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Copyright of Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societe et Environnement is the property of Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societe et Environnement is the property of Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fruits is the property of International Society for Horticultural Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fruits is the property of International Society for Horticultural Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fruits is the property of International Society for Horticultural Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fruits is the property of International Society for Horticultural Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fruits is the property of International Society for Horticultural Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effects of length of keeping and drying on the nitrogen content of low quality forages were studied. The forages (scrubland straws; sorghum, maize and millet stubbles) were treated with 4.5% urea and kept for 90 days in laboratory jars acting as silos. The nitrogen content of treated forages remained significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of nontreated forages, regardless of the keeping length. Drying decreased the nitrogen content (P < 0.05) of treated forages. This content remained similar (P > 0.05) from day 15 (end of treatment) to day 90 (end of experiment). The study showed that it was better to use treated forages before drying to reduce nitrogen loss during drying.

Copyright of Fruits is the property of International Society for Horticultural Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La vaccination contre la maladie de Newcastle par la méthode de distribution des grains de mil enrobés de vaccins thermotolérants LaSota/A300 et V4/276 a été essayée à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, sur 298 poulets de chair d'origine européenne pourvus d'anticorps maternels. Des infections opportunistes, comme la colibacillose, ont décimé de 70 à 81 % des effectifs des trois lots vaccinés et aussi 24 % du lot témoin avant d'être éradiquées par une antibiothérapie. L'épreuve virulente avec la souche de virus Hertz 33/56, appliquée aux survivants deux mois après la vaccination, a tué 100 % des témoins, 78 % des poulets vaccinés avec le V4/276, 7 % des vaccinés avec le LaSota/A300, et n'en a tué aucun dans le groupe qui a reçu à la fois le V4/276 et le LaSota/A300 à une semaine d'intervalle. Ces deux derniers groupes possédaient aussi, avant l'épreuve, de hauts titres d'anticorps IHA. Les vaccins lyophilisés LaSota/A300 et V4/276 ont conservé de hauts titres de virus après des expositions de 8 à 34 jours à la température ambiante de la saison fraîche à Ouagadougou.

Introduction. The effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) were evaluated on white-flesh cv. Claudia and yellow-flesh cv. Nespolone di Trabia loquat fruit. Materials and methods. Application of 1-MCP [(0.5 to 1) µL×L–1 for 20 h)] was monitored at 20 °C (7 days) and 0 °C (7 days at 0 °C and then 7 days at 20 °C). Results. Treatments with 1-MCP slowed fruit softening, depending on the concentration. Softening inhibition was greatest in fruit treated and held at 20 °C. The optimum concentration for softening inhibition at 20 °C was 1 µL×L–1 of 1-MCP, while 0.5 µL×L–1 of 1-MCP was more effective at 0 °C. Conclusion. Treatments with 1-MCP inhibited titratable acidity loss in both cultivars. 1-MCP extends the shelf life of rapidly softening, perishable fruits such as loquat fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction. Kinnow is an important citrus crop grown in India, which suffers from several postharvest diseases during storage. Hence, an attempt was made to combat such diseases with the botanicals Aloe vera, Eucalyptus and Ocimum on Kinnow mandarin to prolong its availability for a longer time. Materials and methods. For this, in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted. The poisoned food technique was used for in vitro studies, and, for in vivo studies, Kinnow fruit were pre-inoculated with pathogens (Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum), treated with different botanicals, then stored at (5 ± 1) °C temperature and 85–90% RH. Results and discussion. Our results indicated that all botanicals inhibited the growth (colony diameter) of both pathogens over untreated PDA plates, but the inhibition was the strongest by Aloe vera extracts. Similarly, under in vivo conditions, all botanicals influenced the decay incidence, decay loss, lesion diameter, respiration rate, ethylene evolution and physiological loss in weight, but Aloe vera was the most effective. All the botanicals were able to retain postharvest quality of Kinnow fruits without any adverse effect on quality parameters such as TSS, TA and ascorbic acid. Under in vivo conditions, the incidence of Penicillium italicum was higher than P. digitatum; however, it was the reverse under in vitro conditions. Conclusion. Thus, it is evident from our studies that botanicals have the potential to control green and blue mold without causing any injury or harmful effects on Kinnow mandarin; botanicals can be recommended as a safe method for extending its storage life while maintaining fruit quality at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Innovation in the management of perishability/freshness is an essential theme of the future fruit sector, not only for commercial and distribution systems but also for production. Plastic films with modified atmospheres represent a postharvest technology that can be used to store stone fruits, such as apricots, that have a short shelf life when maintained in a normal atmosphere under cold conditions. The aim of our work was to evaluate the effect of several packaging materials on the postharvest quality of apricot fruits stored for 21 days by considering the most important qualitative traits. Materials and methods. Modified atmosphere technology with different packaging materials was used to store apricot fruits cv. Tom Cot® at (+1 ± 0.5) °C and 90–95% relative humidity (RH). Different passive modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) conditions were developed because of the interaction between fruit respiration and the different oxygen and carbon dioxide barriers of the films. The effects of MAP were evaluated on the postharvest quality of the fruits by monitoring the headspace gas composition, weight loss, fruit flesh firmness (FFF), total soluble solids content (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and skin colour. Results and discussion. Changes in packaging headspace gas composition were observed for all films used, but only multilayer films and biodegradable film maintained the MAP conditions until the end of storage. Wrapped fruits lost less weight than fruits maintained under normal conditions; in particular, multilayer films maintained the highest FFF values after 21 days. The biodegradable film exhibited good performance in terms of maintaining the CO2 and O2 equilibrium inside the baskets by balancing the fruits’ respiration and the film’s permeability. Traditional plastic materials, such as multilayer films, and more sustainable films, such as the biodegradable film used in our study, can be successfully employed to store apricot fruits cv. Tom Cot® for up to 21 days in passive MAP conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Our investigation aimed to examine the influence of eco-friendly edible coatings composed of sodium alginate, olive oil and green tea extract (GTE) on improving the shelf life and nutritional quality of carambola (A. carambola L.). Materials and methods. The combinations and concentrations of composite coatings tested were (2% sodium alginate + 0.1% olive oil) (T1), (2% sodium alginate + 0.2% olive oil) (T2) and (2% sodium alginate + 0.1% olive oil + 0.25% GTE) (T3), while the untreated fruit served as control (T4) and were stored at (25 ± 5) °C and (65 ± 5)% RH. All the stored fruit were subjected to physico-chemical and biochemical analysis at regular intervals of 4 days up to 16 days of their storage period. Results and discussion. Weight loss and decay occurrence were least in the fruit treated with T1 and T2 as compared with those of T3 and uncoated fruit (T4). The contents of total soluble solids, total sugars and changes in pigments were found to be least in fruit treated with T1 followed by those treated with T2 and T3. The addition of GTE (T3) to treated fruit during the storage helped enhance the antioxidants such as total phenols and ascorbic acid. Conclusion. The composite edible coatings tested in our study enhanced the shelf life of coated carambola fruit, i.e., thirteen days for T1, sixteen days for T2, fourteen days for T3 and twelve days for control or untreated fruit (T4); the nutritional quality of carambola was enhanced with the treatment of edible coating containing GTE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Mango is the most economically important and nutritionally rich tropical fruit; it has high commercial value but a highly perishable nature; its sensitivity to postharvest diseases and physical injury limits its successful marketing. Postharvest losses in fruits are a serious problem because of rapid deterioration during handling, transport and storage. Edible films and coatings can be potentially used as an elective preservation technique to extend the shelf life of fruits. Materials and methods. The influence of zein and gelatin coatings on the physicochemical characteristics, softening and antioxidative enzyme activities of mango fruits stored at (32 ± 1) °C were evaluated at regular intervals of their storage period and compared with mango without coatings (control). Results and discussion. Zein and gelatin coatings seemed to have a beneficial impact on delaying the changes in weight loss, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, sugar content and total carotenoids. Zein and gelatin coatings resulted in the highest retention of ascorbic acid and phenolic content as compared with that of control. Zein and gelatin coatings delayed the ripening of mango fruit by suppressing the activity of softening enzymes such as polygalacturonase, pectin methyl esterase, cellulase and β-galactosidase. Zein 5% and gelatin 10% coatings maintained the highest induction of defense-related peroxidase enzymes, followed by gelatin 5% and zein 10% coatings. Conclusion. The application of zein 5% and gelatin 10% coatings could be used in delaying the ripening, maintaining the quality attributes and extending the shelf life of mango fruit during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Edible coatings are traditionally used to improve food appearance and preservation. They act as barriers during processing, handling and storage, and do not solely retard food deterioration, enhancing its quality, but are safe due to natural biocide activity, or to the incorporation of antimicrobial compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of A. vera, applied as an edible coating, on the changes in physicochemical parameters related to tomato fruit quality during storage in ambient conditions (22 °C and 80% RH), as well as its role in controlling microbial spoilage. Materials and methods. The changes in physical, chemical and textural properties of commercial tomato cv. Charleston were evaluated during a storage period of 17 days in ambient conditions according to their coating (treatments), or not (control), with an aqueous extract of pure A. vera or diluted (2:1) in distilled water. Results. The pure aqueous extract of Aloe vera totally inhibited the growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Alternaria alternata, while it did not show antimicrobial activity against Phytophthora parasitica. The diluted aqueous extract of Aloe vera coating maintained the quality of the tomatoes during storage in ambient conditions, delaying ripening, although it did not constitute an effective barrier against weight loss. Conclusion. Our fundamental results may be useful to breeders and postharvest technologists, as well as distributors, importers and exporters, in handling and processing tomatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Brazil is a major producer of mangoes, but the export volume is still small because of the short shelf life of this fruit. The objectives of our work were to evaluate the effect of modifying the storage atmosphere using plastic film and temperature, according to different periods of storage, on the characteristics of Espada mango grown organically. Material and methods. Seven treatments were applied to the fruits after their harvest: fruits stored at room temperature; at 12 °C / 80–90% relative humidity (RH); washed and stored at room temperature; washed and stored at 12 °C / 80–90% RH; washed, packed in PVC and stored at room temperature; washed, packaged in PVC and stored at 12 °C / 80–90% RH; and fruits harvested on the same day of evaluations, at (5, 9, 13, 16 and 21) days of storage. Results and discussion. Storage at 12 °C and 80–90% RH was more efficient in delaying fruit ripening, with minor evolution of peel and pulp color and soluble solids contents; this treatment also delayed the development of anthracnose. Fruits packed in PVC and stored at room temperature kept the peel and pulp color for 13 days, compared with 9 days for non-packaged fruits. The ideal time to harvest the Espada variety occurs at 165 days after the onset of flowering, with an index of “3” for skin color (equal amounts of green and yellow) and pulp color (yellow pulp), and soluble solids of 8.5 °Brix. The low severity of anthracnose found at different evaluation times indicates the probable tolerance of the Espada variety to the pathogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Sweet cherry fruit is a very perishable commodity, because fruits decay and lose water rapidly after harvest as a consequence of their high respiratory rate. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the combination of hot water plus essential oil treatments and hot water treatment alone on the quality of ‘0900 Ziraat’ sweet cherries during cold storage. Materials and methods. Fruits were divided into four groups and were treated by dipping into water at 24 °C for 30 s (control), dipping into water at 60 °C for 30 s, and dipping into water at 60 °C for 30 s plus either menthol treatment or thymol treatment. After treatments, all fruits were packed in polypropylene bags and stored at 0–1 °C temperature and 90–95% relative humidity for 45 days. Physical and chemical changes were determined at 15-day intervals during storage. Results and discussion. All of the postharvest treatments improved fruit quality characteristics compared with fruit of the control. According to the data, after 45 day s of storage, combination treatments were found to be more effective in controlling decay. The treated fruits had higher total anthocyanin and total phenolic compounds. In control fruits, total anthocyanin and total phenolic compounds initially showed a slight increase, but their accumulation significantly decreased with time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Plum cv. Santa Rosa shows climacteric behaviour and grows profitably under sub-temperate conditions in India. After ripening, it has a very limited shelf life (3–4 days) in ambient conditions [(38 ± 2) °C and at (68 ± 4)% RH]. Hence, there is an urgent need to extend its marketability using recent techniques. Materials and methods. Plums were harvested at the pre-climacteric and climacteric stages of maturity and packed with newspaper shreds (control), KMnO4-impregnated chalks, KMnO4-impregnated newspaper shreds or ethylene-absorbent sachets; then they were transported by road to New Delhi. The biochemical and physiological analyses were carried out at 3-day intervals on plums stored in supermarket conditions [(20 ± 1) °C and at (90 ± 2)% RH] for 15 days. Results and discussion. Untreated fruits had less firmness than those which were packed with ethylene absorbents. The activities of fruit-softening enzymes such as lipoxygenase (LOX), polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME) increased rapidly in the control treatment in comparison with plums packed with various ethylene absorbents, the least being either with ethylene-absorbent sachets or with KMnO4-impregnated newspaper shreds. Plums of pre-climacteric and climacteric maturity attained respiration and ethylene evolution peaks on the 9th day and 6th day, respectively. Conclusions. The plums of pre-climacteric and climacteric stages of maturity packed with ethylene-absorbent sachets showed the best results in supermarket conditions in maintaining the firmness, quality and shelf life of plum up to the 12th day and 9th day of storage, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The product. Coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.) is an ancient tropical beverage whose original properties have drawn the attention of manufacturers as a natural functional drink. Preservation. This refreshing liquid comes mainly from immature coconuts which are difficult to collect, store and thus to commercialise. Nevertheless, some studies, mostly from Asian countries, tend to prove that the shelf life of immature coconut fruits could be prolonged thanks to post-harvest treatments. Processing. Coconut water itself, extracted from the nut, is obviously easier to handle but is also very sensitive to biological and chemical injuries. Thermal treatment combined with chemical additives are already used by the industry but other technologies such as micro- and ultrafiltration are not yet available on an industrial scale. Whatever the process, taste, aroma and colour (linked to enzymatic activities) are still difficult to control. Discussion. Results of former and recent investigations are discussed. Finally, suggestions are made for further research to increase our knowledge of this original tropical juice. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction. The high intra-specific variation in safou traits and the perishable nature of the fruit hampers commercialization. Knowledge of the parameters that determine the acceptability of safou products and the shelf life of fresh fruits is critical for marketing and useful as a first step toward cultivar development. Materials and methods. Safou fruits of different pulp colors, skin colors and stages of ripening were collected from clones. Physicochemical and organoleptic analyses were performed on fresh and processed safou pulp, respectively, to elucidate parameters that could be used to determine the acceptability of boiled and dried safou pulp, and the shelf life of fresh fruits. Results and discussions. Our study demonstrated that the pH and color of raw pulp could be used to determine the acceptability of boiled and dried safou. Consumers preferred products which were not acidic (sour), with a nice aroma. There was a negative correlation between the pH of raw pulp and the acceptability of boiled and dried safou pulp. Likewise, there was a positive correlation between the color of raw pulp and the acceptability of boiled and dried safou pulp. These parameters were used to predict the taste of finished products. Polygalacturonase activity was higher in fully ripe and unripe fruits than in semi-ripe fruits. Polygalacturonase activity had a strong positive correlation with percentage loss of fully ripe fruit during storage and, as such, can also be used to predict the postharvest loss of safou. Conclusion. The pH and color of raw (uncooked) pulp of safou can be used to determine the taste and acceptability of boiled and dried pulp. Likewise, the activity of polygalacturonase in raw pulp can be used to predict its postharvest shelf life. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction Fruit quality characteristics are governed by preharvest factors, mainly climate, nutrition and plant bio-regulators, of which the latter two can easily be manipulated in the grower’s interest. Likewise, the postharvest treatments with the best performance can maintain quality during storage and distribution. Therefore, it is important to embrace a holistic approach to combine the pre- and postharvest practices in view of attaining maximum quality and satisfaction at the consumer level. Materials and methods. Various combinations of mineral nutrients (calcium and boron) and bio-regulators (salicylic acid and gibberellic acid) were applied at the pre- and postharvest stages of apple fruits to study their influence on postharvest behavior of these fruits during 60 days of storage under ambient conditions. Results and discussions Among the different treatments tried, fruits treated with either salicylic acid or calcium showed significant improvement with regards to improved physico-chemical characteristics and reduced fruit infection percentage. Integration of pre- and postharvest application of chemicals was verified as the most effective choice for the improvement of shelf life of apple fruits amongst the treatment combinations applied either at the pre- or postharvest stage. The application of salicylic acid in combination with calcium or boron renders an alternative to the use of fungicides to control decay during apple fruit storage. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction. Kiwifruit is a typical climacteric fruit, which grows profitably well in sub-temperate climatic conditions. The major problem with kiwifruit is that it does not ripen for about a week at room temperature but after this period there is a sudden rise in the respiration rate and fruits remain in edible condition for only a few days, giving it a very short shelf life in ambient conditions. Materials and methods. Kiwifruits were treated with different concentrations of spermine [(0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) mM] and spermidine [(1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) mM] by the immersion method; biochemical and physiological analyses were carried out, then fruit were stored in ambient conditions for 15 days. Results and discussion. Polyamine-treated fruits did not show any amount of ethylene evolution up to the 6th day of storage as compared with those of control, in which it started after the 3rd day of storage. The respiration rate was also the lowest in treated fruit. Similarly, polygalacturonase and lipoxygenase activities rose rapidly in control fruits in comparison with polyamine-treated fruits. Conclusion. The doses of spermine at 1.5 mM and spermidine at 2.0 mM showed the best results in extending the shelf life of kiwifruits when stored in ambient conditions [(22 ± 4) ◦C, RH: (65 ± 5)%]. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction. Mango conservation under traditional refrigeration systems is not totally efficient due to the susceptibility of this fruit to chilling injury, but controlled atmosphere (CA) in association with low temperature can improve its storability and maintain fruit quality during storage. Thus, the aim of our study was to determine the effect of CA with varied concentrations of oxygen during cold storage (12.8 ° C) of ‘Palmer’ mango fruit. Materials and methods. Mature green mango fruit were stored in atmospheres with (1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 21%) oxygen at (12.8 ± 0.6) °C and RH ~95%) for up to 28 days. A group of fruits without CA was stored in a cold room and served as tray-stored control. Fruit ripening was carried out in ambient conditions [(25.2 ± 0.6) °C, (92.8 ± 2.4)% RH)] at intervals of 14 d. Results and discussion. Fruits stored in low-oxygen concentrations [(1%, 5% and 10%) O2] had significantly lower rates of CO2 production after 14 d of cold storage. Fruit from all treatments were considered immature after 28 d of cold storage, and the mangoes kept at (1%, 5% and 10%) O2 maintained their initial firmness (119.9–125.6 N) when compared with those stored in higher oxygen atmospheres, which underwent a substantial loss of firmness (96.8–109.1 N). At low-oxygen levels, fruit also had lower contents of soluble pectin and total soluble sugars, whereas colour parameters were not affected by the atmospheres. After transfer from CA containers to ambient conditions, even from the lowest oxygen concentrations [(1% and 5%) O2], fruit ripened normally in just 8 d without presenting any low oxygen-related injury. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction. Films act as semi-permeable gaseous barriers capable of maintaining fruit postharvest quality; thus coatings consisting of non-traditional sources may represent an alternative tool for producers. The objective of our work was to investigate the effect of a galactomannan coating on postharvest quality and physiology of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mangoes. Materials and methods. Physiologically mature mangoes were divided into four lots and stored for 16 d. Control uncoated fruits (lot 1) were stored at ambient temperature (25 °C), the second lot was uncoated and refrigerated (14 °C), the third lot was coated and stored at ambient temperature, and the fourth lot was coated and refrigerated. Fruit were analyzed for physicochemical quality parameters, antioxidant enzymatic activity and lipid peroxidation. Results and discussion. Control fruit (lot 1) lost almost twice the weight of uncoated refrigerated (lot 2) and coated mangoes at both temperatures (lots 3 and 4); the fruit of lot 1 softened faster. Regarding the antioxidant enzymes, the activity of superoxide dismutase decreased throughout storage without statistical differences between treatments and catalasic activity was significantly inhibited under refrigeration. At ambient temperature, coating delayed the catalasic activity peak to day 12, which was coincident with the lowest lipid peroxidation degree, evidencing the association of free radical production and scavenging mechanisms. The galactomannan coating was efficient in reducing weight loss and delaying softening; thus, it maintained quality of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mangoes for a longer period of time than the control treatment during storage at ambient temperature. Refrigeration (14 °C) enhanced the performance of the galactomannan coating; it was effective in slowing down the metabolism and delaying softening to day 12. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

La variante thermotolérante A300 du virus LaSota a été utilisée pour vacciner des poussins exempts d'organismes pathogènes spécifiés (EOPS) de 4 semaines, au moyen des grains de mil enrobés de virus. Il y avait formation d'anticorps IHA avec des doses de vaccin supérieures à 106DIO50/poussin (dose infectant 50 % des oeufs) et aussi une résistance à l'épreuve 2 mois après la vaccination, alors que la mortalité des témoins était de 100 %. La DP50 (dose protectrice 50 %) est estimée à 106,85DIO50. Ce vaccin lyophilisé, destiné aux petits élevages "de famille" des villageois africains, a pu être conservé à la température ambiante, jusqu'à 35°C, pendant au moins 1 semaine. D'autres expérimentations sur une plus grande échelle sont encore nécessaires pour déterminer le potentiel de ce vaccin dans les conditions naturelles du milieu rural africain.