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6. Effect of Dried Rosemary, Vitamin E and Vitamin C on biochemical parameters in Heat Stressed Heifers Calves

Author

Sally Emad El-Din Osman, Adel El-Sayed Ahmed Mohamed, Mahmoud Mohamed Arafa Mohamed, and Rawia Mounir Ibrahim

Subjects
antioxidants, haptoglobin, mda & oxidative stress, Agriculture, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Heat stress (HS) is one of the most stressful factors affecting on animal health, production, and product quality. Ruminants are prone to heat stress due to their rapid metabolic rate rapid growth, high level of production, and species-specific traits such as rumen fermentation, sweating impairment, and skin insulation. HS can lead to oxidative stress that occur when the internal antioxidant mechanisms cannot neutralize an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The present study was established for discussing the effect of heat stress on some physiological and biochemical parameters in calves followed by treatment trials by adding Rosemary and vitamins in their ration. Currently, 90 female calves were used for this study. Animals were divided into 9 groups which exposed to 3 different levels of temperatures at (30-35o c, 36-40o c and 41-45o c) and 3 different types of nutritional supplement (NRC ration, NRC + Vit E& C and NRC + Rosemary). According to the findings, there was a significant increase in the respiratory rate, heart rate and the rectal temperature in heat stressed calves. Also, there was a significant increase in MDA, cortisol, haptoglobin, liver enzymes and renal function tests in blood of these calves. By contrast, the results showed a significant decrease in the level of antioxidants, glucose, and insulin in heat stressed calves when compared with the control. By Adding Rosemary, and Vitamin (E&C) in the ration of heat stressed calves, the result showed a significant improvement in the measured parameters of these heat stressed calves.

Published
2023
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7. Diagnosis of Hypomagnesaemia in Heifer calves and Experimental Treatment with Magnesium Oxide and Basil &Thyme

Author

Naglaa Farage Hassan, Mahmoud Mohamed Arafa Mohamed, Al-Sagher Omran Ali, and Adel El-Sayed Ahmed Mohamed

Subjects
ionized magnesium, ionized calcium, cpk, protein, parathyroid, Agriculture, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Hypomagnesaemia was reported as a common clinical problem in calves in Egypt. The present study was conducted to diagnose hypomagnesemia in calves and evaluate the treatment of diseased cases by using Mg oxide, Basil &Thyme as food additives. Currently, a total of 1000 female Holstein dairy calves imported from Europe to the farm of the Faculty of Agriculture- Sakha- Agriculture of Research Institute aged 7-9 months, out of these calves 450 have nervous manifestations suspected hypomagnesemia and confirmed by detection of serum magnesium. After symptomatic treatment of diseased cases, calves were separated and divided into 4 groups each one containing 50 calves; the apparently healthy group (control) fed on a balanced ration according to NRC, diseased calves fed on a ration with a high protein diet, treated calves fed on a balanced ration with the addition of Mg oxide 10gm/animal/day for 2 months and treated calves fed on balanced ration with the addition of Basil and Thyme 2% (2 kg/100 kg ration) for 2 months. According to the findings, there was a significant decrease in sodium, phosphorus, magnesium, ionized magnesium, calcium, ionized calcium, GSH, SOD, TAC, glucose, insulin, cortisol, and PTH levels while, there was an increase in potassium, liver, and kidney enzymes, CPK, T4, in diseased group comparing with the control one. Treating diseased animals with magnesium oxide or Basil and Thyme revealed improvement of minerals, antioxidants, glucose, insulin, cortisol, PTH levels, and a decrease in liver & kidney enzymes, T4, MDA, & CPK levels within normal range.

Published
2023
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11. Recent advances of green nanoparticles in energy and biological applications

Author

El-Esawy, Mai A., Elsharkawy, Safya, Youssif, Mahmoud M., Raafat Tartour, Ahmed, Ramadan Elsharkawy, Fatma, Ahmed Saad Badr, Somaia, Elghoraby, Abdelhady M., Elsayed Gad, Mohammed, Etman, Alaa E., Essam Mahmoud, Fadwa, Emam, Hager A., alzahraa A. Hasan, Fatima, Arafa, Mohamed M., Emad Mohamed, Abdelrahman, Elsteha, Sara R., and Zabinski, Piotr

Published
2024
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12. Effect of vitamin E, Selenium and Spirulina on oxidative stress and some biochemical parameters in growing calves

Author

Adel El-Sayed Ahmed Mohamed, Mahmoud Mohamed Arafa Mohamed, Fatma Ahmed Khalifa, and Doaa Farag Hassan

Subjects
haptoglobin, transportation, mda, tac, sod & cat., Agriculture, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Spirulina platensis is an efficient feed supplement used to improve animal health and growth. Transportation of calves over long distances leads to oxidative stress. The present study was conducted for the determination of biomarkers of transport stress on calves and the evaluation of Vitamin E (Vit E), Selenium (Se), and Spirulina platensis powder in the ration of calves on oxidative stress biomarkers, liver and kidney function tests, glucose, insulin, and haptoglobin levels. Currently, a total of 40 female calves imported from Brazil, aged about 8 months, were used for this study. The samples were collected once at the quarantine facility and then three times on the farm. According to the findings, there was a significant increase in ALT, AST, MDA, haptglobin, urea, and glucose, as well as a significant decrease in GSH, SOD, CAT, and TAC levels in the stressed group when compared to the control group; a significant decrease in ALT, AST, MDA, haptglobin, and glucose levels in the Spirulina platensis and Vit E and Se groups when compared to the control group There was a significant increment in insulin level in the Vit. E and Se group when compared to the control group.

Published
2023
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16. The linked nail/plate construct for the management of distal femur fractures in the elderly

Author

Saraglis Georgios, Khan Anwar, Sharma Amit, Pyakurel Sagar, Rabbani Sayed Fazal Elahi, and Arafa Mohamed Shawky Abdelhamid

Subjects
distal femur fractures, nail/plate fixation, double fixation, augmented fixation, Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract

Background: Distal femoral fractures represent a challenging injury, with many different factors such as the method of fixation, complexity of fracture pattern, and patient co-morbidities affecting the outcome. Lots of surgical treatment options have been described, but recently double construct fixation, using a nail/plate combination, has received lots of attention, a technique that leads to faster weight-bearing, low risk of metalwork failure, and non-union. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the linked nail/plate construct in the management of complex distal femur fractures and to investigate if the above technique leads to faster recovery and earlier radiographic union. Materials and methods: In total 15 cases were included in the study, that underwent a combined nail/plate construct for a distal femur fracture between January 2021 and December 2022. Only cases with a linked nail/plate construct were included, with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Open femur fractures, single implant fixation cases, and revision procedures were excluded. Results: In this cohort study, 11 cases were periprosthetic distal femur features, and 4 cases were distal femur fractures around a native knee joint. The mean age group was 74 years, 86.6% of the patients had a BMI > 25 and the mean time to fracture union was 24 weeks (range from 20 to 26 weeks). All cases healed uneventfully and the complication rate was 6.6%, including 1 case of superficial infection which resolved completely with oral antibiotics. Conclusion: The increasing age population, the complexity of distal femoral fractures along with the increasing physiological demands of the elderly population, drive the need for double fixation constructs that allow early mobilization and enhance fracture stability. In our study, the linked nail/plate construct seems to provide adequate stability and excellent union rates (100%) with no associated increased risk of complications.

Published
2024
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17. Could early infusion of fish-oil-based lipid emulsion affect the need for intensive care in moderately diseased COVID-19 patients? A randomized clinical trial

Author

Omar M. Soliman, Yara H. Abbas, Arafa Mohamed Ahmed Aboelhassan, and Eman Ahmed Ismail

Subjects
COVID-19, Enteral nutrition, Fish-oil-based lipid emulsion, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), Shift to ICU, SMOF lipid 20%, Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Abstract

Abstract Background Sixty moderate diseased COVID-19 patients were divided into two equal groups and were enrolled in a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Group C was delivered standard enteral nutrition plus 100 ml/day of 0.9% normal saline. Group L was delivered fish-oil-based lipid emulsion (FOBLE) supplementation to standard enteral nutrition at a dose of 100 ml/day. Both groups infused at a rate of 12.5 ml/h over 8 h for 5 days. We aimed to compare the effect of FOBLE versus placebo in COVID-19 disease to clarify the impact on the number of patients shifted to the ICU, oxygenation, inflammatory markers, and short-term outcomes (7 days). Results The failed conventional care and shift to ICU was significantly lower in group L in comparison to group C (six patients (20.0%) versus 14 patients (46.7%) shifted to ICU, P-value = 0.028). The inflammatory markers were determined and evaluated. Throughout the trial, there were no significant changes with the exception of the 7th day neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), when the ratio was lower in group L than in group C (6.10 (3.90–7.20) versus 9.65 (8.30–10.90), respectively, P-value 0.001). Conclusions In moderate diseased COVID-19 patients, early administration of parenteral FOBLE as an adjuvant to enteral feeding reduces shifts and so minimizes the burden on the ICU. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov PRS ( NCT04957940 ). Registered on 5 July 2021.

Published
2022
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19. Klinefelter Syndrome

Author

Martinez, Marlon P., Elbardisi, Haitham, Majzoub, Ahmad, Arafa, Mohamed, Arafa, Mohamed, editor, Elbardisi, Haitham, editor, Majzoub, Ahmad, editor, and Agarwal, Ashok, editor

Published
2020
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26. Global Practice Patterns in the Evaluation of Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: Results of a World-Wide Survey and Expert Recommendations.

Author

Shah, Rupin, Rambhatla, Amarnath, Atmoko, Widi, Martinez, Marlon, Ziouziou, Imad, Kothari, Priyank, Tadros, Nicholas, Vinh Phuoc, Nguyen Ho, Kavoussi, Parviz, Harraz, Ahmed, Salvio, Gianmaria, Gul, Murat, Hamoda, Taha, Toprak, Tuncay, Birowo, Ponco, Ko, Edmund, Arafa, Mohamed, Ghayda, Ramy Abou, Karthikeyan, Vilvapathy Senguttuvan, and Saleh, Ramadan

Subjects
AZOOSPERMIA, Y chromosome, FOLLICLE-stimulating hormone, LUTEINIZING hormone, SEMEN
Abstract

Purpose: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) represents the persistent absence of sperm in ejaculate without obstruction, stemming from diverse disease processes. This survey explores global practices in NOA diagnosis, comparing them with guidelines and offering expert recommendations. Materials and Methods: A 56-item questionnaire survey on NOA diagnosis and management was conducted globally from July to September 2022. This paper focuses on part 1, evaluating NOA diagnosis. Data from 367 participants across 49 countries were analyzed descriptively, with a Delphi process used for expert recommendations. Results: Of 336 eligible responses, most participants were experienced attending physicians (70.93%). To diagnose azoospermia definitively, 81.7% requested two semen samples. Commonly ordered hormone tests included serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (97.0%), total testosterone (92.9%), and luteinizing hormone (86.9%). Genetic testing was requested by 66.6%, with karyotype analysis (86.2%) and Y chromosome microdeletions (88.3%) prevalent. Diagnostic testicular biopsy, distinguishing obstructive azoospermia (OA) from NOA, was not performed by 45.1%, while 34.6% did it selectively. Differentiation relied on physical examination (76.1%), serum hormone profiles (69.6%), and semen tests (68.1%). Expectations of finding sperm surgically were higher in men with normal FSH, larger testes, and a history of sperm in ejaculate. Conclusions: This expert survey, encompassing 367 participants from 49 countries, unveils congruence with recommended guidelines in NOA diagnosis. However, noteworthy disparities in practices suggest a need for evidence-based, international consensus guidelines to standardize NOA evaluation, addressing existing gaps in professional recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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27. New Arene and/or Heteroarene‐Linked 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles: Synthesis of Potential Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Vancomycin‐Resistant Enterococcus Inhibitors.

Author

Mekky, Ahmed E. M., Abdelbaath, Rawan A., Abdelbaath, Rana A., Marie, Ahmed E., Arafa, Mohamed A., Halim, Eslam E., and Sanad, Sherif M. H.

Subjects
PHENYLACETATES, STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus, ENTEROCOCCUS faecalis, DRUG resistance in bacteria, ENTEROCOCCUS, ACYL chlorides, LINEZOLID
Abstract

Bacterial infections, particularly those associated with methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus (VRE), threaten public health and economies, with rising antibiotic resistance resulting in more deaths yearly. In this study, we investigated the bacterial inhibitory activity of some new 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles prepared, in good yields, using a two‐step tandem protocol. Therefore, the appropriate N‐benzoylhydrazones were prepared first, then, without isolation, underwent oxidative‐cyclization in the presence of chloramine trihydrate. More 4‐acyloxyphenyl‐linked 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles were prepared by the pyridine‐mediated acylation of 2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles with the appropriate acyl chlorides. Some new products demonstrated good activity, particularly against S. aureus and Enterococcus faecalis strains. The 4‐(5‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)phenyl acetate showed comparable antibacterial activity to ciprofloxacin, with MIC/MBC values up to 3.6/7.2 µM against the previous strains. Moreover, it demonstrated good inhibitory activity against different MRSA and VRE strains when compared to linezolid. It had MIC/MBC values of 7.2/14.4 and 14.4/57.8 µM against MRSA and VRE strains, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. Postmicturition dribble in men with no previous urogenital surgery: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of treatment modalities.

Author

Albakr, Ahmed, El Ansari, Walid, Mahdi, Mohammed, Megahed, Heba, Lock, Merilyn, Arafa, Mohamed, Hothi, Hanaa Al, and Ghafouri, Ardalan

Subjects
PELVIC floor disorders, KEGEL exercises, BEHAVIOR therapy, PHOSPHODIESTERASE inhibitors, PHOSPHODIESTERASE-5 inhibitors
Abstract

Introduction: Postmicturition dribble (PMD) is common in males. Little is known about PMD etiology, but it is either secondary to urethral/prostatic surgery or primary (no previous surgery). Despite PMD's high prevalence, the effectiveness of its treatment modalities remains lacking. Objective: To undertake a systematic review of the available treatments for primary PMD in adult males and meta‐analysis of their effectiveness. Materials and Methods: We searched four electronic databases from inception to 2023 for original articles that evaluated PMD treatments in male adults without previous urethral/prostatic surgery (PROSPERO protocol CRD42023444591). Study quality and risk of bias were evaluated using established tools. We extracted a range of variables including treatment modality used and its effectiveness on PMD volume and patient complaint. Meta‐analysis was undertaken where feasible, and where this was not feasible, narrative synthesis was conducted. Results: Out of 335 studies, four were included (four clinical trials, n = 344 patients). Two trials used physical/behavioral therapy (pelvic floor muscle exercises [PFMEs], urethral milking); the other two employed phosphodiesterase (PDE5) inhibitors (tadalafil, Udenafil). All studies were of good quality, but physical/behavioral therapy studies had some risk of bias. As the two physical/behavioral therapy studies used heterogenous outcome measures, narrative synthesis showed PMD volume improvement with PFMEs more than with urethral milking, both modalities were more effective than counseling, and in one study, PFMEs were effective in reducing PMD self‐reported complaint than counseling. Meta‐analyses of the two PDE5 inhibitors studies showed a large effect size with high heterogeneity for decreased PMD volume favoring PDE5 inhibitors over placebo (g = −0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.75; 0.02, p = 0.05; I2 = 88%); and a significant improvement equivalent to −1.06 points on the Hallym PMD Questionnaire score with no discernable heterogeneity (95% CI −1.65; −0.47, p = 0.0004; I2 = 0%), favoring PDE5 inhibitors compared to controls. Conclusions: Physical/behavioral therapy and PDE5 inhibitors are effective primary PMD treatments. PMD management studies in males with no previous urethral/prostatic surgery are very scarce and lack the use of consistent/comparable outcome measures. Further studies addressing these deficiencies would benefit this very thin evidence base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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29. Interposition Arthroplasty in an Acute Setting to Treat Unexpected Denuded Distal Humerus Articular Cartilage After AO 13C2.2 Distal Humerus Fracture, Surgical Technique, and a Case Report.

Author

Arafa, Mohamed and Khalifa, Ahmed A.

Abstract

Restoring elbow joint motion is paramount for upper extremity optimum function. In end-stage elbow disease and stiffness, total elbow arthroplasty is the recommended option for older patients; however, for younger, highly demanding patients, interposition arthroplasty (IPA) is the management option of choice. We report a case of an 16-year-old female patient who presented after she had an open-grade IIIA, type AO 13C2.2 distal humerus fracture, which was managed initially by debridement and a cross-elbow external fixation. The decision was made to manage the fracture by open reduction and internal fixation through a posterior approach, and after performing an olecranon osteotomy, the surgeon found that the distal humerus segment was denuded of articular cartilage, so a decision was made after consulting the patient's parents to perform an IPA using fascia lata. At the final follow-up after 16 months, the fracture united completely, and the elbow ROM was from 15° to 120°. Interposition arthroplasty is a valid option to manage unexpected denuded distal humerus articular cartilage while managing distal humerus fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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31. COVID-19 and male fertility: short- and long-term impacts of asymptomatic vs. symptomatic infection on male reproductive potential

Author

Majzoub, Ahmad, primary, Khalafalla, Kareim, additional, Arafa, Mohamed, additional, El Ansari, Walid, additional, Nair, Arun, additional, Al Bishawi, Ahmad, additional, Saleh, Mulham, additional, Khair Ella, Mohamed, additional, ElBardisi, Haitham, additional, Khattab, Muhammad Abu, additional, and AlRumaihi, Khalid, additional

Published
2024
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33. Recent advances in waste-recycled nanomaterials for biomedical applications: Waste-to-wealth

Author

Abd Elkodous Mohamed, El-Husseiny Hussein M., El-Sayyad Gharieb S., Hashem Amr Hosny, Doghish Ahmed S., Elfadil Dounia, Radwan Yasmine, El-Zeiny Hayam M., Bedair Heba, Ikhdair Osama A., Hashim Hisham, Salama Ahmed M., Alshater Heba, Ahmed Ahmed Ali, Elsayed Mahmoud Gamal, Nagy Maria, Ali Nouran Y., Elahmady Maryam, Kamel Ahmed M., Elkodous Mahmoud Abd, Maallem Imene, Kaml Maria B. Sh., Nasser Nayera, Nouh Ahmed AlaaEldin, Safwat Fatma M., Alshal Mai M., Ahmed Salma K., Nagib Taha, El-sayed Fatma M., Almahdi Manal, Adla Yahia, ElNashar Noha T., Hussien Aya Misbah, Salih Alaa S., Mahmoud Somaya Abdulbaset, Magdy Shireen, Ahmed Diana I., Hassan Fayrouz Mohamed Saeed, Edward Nermin A., Milad Kirolos Said, Halasa Shereen R., Arafa Mohamed M., Hegazy Abdullah, Kawamura Go, Tan Wai Kian, and Matsuda Atsunori

Subjects
recycled nanomaterials, biomedical applications, antimicrobial activity, anticancer agents, biomass wastes, Technology, Chemical technology, TP1-1185, Physical and theoretical chemistry, QD450-801
Published
2021
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35. Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Author

Wright, Naomi Jane, Leather, Andrew J.M., Ade-Ajayi, Niyi, Sevdalis, Nick, Davies, Justine, Poenaru, Dan, Ameh, Emmanuel, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji, Lakhoo, Kokila, Smith, Emily Rose, Douiri, Abdel, Elstad, Maria, Sim, Marcus, Riboni, Cristiana, Martinez-Leo, Bruno, Akhbari, Melika, Tabiri, Stephen, Mitul, Ashrarur, Aziz, Dayang Anita Abdul, Fachin, Camila, Niyukuri, Alliance, Arshad, Muhammad, Ibrahim, Fowzia, Moitt, Natalie, Doheim, Mohamed Fahmy, Thompson, Hannah, Ubhi, Harmony, Williams, Isabelle, Hashim, Sophia, Philipo, Godfrey Sama, Herrera, Laura, Yunus, Aayenah, Vervoort, Dominique, Parker, Samuel, Benaskeur, Yousra-Imane, Alser, Osaid H., Adofo-Ansong, Nana, Alhamid, Ahmad, Salem, Hosni khairy, Saleh, Mahmoud, Elrais, Safa Abdal, Abukhalaf, Sadi, Shinondo, Patricia, Nour, Ibrahim, Aydin, Emrah, Vaitkiene, Agota, Naranjo, Kelly, Dube, Andile Maqhawe, Ngwenya, Sodumisa, Yacoub, Mina A., Kwasau, Henang, Hyman, Gabriella, Elghazaly, Shrouk Mahmoud, Al-Slaibi, Ibrahim, Hisham, Intisar, Franco, Helena, Arbab, Hana, Samad, Lubna, Soomro, Aqil, Chaudhry, Muhammad Amjad, Karim, Safina, Khattak, Muhammad Adnan Khan, Nah, Shireen Anne, Dimatatac, Doris Mae, Choo, Candy SC, Maistry, Niveshni, Mitul, Ashrarur Rahman, Hasan, Samiul, Karim, Sabbir, Yousuf, Hina, Qureshi, Taimur, Nour, Ibrahim Rabi, Al-Taher, Raed Nael, Sarhan, Osama Abdul Kareem, Garcia-Aparicio, Luis, Prat, Jordi, Blazquez-Gomez, Eva, Tarrado, Xavier, Iriondo, Martí, Bragagnini, Paolo, Rite, Segundo, Hagander, Lars, Svensson, Emma, Owusu, Sheila, Abdul-Mumin, Alhassan, Bagbio, Dominic, Ismavel, Vijay Anand, Miriam, Ann, T, Shajin, Anaya Dominguez, Marlene, Ivanov, Monica, Serban, Andreea Madalina, Derbew, Miliard, Elfiky, Mahmoud, Olivos Perez, Maricarmen, Abrunhosa Matias, Marcia, Arnaud, Alexis P, Negida, Ahmed, King, Sebastian, Fazli, Mohamad Rafi, Hamidi, Nadia, Touabti, Souhem, Chipalavela, Rossana Francisco, Lobos, Pablo, Jones, Brendan, Ljuhar, Damir, Singer, Georg, Cordonnier, Annelien, Jáuregui, Lorena, Zvizdic, Zlatan, Wong, Janice, St-Louis, Etienne, Shu, Qiang, Lui, Yang, Correa, Catalina, Pos, Lucie, Alcántara, Elvyn, Féliz, Erick, Zea-Salazar, Luis Enrique, Ali, Liza, Peycelon, Matthieu, Anatole, Nzanzu Kipata, Jallow, Cherno S., Lindert, Judith, Ghosh, Dhruv, Adhiwidjaja, Cathline Freya, Tabari, Ahmad Khaleghnejad, Lotfollahzadeh, Saran, Mussein, Haidar Mohammad, Vatta, Fabrizio, Pasqua, Noemi, Kihiko, David, Gohil, Hetal, Nour, Ibrahim R., Elhadi, Muhammed, Almada, Suad Ahmed, Verkauskas, Gilvydas, Risteski, Toni, Peñarrieta Daher, Alejandro, Outani, Oumaima, Hamill, James, Lawal, Taiwo, Mulu, Jack, Yapo, Benjamin, Saldaña, Lily, Espineda, Beda, Toczewski, Krystian, Tuyishime, Eugene, Ndayishimiye, Isaac, Raboe, Enaam, Hammond, Philip, Walker, Gregor, Djordjevic, Ivona, Chitnis, Milind, Son, Joonhyuk, Lee, Sanghoon, Hussien, Muaad, Malik, Sawazen, Ismail, Enas Musa, Boonthai, Ampaipan, Dahman, Nesrine Ben Hadj, Hall, Nigel, Castedo Camacho, Fabiola Ruth, Sobrero, Helena, Butler, Marilyn, Makhmud, Aliev, Novotny, Nathan, Hammouri, Ahmad G., Al-Rayyes, Maisara, Bvulani, Bruce, Muraveji, Qais, Murzaie, Muhammad Yousuf, Sherzad, Ajmal, Haidari, Sayed Aman, Monawar, Abdul Baqi, Samadi, Dr. Ahmad Zia, Thiessen, Jesh, Venant, Ntakarutimana, Hospital, Sonia Inamuco, Jérémie, Niyonkuru, Mbonicura, Jean Claude, Vianney, Butoyi Jean Marie, Tadesse, Amezene, Negash, Samuel, Roberts, Charles A., Jabang, John N., Bah, Abdoulie, Camamra, Kajali, Correa, Armandou, Sowe, Babucarr, Gai, A., Jaiteh, Musa, Raymond, Kwizera Jean, Mvukiyehe, Jean Paul, Itangishaka, Innocent, Kayibanda, Emmanuel, Manirambona, Emery, Lule, Joseph, Costas-Chavarri, Ainhoa, Shyaka Gashugi, Ian, Ndata, Albert, Gasana, Georges, Nezerwa, Yves Castar, Simeon, Turatsinze, Muragijimana, Jean De Dieu, Rashid, Sakina, Msuya, David, Elisante, Joseph, Solanki, Meghna, Manjira, Emmanuel, Lodhia, Jay, Jusabani, Mubashir, Tarmohamed, Murad, Koipapi, Sengua, Souhem, Touabti, Sara, Nabti, Sihem, Brahimi, Dania, Bouguermouh, Toufik, Iaiche Achour, Mounira, Baghdadi Nour el islam, Habiba, Alouani, Aragão, Liliana, Gonçalves, Victor, Lino Urquizo, Marcelo Mauricio, Varela, Maria Florencia, Mercado, Pedro, Horacio, Bonavia, Damiani, Andrea, Mac, Carlos, Putruele, Daniel, Liljesthrom, Karen, Bernaus, Marianela, Jauri, Cesar, Cripovich, Alejandrina, Bianchin, Ezequiel, Puig, Maria Gabriela, Andreussi, Lorna, Iracelay, Susana, Marcos, Dolores, Herrera, Carina, Palacios, Nelly, Avile, Romina, Serezo, Belen, Montoya, Debora, Cepeda, Rodrigo, Vaquila, Justo, Veronica, Sofficci, Pardo, Liliana, Valeria, Pelussi, Julio, Lapalma, Martin, Aranda Diego, Lucio, Palazzi, Gabriel, Comba, Marianella, Depetrini, Calderón Arancibia, José Alfredo, Huespe, Enrique, Losa, Gabriela Natalia, Arancibia Gutiérrez, Elsa, Scherl, Humberto, Gonzalez, Daniel Emilio, Baistrocchi, Valentina, Silva, Yanina, Galdeano, Marcelo, Medard, Pablo, Sueiras, Ines, Romero Manteola, Enrique, Defago, Victor Hugo, Mieres, Carlos, Alberto, Carlos, Cornelli, Fabio, Molina, Marcelo, Ravetta, Pablo, Patiño Gonzalez, Celeste Carolina, Dallegre, Maria Belen, Szklarz, Maria Tatiana, Leyba, Marcos Federico, Rivarola, Nahuel Ignacio, Charras, Maria Delia, Morales, Adriana, Caseb, Paloma, Toselli, Luzia, Millán, Carolina, Junes, Maria del Carmen, Di Siervi, Oscar, Gilardi, Jose, Simon, Soledad, Contreras, Carla Sofia, Rojas, Nair, Arnoletto, Lucia Beatriz, Blain, Otilia Eva, Bravo, Mauro Nicolas, Sanchez, Nancy, Herrera Pesara, Luciana Martina, Moreno, Maria Eugenia, Sferco, Carlos Ariel, Huq, Umama, Ferdousi, Tamanna, Al-Mamun, Abdullah, Sultana, Sadia, Mahmud, Refoyez, Mahmud, Khalid, Sayeed, Fatema, Svirsky, Alexander, Sempertegui, Denisse, Negrete, Amalia, Teran, Araceli, Sadagurschi, Mariana, Popovic, Nusret, Karavdic, Kenan, Milisic, Emir, Jonuzi, Asmir, Mesic, Amira, Terzic, Sabina, Dendusic, Nejra, Biber, Elna, Sehic, Anesa, Zvizdic, Nada, Letic, Emina, Saracevic, Adna, Hamidovic, Ajla, Selak, Nejra, Horozic, Dzan, Hukic, Lamija, Muhic, Amila, Vanis, Nedim, Sokolovic, Emir, Sabic, Adnan, Becker, Karin, Novochadlo Klüppel, Elis, dos Santos Dias, André Iván Bradley, Agulham, Miguel Angelo, Bischoff, Cristiano, Sabbatini, Stella, Fernandes de Souza, Rachel, Souza Machado, Ana Beatriz, Werneck Raposo, Juliana, da Silva Augusto, Maria Lucia, Martins, Bianca M.R., de Souza Santos Ferreira, Mariana, Fernandes de Oliveira, Darli, Silva dos Santos, Carla, Ribeiro de Fernández y Alcázar, Fernanda, Alves Dutra da Silva, Érika, Furtado, Mariana, Tamada, Horácio, Silva Ferreira dos Santos, Marília, Lopes de Almeida, Thayná, Oliveira de Andrade, Susy, Gurgel do Amaral, Antonio Cipriano, Jr, Sartori Giovanoni, Lais, de Deus Passos Leles, Kamila, Corrêa Costa, Eduardo, Feldens, Leticia, Ferraz Schopf, Luciano, Soares de Fraga, José Carlos, Colombo de Holanda, Felipe, Brolin Santis Isolan, Paola Maria, Loyola Ferreira, Julia, Bruxel, Carla Luisa, Lopes Teixeira Ferdinando, Danielle, Zottis Barcelos, Fabricio, Baseggio, Natalia, Knorr Brenner, Nicole, Trindade Deyl, Rafael, Dure, Carolina, Nunes Kist, Iuri, Bueno Mazzuca, Rafael, Bueno Motter, Sarah, Ramos, Yna, Suzana Trein, Cristine, Rezende Rosa, Bianca, de Assis Silva, Murilo, Menin, Flavio Augusto, Semensato Carloni, Isabela Cristina, Norberto da Silva, Juliana Antinarelli, Gomes, Adriano Luis, Girão Tauffer, Mariana, Bassan Gonçalves, Paulo César, Nogueira Marques, Geraldo Magela, Moriya, Eliane, Labonia, Carla, Carrasco, Ana Lucia, Furtado Meyer, Karine, Farion-Aguiar, Luiz, Amado, Fernando, Antunes, Amanda, Silva, Elisângela, Telles, Leila, Almeida, Giovana, Belmino Gadelha, Aluísio Augusto, de Azevedo Belesa, Flavia, Gonçalves da Cunha, Jr, Acimar, Souza Barros, Beatriz, Zanellato, Josiane Bernartt, Guimarães, Patricia, Silva, Karina Ilheu da, Ribas, Bianca, Reuter, Cristina, Casado, Francis Tanise, Correa Leite, Mila Torii, Testoni, Daniela, Guinsburg, Ruth, de Campos Vieira Abib, Simone, Khodor Cury, Edson, Dornellas do Nascimento, Suely, Almeida Aguiar, Arthur, Melo Gallindo, Rodrigo, Gonçalves Borges, Carolina, Liu, Yang, Duote, Cai, Wang, Jinhu, Gao, Zhigang, Liang, Liang, Luo, Wenjuan, Zhao, Xiaoxia, Chen, Rui, Wang, Peng, Han, Yijiang, Huang, Ting, Donglai, Hu, Xiaodong, Guo, Junjie, Chen, Zhu, Libin, Wu, Guowei, Bao, Xiaozhou, Li, Haijing, Lv, Junying, Li, Zhongrong, Yong, Feng, Gao, Zhou Chong, Bai, Qiang, Tang, Weibing, Xie, Hua, Motee, Jethishka, Zhu, Jianming, Wen, Gang, Ruan, Weiwei, Li, Shungen, Chen, Lulu, Huang, Shungen, Lv, Zhibao, Lu, Jinjing, Huang, Liuming, Yu, Mengnan, Dajia, Wang, Bai, Yu Zuo, Rincon, Luis Carlos, Mancera, Juliana, Alzate Gallego, Edgar, Torres-Canchala, Laura, Silva Beltrán, Nathalia, Osorio Fory, Ghordana, Castaño Avila, Daniela, Forero Ladino, Angelica Maria, Gomez, Juanita, Jaramillo, Martha, Morales, Otto, Sanchez, Beatriz, Tinoco Guzmán, Nestor Julien, Castañeda Espinosa, Sergio, Prieto Vargas, Osbaldo, Pardo, Lina Maria, Toral, Eliana, Cáceres Aucatoma, Freud, Hinostroza, Daniel, Valencia, Santiago, Salinas, Vicente, Landivar Cino, Enrique, Ponce Fajardo, Gabriela Yulissa, Astudillo, Miguel, Garcia, Virginia, Muñoz, Guillermo, Verduga, Leonardo, Verduga, Ivan, Murillo, Ericka, Bucaram, Elena, Guayelema, Marisol, Marmol, Monica, Sanchez, Janina, Vergara, Carolina, Mena, Adriana, Velaña, Junior, Salazar, Karla, Lara, Sandra, Chiriboga, Elena, Silva, Julian, Gad, Dalia, Samy, Doaa, Elsadek, Menan Ahmed, Mohammed, Hanan Mahmoud, Abouheba, Mohamed, Ali, Karim Osamy, Rashwan, Hayssam, Fawzy, Omar Moustafa, Kamel, Tarek mohamed, Nemer, Rawan, Hassan, Mohamed Abada, Falah, Eyad Hassan, Abdelhady, Dina Sobhy, Zain, Mostafa, Ibrahim, Eman Abouzeid Abouzeid, Elsiraffy, Omar Ossama, Aboelela, Ahmed, Farag, Eman mohamed, Oshiba, Ahmed Mohamed, Emam, Omar Sameh, Attia, Alaa Mobarak, Laymouna, Moustafa A., Ghorab, Islam Abdelmonem, Mohammed, Mansour Mkayed, Soliman, Nourhan Akram, Ghaly, Khaled Abd elrahman, Sadek, Kareem, Elsherbiny, Mohamed, Saleh, Amr, Sheir, Hesham, Wafa, Tamer, Elmenam, Mohamed Abd, Abdelmaksoud, Sherif, Reda, Ahmed, Mansour, Islam, Elzohiri, Mohamed, Waseem, Basma, Elewaily, Mohamed, El-Ghazaly, Mohammed, Elhattab, Ahmad, Shalaby, Amr, Elsaied, Adham, Adawy, Ahmad, Sadek, Mirna, Ahmed, Mahmoud Abdelfattah, Herdan, Mohamed Omar, Elassall, Gena Mohamed Hamed, Mohammed, Azhar Arabi, Takrouney, Mohammed Hamada, Essa, Tarek Mohamed, Mahmoud, Ahmed Mokhtar, Saad, Alshaimaa M., Fouly, Mariam Albatoul Nageh, Ibrahim, Mahmoud abdelshakour, Nageh, Mohammad, Saad, Mahmoud M., Badr, Helmy, Fouda, Mohamed Fayez, Nofal, Ahmed Hassan, Almohamady, Hisham, Arafa, Mohamed Ahmed, Amad, Mohamed, Mansour, Mohamed Awad, O'Connor, Jennifer, O'Connor, Zachary, Anatole, Nzanzu, Nkunzimana, Elysé, Machemedze, Solomon, Dieudonné, Lemfuka, Appeadu-Mensah, William, Anyomih, Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Alhassan, Priscilla, Abantanga, Francis A., Michael, Vishal, Mary Koshy, Roshine, Raj, Ankit, Kumar, Vijay, PT, Sundeep, Prabhu, P Santosh, Vosoughi, Armin, Al-Mayoof, Ali Farooq, Fadhle, Muhamed Jassim, Joda, Ali Egab, Algabri, Hayder Nadhim Obaid, Abdelhamid, Sultan S., Al-Momani, Hashem M., Amarin, Marzouq, Zaghlol, Louay Y., Alsaadi, Nijmeh Nasser, Qwaider, Yasmeen Z., Qutishat, Hibah, Aliwisat, Ahmad Hasan, Arabiat, Esraa, Bsisu, Isam, Murshidi, Raghad M., Jabaiti, Mohammad S., Bataineh, Ziad A., Abuhayyeh, Husam Aldean, Quran, Thekraiat M. Al, Za'nouneh, Faris J. Abu, Alebbini, Mohanad Mutasem, Qudah, Hamzah Abullah, Hussein, Omar Ghazi, Murad, Amir M.I., Amarin, Justin Z., Suradi, Haya H., Alzraikat, Sayel H., Omari, Rand Y., Matour, Bashar M., Al-Halbouni, Layana, Zurikat, Rajai O., Yanis, Ahmad H., Hussein, Sara Al, Shoubaki, Ali, Ghanem, Waleed H., David, Kuria, Chitiavi, Soita Wycliffe, Mose, Moraa, Mugo, Robert, Ndungu, James, Mwai, Timothy, Shahbal, Swaleh, Malik, Janan, Chauhan, Nirav, Syovata, Francisa, Ochieng, Kevin, Omendo Liyenzero, Polycarp, Hussain, Syeda Ra'ana, Mugambi, Stanley, Ochieng, Roseline, Elkhazmi, Ebtesam Othman Abdulsalam, Khaled, Ala, Albozidi, Aya, Enbaya, Manal Ben, Elgammudi, Mala, Soula, Enas, Khalel, Wegden ibrahim almabrouk, Elhajjaji, Yasmine Ali, Alwaggaa, Nouriyah Ali, Ghayth, Sumayyah, Zreeg, Dafer abdulhakim .S., Tantush, Sara Abobaker, Bibas, Fatma, Layas, Tesneem, Sharif, Randa Alamen M, Aljadidi, Wesal Omar F. Saied, Tarek, Ahmed, Ahmed, Hazem, Essamilghi, Kamila Almabrouk Mohammed, Alfoghi, Mabroka, Abuhlega, Ma'aly A., Arrmali, Saddam, Abduljawad, Fatima Mousa, Alosta, Hasan Mustafa, Abuajaila, Abdulsalam, Abdelmutalib, Fakereldeen, Bashir, Fatma, Almengar, Inas, Annajjar, Mohammad hasan, Deyab, Abdelaziz, Elzowawi, Fathi, Krayem, Yousef, Drah, Weam, Meftah, Asma, Mohammed, Abobaker, Arrmalli, Lina Ali, Aljaboo, Hajir, Elayeb, Abdallah, Altomi, Mohamed, Altaweel, Ahmed, Tumi, Mohamed, Bazozi, Hana Milad, Shaklawoon, Aisha, Alglaib, Mohammed Meftah, Elkaloush, Abdullahn Abdousalam, Trainba, Sara, Swessi, Hisham, Alnaeri, Ali, Shnishah, Aya Essam, Mustufa, Hamassat, Gargum, Sondas Ali, Tarniba, Sara Ali, Shalluf, Hawa Ahmed, Shokri, Hajer Ali, Sarkaz, Taher L., Tababa, Osama, Elhadi, Ahmed, Naunova, Vesna Cvetanovska, Jovcheski, Laze, Kamilovski, Marjan, Gavrilovska-Brzanov, Aleksandra, Latiff, Zarina Abdul, Pauzi, Siti Farhan Moh, Osman, Marjmin, Lim, Felicia, Bakar, Ainal Huda Abu, Zaman, Azrina SK, Ishak, Shareena, Teo, Rufinah, Qi, Dr. Tammy Teoh Han, Othman, Mohd Yusran Bin, Zahari, Dato' Dr Zakaria bin, Hassan, Zulfitri bin Md, Shan, Cheah Hui, Lechmiannandan, Abhirrami, Tamaddun, Hafatin Fairos bt, Adanan, Mohd Fitri Shukri bin Mohamed, Abdullah, Mohd Yusof bin, Junyi, Wang, Nor, Mohd. Tarmizi Mohd, Noor, Wan Ruzaimie, Hassan, Mohd Razin bin, Dalek, Noor Fa'izatul Rahil Ambok, Hashim, Hidayah Hayati binti, Zarwawi, Ahmad Zulhisyam bin, Vellusamy, V Muthualhagi M, Yuen, Quah Soong, Kannessan, Hemasutha a/p, Ramli, Najua binti, Bujarimin, Ahmad Shafiee bin, Anntinea, Jessmine, Dass, Anthony, Khalid, Hazlina Mohd., Hanifah, Nur Atiqah binti Mohd, Jyun, Keily Wong Yue, Razak, Rahilah binti Abd, Naim, Nur Atifah binti Mohd, Hamzah, Siti Nur Aien binti Hamid, Vidal, Cristian R. Zalles, Bracho Blanchet, Eduardo, Dávila Perez, Roberto, Fernandez Portilla, Emilio, Villegas Silva, Raúl, Ibarra, Daniel, Calderon Moore, Antonio, Carrasco-Ortega, Cesar, Noguez Castillo, Monica, Herappe Mellado, Dorihela, Yanowsky Reyes, Guillermo, Gonzalez Cortez, Luis Fernando, Santana Ortiz, Rafael, Orozco Perez, Jamie, Corona C.Rivera, Jorge Román, Cardenas Ruiz Velasco, Juan Jose, Quiles Corona, Moises, Peña Padilla, Christian, Bobadilla Morales, Lucina, Corona Rivera, Alfredo, Rios Flores, Izabel Maryalexandra, Aranda Sánchez, Cristian Irela, Ambriz-González, Gabriela, Martínez Hernández Magro, Nestor, León Frutos, Francisco Javier, Cárdenas Barón, José de Jesús, González Ojeda, Alejandro, Yarza Fernández, Jessica, Porras, Juan Domingo, Aguirre-Lopez, Pastor, Sánchez Paredes, Vicente, Montalvo Marin, Arturo, Diaz Gomez, Jose Manuel, Caamal, Lorenzo Juvencio, Bulnes Mendizabal, David, Sanchez Valladares, Pablo, Garcia Martinez, Humberto, Adesanya, Opeoluwa, Olanrewaju, Moses, 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Gbenga, Ajao, Emmanuel Akinlabi, Agelebe, Efeturi, Olori, Samson, Mshelbwala, Philip Mari, Osagie, Olabisi, Oyinloye, Adewale, Abubakar, Auwal M, Oyebanji, Lateef, Shehu, Ibrahim, Cletus, Cyril, Bamanga, Ahmed, Suleiman, Faruk, Adamu, Sani, C.Nwosu, David, S.Alkali, Yahya, Jalo, Iliya, Rasaki, Aliu, T.Sambo, Yusuf, A.Mohammed, Kalakwa, M.Ballah, Abubakar, Modekwe, Victor, Ekwunife, Okechukwu Hyginus, Ezidiegwu, Ugochukwu S, Osuigwe, Andrew N, Ugwu, Jideofor O, Ugwunne, Chuka A, Akhter, Nadeem, Gondal, Mudassir Fayaz, Raza, Rafee, Chaudary, Ali Raza, Ali, Hassan, Nisar, Muhammad Umar, Jamal, Muhammad Umer, Pandit, Ghuri Shankar, Mumtaz, Uzma, Amjad, Muhammad Bin, Talat, Nabila, Rehman, Wajeeh ur, Saleem, Muhammad, Mirza, Muhammad Bilal, Hashim, Imran, Haider, Naveed, Hameed, Soban, Saleem, Ayesha, Dogar, Sohail, Sharif, Muhammad, Bashir, Muhammad Kashif, Naumeri, Fatima, Rani, Zarqa, Baniowda, Muath A.M., Ba'baa', Basheer, Hassan, Majd Yousef Mohammed, Darwish, Ammar, Sehwiel, Abrar Shaheen, Shehada, Mohammed, Balousha, Abrar ghassan, Ajrami, Yara, Alzamari, Ainaa Ata Mohammad, Yaghi, Bashar, Al-saleem, Hasan Subhi Hasan Abu, Farha, Mervat Sufian Abu, Abdelhafez, Mohammad Omar Mohammad, Anaya, Firas, Qadomi, Asef belal, Odi, Abd Al-Naser Bany, Assi, Muath Abdelrahem Fuad, Sharabati, Fadwa, Abueideh, Ahmad, Beshtawi, Doha mustafa saleh, Arafat, Hasan, Khatatba, Lara Zahi Adel, Abatli, Safa' Jamal, Al-Tammam, Hiba, Jaber, Dania, Kayed, Yara Imad Omar, Abumunshar, Ali Abdelhay, Misk, Rami Anwar, Alzeer, Asmahan Mohammad Suliman, Sharabati, Mutassem, Ghazzawi, Ihsan, Darras, Osama Majed, M.Qabaja, Mahmoud, Hajajreh, Ma'alem sameer, Samarah, Yasmeen Ahmad, Yaghi, Dua Hasan, Qunaibi, Moradallah Asad Fahmi, Mayaleh, Abdelrazzaq Abu, Joubeh, Sharehan, Ebeido, Annan, Adawi, Samer, Adawi, Ihda, Alqor, Mohammad Omar Ibrahim, Arar, Ahmad Samih, Awad, Hadeel, Abu-Nejmah, Fawzi, Shabana, Osaid Shaher, Alqarajeh, Firas, Alzughayyar, Tareq Z., Madieh, Jomana, Sbaih, Mahmoud Fuad, Alkareem, Raghad mohammad abdu, Lahlooh, Raghad abdullateef, Halabi, Yasmeen Adly, Baker, Wisam, Almusleh, Tasneem Fathi Hasan, Tahyneh, Abdulraheem Adnan Abdulraheem, Atatri, Yazid yousef mahmoud, Jamie, Najlaa Abu, Massry, Nasrallah Ashraf Al, Lubbad, Walaa, A.Nemer, Ayoub, Alser, Mohammed, Salha, Aya Azmi Shehda, Alnahhal, Khaled, Elmzyyen, Aya Mahmoud, Ghabayen, Amir Talat Sheda, Alamrain, Abdulwhhab Ayman Abu, Al-Shwaikh, Samar H., Elshaer, Omar Adly, Shaheen, Nureddin, Fares, Jehad, Dalloul, Hisham, Qawwash, Anas, Jayyab, Mustafa abu, Ashour, Dina Ayman, Shaheen, Ahmad Ashraf, Naim, Samy Rafat Ramadan, Shiha, Eman Abu, Dammagh, Nagham Mohammed Al, Almadhoun, Walaa, Al-Salhi, Ashraf Ayman, Hammato, Abdalkarim Yhya, Salim, Jamal Mohammed, Hasanain, Doaa Khalil, Alwadia, Soha Marwan Salem, Nassar, Ismail, Al-Attar, Hala M., Alshaikhkhalil, Haya Abdulnasser Ali, Jamie, Yasmin Mohammed Khalil Abu, Ashour, Yara shareef, Alijla, Sharif S., Tallaa, Mohamed Anwer El, Abuattaya, Adham 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Kenneth, Wissanji, Hussein, Duggan, Eileen, Guadagno, Elena, Puentes, Maria Consuelo, Leal, Paola Osses, Mendez Benavente, Carolina, Rygl, Michal, Trojanová, Barbora, Berková, Klára, Racková, Tereza, Planka, Ladislav, Škvařil, Jan, Štichhauer, Radek, Sabti, Shahad, Macdonald, Alex, Bouhadiba, Nordeen, Kufeji, Dorothy, Pardy, Caroline, Mccluney, Simon, Keshtgar, Alireza, Roberts, Rebecca, Rhodes, Hannah, Burns, Kate, Garrett-Cox, Robin, Ford, Kat, Cornwall, Hannah, Ravi, Krithi, Arthur, Felicity, Losty, Paul, Lander, Tony, Jester, Ingo, Arul, Suren, Gee, Oliver, Soccorso, Giampiero, Singh, Michael, Pachl, Max, Martin, Benjamin, Alzubair, Afnan, Kelay, Arun, Sutcliffe, Jonathan, Middleton, Thomas, Thomas, Amy Hughes, Kurian, Merina, Cameron, Fraser, Sivaraj, Jayaram, Thomas, Mark C, Rex, Dean, Jones, Ceri, Bradshaw, Kate, Bonnard, Arnaud, Delforge, Xavier, Duchesne, Camille, Gall, Caroline Le, Defert, Coralie, Laraqui Hossini, Samia, Guerin, Florent, Hery, Géraldine, Fouquet-Languillat, Virginie, Kohaut, Jules, Broch, Aline, Blanc, Thomas, Harper, Luke, Delefortrie, Thomas, Ballouhey, Quentin, Fourcade, Laurent, Grosos, Céline, Parmentier, Benoit, Levard, Guillaume, Grella, Maria Giovanna, Renaux Petel, Mariette, Grynberg, Lucie, Abbo, Olivier, Mouttalib, Sofia, Juricic, Mélodie, Scalabre, Aurelien, Haraux, Elodie, Rissmann, Anke, Krause, Hardy, Goebel, Peter, Patzer, Ludwig, Rolle, Udo, Schmedding, Andrea, Antunez-Mora, Alexandra, Tillig, Bernd, Bismarck, Sylvester von, Barbosa, Patricia Reis, Knorr, Christian, Stark, Domitille, Brunero, Marco, Avolio, Luigi, Manni, Francesco, Molinelli, Matilde, Guazzotti, Marinella, Raffaele, Alessandro, Romano, Piero Giovanni, Cavaiuolo, Silvia, Parigi, Gian Battista, Juhasz, Laszlo, Rieth, Anna, Strumila, Arunas, Dagilytė, Rūta, Liubsys, Arunas, Gurskas, Pranas, Malcius, Dalius, Mikneviciute, Agne, Vinskaite, Asta, Barauskas, Vidmantas, Vierboom, Liam, Hall, Timothy, Beasley, Spencer, Goddard, Lucy, Stringer, Mark, Weeratunga, Naveen, Adams, Stephen, Cama, Jitoko, Wong, Marilyn, Jayaratnam, Sridharan, Kukkady, Askar, Samarakkody, Udaya, Gerus, Sylwester, Patkowski, Dariusz, Wolny, Agnieszka, Koszutski, Tomasz, Tobor, Szymon, Osowicka, Marta, Czauderna, Piotr, Wyrzykowski, Dariusz, Garnier, Hanna, Anzelewicz, Stefan, Marta, Osowicka, Knurowska, Agata, Weiszewsk, Alicja, Grabowski, Andrzej, Korlacki, Wojciech, Pasierbek, Michal, Wolak, Przemyslaw, Piotrowska, Aneta, Roszkiewicz, Anna, Kalicińsk, Piotr, Trypens, Agata, Kowalewsk, Grzegorz, Sigalet, David, Alsaied, Amer, Ali, Mansour, Alsaggaf, Ameen, Ghallab, Alaa, Owiwi, Yazeed, Zeinelabdeen, Ali, Fayez, Mohamed, Atta, Ahmed, Zidan, Mazen, Radwan, Asaad saleh, Shalaby, Hanin, Abdelbaqi, Reem, Alattas, Khalid, Kano, Yar, Sindi, Omar, Alshehri, Abdullah, Altokhais, Tariq, Alturki, Fahad, Almosaibli, Mohammad, Krisanova, Dasha, Abbas, Wisam, Yang, Hee-Beom, Kim, Hyun-Young, Youn, Joong Kee, Chung, Jae Hee, Cho, Seok Hyeon, Hwang, In ji, Lee, Ju yeon, Song, Eung song, Arboleda, Jenny, Ruiz de Temiño Bravo, Mercedes, Siles Hinojosa, Alexander, García, Miriam, Casal Beloy, Isabel, Oliu San Miguel, Detlef, Molina Vazquez, Maria Elena, Alonso, Verónica, Sanchez, Alberto, Gomez, Oscar, Carrillo, Isabel, Wester, Tomas, Mesas Burgos, Carmen, Salö, Martin, Omling, Erik, Rudolfson, Niclas, Granéli, Christina, Arnadóttir, Helena, Grottling, Emma, Abrahamsson, Kate, Gatzinsky, Vladimir, Dellenmark Blom, Michaela, Borbonet, Daniel, Puglia, Paul, Jimenez Morejon, Vinicio, Acuna, Gaston, Moraes, Mario, Chan, Jonathan, Brahmamdam, Pavan, Tom, Alan, Sherer, Karen, Gonzales, Brandy, Cunningham, Aaron, Krishnaswami, Sanjay, Baertschiger, Reto, Leech, Mary, Williams, Regan, Camp, Lauren, Gosain, Ankush, Mora, Maria, Lyttle, Bailey D., Chang, Jeremy, McColl Makepeace, Lydia, Fowler, Kathryn L, Mansfield, Sara, Hodgman, Erica, Amaechi, Chukwubinyelum, Beres, Alana, Pernik, Mark N., Dosselman, Luke J., Almasri, Murad, Jain, Sunil, Modi, Varun, Fernandez Ferrer, Marianelly, Coon, John, Gonzalez, Joann, Honhar, Medhavi, Ruzgar, Nensi, Coghill, Griffin, Ullrich, Sarah, Cheung, Maija, Løfberg, Katrine, Greenberg, Jodie, Davenport, Kate, Gadepalli, Samir, Fox, Sarah, Johnson, Stephanie, Pilkington, Mercedes, Hamilton, April, Lin, Nicole, Sola, Juan, Yao, Yang, Davis, Jenna Kylene, Langer, Monica, Vacek, Jonathan, Abdullah, Fizan, Khlevner, Julie, Middlesworth, William, Levitt, Marc, Ahmad, Hira, Siddiqui, Sabina M, Bowder, Alex, Derks, Terry, Amoabin, Afua Amoabin, Pinar, Brooke, Owusu-Sekyere, Frank, Saousen, Benmanseur, Naidoo, Rasika, Karamustafic, Azra, Oliveira, Danielle Paula de, Motter, Sarah Bueno, Andrade, Jerhy, Šafus, Antonín, Langley, Jason, Wilke, Alexandra, Deya, Corazone, Murtadi, Habib Mansour, Berzanskis, Mindaugas, Calistus, Nwachukwu, Ajiboye, Olalekan S., Felix, Michael, Olabisi, Osagie O, Erçin, Seçil, Muradi, Teymursha, Burks, Stephen S., Lerma, Sergio, Jacobson, Jillian, Calancea, Calin, Valerio-Vazquez, Rafael, Sikwete, Guigui, Sekyere, Owusu, Mbonisweni, Akhona, Syed, Shahnoor, Hyeon, Cho Seok, Pajouhandeh, Fatemeh, and Kunfah, Sheba Mary Pognaa

Published
2021
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38. Serum brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in relation to craving and duration of abstinence in patients with heroin dependence—A case‐control study.

Author

Arafa, Mohamed, Enaba, Dalia Ahmed, Baz, Heba, Gomaa, Maged A., Ragab, Sara Abdelnaser, and Tarek, Mennat‐Allah

Subjects
*BRAIN-derived neurotrophic factor, *ADDICTIONS, *HEROIN, *DESIRE, *ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay, *COMPULSIVE behavior
Abstract

Background and Objectives: Addiction is a chronic disorder that comes with emotional and financial burdens. Several neurobiological factors were correlated to opiate‐use disorder which is brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF has been found to be involved in long‐term potentiation of synaptic strength, a mechanism that is thought to motivate both natural adaption mechanisms as well as the development of addictive behavior. In this study, we aimed to address the relation between BDNF serum level and heroin craving and the effect of duration of abstinence on them. Methods: A case study was conducted on 80 subjects from Kasr Al‐Ainy Psychiatry and Addiction Treatment Hospital with a history of heroin dependence and were divided into two groups: Group A had 40 active heroin‐dependent subjects while in Group B, 40 subjects with 1‐year heroin abstinence. Severity of addiction was assessed by the addiction severity index, heroin craving was measured by Brief Substance Craving Scale and serum BDNF level was investigated using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The findings show that active heroin users had significantly higher serum BDNF which is associated with high heroin craving in comparison to the abstinent group. Conclusions and Scientific Significance: This study revealed a significant positive correlation between serum BDNF levels and craving in active heroin users versus 1‐year abstinent subjects. It is the first study to address the relationship between craving and serum BDNF level in a 1‐year abstinent participants. These findings help to determine the brain alterations associated with illness and recovery in heroin dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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39. BRIDGING THE GAP: GLOBAL CORRUPTION OR DIRTY BUSINESS? A POTENTIAL NEED FOR LINCOLN'S LAW ABROAD.

Author

Arafa, Mohamed'

Subjects
CORRUPTION laws, CORRUPTION, INTERNATIONAL law
Abstract

This Article compares United States federal law with various international conventions intended to reinforce expressively and meaningfully domestic laws against public corruption among the signatory countries. It undertakes a detailed analysis of these agreements adopted by the European Union, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the Organization of American States, and the United Nations Convention against Corruption and reviews how the agreements seek to define what creates corruption. It discusses how these conventions use bribery as the main paradigm form of corruption, without considering fully other form(s) of corruption involving misuse of authority resulting in personal enrichment (e.g., extortion and misappropriation of public funds). This Article also looks at United States law, noting that while federal law on the topic is not completely consistent and contains no single provision on corruption, the United States has developed a strong anti-corruption law (The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 'FCPA') that provides the means to address several forms of the corrupt behavior. Among the issues that American law deals with that are largely ignored by the global conventions are: (1) whether gratuities that do not meet the criterions (conditions) of a bribe should also be punished as corrupt; (2) the role of campaign contributions in anti-corruption law; and, (3) how the federal mail fraud statute - along with the money laundering statute - which prohibits fraud depriving another of the right of honest services, should be adopted by nations seeking to expand their corruption law. This Article argues that American law can offer good examples for the global effort to define and punish corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

44. Impact of Varicocele on Testicular Oxidative Stress and Sperm Parameters in Experimental Animals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Russo, Giorgio Ivan, primary, Saleh, Ramadan, additional, Finocchi, Federica, additional, Juma, Almas Ramadhani, additional, Durairajanayagam, Damayanthi, additional, Kahraman, Oguzhan, additional, Söğütdelen, Emrullah, additional, Sokolakis, Ioannis, additional, Vishwakarma, Ranjit B., additional, Bahar, Fahmi, additional, Harraz, Ahmed M., additional, Kavoussi, Parviz, additional, Atmoko, Widi, additional, Chung, Eric, additional, Kumar, Naveen, additional, Zohdy, Wael, additional, Rambhatla, Amarnath, additional, Arafa, Mohamed, additional, Phuoc, Nguyen Ho Vinh, additional, Salvio, Gianmaria, additional, Calogero, Aldo E., additional, Toprak, Tuncay, additional, Pinggera, Germar-Michael, additional, Cannarella, Rossella, additional, Colpi, Giovanni, additional, Abdel-Meguid Hamoda, Taha Abo-Almagd, additional, Shah, Rupin, additional, and Agarwal, Ashok, additional

Published
2024
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49. Pushing the Boundaries for Evidenced-Based Practice: Can Online Training Enhance Andrology Research Capacity Worldwide? An Exploration of the Barriers and Enablers - The Global Andrology Forum.

Author

El Ansari, Walid, Arafa, Mohamed, Shah, Rupin, Harraz, Ahmed, Shokeir, Ahmed, Zohdy, Wael, Savira, Missy, and Agarwal, Ashok

Subjects
*ONLINE education, *ANDROLOGY, *META-analysis, *RESEARCH, *WEBINARS
Abstract

Purpose: This is the first study to design and assess a research capacity building (RCB) specifically tailored for clinical and nonclinical andrology practitioners worldwide. We appraised: 1) the barriers and enablers to research among these practitioners; 2) attendees’ satisfaction with the webinar; and 3) research knowledge acquisition as a result of the webinar (before/after quiz). Materials and Methods: A online RCB webinar was designed, comprising two presentations in research design and systematic review/meta-analysis (SR/MA). An online survey using validated published questionnaires assessed the three above-stated objectives. Paired t-test compared the means of the pre- and post-webinar scores. Subgroup analysis was performed on the participants’ professional background, sex, and number of years in practice. Results: A total of 237 participants attended the webinar, of which 184 completed the survey and are included in the current analysis. Male participants were about double the females and 60.9% were from Asian countries. The most common research enablers were to publish scientific papers (14.8%) and to develop research (14.7%) or new skills (12.7%). The most common barriers were the lack of training in research (12.4%), training in research software (11.8%), and time for research (11.8%). Satisfaction with the webinar was considerably high (86.3%–88.4%) for the different features of the webinar. Compared to the pre-webinar knowledge level, there were significant improvements in participants’ research knowledge acquisition after the webinar in terms of the total score for the quiz (13.7±4.31 vs. 21.5±4.7), as well as the scores for the study design (7.12±2.37 vs. 11.5±2.69) and SR/MA sessions (6.63±2.63 vs. 9.93±2.49) (p<0.001 for each). Conclusions: Clinical and non-clinical andrology webinar attendees recognized the importance of research and exhibited a range of research skills, knowledge and experience. There were significant improvements in the participants’ knowledge and understanding of the components of scientific research. We propose an RCB model that can be implemented and further modeled by organizations with similar academic research goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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