auxin distribution and transport, causing an auxin accumulation in the region of root maturation and an alteration of proteins responsible for the auxin efflux (PIN2). In conclusion, the saponin protodioscin can modulate the root system of A. thaliana by interfering with the auxin transport (PAT).- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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48. Secondary Metabolites and Eco-Friendly Techniques for Agricultural Weed/Pest Management.
- Author
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Araniti F, Landi M, Laudicina VA, and Abenavoli MR
- Abstract
In agro-ecosystems, pests (insects, weeds, and other plant's parasites) compete with crops for edaphic resources, negatively affecting quality and crop yields [...].
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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49. Coumarin Interferes with Polar Auxin Transport Altering Microtubule Cortical Array Organization in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Root Apical Meristem.
- Author
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Bruno L, Talarico E, Cabeiras-Freijanes L, Madeo ML, Muto A, Minervino M, Lucini L, Miras-Moreno B, Sofo A, and Araniti F
- Subjects
- Arabidopsis metabolism, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant drug effects, Meristem metabolism, Microtubules metabolism, Plant Roots metabolism, Arabidopsis drug effects, Biological Transport drug effects, Coumarins pharmacology, Indoleacetic Acids metabolism, Meristem drug effects, Microtubules drug effects, Plant Roots drug effects
- Abstract
Coumarin is a phytotoxic natural compound able to affect plant growth and development. Previous studies have demonstrated that this molecule at low concentrations (100 µM) can reduce primary root growth and stimulate lateral root formation, suggesting an auxin-like activity. In the present study, we evaluated coumarin's effects (used at lateral root-stimulating concentrations) on the root apical meristem and polar auxin transport to identify its potential mode of action through a confocal microscopy approach. To achieve this goal, we used several Arabidopsis thaliana GFP transgenic lines (for polar auxin transport evaluation), immunolabeling techniques (for imaging cortical microtubules), and GC-MS analysis (for auxin quantification). The results highlighted that coumarin induced cyclin B accumulation, which altered the microtubule cortical array organization and, consequently, the root apical meristem architecture. Such alterations reduced the basipetal transport of auxin to the apical root apical meristem, inducing its accumulation in the maturation zone and stimulating lateral root formation.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The Assessment and the Within-Plant Variation of the Morpho-Physiological Traits and VOCs Profile in Endemic and Rare Salvia ceratophylloides Ard. (Lamiaceae).
- Author
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Vescio R, Abenavoli MR, Araniti F, Musarella CM, Sofo A, Laface VLA, Spampinato G, and Sorgonà A
- Abstract
Salvia ceratophylloides (Ard.) is an endemic and rare plant species recently rediscovered as very few individuals at two different Southern Italy sites. The study of within-plant variation is fundamental to understand the plant adaptation to the local conditions, especially in rare species, and consequently to preserve plant biodiversity. Here, we reported the variation of the morpho-ecophysiological and metabolic traits between the sessile and petiolate leaf of S. ceratophylloides plants at two different sites for understanding the adaptation strategies for surviving in these habitats. The S. ceratophylloides individuals exhibited different net photosynthetic rate, maximum quantum yield, light intensity for the saturation of the photosynthetic machinery, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf area, fractal dimension, and some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) between the different leaf types. This within-plant morpho-physiological and metabolic variation was dependent on the site. These results provide empirical evidence of sharply within-plant variation of the morpho-physiological traits and VOCs profiles in S. ceratophylloides , explaining the adaptation to the local conditions.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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