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3. Towards the identification of transmission pathways and early detection of Enterococcus cecoruminfection in broiler chickens

Author

Watson, K., Arais, L., Green, S., O'Kane, P., Kirchner, M., Demmers, T., Commins, C., Smith, R., Cordoni, G., Kyriazakis, I., Schock, A., and Anjum, M.F.

Abstract

Enterococcus cecorum(EC) infection is an emerging endemic disease in UK and global broiler poultry with major economic impact and welfare concerns. There are significant research gaps with regards to EC pathogenesis, source of infection, transmission routes and early detection of disease, which this study aimed to address. In this prospective study, 725 environmental samples were collected from 4 broiler farms (A–D) the day before chick placement (d 1) and through the subsequent crop (d 7, 14, and 21). Cecal swabs were collected from birds that died of natural causes during the study period. A sample of birds that had been found dead or were culled for health reasons, were presented for post-mortem and samples were taken from lesions for EC culture. DNA was extracted from all environmental samples and EC detected using a qPCR and MALDI-TOF. Two EC isolates from diseased birds were inoculated on concrete slabs and incubated at 23°C and 32°C followed by swabbing of concrete culturing and determination of EC cfu at defined time points. Alongside environmental and bird sampling commercially available, smart camera systems were installed in selected houses on each farm to monitor bird activity and distribution. No EC outbreak occurred during the study, however, it was detected by qPCR in 215/725 (29.7 %) of all samples collected. Also, EC DNA was detected on average in 37% of samples collected on d 1, with approx. 88% of samples from chick paper being positive. Despite this, it was only cultured from 3 ceca samples and joint fluids of two infected birds from farm B on d 14 and 21. The survival experiments using isolates from infected chickens showed EC can survive on concrete for at least 21 d. This study provides invaluable insights into transmission pathways and tenacity of EC. Further studies are needed to determine strain characteristics in relation to their ability to cause disease and to further elucidate the sources of infection on poultry farms.

Published
2024
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4. Virulence, resistance, and genetic relatedness of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. isolated from mule foals.

Author

Carneiro, V. C., Lessa, D. A. B., Guttmann, P. M., Magalhaes, H., Aquino, M. H. C., Cunha, L. E. R., Arais, L. R., and Cerqueira, A. M. F.

Abstract

Copyright of Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2017
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5. Resistance patterns, ESBL genes, and genetic relatedness of Escherichia coli from dogs and owners.

Author

Carvalho AC, Barbosa AV, Arais LR, Ribeiro PF, Carneiro VC, and Cerqueira AM

Subjects
Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Dogs, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Escherichia coli genetics, Feces microbiology, Humans, Molecular Typing, Pets, Phylogeny, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Escherichia coli drug effects, Escherichia coli enzymology, Escherichia coli Infections microbiology, Escherichia coli Infections veterinary, Genotype, beta-Lactamases genetics
Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from pet dogs can be considered a potential threat of infection for the human population. Our objective was to characterize the resistance pattern, extended spectrum beta-lactamase production and genetic relatedness of multiresistant E. coli strains isolated from dogs (n=134), their owners (n=134), and humans who claim to have no contact with dogs (n=44, control), searching for sharing of strains. The strains were assessed for their genetic relatedness by phylogenetic grouping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Multiresistant E. coli strains were isolated from 42 (31.3%) fecal samples from pairs of dogs and owners, totaling 84 isolates, and from 19 (43.1%) control group subjects. The strains showed high levels of resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole regardless of host species or group of origin. The blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV genes were detected in similar proportions in all groups. All isolates positive for bla genes were ESBL producers. The phylogenetic group A was the most prevalent, irrespective of the host species. None of the strains belonging to the B2 group contained bla genes. Similar resistance patterns were found for strains from dogs, owners and controls; furthermore, identical PFGE profiles were detected in four (9.5%) isolate pairs from dogs and owners, denoting the sharing of strains. Pet dogs were shown to be a potential household source of multiresistant E. coli strains., (Copyright © 2016 Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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