Search

In this study, three hybrids of Origanum (Lamiaceae) were examined in detail using morphological, karyological, palynological and molecular approaches. One of the three hybrids, O. x aytacii, is here described for the first time, and is compared with its putative parents, O. sipyleum and O. vulgare subsp. hirtum. In addition to morphological, karyological and palynological features, we also examined nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS) sequences of O. x intermedium (O. onites x O. sipyleum), O. x intercedens (O. onites x O. vulgare subsp. hirtum) and their purported parental species that share the same area with the new hybrid. Pollen grains were hexacolpate and isopolar. The range of Polar/Equatorial ratio (P/E) of pollen for investigated taxa varied from 0.74 to 0.99. All investigated taxa are diploid with a chromosome number as 2n = 30. According to molecular results, O. x aytacii was the most polymorphic taxon. In addition, DNA sequences showed that O. x intercedens was more similar to O. vulgare subsp. hirtum than to O. onites, and O. x intermedium was more similar to O. onites than to O. sipyleum. Furthermore, O. onites and O. vulgare subsp. hirtum have many different ITS haplotypes, probably resulting from backcrossing with different individuals. Results obtained in this study demonstrate that hybridization has played a major role in the process of Origanum speciation.

Origanum is a well-known genus that is widely distributed and comprises many hybrids and endemic species in Turkey. Some morphological and molecular studies in the literature have aimed to clarify infrageneric or sectional classification of the genus. However, studies regarding the shape, size, and color of mericarps of Origanum taxa remain limited. The mericarp micromorphology of 30 taxa, including 7 hybrids of the genus Origanum, were evaluated herein using both stereo microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine some useful features for taxonomical classification of the genus. The shapes of mericarps are usually ellipsoid, rarely ellipsoid-oblong, obovoid, broadly obovoid, while the color of mericarps vary from shades of brown to reddish. A significant variation was observed in the surface ornamentation of mericarps, which was mainly useful at the sectional and species level. Also determined were 2 main types: I and II, and 5 subtypes: pusticulate, reticulate-ruminate, reticulate-foveate, ruminate, and foveate. The micromorphological characters of mericarps, in addition to their morphological features, will contribute taxonomically to the classification of the sections of the genus Origanum and separation of the species within the sections. In addition, these characters will be useful to understand the effect of hybridization on variations in the micromorphological characters. This was the first detailed study on the mericarp micromorphology of the genus Origanum and its taxonomic implications.

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de yetişen Origanum L. (Mercanköşk) cinsinin fiziko-kimyasal toprak özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Origanum cinsinin 24 taksonunun büyüdüğü 22 bölgeden toprak örnekleri alındı. Her bir örnek için toprak bünyesi, pH, elektriksel iletkenlik, CaCO3, organik madde, P, K, Cu, Fe, Zn ve Mn parametreleri değerlendirildi. Toprak analizine göre bünye killi, killi-tınlı veya tınlı, pH değeri 6.62 ile 7.49 arasında, Elektriksel İletkenlik (E.İ.) tuzsuz veya az tuzlu, CaCO3 içeriği % 0.08 ile % 48.97 arasında ve organik madde miktarı % 0.01 ila % 11.54 arasında bulundu. Analiz edilen topraklarda P, K, Cu, Fe, Zn ve Mn miktarı düşük, orta, yeterli veya yüksek seviyelerde belirlendi. Sonuçlar önceki çalışmalarla tartışıldı., This study aimed to determine the physicochemical soil properties of genus Origanum L. (in Turkish: Mercanköşk) grown in Turkey. Soils samples were collected from 22 localities where the 24 Origanum taxa grown. Soil texture, pH, electrical conductivity, CaCO3, organic matter, P, K, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn parameters were evaluated for each sample. According to soil analysis the texture consists from clay, clay-loam or loam, pH value between 6.62 and 7.49, electrical conductivity (E.C.) is saltless or slightly salty, CaCO3 content among 0.08 % to 48.97 % and the amount of organic matter were between 0.01 % and 11.54 %. The availability of P, K, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn were determined low, medium, adequate or high level in the analyzed soils. The results are discussed with the previous studies.

Origanum munzurense Kit Tan & Sorger (Sect. Brevifilamentum Ietsw.) was described by Kit Tan & Sorger in 1984, and it is an accepted species related to O. acutidens (Hand.-Mazz.) Ietsw. belonging to sect. Brevifilamentum. It is morphologically intermediate between O. acutidens and O. vulgare L. subsp. gracile (K.Koch) Ietsw., and its type locality lies in the overlap zone between the geographic distributions of these two taxa. We hypothesized that O. munzurense is in fact a hybrid between the two aforementioned taxa and we tested this hypothesis with the general morphology, chromosome features, and nuclear (ITS1-ITS2) and chloroplast (rpl32) DNA sequences of specimens of O. munzurense and its putative parental species, O. vulgare subsp. gracile and O. acutidens. The somatic chromosome number of O. munzurense, O. vulgare subsp. gracile and O. acutidens were counted as 2n=30. Origanum munzurense presented polymorphic sites in the nuclear ITS region, but the chloroplast markers did not allow us to identify the putative maternal of O. munzurense. Our results suggest that O. munzurense is indeed a hybrid, and its rearrangement as a new homoploid hybrid (O. xmunzurense) would be more accurate. These present results support previous reports for the speciation of Origanum members via hybridization.

The pollen morphology and exine structure of 52 specimens of the 14 species (15 taxa) of the genus Achillea L. section Babounya (DC.) O. Hoffm. (Asteraceae) distributed in Turkey were examined with light and scanning electron (SEM) microscopes. The pollen characteristics of 13 species (except for Achillea tenuifolia Lam.) are newly reported here. The pollen grains were oblate-spheroidal, prolate-spheroidal, subprolate and generally tricolporate, but sometimes tetracolporate, and even pentacolporate. The size of grains varied, ranged from 21.20 to 45 mu m on the polar axis mean, and from 18.10 to 43.14 mu m on the equatorial axis mean. The structure of the exine was doubletectate (Anthemoid pattern) and mean of exine thickness varied from 3.61 to 8.16 mu m. The sculpture was echinate both in light and SEM micrographs. Moreover, rugulate, microperforate and rugulate-microperforate ornamentations were observed in SEM. The results indicate that the examined species showed heterogeneity in pollen characteristics, both at an interspecies level and between specimens of a species collected from different localities. In addition, correlation between pollen size and chromosome number was discussed.

Yıldız, Bayram (Balikesir Author), Cirsium handaniae Yildiz, Dirmenci & Arabaci (Asteraceae) is described as a new species from northeastern Anatolia, Turkey. It belongs to the section Epitrachys and appears to be close to C. macrobotrys and C. lappaceum s. lato. Diagnostic characters, as well as a full description and figures are provided. Its morphological characters are discussed and compared with the related species., European Community Research Infrastructure Action - FP6

Achillea hamzaoglui Arabaci & Budak sp. nova (Achillea sect. Santolinoidea), is described from Kirsehir Province, inner Anatolia, Turkey. it is compared with Achillea sintenisii and A. goniocephala. Diagnostic characters, as well as a full description, a key to related species and figures of new species are provided.

Yıldız, Bayram (Balikesir Author), Cirsium candelabrum Griseb. türü Trakya’dan (Türkiye) ilk defa kaydedilmiştir. Bu makalede, türün betimi, bitkinin çeşitli kısımlarını gösteren fotoğraflar ve Türkiye’deki yayılış haritası verilmiştir., Cirsium candelabrum Griseb. is reported for the first time from Thrace (Turkey). A description, including 2 photographs of the plant, and a map of its distribution in Turkey are presented.

Yıldız, Bayram (Balikesir Author), Bu çalışma, Achillea salicifolia Besser subsp. salicifolia' ın taksonomik gelişimi ve Türkiye'deki yayılışını içermektedir. A. salicifolia subsp. salicifolia' nın yakın akraba türlerle olan farklılıkları tartışılmış ve sinonimleri belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca, betimi, lokaliteleri, yayılış haritası ve akraba türleri ile ayrım anahtarı verilmiştir., This study includes taxonomical improvements of Achillea salicifolia Besser subsp. salicifolia and distributions in Turkey. Differences between A. salicifolia subsp. salicifolia and relatives are discussed, and synonyms are established. Furthermore, description, localities, distribution map, and key of allied species are given.

Bu çalışma, Malatya yöresinda yetişen Poaceae (Gramineae) familyasına ait türleri içermektedir. Türkiye Florası'nda kullanılan kare sistemine göre arştırma alanı B6, B7, C6 ve C7 karelerinde yer almaktadır. Yöreden, 1986-2001 yıllan arasında toplam 343 bitki örneği toplanmıştır. Bu örnekler üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda 45 genus ve 90 tür (98 takson) saptanmıştır. İçerdikleri tür sayılarına göre araştırma alanında en büyük genuslar sırasıyla: Bromus L. (10), Elymus L. (7), Aegilops L. (6), Hordeum L. (5), Alopecurus L. (4), Poa L. (4), Stipa L. (4)'dür. Araştırma alanındaki Poaceae familyasına ait taksonların fitocoğrafik bölgelere göre dağılımı şöyledir: İran-Turan bölgesi elementleri 28, Akdeniz bölgesi elementleri 5, Avrupa-Sibirya bölgesi elementleri 8'dir. Türler Red Data Kategorilerine göre değerlendirilmiştir. EN-Endangered (Tehlikede) kategorisinde 2, Vu-Vulnerable (Zarar Görebilir) kategorisinde 2, LR (lc)- Lower Risk (Least Concern) (Az Tehdit Altında (En Az Endişe Verici)) kategorisinde ise 3 taksonun bulunduğu saptanmıştır. Türkiye için endemik tür sayısı ise 4'dür. ANAHTAR KELİMELER: Malatya, Poaceae (Gramineae), Morfoloji. This study includes speicemens of Poaceae (Gramineae) grown in Malatya province. According to grid system used in Flora of Turkey the research area situated in B6, B7, C6, and C7 squaries. 343 plant speicmens have been collected in the years 1986-2001 from the area. At the end of the study 45 genera, and 90 species (98 taxa) are established. The greates genera according to their species numbers in the area as follows: Bromus L. (10), Elymus L. (7), Aegilops L. (6), Hordeum L. (5), Alopecurus L. (4), Poa L. (4), and Stipa L. (4). The numbers of the phytogeographical elements of Poaceae spp. in the area as follows: the Irano-Turanians elements are 28, the Mediterraneans elements are 5, the Euro-Siberians elements are 8. The species are appraised according to Red Data Categories. Endangered-EN categories 2, Vulnerable-Yu categories 2, Lower Risk (Least Concern)-LR (lc) categories 3 taxa are established. Four species are endemic to Turkey. KEYWORDS: Malatya, Poaceae (Gramineae), Morpholojical. *;. c. 3T { a it} _,. 111