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The aim of this study was to evaluate the age of immigrants' children at diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) according to their country of birth. Immigration from developing countries to a westernised area causes rapid changes in the environmental conditions, and we investigated whether the location of birth, either inside or outside Italy, is associated with age at diagnosis of diabetes. Out of a prevalent hospital-based cohort of 5718 T1DM children cared for in 2002 in 47 Italian Pediatric Diabetes Units, we recruited 195 children (M: 97) of immigrants from developing countries--119 were born in Italy and 76 outside the European Union. Children with only one immigrant parent (no. 42) were also included. Age at diagnosis of T1DM, and other variables were compared with those of Italian children. Children of immigrated families born in Italy developed T1DM at a median age of 4.0 yr (IQR 2.2-6.9), whereas those born in developing countries and that had immigrated to Italy after birth developed T1DM at a median age of 7.9 yr (IQR 5.1-10.7, p < 0.001). Among the children born in Italy, 77 had parents who were both immigrants and the children's median age at diagnosis was 3.8 yr (IQR 2.1-6.3); 42 had only one immigrant parent and, when it was the father (no. = 23), median age was even younger (2.9 yr, IQR 2.0-8.2). Ten children had immigrated in their first yr of life and their median age was 9.1 yr (IQR 5.0-10.6). The median age of the Italian children was 6.6 yr (IQR 3.6-9.5). Results show that the outbreak of T1DM is earlier in immigrants' children born in Italy than in original countries.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-20T13:36:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_12395_Versão Final.pdf: 1060968 bytes, checksum: f80fd9d4924ff36a1787bf1d947a75bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-28 O presente trabalho tem como objeto de investigação apresentar uma crítica ao âmbito propositivo do caráter naturalista do pensamento de Nietzsche referente ao naturalismo moral para em seguida mostrar como este aspecto propositivo do pensamento maduro do filósofo pode ser mais bem compreendido no âmbito de uma semiologia dos valores. Nesse sentido, reconstruímos as linhas mestras do itinerário naturalista, cuja finalidade precípua é a reversão do platonismo para depois passarmos à crítica das mais diversas abordagens do âmbito dessa linha exegética e seus respectivos tópicos, dentre os quais podemos destacar o problema do naturalismo substantivo, o naturalismo metodológico, a falácia naturalista, dentre outros. Ao final mostraremos como o programa de reversão da metafísica só pode ser levado a cabo com a inserção da própria noção de essência na temporalidade resultando numa filosofia dos signos, da qual reputamos como aspecto propositivo da filosofia nietzschiana a semiótica dos valores. Palavras-chave: moralidade, naturalismo, semiótica e valores