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9. The Food Doctors: A Pilot Study to Connect Urban Children and Medical Students Using Nutrition Education

Author

Johnston, Bryan, El-Arabi, Ahmad, Tuomela, Krista, and Nelson, David

Abstract

Background: Children in the USA face increasing nutrition-related health risks, including obesity rates of 16.9% -- a figure that has more than tripled over the past four decades. Nutrition education is beneficial to improve children's health through obesity prevention and the promotion of healthy habits, and the elementary school years are a key time to implement health education interventions. Objective: To develop a medical student created and operated nutrition education intervention for urban underserved elementary school students. Design: The Food Doctors (TFD) programme is a hands-on, interactive, in-class nutrition education pilot initiative for elementary school students and adheres to the established tenets of effective in-class nutrition education whenever possible: (1) interactive hands-on curriculum, (2) use of culturally relevant topics and (3) the inclusion of effective evaluation techniques. Setting: Urban elementary school classrooms in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Method: A literature review and feedback from partner schools' needs informed curriculum development. Institutional review board approval was sought and study materials prepared. The pilot programme was carried out at partner schools during class time. Results: A total of 83 students participated in the pilot study: 46 third-grade students and 37 fourth graders. Evaluation focused on assessing student baseline knowledge and exploring post-programme nutrition knowledge gains. Conclusion: TFD pilot programme demonstrated gaps in baseline nutrition knowledge among elementary school students and showed improved post-programme ability to correctly answer basic nutrition knowledge questions.

Published
2019
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15. THE ONGOING IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON STRESSORS DURING FERTILITY TREATMENT

Author

Dynia, Sarah, primary, Amir, Jawaria, additional, Peschansky, Caroline, additional, Usmani, Safina, additional, Grimm, Lauren, additional, Lynn, Royi, additional, Patel, Sonia, additional, Vitale, Kayla, additional, Arabi, Ahmad, additional, Beltsos, Angeline, additional, Jeelani, Roohi, additional, and Louden, Erica, additional

Published
2021
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18. Lebanon – From 'Paris of the Middle East' to a Failed State : A study of the consociational power sharing in Lebanon and its consequences

Author

Arabi, Ahmad

Subjects
Failed State, Libanon, Political Science, Statsvetenskap, Dysfunktionell stat, Realism, Bandwagoning, Klientelism, Konsociationell demokrati, Consocial Democracy, Suveränitet, Lebanon, Consociationalism, Clientelism
Abstract

Lebanon is seen as a failed state by the international community and this study aims to look at the causes that have made Lebanon dysfunctional. The study uses Andrej Lijpharts consociational power sharing model and the international relations theory realism to analyse the internal and external causes that have made Lebanon a failed state. The study is based on interviews from the three major sects in Lebanon and a text analysis. The study shows that Lebanon is suffering from a corrupt elite that uses the state institutions to benefit their own families. The elite uses clientelism by manipulating consociational power sharing to make the ethnoreligious groups dependant on the elite’s own success. Different regional and international powers use Lebanon in their struggle for power and dominance over the Middle East. The external actors support different ethnic and religious groups by financing and arming them. That in turn deepens the divide between the sectarian groups and hinders the political progress.

Published
2021

21. Libanon - från ”Mellanösterns Paris” till en ”Failed State” : en studie av den konsociala maktdelningen i Libanon och dess konsekvenser

Author

Arabi, Ahmad and Arabi, Ahmad

Abstract

Lebanon is seen as a failed state by the international community and this study aims to look at the causes that have made Lebanon dysfunctional. The study uses Andrej Lijpharts consociational power sharing model and the international relations theory realism to analyse the internal and external causes that have made Lebanon a failed state. The study is based on interviews from the three major sects in Lebanon and a text analysis. The study shows that Lebanon is suffering from a corrupt elite that uses the state institutions to benefit their own families. The elite uses clientelism by manipulating consociational power sharing to make the ethnoreligious groups dependant on the elite’s own success. Different regional and international powers use Lebanon in their struggle for power and dominance over the Middle East. The external actors support different ethnic and religious groups by financing and arming them. That in turn deepens the divide between the sectarian groups and hinders the political progress.

Published
2021

31. Designing a system for recording fluorescence photometry in awake animal with freedom of movement

Author

Arabi, Ahmad Besher, Ripoll Lorenzo, Jorge, Martín Montiel, Eduardo, Moratalla, Rosario, and Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial

Subjects
Neural activity, genetic structures, Fluorescence photometry, Arduino, Optical imaging, Microscopes, Biología y Biomedicina, Fiber-optic systems
Abstract

Current advancement with optogenetic probes for imaging and manipulating neural activity has further extended the relevance of fiber-optic systems for neural circuitry research. Optical fibers, which bi-directionally transmit light between separate sites, can be used for either optical imaging or manipulating neural activity relevant to understand the circuitry mechanisms that underlying the behavioral. Therefore, optical fibers have many usages and, one of them, is intracranial photometry through chronically implanted optical fibers, which is a broadly used technique for measuring signals from fluorescent probes in deep-brain structures. Additionally, the recent proliferation of bright, photostable, and specific genetically encoded fluorescent reporters for calcium and other neuromodulators has dramatically increased the utility and popularity of this technique. The main objective of this thesis is to build a system of fluorescence photometry using a recycled microscope. For its development, many changes are performed to the microscope in order to adjust it for optimal using with the system. It is connected to the LED source, the optical fiber, and the photomultiplier. Also, the LED is driven by ARDUINO circuit to control the frequency and blinking time of the light, and to a potentiometer to control the intensity of the light. The picked up signal with the photomultiplier is amplified, filtered, and finally acquired by an ADC data acquisition system. Ingeniería Biomédica

Published
2019

36. On the treatment of the second partial derivative of the integral of the Green's function

Author

Rahhal-Arabi, Ahmad, Mautz, Joseph R., and Harrington, Roger F.

Subjects
Electrostatics -- Models, Electromagnetism -- Models, Business, Computers, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

A method to evaluate the second normal partial derivative of the integral of the Green's function is presented in this short paper. Such a derivative appears in the solution of aperture problems in electrostatics. When computing the self-elements of the moment matrix, interchanging the order of differentiation and integration leads to integrals that are very unstable numerically and hence undesirable. This is due to the fact that these integrals grow in proportion to the reciprocal of the radius of the circle deleted around the singularity. In this paper, we present a method to avoid this difficulty for triangular patches. Plane triangular patches were chosen for their usefulness and popularity for arbitrarily shaped apertures. The theory is applicable to other surfaces of interest, such as polygons. The results obtained are simple and very convenient for numerical purposes.

Published
1994

40. Less is more-A pilot study evaluating one to three intradetrusor sites for injection of OnabotulinumtoxinA for neurogenic and idiopathic detrusor overactivity.

Author

Avallone, Michael A., Sack, Bryan S., El‐Arabi, Ahmad, Guralnick, Michael L., and O'Connor, R. Corey

Abstract

Aims To determine if minimizing the number of onabotulinumtoxinA (BTX) injection sites to one to three locations provides similar clinical efficacy and duration of effect compared to the established technique in treating patients with neurogenic (NDO) or idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO). Methods Prospective data were collected on BTX naïve patients with NDO or IDO who were intolerant or refractory to oral medications. Patients were treated with 100-300 U of BTX via one to three injection sites. Patients completed the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF) prior to and after treatment. The primary endpoint was defined as ICIQ-SF score improvement of >5 points. Secondary endpoints included subjective success, complete continence, quality of life score, post void residual (PVR), duration of effect and adverse events. Results Fourty-five patients (22 IDO, 23 NDO) were included. ICIQ-SF score improvement of >5 points was achieved in 73% (IDO 55%, NDO 91%) and the subjective success rate was 69% (50% IDO, 87% NDO). 52% of NDO patients attained complete continence. PVR increased by a mean of 32 and 156 ml in the IDO and NDO groups. Hematuria occurred in 6.7% and symptomatic urinary tract infection occurred in 11.1%. No systemic BTX adverse events occurred. Mean duration of effect was 31 weeks. Conclusions Our technique for administering BTX via one to three intradetrusor injection sites has similar clinical efficacy and rates of adverse events compared to the established technique for treating patients with IDO and NDO. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:1104-1107, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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44. Quasi-static analysis of multiconductor transmission lines in multilayered dielectric media above a ground plane perforated with holes of arbitrary shape

Author

Rahhal-Arabi, Ahmad and Rahhal-Arabi, Ahmad

Abstract

This dissertation consists of two parts. In the first part, a method of computing the capacitance and inductance matrices of a multiconducting transmission line above a ground plane perforated with small holes is presented. The number of conductors and dielectric layers is arbitrary. The conductors may be of finite cross section or infinitesimally thin. The method of solution consists of finding an equivalent problem in free space. We first short the holes and place unknown dipoles $P\sp{1}$ right above the surfaces of the holes and $P\sp{b}$ right below the surfaces of the holes to restore the boundary conditions of the original problem. Second, we use the equivalence principle to replace the signal lines and the dielectric interfaces by their equivalent unknown total charges in free space. Last, we use image theory to find an equivalent problem for the region above the ground plane. An equivalent problem for the region below the ground plane is also obtained. The formulation is obtained by using the free-space Green's function in conjunction with the boundary conditions of the original problem. The unknown total charges and dipoles are found using the method of moments with pulse expansion and point matching. The average potential and normal field due to an array of an infinite number of dipoles over one period in the direction of periodicity is computed. The self terms on the ground plane are extracted from the Bethe theory of small holes. In the second part, the holes are replaced by their equivalent solenoidal magnetic currents, which in turn are equivalent to double layers of electric charges. Replacing the holes by their equivalent magnetic currents allows the treatment of relatively larger and arbitrarily shaped holes and smaller thickness of dielectric slab separating the ground plane from the signal lines. Entire domain expansion functions are used on the transmission lines and dielectric interfaces representing the equivalent total charges. On the ground

Published
1994

46. Surface modification of electrospun polycaprolactone fibers and effect on cell proliferation

Author

Patel, Manan R., Baker, Kevin, Li, Yawen, Arabi, Ahmad, Boggs, Emily, Maerz, Tristan, Corey, Joseph, Zwiesler-Vollick, Julie, and Tuck, Samuel

Abstract

Surface modification is an essential tool in tissue engineering using synthetic biomaterial scaffolds. The authors report in this study a simple approach to modify the surface hydrophobicity, roughness and chemistry of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers using a combination of oxygen plasma treatment, sodium hydroxide treatment and arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) immobilization. The modified surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, water contact angle measurement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Plasma treatment decreased the water contact angle. Sodium hydroxide treatment further improved the hydrophilicity and increased the surface roughness. XPS analysis confirmed the presence of amide bonds on RGD-treated fibers. The enhancement of proliferation of ligament fibroblasts within 1 week of culturing on both the plasma- and sodium hydroxide–treated fibers was most likely due to improved wettability by the oxygen plasma treatment. The alignment and penetration of cells on PCL fibers suggested that these materials could be potential scaffold materials for the regeneration of fibrous tissues.

Published
2014
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