Search

Management of marine pollution is a difficult condition to realize, especially the pollution of mixed oil disposal (bilge) resulting from the operation of ships. The oil component has different characteristics compared to the essence of other substances; namely, oil can float on the surface of the water because it has an extra weight the type/density of the essence. The parameters tested in this research are oil/fat content parameters and their extraction according to National Certification Institution 6989.59:2008. Bilge water samples were taken from five commercial ships that leaned on the port and then carried out pre-treatment and post-treatment tests with the liquid separation process in the Oil Water Separator (OWS) device on the ship and then tested in the laboratory to determine the infrared spectrum in the absorption of oil content emissions in water samples, which may not exceed the standard threshold for port water quality, i.e., 5 mg.L-1. The sampling tests were carried out for the variables temperature, pH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), and oil content obtained values were below the threshold for water quality. To find out the relationship between Group I and Group II, linear regression was used showing the Ho result in reject (0.000<0.05), which means there is a significant relationship between Group I and II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arsenic (As) contamination is a major global environmental concern with widespread effects on health of living organisms including humans. In this review, the occurrence (sources and forms) of As representing diverse aquatic habitats ranging from groundwater to marine environment has been detailed. We have provided a mechanistic synopsis on direct or indirect effects of As on different organismal groups spanning from bacteria, algae, phytoplankton, zooplankton and higher trophic levels based on a review of large number of available literature. In particular, special emphasis has been laid on finfishes and shellfishes which are routinely consumed by humans. As part of this review, we have also provided an overview of the broadly used methods that have been employed to detect As across ecosystems and organismal groups. We also report that the use of As metabolites as an index for tracking Astot exposure in humans require more global attention. Besides, in this review we have also highlighted the need to integrate 'omics' based approaches, integration of third and fourth generation sequencing technologies for effective pan-geographical monitoring of human gut microbiome so as to understand effects and resulting consequences of As bioaccumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As a triazole fungicide, triadimefon is widely used around the world. The ubiquitous occurrence of triadimefon in aquatic environments and potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms have resulted in global concerns. In this review, the current state of knowledge on occurrence, environmental behavior, and toxic effects are presented and used to conduct an assessment of risks posed by current concentrations of triadimefon in aquatic environments. Results: The key findings from this review are that: (1) triadimefon occurred widely in surface waters, with high rates of detection; (2) abiotic degradation of triadimefon was affected by many factors. Stereoselectivity was found during biotic degradation and metabolism of triadimefon. Different enantiomers can cause various adverse effects, which complicates the assessment and requires enantiomers-specific considerations; (3) triadimefon exposure can affect organisms by causing multiple toxic effects on the thyroid, reproductive system, liver, nervous system as well as carcinogenicity and teratogenicity, and it can also act synergistically with other pesticides. Long-term, low-dose effects were considered to be the main characteristics of toxic effects of triadimefon; (4) results of the risk assessment based on probabilistic relationships represented by joint probability curves (JPCs) indicated that risk of triadimefon was classified as low risk. Conclusion: Triadimefon occurred widely in surface waters, with high rates of detection, while the concentration data of triadimefon in surface water is insufficient. Researches about toxic effects and mechanisms of triadimefon on invertebrate are needed. Meanwhile, researches about toxic effects and environmental exposure of chiral monomers are also required. Due to its reproductive toxicity, triadimefon might result in adverse effects on the population level or even on the ecosystem level. Risk assessments for pesticides that cause long-term and low-dose effects on aquatic organisms such as triadimefon need to consider higher-level ecological risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Xenobiotic chlorinated phenols have been found in fresh and marine waters and are toxic to many aquatic organisms. Metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in the marine microalga Tetraselmis marina was studied. The microalga removed more than 1mM of 2,4-DCP in a 2l photobioreactor over a 6day period. Two metabolites, more polar than 2,4-DCP, were detected in the growth medium by reverse phase HPLC and their concentrations increased at the expense of 2,4-DCP. The metabolites were isolated by a C8 HPLC column and identified as 2,4-dichlorophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (DCPG) and 2,4-dichlorophenyl-β-d-(6-O-malonyl)-glucopyranoside (DCPGM) by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric analysis in a negative ion mode. The molecular structures of 2,4-DCPG and 2,4-CPGM were further confirmed by enzymatic and alkaline hydrolyses. Thus, it was concluded that the major pathway of 2,4-DCP metabolism in T. marina involves an initial conjugation of 2,4-DCP to glucose to form 2,4-dichlorophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside, followed by acylation of the glucoconjugate to form 2,4-dichlorophenyl-β-d-(6-O-malonyl)-glucopyranoside. The microalga ability to detoxify dichlorophenol congeners other than 2,4-DCP was also investigated. This work provides the first evidence that microalgae can use a combined glucosyl and malonyl transfer to detoxify xenobiotics such as dichlorophenols. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This research was performed to determine the effect of boiling, grilling and cold storage processes on florfenicol residues in muscle tissues of sturgeons. A total of 16 sturgeons, 10 of which have received single dosage of florfenicol at 10 mg kg-1 bw day-1 level and remaining 6 have not received any florfenicol were used in this study. The analyses were performed by HPLC. The mean recovery rate and repeatability pooled-RSD r% of analytical method for florfenicol analysis of sturgeon muscle were determined as 83.4±1.07% and 17% respectively. The florfenicol levels were 40.30±8.23% in the muscle tissue of boiled fish, 57.80±7.46% in the boiling juice, 101.10±4.01% in the grilled tissue and 78.01±15.40% and 62.36±11.60% in the muscle tissues of fishes, which were stored at -20°C, on the 20th and 50th days respectively. The initial florfenicol level in the fish muscle was significantly reduced (P<0.05) by boiling and cold storage processes. A decrease occurred in florfenicol level in boiling process due to the transfer from muscle tissue to boiling juice, and there was no decrease in the florfenicol level as a result of grilling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics from the North Atlantic Gyre deposited on Guadeloupe beaches were sampled and characterized. A new method is developed to identify which elements were present as additives in these microplastics. The method used both acidic leaching and acidic digestion. Several elements (Al, Zn, Ba, Cu, Pb, Cd, Mn, Cr) were identified as pigments. Furthermore, some elements used as additives to plastics (especially the non-essential elements) seem to contribute to most of the acidic leaching, suggesting that these additives can leach and adsorb onto the surface microplastics, becoming bioavailable. Based on the acidic leaching element content, only Cd should represent a danger for fish when ingested. However, further studies are needed to determine the potential synergetic effect on health caused by the ingestion of several elements and microplastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In aquatic ecosystems, the temperature of the water is an important ecological factor that modulates aquatic organisms' metabolism, growth, development, and reproduction. In this study, the morphological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses of response of Marsupeneus japonicus to acute cold stress was investigated. The results revealed that low temperature caused profound morphological damage to the hepatopancreas. Transcriptomic responses suggested that energy and primary metabolism, cytoskeleton structure, and apoptosis signaling were altered. The metabolic responses to cold stress included changes of multiple amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic data indicated that energy metabolism pathways were downregulated in the hepatopancreas under cold stress. However, M. japonicus increased ATP and unsaturated fatty acids production to ameliorate. Moreover, cold stress caused significant attenuation of macrophage apoptosis. This study provides key information to increase our understanding of low-temperature tolerance in shrimp. Image 1 • The transcriptome and metabolome in the shrimp under cold stress were determined. • Cold stress downregulated energy metabolism pathways in the hepatopancreas. • Shrimp responded to cold by enhancing ATP and unsaturated fatty acids production. • Cold stress also attenuated macrophage apoptosis. • The results increased our understanding of low-temperature tolerance in shrimp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to estimate a coastal water quality change and its carrying capacity regarding the population settlement. Estimating the carrying capacity was taken using a quality standard comparison method, where the water quality was generated from field measurement with the quality of water according to the Ministerial Decree of Environment No. 51 of 2004. The principal component analysis was carried out to seek a parameter grouping of water quality in each location, while probability linear regression test was conducted to estimate the water carrying capacity. The results of this research indicated that the total population of Tiworo Archipelago has a significant correlation with ammonia concentration in the waters. The Quality Standard Ratio (QSR) value of ammonia currently was about 0.18, that is under its carrying capacity standard of 1. The number of the population according to the ammonia carrying capacity was about 39,541 people that was predicted happening on 160 years ahead, where the QSR ammonia value will reach 1, with an assumption of population growth rate of 1.36% per year. If the scenario was taken by decreasing the population growth rate as high as 1% per year, the carrying capacity of ammonia will happen 218 years later, and reversely when the population growth rate increased to be 1.5% per year, the carrying capacity of ammonia was going to occur on 146 years ahead. However, if this scenario was conducted by managing the local domestic waste, the ammonia carrying capacity limit was going to happen on 228 years ahead. Although various scenarios are able to be carried out to maintain the water quality, the water carrying capacity currently in the research location is either still high enough to support settlement activity of populations or marine aquaculture activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquaponics is a science that integrates animal aquatic production with vegetable culture in recirculating water systems. The performance of an aquaponics system using constructed semi-dry wetland with lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) planted on treating wastewater of culture of shrimp Macrobrachium amazonicum was evaluated. Each aquaponics module consisted in four culture tanks (1 m3 tank−1), conical sedimentation tank (0.1 m3), circular holding tank (0.2 m3), and constructed semi-dry wetland (0.2 m × 1.0 m × 4.0 m). Post larvae (PL) shrimps with an initial average mass of 314 ± 4.75 mg were stocked at density treatments in quadruplicate: (A) 40 shrimps m−2, (B) 80 shrimps m−2, and (C) 120 shrimps m−2. Our results showed the average final mass of shrimps had a slight reduction at the density 80 and 120 shrimps. However, it did not differ significantly between the treatments. The ultimate survival and productivity were higher in density 80 and 120 shrimps. The maximum biomass productivity occurred at the treatment with density 120 shrimps. The aquaponics recirculation system using constructed semi-dry wetlands with lettuce adequately treated the water at the densities tested. Various water quality parameters were deemed suitable for shrimp culture, but for lettuce not, especially the temperature. The shrimp density was inappropriate which limited the system to accumulate and increase the concentration of nutrients to vegetables with lessening the yield. Nonetheless, the system with higher density has higher nutrient content that plants demonstrated significantly better growth and yield. The results showed the potential use of organics waste generated in a family lettuce hydroponic production, but for a commercial production is indicated supplementation with nutrients like calcium, magnesium, and potassium in the water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]