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InstroductionNicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) is an effective treatment for smoking cessation. However, medication usage and adherence remain a challenge that contributes to low smoking cessation rates. In Mexico, 8 in 10 smokers are interested in quitting. However, only 6% of Mexican smokers use medication for smoking cessation. The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a mobile health (mHealth) intervention to increase usage and adherence of NRT in Mexico.MethodsThe study involves a secondary data analysis. Forty smokers were recruited to participate in a single-arm pilot study. Participants received an mHealth intervention that uses tablet-based decision support software to drive a 12-week text messaging smoking cessation program and pharmacotherapy support. The intervention allows two-way interactivity text messaging between participants and a tobacco treatment specialist. NRT was offered to participants in accordance with practice guidelines in Mexico. Outcome measures included utilization of NRT, text messaging interactivity with the program, and biochemically verified abstinence at 12 weeks.ResultsThirty smokers met the criteria for use of NRT. Average age of participants was 38.1 years (SD=10.7), and they were primarily male (56.7%) with at least an undergraduate degree (60%). All participants requested NRT at baseline, and 60% requested a refill at week 4. During the 12-week intervention period, participants sent 620 messages to the program (mean=20.6, SD=18.34) of which 79 messages (12.7%) were related to NRT. Three themes were identified in the messages related to NRT: enthusiasm, instructions, and side effects. At 12 weeks, 40% of participants reported using NRT

Objective: Acculturation stress can negatively impact Latinos immigrant mental and physical health related behaviors such as smoking. It is essential to have validated and updated instruments that allow the evaluation of acculturation stress on this population. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of an abbreviated version of the Hispanic Stress Inventory Version 2 (HSI2) immigration scale among Latinos who smoke. Methods: The study consisted of a secondary data analysis from a baseline assessment of Decídetexto, a mobile health (mHealth) smoking cessation randomized clinical trial. Of 457 Latinos included in the parent study, 352 immigrants who smoke were included. Construct validity was analyzed by completing a Pearson correlation coefficient matrix. Structural validity was analyzed using an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Cronbach alpha analysis was used to estimate the internal consistency of the items constituting a factor. Results: The results included an abbreviated version of the HSI2 including 52 items. From the Pearson correlation coefficient matrix with a cutoff point of 0.4, 22 of the 52 items were excluded. From the Pearson correlation coefficient matrix with a cutoff point of 0.4, 22 items were excluded. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) results in six factors extracted, explaining 69.1% of the variance. According to the EFA, two items were relocated in different factors from the original scale. The HSI2 30 items scale reflected excellent reliability with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.93. The six factors reflect acceptable to excellent reliability, ranging from 0.77–0.93 across factors. The median for the HSI2 total score was 34.00 (25–45) out of a possible total score of 150. Conclusion: Results confirmed acceptable psychometric properties of the HSI2 simplified 30-item version and provided a reliable and shorter measure of acculturation stress for Latinos groups. Having a valid and reduced measure of acculturation stress is the first step in understanding diverse ethnic groups of Latinos that are at higher risk of presenting health risk behaviors such as smoking. The present results provided the possibility of assessing the impact of acculturation stress among adults who smoke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although women with intellectual disabilities have the same breast cancer incidence rate as women without intellectual disabilities, they have fewer mammograms and higher mortality rates. Qualitative inquiry was employed to explore barriers and facilitators to mammography among this population. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 30 women with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers in Philadelphia during 2015–2016. Thematic analysis was conducted using inductive and deductive coding. While results provide further evidence for prior research on barriers to mammography among women with intellectual disabilities (e.g. being unprepared, fear of the exam), this study generated novel barriers such as lack of breast ultrasound awareness, sedation failing to work, and lack of mammogram education in adult day programs, and novel facilitators such as extended family support and positive attitudes. Results support the need to address barriers and promote facilitators to improve the breast cancer screening experience among women with intellectual disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To systematically review published articles reporting the use of smoking cessation mobile health (mHealth) interventions in Latin America., Methods: Five different databases were searched from database inception to 2020. Criteria: (1) the research was a smoking cessation randomized controlled trial (RCT), quasi-experimental research, or single-arm study; (2) the intervention used at least one type of mHealth intervention; (3) the research was conducted in Latin American; and (4) the research reported the cessation rate., Results: Of the seven selected studies, four were conducted in Brazil, two in Mexico, and one in Peru. Only one study was an adequately powered RCT. Interventions relied on text messages ( n = 3), web-based tools ( n = 2), and telephone calls ( n = 3). Some studies ( n = 4) provided pharmacotherapy support. Smoking cessation outcomes included self-reported ( n = 5) and biochemically verified ( n = 2) abstinence. Follow-ups were conducted at Month 6 ( n = 2), Week 12 ( n = 4), and Day 30 ( n = 1). Cessation rates varied from 9.4% at Week 12 to 55.5% at Day 30., Conclusion: Despite the promising cessation rates of mHealth interventions in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru, there is a need to rigorously evaluate these interventions in different Latin American countries with RCTs that are long-term, adequately powered, and use biochemical verification of cessation.