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Tetrahydrocarbazoles are important class of heterocycles that exhibit numerous biological properties. They are also found in several natural products. In the present study, Fischer indolization of L-menthone was investigated for diastereoselectivity using different reaction conditions. No appreciable diastereoselectivity was observed for the acids used except CuBr and boric acid at varying temperatures, where satisfactory results were obtained. In addition, a small library of new (2R,4aS)-2,3,4,4a-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole analogs was reported and structurally characterized using spectroscopic techniques herein. Additionally, the compounds were evaluated against different biological activities, such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities and did not show any activity. As the synthesized library was found safe when tested against cytotoxicity in normal cell line, it will be explored for other biological activities in near future to identify its biological outcome.

This study is about the investigation of Form One Islamic High School students emotional intelligence at Hulu Terengganu district in Malaysia. 364 Form One students was selected from 4 Islamic high school in the district to answer the questionaires. The data of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation was run and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 20.0). Research outcome showed that the students’ emotional intelligence level is in the medium range, which interpersonal skill is the most dominant domain among the students. Its shows have a relationship between the emotional intelligence and the students’ academic achievement through the Pearson correlation analysis. But the relationship is not significant.

INTRODUCTION:: Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women worldwide, including Pakistan. More than half of breast cancer patients have hormone-dependent breast cancer, which is developed due to the over-production of estrogen (the main hormone in breast cancer). METHOD:: The biosynthesis of estrogen is catalyzed by the aromatase enzyme, which thus serves as a target for the treatment of breast cancer. During the current study, biochemical, computational, and STD-NMR methods were employed to identify new aromatase inhibitors. A series of phenyl-3-butene-2-one derivatives 1-9 were synthesized and evaluated for human placental aromatase inhibitory activity. Among them, four compounds 2, 3, 4, and 8 showed a moderate to weak inhibitory activity (IC50 = 22.6 - 47.9 µM), as compared to standard aromatase inhibitory drugs, letrozole (IC50 = 0.0147 ± 1.45 µM), anastrozole (IC50 = 0.0094 ± 0.91 µM), and exemestane (IC50 = 0.2 ± 0.032 µM). Kinetic studies on two moderate inhibitors, 4 and 8, revealed a competitive- and mixed-type of inhibition, respectively. RESULT:: Docking studies on all active compounds indicated their binding adjacent to the heme group and interaction with Met374, a critical residue of aromatase. STD-NMR further highlighted the interactions of these ligands with the aromatase enzyme. CONCLUSION:: STD-NMR-based epitope mapping indicated close proximity of the alkyl chain followed by an aromatic ring with the receptor (aromatase). These compounds were also found to be non-cytotoxic against human fibroblast cells (BJ cells). Thus, the current study has identified new aromatase inhibitors (compounds 4, and 8) for further pre-clinical and clinical research. result: A series of phenyl-3-butene-2-one derivatives 1-9were synthesized and evaluated for human placental aromatase inhibitory activity. Among them, four compounds 2, 3, 4, and 8 showed a moderate to weak inhibitory activity (IC50= 22.6 - 42.7 µM), as compared to standard aromatase inhibitory drugs letrozole (IC50 = 0.0147 ± 1.45 nM), and anastrozole (IC50 = 9.4 ± 0.91 nM). Kinetic studies on two moderate inhibitors,4 and 8, revealed a competitive and mixed type of inhibition, respectively. Docking studies on all active compounds indicated their binding adjacent to the heme group and interaction with Met374, a critical residue of aromatase. STD-NMR further highlighted the interaction of these ligands with aromatase. STD-NMR based epitope mapping indicated close proximity of the alky chain followed by an aromatic ring with the receptor (aromatase). These compounds were also found to be non-cytotoxic against human fibroblast cells (BJ cells). conclusion: Thus, the current study has identified new aromatase inhibitors (compounds 4, and 8), and these could be further considered as anti-cancer agents after in-vivo studies.

Child trafficking is a rampant problem in the world. An indeterminately great number of men, women, and children have become prey to the trafficking of persons for sexual abuse, forced labor, and other forms of mistreatment at the international level. The purpose of this article is to analyze the Law of Nations on the trafficking of children for domestic work. The study further explained international instruments on the trafficking of children for household work and the important viewpoints of trafficking provided procedures for expanding policies to deals with the trafficking of children for domestic work. The anti-trafficking strategies in treaties, conventions, and protocols are particularly focused on policies to combat the trafficking of children for domestic work, as well as other human rights strategies focused, that obligate the countries to act against traffickers, save children from harm and be vulnerable to the trafficking of children and create a preventive structure for those been trafficked.

Modern pedagogy needs to prepare an innovative type of students than those fostered all the way through. Technology Scaffolding in Problem-based Learning (PBL) environment is a learner-centred approach that has the potential to foster student’s independent study through effective communication, collaboration, and student student-teacher interaction. These instructional activities can reorganize the conventional learning approach, enhance the leaning experience and entire learning process. Hence, The importance of intergrating scaffolding strategies to facilitate PBL for effective instruction in a diverse field of education cannot be overemphersized. This review highlihgts the benefits available through the utilization of technology-based scaffolding in PBL that could benefit vocational education. The review employed a systematic search of relevant databases including Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and others. Twenty two (22) full articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected and analyzed. The analysis showed that PBL with online scaffolding enhances positive students experience, promotes effective collaboration, facilitates learning, and ease in dealing with communication of new ideas in a learning setting. additional findings showed that if question prompts in PBL is provided in a complicated or difficult manner, they could hinder rather than promote learning.

Objective: Fatigue is one of the most disabling symptoms of arthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate fatigue severity in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid arthritis, and its correlation with pain, disability and sleep disturbance. Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted among patients attending a rheumatology and orthopaedic clinic in Karachi. Total 100 participants were included, fifty with osteoarthritis and fifty with rheumatoid arthritis respectively. They were assessed for fatigue, pain, disability and sleep disturbances in both the groups. Fatigue Severity Scale questionnaire was used to evaluate the intensity of fatigue. The disability index was measured by Health Assessment Questionnaire, whereas pain and sleep disturbances was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale. Result: Our result showed osteoarthritis group has significant but weak correlation of fatigue with disability (r=0.45) p-value 0.001, pain (r=0.41) p-value (0.003) and sleep disturbances (r=0.49) p-value

Introduction: Researches had shown that Men who have sex with men (MSM) have higher chances of having psychiatric disorder as compared to heterosexual men. Ongoing homophobia, stigma and discrimination have negative effects on mental health of MSM. Many MSM do not seek care from mental health provider because of fear of discrimination Objectives: This study was carried out to assess psychiatric health problem among MSM and also assess their health seeking behavior. Method: The Snowball sampling technique was used. First participants were recruited through a non-profit peer group. Further participants were subsequently referred by participants from their peer circles. Data obtained from total 52 MSM using pretested questionnaire and General health questionnaire (GHQ-28) was analyzed using MS Excel. Results: Two-fifth (40.38%) of MSM had self-reported psychiatric health problem. While on GHQ, 57.69% of MSM were found to have psychiatric health problem with GHQ score of ≥24. MSM who were completely homosexual and who were victims/doer of violence with sex partners had significantly higher chances of having psychiatric health problem.57.15% MSM sought treatment for their psychiatric problem from an Allopathic doctor. Rest of them either went for a self treatment (28.57%) or not taken any treatment (14.28%). 75% MSM reportedly sought treatment from private health facility. Better facility, cost effectiveness, someone known recommended were most commonly cited reason for preferring a mental health provider. Conclusion: High prevalence of psychiatric health problems was found among MSM who engage in higher-risk sexual behavior. MSM require access to mental health screening services.

Background: Understanding preferences and practices for delivery place among women would assist in better resource utilization for skilled attendants. Objectives: To study factors influencing women’s preference and practice regarding their place of delivery. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Agra from 1st October 2018 to 31st October 2020. Multi-stage random sampling was used. Data was collected using semi-structured interview schedule. Both bivariate and multivariate analysis was done. Result: Majority (72.67%) of women had preference for delivery at government hospital while 19.67% for private hospital and only 7.67% for home. In actual practice, 58.33% had delivered at government hospital and 32.33% delivered at private hospital while 9.33 % at home. On multiple-logistic regression analysis, parity found to have significant association with preference of delivery at government hospital. Preference for delivery in private hospital was found to be significant with OBC caste and in women whose husband has skilled/highly-skilled occupation. In actual practice, Government hospital as delivery place found to have significant association with parity and presence of ASHA. Private hospital as a delivery place found significant with literate mothers and parity. Conclusion: Majority had preferred and practiced institutional delivery, preferring government hospital over private hospital. In actual practice, delivery at private hospital as well as home delivery out-numbered the preferred proportion.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a novelty that is affecting everyone. Pandemic-related problems, such as isolation and quarantine, social distance, economic and social pressure, may arise to cause major psychological problems specifically to those whom get infected by COVID-19, followed by frontliners such as health care workers and generally public. Thus, this study was conducted to explore psychological stress among health care worker amid COVID-19 pandemic, coping strategies and needs required by health care workers. This qualitative method, using purposive sampling with semi-structured via phone/online interviews among thirteen health care worker who worked in Government Clinic and Hospital in one of the District in Pahang state, Malaysia. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. 13 health care personnel were participated in this study with at least about 10 years working experiences. Demographic data include various variable such age, gender, role, marital status, working experiences and their original department. Data analysis discovered that 3 major themes capturing the important elements involves and contributed to psychological stress among health care worker during COVID-19 pandemic from this cohort group. The themes were classified as COVID-19 implications, coping strategies and needs. Each of the themes are further elaborated in details through the identification of sub-themes which consist of Psychological Effect, Working Environment, Social Effects, Self-care, Expression of Feelings (Emotion focused), Problem-focused coping strategie, Psychosocial support and Resource Management. Therefore, it is important to deal and recognize the ongoing distress that could be negatively impaired frontliners. Regular contact between support person should be consider to improve better self-adaptation, positive coping skills and self-care strategies. Nevertheless, consideration among policy makers and government are highly expected in serving frontliners while facing struggles and challenges during present pandemic. Implementation of services and targeted policy turn pivotal thus would protect frontliners, mentally and physically, to maintain the functioning of our nation’s healthcare.

The platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment is a method of medical treatment using sources from processed human blood. The process is intended to isolate PRP from human blood. It is a component of blood plasma that is enriched with platelets. Platelets are small blood cells that contain more than 30 bioactive proteins that play an important role in the process of blood clotting and tissue healing. Since the PRP method is a treatment that uses sources of human blood for the purpose of treatment whether aesthetic or therapeutic treatment, it certainly requires a thorough study of fiqh for its use. Islamic law advises its followers to strive to treat any illness or reduce the pain experienced by a person. However, every treatment used including PRP treatment, is still subject to the control of the principles of Islamic law to ensure that the treatment is not contradicting with Islamic law. Thus, this study was conducted using a qualitative method based on the method of library research and interviews to produce a fiqh parameter for PRP-based treatment. The results of the study concluded that three principles in the formation of these parameters need to be examined, namely; (i) parameters for determining the validity of masyaqqah, (ii) parameters for adverse effects of the disease on patients and (iii) parameters for determining the types of items that are prohibited (muharramat). Therefore, treatment using the PRP whether treatment for aesthetic or therapeutic purposes must comply with the details in all the relevant parameters as the method of treatment cannot be permitted totally. In addition, PRP treatment should also be recommended by a qualified medical practitioner and implemented according to proper procedures to avoid the risk of side effects towards patients

Powder embroidery or BB glow is one of the modern treatments towards dermatological problems. It has been widely practiced even though its elemnents have not yet been medically proved. Thus, the safety measurements of powder esearch y are not yet investigtated in line with (sharia laws). In essence, the powder embroidery treatment is seen as an attempt to modify the physical attributes of Allah’s SWT creation, skill deceiving and transgressor-esque behaviour (fasiq). This study analyses the provisisons of the conditions of powder embroidery treatment. This study adopts a qualitative research approach. Library-based data is analysed inductively and deductively. The analysis was done based on three main elements: the intention and purpose of the treatment, types of chemical ingredients used and the benefits and harm of the consumers and the public. The study found that powder embroidery is illegal because of how detrimental it is towards the consumers whether it be drastically or in the long run. This harm is based on the reluctance of WHO, USFDA and KKM to identify the safeness of this treatment in addition to the existence of various negative reports about it like allergies reactions, inflammation and granuloma that can’t be reversed (irreversible). The consideration of benefits and damage in this powder embroidery issue clearly leans towards the harms instead of the trivial benefits like achieving the facial beauty through this treatment.

During the Covid-19 pandemic, this study examined the level of knowledge and compliance of Malaysian Muslims with the legal decision to distance each prayer by one meter. It is well known in Islam that praying near a congregation (jemaah) is encouraged, but Malaysia's muftis have decided to add a distance of one meter between the prayers to prevent Covid-19 from being transmitted. A questionnaire survey of 560 online respondents was conducted. The data were descriptively analysed to determine the level of knowledge and compliance with the decision. The results show that Malaysian Muslims' level of knowledge and compliance on this issue is very satisfactory.

Despite burgeoning researches on happiness in different fields of psychology, anthropology, and economics, in the west on Judeo-Christians and on men, fewer researches were conducted on correlates of happiness among Muslims especially Women in the African context. World happiness report (WHR) reported that Nigeria was ranked as the 5th happiest nation and 6th in Africa, however fewer researches of happiness in Nigeria were reported especially in Northern Nigeria. It investigated the relationship between happiness, culture, socio-economic status and religious coping, among Muslim women students. Quantitative design of the correlational type was used, the population of 900 students from women centers for continuing education (WCCE) and 269 samples using a purposive sampling method. Orientation to happiness scale (OHS) with the reliability of 0.953, cultural questionnaire for women (CQW) with a coefficient of 0.918, a demographic questionnaire socio-economic status scale (SESS) with 0.717 reliability co-efficient and Islamic religious coping scale (IRCOPE) with alpha 0.888 were the instruments used for data collection, generally named happiness, culture, socio-economic status and religious coping scale with a total coefficient of 0.937. Partial least square based on structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the data. It revealed that a statistically significant positive relationship between happiness, culture and religious coping, while SES was not significantly related to happiness among Muslim women students.

Food allergies are the effects of a detrimental reaction from the body's immuntive system on certain types of food that are considered harmful to the body. Food allergies are also considered a critical issue in food safety and food quality management systems. In fact, the issue of food allergy consumption is also discussed from the aspects of medical and food industry to prevent any risk of consuming food that is harmful to consumers. Generally, the implementation of the concept of ‘halalan tayyibban’ only focuses on the study of raw materials, food processing activities and storage of final ingredients from illegal, clean and safe to be eaten elements. However, this aspect of food allergy intake is not discussed comprehensively based on the perspective of ‘Halalan Tayyiban’. Therefore, this article uses a qualitative approach through document analysis to describe the importance of consuming allergic foods according to the perspective of ‘halalan tayyiban’ in-depth. In addition, the aspects of food allergy control and management through food quality management system are also discussed. This study also suggests that the assessment of risk analysis and food allergy management be discussed in more depth according to the Islamic perspective based on the sources of the Quran and hadith. Hence, this study will have a positive impact on improving the halal auditing process and strengthening the integrity of food product status in line with the concept of ‘halalan tayyiban.’

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate automated feature detection, segmentation, and quantification of common findings in periapical radiographs (PRs) by using deep learning (DL)–based computer vision techniques. Study Design Caries, alveolar bone recession, and interradicular radiolucencies were labeled on 206 digital PRs by 3 specialists (2 oral pathologists and 1 endodontist). The PRs were divided into “Training and Validation” and “Test” data sets consisting of 176 and 30 PRs, respectively. Multiple transformations of image data were used as input to deep neural networks during training. Outcomes of existing and purpose-built DL architectures were compared to identify the most suitable architecture for automated analysis. Results The U-Net architecture and its variant significantly outperformed Xnet and SegNet in all metrics. The overall best performing architecture on the validation data set was “U-Net+Densenet121” (mean intersection over union [mIoU] = 0.501; Dice coefficient = 0.569). Performance of all architectures degraded on the “Test” data set; “U-Net” delivered the best performance (mIoU = 0.402; Dice coefficient = 0.453). Interradicular radiolucencies were the most difficult to segment. Conclusions DL has potential for automated analysis of PRs but warrants further research. Among existing off-the-shelf architectures, U-Net and its variants delivered the best performance. Further performance gains can be obtained via purpose-built architectures and a larger multicentric cohort.

Bullying or peer victimization is a topic for concern among teenagers and youth of society. It is a common type of interpersonal aggression and usually occurs in many forms, patterns, have several consequences either physical or psychological. Bullying behavior is a severe issue and has short-term as well as long-term impact on individual. However, teenagers who are victimized by the perpetrators may develop the psychopathological symptoms and mental health problems, such as, distress, depression, anxiety, social isolation, etc, which also have some serious effects in later life or adulthood and sometimes leads to suicidal ideation. Therefore, this conceptual paper is aimed to explore the relevant studies about the issues of bullying or peer victimization and its association with psychopathology symptoms among adolescents and children. And also observe what it has impact on later life of individual. Furthermore, this paper also intends to explore about the relevant prevention policies and concern of bullying in society.

Introduction: Childhood obesity is global nutritional concern. It is precursor of various non- communicable diseases and metabolic disorders in adulthood. Objective: To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school students in urban Agra. Method: This cross-sectional study was done among 200 children studying in grades 1st to 5th in government and private school of Agra. List of all schools in Agra city having 1 to 5 classes was obtained from official website of Agra District Authorities. One government and one private school were selected. 100 students were selected from each selected school. A pre-designed and pre-tested administered questionnaire was used to collect information and anthropometric measurement; height and weight of the student measured to calculate Basal Metabolic Index (BMI). Overweight/obesity was defined using age and sex specific body mass index cut off points. Result: Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 16.5% and 7% respectively. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was more in boys as compared to girls. Obesity is seen only in private school students. Conclusion:In the present study, the magnitude of overweight and obesity is high among boys and children studying in private school. Health education should be given in the schools so as to educate children as well as parents regarding risk factors, preventive measures and the consequences of overweight and obesity.

Introduction: Childhood obesity is global nutritional concern. It is precursor of various non-communicable diseases and metabolic disorders in adulthood. Objective: To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary school students in urban Agra. Method: This cross-sectional study was done among 200 children studying in grades 1st to 5th in government and private school of Agra. List of all schools in Agra city having 1 to 5 classes was obtained from official website of Agra District Authorities. One government and one private school were selected. 100 students were selected from each selected school. A pre-designed and pre-tested administered questionnaire was used to collect information and anthropometric measurement; height and weight of the student measured to calculate Basal Metabolic Index (BMI). Overweight/obesity was defined using age and sex specific body mass index cut off points. Result: Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 16.5% and 7% respectively. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was more in boys as compared to girls. Obesity is seen only in private school students. Conclusion: In the present study, the magnitude of overweight and obesity is high among boys and children studying in private school. Health education should be given in the schools so as to educate children as well as parents regarding risk factors, preventive measures and the consequences of overweight and obesity.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) refer to all males (of any age) who engage in sexual relations with other males. The gross stigmatization and discrimination of homosexuals have affected the life and health of MSM. Aims & objective: To get an insight on circumstances of initiation and continuation of same sex behavior among MSM. Material & Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in MSM population in Agra district in India. Audio recorded in-depth interviews were transcribed into verbatim. Potential themes were extracted as a part of analysis as per relevant experiences of the participants. Data saturation achieved after 13 In-depth interviews. Results: The initiation of same sex behavior among MSM was at a young age and was mostly without their consent. Almost all participants were below the legal age of giving consent for sex and their first homosexual partner was a familiar, elderly in position of authority. They played a passive role in their initial sexual encounter and none of them was able to discuss it freely with their family members or friends. They mostly felt depressed after their first homosexual encounter. They had continued this sexual behavior as they have accepted their attraction towards same sex. Conclusion: There is a need to include concepts of sexuality in education curriculum and sensitize parents also and counseling of those exposed to homosexuality at a tender age is imperative.

Many researchers have done extensive research on Emotional Intelligence (EI) part. There are many instruments that have been developed to serve as a measure of emotional intelligence. These include the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso EI Test (MSCEIT), the Multi Factor Emotional Intelligence Scale (MEIS) and several other Emotional Intelligence measures. However, it is found that the existing EI instrument does not measure children's emotional intelligence (EI). The Emotional Intelligence should be emphasized in children's development. Children who have a good level of emotional intelligence (EI) will be able to manage their lives in a more orderly and harmonious. Good emotional control is a very important aspect in the well-being of individuals. In this study, the researcher wanted to do a basic analysis of the children EI by building a pre-school children EI rubrics age group of four to six years. The study was conducted at a preschool in Kuala Terengganu district involving 20 children. The research data will be through the evaluation process by five academic specialists in the field using the Cohen Kappa Consensus Coefficient Rating Scale formula. Qualitative data were analysed using triangulation methods through qualitative categorization and thematic analysis. Quantitative data, on the other hand, will be analysed using the Rasch Model to see its validity and reliability. The implications of this study are expected to be a basic children's Emotional Intelligence study focusing on EI development in education to produce a competent, skilled, creative and innovative generation.

Despite Nigerian government's initiatives such as Northern Education Initiative (NEI), Girl Education Project (GEP) and Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC) in bridging the massive educational gap between males and females in Sokoto state it remains one of the states with high illiteracy level due to cultural and socio-economic status factors affecting female education. The study investigated the attitudes of parents towards female education and cultural and socio-economic factors responsible for low enrolment and recurrent withdrawal from school. Simple survey design was used, population of 800 students from Women centre for continuing education (WCCE). A sample of 260 students was drawn using Krejcie and Morgan table. Attitudes of parents towards female education questionnaire (APTFEQ) with a reliability of 0.76 and effect of socio-cultural and socio-economic factors on female education questionnaire (ESCSEFFEQ) with 0.84 reliability were the instruments used in collection of data. The study found out that parents have negative attitude towards female education and poverty is the major reason for low enrolment of female students and recurrent withdrawal. Early marriage, gender inequality, religion, child labour and uneducated parents also contributed to such situations. Recommendations were that government should provide free education to females, provision of job opportunities to reduce poverty rate and public awareness campaign on the importance of female education. Female counsellors are required to counsel female students to be successful Academicians in their society. Counsellors should organize conferences and use such forums in conversing with parents about the importance of female education as the major implications for counselling.

The paper explores the study of female prisoners who are facing multiple issues regarding health by taking into consideration the rights given to them under international law and how far those rights are available to them within local laws. The miserable conditions of prisoners around the world need no elaborations, particularly in less developed countries are taken into account; it speaks volumes of human right violations. Reviews on the conditions of female prisoners across the globe and how incarceration affects their health is being discussed with special reference to Mandela and Bangkok Rules passed by the United Nations. The study addresses an understanding of whether the available legislative framework in the form of KP prison Act 1894 in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa safeguards the rights of access to health care for female prisoners or not. In the end, various suggestions and strategies are given to make a step forward in resolving this issue.

COVID19 has transformed the worldwide education norms of teaching and learning The customary face-to-face method is currently being substitute with online webinars such as Webex and its counterparts A survey has been conducted to investigate the experience of online learning among postgraduate in Malaysia The survey is divided into two categories of issues related to online teaching and learning and time spent on activities during the Movement Control Order (MCO) Thematic analysis is employed to analyse the data pattern Three main themes on online learning experience had emerged, namely IT facilities, learning engagement and personal adjustment This survey also investigates the type of activities pursued during the Movement Control Order (MCO) and found that all the participants spent their time to complete assignments as well as highly video streaming especially from the youtube channel Though online teaching and learning received a positive response, most students still prefer the face-to-face method compare to fully adopting the online method of teaching and learning © 2020, Institute of Advanced Scientific Research, Inc All rights reserved

A preliminary study conducted by the researchers found that preschool teachers in Malaysia are having problems teaching the socio-emotional components due to the lack of specific teaching tools, guidance and structure. In this study, a teaching module was developed to help preschool teachers in pedagogy of emotional intelligence (EI) to enhance the preѕchool chіldren’ѕ EІ іn Malayѕіa. Thіѕ module waѕ developed baѕed on Gagne Іnformatіon Proceѕѕіng Theory, Bandura’ѕ Social Learning Theory and The Zone of Proxіmal Development (ZPD) Theory by Vygotѕky. The module includes ten topics which cover all elements of EI: indentifying emotion, understanding emotion, controlling emotion and using emotion. Activities were designed for each of these elements and in-service teachers were the ones who taught the children using the module. The effectiveness of this module was examined through an interview among the preschools teachers (experimental group) who using the module. Results show both preschools teacher in experimental group satisfy with the effectiveness’s teaching and learning module to enhance preschool children’s emotional intelligence. It is significant increase of children’s emotional intelligence in the experimental group. These findings suggest that the module can be a useful tool for preschool teachers to help develop preschool children’s emotional іntellіgence.

This study was carried out to identify the relationship between personality traits (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) and job burnout among Malaysian teachers. A total number of 191 secondary school teachers in the district of Johor Bahru, Malaysia was selected by using stratified random sampling method. A NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) was used as the measurement of Big Five personality and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educator Survey (MBI-ES) was used to measure job burnout of teachers. The Pearson correlation results showed that all the personality traits significantly related with each dimension of job burnout. The Pearson correlation results indicated that all the dimensions of Big Five personality, except for neuroticism have negative relationships with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization as well as have positive relationships with personal accomplishment. Neuroticism has a positive relationship with job burnout. The findings put emphasis on the importance of personality traits as possible factor which can be associated with job burnout.