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Ashwaq Alolyan,1 Kanan Alshammari,1 Mohammad Arabi,1 Ahmed Alshehri,2 Hamad Alsuhaibani,3 Fahad Ibnshamsah,4 Abdullah Alsharm,5 Mervat Mahrous,6,7 Adnan Al Zanbagi,8 Mazen Hassanain,9 Shouki Bazarbashi10 1Department of Medical Oncology, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Oncology, King Khalid National Guard Hospital Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Medical Oncology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Medical Oncology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Oncology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 7Department of Medicine, Minia University of Egypt, Faculty of Medicine, Minia, Egypt; 8Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 9Department of Surgery, King Saudi University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 10Department of Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Shouki Bazarbashi, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Email bazarbashi@gmail.comAbstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common type of cancer in the world associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite being a significant healthcare burden there is limited information on the unmet needs and current treatment practices for intermediate and advanced-stage HCC in Saudi Arabia. This article analyzes the gaps and provides expert consensus on the management strategies for unresectable HCC in Saudi Arabia. A pre-meeting online questionnaire, comprising 20 objective questions about the treatment landscape and diagnosis of HCC in Saudi Arabia, was distributed to experts in the field of HCC management. An advisory board meeting including a panel of 13 experts was held in September 2022 where the responses to the survey questionnaire were reviewed and discussed. The survey results and experts’ discussion highlighted the growing incidence of liver cancer in Saudi Arabia. HCC comprised the majority of all liver cancer cases due to rising rates of chronic viral infections and lifestyle-related risk factors. Most physicians in Saudi Arabia follow the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer guidelines as a prognostic tool for the detection and staging of patients with HCC. Most of the patients with HCC in Saudi Arabia are diagnosed in the intermediate or advanced stages with poor prognoses and limited therapeutic options. Establishing evidence-based surveillance techniques, a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis, and better accessibility of treatment options is vital for the management of HCC in Saudi Arabia.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, treatment patterns, multidisciplinary

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of altitude, the position of the trees along a gradient of canopy cover, and the orientation of their crown on leaf traits of 18 deciduous woody species belonging to 10 families in the Fandoglo forest region in Ardabil, North West of Iran. We measured eight leaf traits (leaf width, length, area, thickness, water content, leaf mass per area, specific leaf area, and dry matter concentration) of trees sampled at sites subjected to different light regimes (forest edge, forest understory, and isolated trees). All traits were measured on more than 3600 leaves from 90 trees sampled in two altitudinal ranges (low: 1300-1500 m a.s.l.; high: 1500-1700 m a.s.l.). A two-way ANOVA and t-test for independent samples were applied to test for differences in leaf traits between different altitudes and degree of canopy cover. The results confirmed that species’ leaf traits were more strongly correlated with the altitude and canopy cover rather than the orientation of the crown. No relationship between leaf traits and crown orientation was detected. All leaf traits had significantly higher values at low than at high elevation, indicating that environmental factors such as atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature, light, irradiance, and wind deeply impact on foliar morphology and function; however, water content and specific leaf area showed an opposite trend. Also, species with different positions along the gradient of canopy cover could have different responses to elevation. Our results indicate that the variation of functional (morphological and physiological) traits in different tree species are affected by altitude and light regime. This might provide a theoretical basis for afforestation and forest management activities in the Fandoghlo forest region.

Mojgan Sheikhpour,1,2 Mohadeseh Arabi,3 Alibakhsh Kasaeian,4 Ali Rokn Rabei,4 Zahra Taherian5 1Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; 2Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; 3School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; 5Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranCorrespondence: Mojgan Sheikhpour Tel +98-9122969712Fax +98 21 64112285Email m_sheikhpour@pasteur.ac.irAbstract: Recently, suspensions of several nanoparticles or nanocomposites have attained a vast field of application in biomedical research works in some specified conditions and clinical trials. These valuable suspensions, which allow the nanoparticles to disperse and act in homogenous and stable media, are named as nanofluids. Several studies have introduced the advantages of nanofluids in biomedical approaches in different fields. Few review articles have been reported for presenting an overview of the wide biomedical applications of nanofluids, such as diagnosis and therapy. The review is focused on nanosuspensions, as the nanofluids with solid particles. Major applications are focused on nanosuspension, which is the main type of nanofluids. So, concise content about major biomedical applications of nanofluids in drug delivery systems, imaging, and antibacterial activities is presented in this paper. For example, applying magnetic nanofluid systems is an important route for targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia, and differential diagnosis. Also, nanofluids could be used as a potential antibacterial agent to overcome antibiotic resistance. This study could be useful for presenting the novel and applicable methods for success in current medical practice.Keywords: biomedical applications, nanofluid, diagnosis, therapy, drug delivery, antibiotic resistance

Manizheh Arabi,1 Alireza Saberi Kakhki,1 Mehdi Sohrabi,1 Sakineh Soltani Kouhbanani,2 Mehdi Jabbari Nooghabi3 1Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; 2Department of Educational Sciences, Educational Sciences and Psychology Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; 3Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranCorrespondence: Alireza Saberi KakhkiFaculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranTel +98 051 3880 5418Fax +98 051 3880 7381Email askakhki@um.ac.irPurpose: Investigation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is somewhat dependent on addressing main core features of ASD. But it is not clear which kind of investigation can effect on more difficulties features. So, this study examines the effect of the visuomotor, motor, and computer-based training programs on social behavior, motor skills, and repetitive behaviors of children with ASD.Patients and methods: Sixty children with ASD aged 6–12 years were recruited and assigned to one of the three experimental groups and the control group (each group n=15). Training was provided in 30 sessions, scheduled 3 times a week. Social behavior and repetitive behaviors were determined objectively using the observation method, and motor skills were evaluated by the Test of Gross Motor Development-2.Results: Our results suggested that children in the visuomotor group showed a significant reduction in the repetitive behaviors and an increase in gross motor skill scores in the post-test and follow-up. Also, the results exhibited that motor training group significantly improved in social behavior either in the post-test or follow-up. Although the post-test illustrated a considerable improvement of gross motor skills, this difference was not significant in follow-up. Similarly, no significant change was observed in visual training and control groups in relation to study variables.Conclusion: Given the improvement of repetitive behaviors and gross motor skills in post-test and follow-up, it seems that this investigation had a positive effect with a good retention effect on two core features of children with ASD. But according to group-based training protocol in motor training group and improvement in social communication, and mutual effect on gross motor skills, it seems that group-based practice can also be used to achieve the benefits of social communication in the investigations.Keywords: autism disorder, social behavior, repetitive behaviors, gross motor skills

This article, titled "Pregnancy after Hybrid Embolization for Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation: An Uncommon but Successful Outcome," discusses a case study of a 30-year-old woman who experienced amenorrhea after a D&C procedure and was later diagnosed with a uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM). The woman underwent five sessions of hybrid embolization, which successfully devascularized the AVM. Following the treatment, the woman became pregnant and delivered a healthy baby. The article concludes that hybrid embolization can be an effective treatment option for uterine AVMs, allowing patients to have successful pregnancies. [Extracted from the article]

Background and Objective: Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis M.) as a medicinal herb is practiced in wound healing. This study was carried out to assess the effect of Aloe vera gel (mucilage) on TGF-β gene expression in incisional skin wound in BALB/c mice. Method: In this experimental study, 36 BALB/c male mice with weight range 22±2 gr were allocated equally into negative control (no wound), sham-operated (wound treated with physiological serum) and teratment (wound treated with Aloe vera gel). Two equal full-thickness skin wounds of 10±2mm were made on either side of the vertebral column in the sacral region. The animals in the teratment group were received daily, 2 gram of Aloe vera gel (without any bandage) as a thin layer for a period of 16 days. On 8th and 16th post wounding day, TGF-β gene expression in incisional wounds and Malonyldialdehyde (as end-product of lipid peroxidation) in serum samples was measured using RT-PCR and spectrophotometry methods, respectively. Results: TGF-β gene expression in incisional skin wound increased in Aloe vera gel treated group in compared to negative control and sham-operated groups (P

Background: Thyroid cancer is a rare disease which includes less than 1% percent of all human cancers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the demographic characteristics and risk factors among patients with thyroid malignancy at the Cancer institute and Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran Iran. Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study of the charts of 320 patients admitted with the diagnosis of thyroid malignancy based on pathologic reports in the above- mentioned hospitals from 1992 to 2002. Results: From the 320 patients diagnosed with thyroid malignancy 68.1% were papillary cancer, 10.9% were follicular cancer, 10.6% were anaplastic cancer, 9.06% were medullary cancer and 1.2% were lymphoma. The average of the patients was 50.2 years, ranging from 12 to 98 years; 60.6% were female and 39.4 %were male; 22.8% of the patients had histories of thyroid nodule and 5% had received radiation therapy. From the anatomic point of view 57.5% of the cancers were in the right lobe of thyroid, 38.1% were in left lobe and 4.4% in the isthmus. None of the patients had positive family history of thyroid malignancy. Conclusion: Thyroid malignancy is more prevalent in the fifth decade of life and more common among females. Therefore, among patients in this group, alarming symptoms, such as anterior neck mass, thyroid nodule and voice change, should be evaluated more seriously.

Faisant le point sur l'ensemble de leurs résultats obtenus au cours des dernières années, les auteurs développent divers aspects relatifs aux synthèses, à la physico-chimie et aux structures des complexes dérivés des cobalt carbonyle. L'étude concerne essentiellement : - les dérivés de simple substitution de l'octacarbonyle dicobalt et la tautomérie des complexes dinucléaires; - les dérivés mononucléaires ioniques et leur relation avec les formes alkyle et acétyle du cobalt (I); - le bis (tétracarbonyle cobalt) mercure et ses dérivés de substitution ; - les dérivés tétranucléaires et le phénomène de « migration intramoléculaire » des ligands. Les caractéristiques spectrographiques de quelque soixante-dix complexes sont fournies en annexe. The authors review their findings concerning the synthesis, physico-chemical properties and structural nature of cobalt carbonyl derivatives. The article deals with : - Normal substitution of Col (CO),, and tautomerism of binuclear complexes; - lonic mononuclear derivatives in relation with alkyl and acetylcobaltcarbonyls ; - Bis (tetracarbonylcobalt) mercury and its substituted derivatives ; - Tetranuclear cobalt complexes exhibiting intramolecular scrambling. Spectrographic data of some 70 compounds are given.

The UV radiation level at the Earth's surface is generally affected by several factors such as time, geographic location, and climate. The first observations of solar UV radiation ever made in NW Iran, obtained in June 2019 are reported in this work. The analysis of hourly values of UV irradiances measured in the study area reveals significant diurnal variation during daylight hours, with lower values in the morning and afternoon and higher around noon. Mean hourly UV (A+B) ranged from 2755 to 10434 µW/cm2 with an average value being about 7960 µW/cm2. Mean hourly UV (C) ranged from 40 to 91 µW/cm2 with an average value being about 76 µW/cm2. The results of a short but intense measurement campaign in Ardabil-Sarein indicate the trends for geographical latitude, longitude, and altitude from surface UV measurements. The UV intensity is associated with geographical longitude (r2= 0.15 for UV (A+B); r2= 0.13 for UV (C)). Furthermore, UV intensity varies with the local latitude in the study area. There is a strong linear relationship between average UV and altitude and a trend of rising UV with increasing altitude is obtained. A decrease in UV radiation with increasing solar zenith (°) was observed. However, the correlation between UV radiation and solar azimuth (°) was not significant. Understanding the factors influencing near-surface UV radiation through systematic ground-based UV will help determine whether long-term changes occur as a result of changes in cloud cover or climate change, and how specific it means to identifying the causes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]