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O artigo busca refletir sobre o processo que permitiu a formação do agronegócio no Amazonas, tomando como foco o município de Apuí. Para tal analisamos os diversos fluxos migratórios e as políticas de desenvolvimento dirigidas para o sul do Amazonas desde a década de 1980. Procurou-se demonstrar como o maior assentamento rural do país (Projeto de Assentamento Rio Juma) tornou-se uma das áreas de maior crescimento do rebanho bovino da Amazonia. Demonstramos como iniciativas do Estado produzidas para o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar e segurança territorial de pequenos agricultores foram utilizadas para o investimento nas criações de gado e regularização fundiária de grandes fazendas. Por fim analisamos como esta configuração estimulou o agronegócio, dinamizou o mercado de terras e estimulou os grandes incêndios florestais em Apuí.

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Archeological Dark Earths (ADEs) are fertility soils that are notoriously superior to the vast majority of soils typical of the Amazon region. The study on ADEs has intensified due to the good characteristics presented by these soils, such as high concentration of nutrients (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium). In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of soil chemical attributes in an area of black archeological earth soil under cocoa cultivation in the municipality of Apuí (AM). The mapping of a 42 x 88 m mesh, with irregular spacing of 6 x 8 m, totaling 88 points, was carried out, and then soil samples were collected at depths of 0.0-0.05; 0.05-0.10; (pH, O.C, Sto C, (H+Al), P, K, Ca, Mg, SB, CEC and V%). Data were analyzed using descriptive and geostatistical statistics techniques. The mean and median values were adjusted to the near values, indicating normal distribution, while the soil chemical attributes were adjusted to the spherical and exponential semivariograms models. The majority of the attributes presented coefficient of variation (CV) between 12.1 and 60%, characterized as average variability, the variables in the study presented different ranges and most of them had a strong spatial dependence. The geostatistical techniques used allowed the adjustments of the theoretical models that best represented the experimental semivariance, thus enabling the construction of thematic maps of the spatial distribution of the values of the attributes of the studied area.

Minerais de óxidos de Mn com estrutura em túnel, hollandita (Apuí, Amazonas, Brasil, zona em prospecção) e criptomelana (Urucum, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil) foram isolados e caracterizados quanto à composição química, mineralógica, estabilidade térmica e morfologia. As seguintes técnicas foram utilizadas para caracterização: microscopia eletrônica de varredura-EDS, análise térmica (TG-DTA) e difração de raios X estático e com aquecimento contínuo entre 100-900 ºC. As seguintes fórmulas empíricas, calculadas com base em 16 átomos de oxigênios foram obtidas: (Ba0,18K0,12Ca0,02Pb0,04)0,76(Mn6,34Al0,61Si0,25Fe0,24Ti0,08)7,54O(16)0,4H2O para hollandita e (K0,9Na0,04Ca0,03Sr0,04)1,04(Mn7,38Fe0,28Al0,27Si0,08)8O16 para criptomelana. Mediante o uso de microscopia eletrônica de varredura foi possível diferenciar a morfologia da hollandita e da criptomelana. Os resultados de DRX e TG-DTA mostraram que os minerais apresentaram estabilidade térmica acima de 900 ºC.The tunnel-structure manganese oxide minerals, hollandite (Apuí, Amazonas state, Brazil, area in prospection) and cryptomelane (Urucum, Mato do Sul Grosso state, Brazil) were isolated and characterized chemical, mineralogical, thermal and morphologically. The following techniques were employed: scanning electron microscopy-EDS, thermal analysis (DTA-TG), X-ray diffraction with continuous-heating. The empirical formula, were calculated on the basis 16 oxygen gave as (Ba0.18K0.12Ca0.02Pb0.04)0.76(Mn6.34Al0.61Si0.25Fe0.24Ti0.08)7.54O(16)0.4H2O for hollandite and (K0.9Na0.04Ca0.03Sr0.04)1.04(Mn7.38Fe0.28Al0.27Si0.08)8O16 for cryptomelane. The SEM investigations allowed the differentiation of the morphologies for hollandite and cryptomelane. The minerals were thermally treated among 100-900 ºC and X-ray diffraction patterns in situ were collected. The analysis of X-ray diffractions experiments showed that a hollandite-crytomelane mineral has a thermal stability up to 900 ºC.

Copyright of Ceramica is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Ceramica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)