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This research aims to determine work willingness after industrial placement of XII-grade students in the study program of electrical power installation engineering (TITL) at VHS 5 Padang. The method uses a quantitative descriptive approach using the similarity of the terms cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. The results of this research indicate the work will of 31 students is likely to be more interested in entering higher education or entrepreneurship. The Data shows that students` work willingness is in the excellent category with a percentage of 55%. It means that 45% of students graduating from 2021-2022 are not ready to work.

Climate change has had an impact on increasing hydrometeorological disasters in Indonesia. the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) estimates, until mid-May 2020 Indonesia is threatened with a hydrometeorological disaster. Most of the Indonesian people are in areas prone to hydrometeorological disasters. To reduce its impact, the government needs to make adaptation efforts to climate change, which are carried out holistically and integrated by involving all elements of society and the government by referring to the National Action Plan for Climate Change Adaptation in Indonesia that has been prepared by the government of Indonesia.

The pond land suitability in a fish cultivation business is very necessary to be considered to increase the catfish production in Padang city suitability can be done based on 2 aspects, i.e economic (economic evaluation) and physical evaluation. This research aims to the analysis of pond land suitability for the cultivation of catfish enlargement in Padang city using Geographic Information System (GIS) application. The method is overlaid using 9 parameters: a) cultivation pond; b) distance of cultivation from transportation facilities; c) location of cultivation from water sources (rivers/drainage); d) slope; e) soil type; f) land use; g) altitude; h) flood disaster; and i) landslide, then obtained the result of the most suitable area for the catfish cultivation in Padang city is Kuranji Sub-district with the most important parameter is the land use.

The purpose of calculation and compiling the Land Cover Quality Index (LCQI) is to evaluate the value of natural and environmental resources based on land cover conditions in an administrative region such as city, regency and province in Indonesia referring to the Regulation Director General of Pollution Control and Environmental Damage Number P.1/PPKL/PKLA.4/2018. The analytical method used in the calculation of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Maximum likelihood classification approach, and the preparation of LCQI calculation methods based on 1) sufficiency area (forest region) and forest cover at minimal 30% on rivers and islands; 2) Ability and suitability of land minimal 25%; and 3) a link with the direction of land use in urban areas of at minimal 30%. The results showed the vegetation density index value in Pariaman city was classified as a good category with a value of 0.474903 μm, the results of a land cover classification in Pariaman City with the largest region are found in mixed gardens land of 2,736.57 ha or 37%. Whereas the smallest region is found in cypress vegetation land as a greenbelt at the coastal border 12.06 ha or 0,16%. and the results of the LCQI calculation indicate the LCQI value in 2019 (24,06) which is in the alert classification (

The purpose of this research was to know the general hospital locations which are in the zone the earthquake hazard potentially tsunami to optimize the response of disaster victims and formulate a general hospital preparedness policy model in dealing with victims of the earthquake hazard potentially tsunami. The research focusing on accessibility aspects was analyzed using GIS Arc-GIS 10.5 analysis technique, while the general hospital preparedness policy model in the response to victims of the earthquake hazard potentially tsunami in Mentawai Islands Regency was using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. The reseach results show that the development of settlements in regions not designated for settlements, especially in the hazard zone high has the highest weight value (0,750). Then followed by composing zones of hazard level to develop an early warning system (0,600), empowering people who carry out activities in the hazard zone high (0,525), compile of land allotment zones for settlements (0,500), and conduct coaching, training, and technical guidance to the people, government apparatus, private sector and hospital staff in stages and continuously (0,488).

Knowledge about the liquefaction vulnerability in Pariaman city which is prone to an earthquake is very much needed in disaster mitigation based spatial planning. This research was conducted by analyzing the potential of liquefaction vulnerability based on the Conus penetration to produce Microzonation of the susceptibility of subsidence due to liquefaction at 4 locations in Pariaman city, i.e Marunggi village, Taluak village, Pauh Timur village and Padang Birik-Birik village. Based on the results of the analysis using this method, the critical conditions of liquefaction found in the intermediate sandy soil to solid. The fine sand layer which has the potential for liquefaction is in sand units formed from coastal deposits, coastal ridges and riverbanks. This liquefaction vulnerability zones analysis is limited to a depth of 6.00 m due to the limitations of the equipment used. The results of the analysis show that the fine sand layer which has the potential for liquefaction occurs at a depth of> 1.00-6.00 m with the division of zones, i.e 1) High liquefaction in the sandy soil layer which has a critical acceleration (a)

The research about the identification of mangrove physical condition and the change of mangrove area has aims are knowing of mangrove physical condition and the change of mangrove area in the coastal region southern part of Padang city. The method used in this research is the field survey and multi-temporal satellite imagery analysis in 2001 and 2018 year. Based on the field survey at the date of August 18, 2017 generally the mangrove that found in research location i.e Rhizophora Apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia alba, and Nypa. The spatial distribution of the mangrove ecosystem is dependent on the ecological conditions of the area as reflected by the types of mangrove vegetation that grows and develops in the research location. A decrease in mangrove area that occurred between of 2001 to the 2017 years i.e in the coastal region of Bungus bay i.e 5.54 ha, where the decrease in mangrove area occurred because some mangrove plants were cut down and made the settlement land, while in the region of Sungai Pisang bay happen to increase in mangrove area i.e 36.12 ha, where the increase in mangrove area occurred because of the region obstructed by big waves of the sea (protected small the islands).

This study aims to determine changes in the condition of coral reef ecosystems using satellite imagery. The research method used is the Geographic Information System (GIS) approach using Lyzengaalgorithm method with data of Landsat +ETM 7 in 1998, 2008 and Landsat OLI 8 in 2018. The results of this study indicate a decrease in the extent of coral reef conditions in 1998-2008 occurs in live coral cover covering 106.60 ha and the addition of area occurred in dead coral cover covering 147.97 ha. While the decrease of coral reefs condition in 2008-2018 occurs in dead coral cover covering 29.66 ha and the addition of area occurred in live coral cover covering 112.29 ha. Coral mortality index in Nirwana beach with an average 62.28 %, meaning very large coral deaths in this region. Coral mortality index in Cindakir estuary with an average 46.60 %, meaning quite large coral deaths in this region so that coral reefs need to be rehabilitated in these waters, which can be done in form of artificial coral transplants. The coral mortality index in Muara Dua bay average 39 %, meaning that coral mortality is quite large in this region, while the coral mortality index in Ujung Siboko bay average 44.65 %, this means quite a large number of coral deaths in this region, but this location has a very good soft coral and it is necessary to rehabilitate corals in these waters with the form of artificial coral transplants.

Pemanfaatan ruang yang tidak sesuai dengan perencanaan pada kawasan pesisir Teluk Bungus telah menimbulkan dampak pada terbatasnya ruang yang berfungsi sebagai zona pemanfaatan umum dan zona lindung. Ketidaksesuaian pemanfaatan ruang tersebut disebabkan belum dilakukan identifikasi pemanfaatan ruang secara eksisting. Dimana berpotensi memunculkan konflik antar ruang yang berbeda penggunaan. Analisis pemanfaatan ruang yang belum dilakukan meliputi sejauh mana ruang-ruang tersebut berpotensi mematikan ruang lain dan berpotensi untuk tetap berkembang sebagaimana peruntukannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian pemanfaatan ruang pada zona khusus (Pelabuhan) di kawasan pesisir Teluk Bungus, yaitu: 1) PPS (Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Bungus); 2) Pelabuhan Pertamina (Persero) Teluk Kabung; dan 3) PLTU Teluk Sirih. Metode yang digunakan adalah pembobotan skoring terhadap parameter lingkungan dengan pendekatan Sistem Informasi Geografi (SIG). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada zona khusus pada kawasan pesisir Teluk Bungus, yaitu: 1) PPS Bungus dengan luas 26,15 ha menunjukkan kategori sangat sesuai dengan skor 90; 2) Pelabuhan Pertamina (Persero) (Persero) dengan luas 19,2 ha menunjukkan kategori sangat sesuai dengan skor 90; dan 3) PLTU Teluk Sirih dengan luas 46,32 ha menunjukkan kategori sesuai dengan skor 63.

The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of the underwater substrate and the location that has the potential to be developed as marine tourism (snorkelling) in Pasumpahan Island, Padang city. The research method used scoring assessment the suitability parameters of marine tourism with weighting the score. The location in this research was Pasumpahan Island waters based on waters brightness, beach type, lifeform, and underwater substrate. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that 1) the basic substrate of Pasumpahan Island waters is a living coral area of 63,900 m² with a percentage of 25.81%, dead coral covering 75,600 m² with a percentage of 30.54%, and sand covering 108,000 m² with a percentage of 43.63 %; and 2) Pasumpahan Island has a suitability category for snorkelling tours as follows, quite suitable category (S2) with an area of 64,859 m², very suitable category (S1) with an area of 117,276 m².

Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia is one of the institutions of the s tate that has experienced the impact of the change. One line that significantly changes is on the function line. After the changes in the Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia has three functions in which the matter is mandated in article 20A (1). The three functions are legislative functions, budget functions and supervisory functions. One of the functions of supervision owned by the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia is the inquiry right. Prior to the changes in the Second State ndang-Undang Dasar 1945 , the oversight function of the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia was only regulated in a general explanation, and this also seems very general and has not been explicitly explained. Then after the second amendment to the ndang-Undang Dasar 1945, then the inquiry right as one of the supervisory functions was more explicitly regulated, namely in Article 20A (2). The legal consequences of the use of the ndang-Undang Dasar 1945 inquiry rights to the President's policies can lead to efforts to dismiss the president and, or Vice-President, if the president's policy violates article 7A of the Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 , from that the author considers this need to be understood and studied more deeply.

Perairan Teluk Bungus berlangsung cukup banyak aktivitas, namun belum ada data-data valid berkaitan dengan parameter oseanografi perairannya. Perlu dilakukan kajian dinamika pesisir, terutama berupa kajian oseanografi fisik, tujuannya adalah diperoleh informasi dasar parameter oseanografi fisik yang berguna untuk kelancaran aktifitas di sekitar perairan. Data batimetri diperoleh dari peta yang dikeluarkan oleh Dishidros, dianalisis berupa tampilan peta 2D dan 3D. Data pasang surut air laut terukur dari alat ukur ADCP yang memiliki sensor tekanan, merupakan alat ukur utama untuk arus laut. Sedangkan data gelombang diperoleh dari ECMWF berupa tinggi gelombang signifikan. Kedalaman laut Teluk Bungus tergolong dangkal, yaitu mencapai 30 m. Bentuk relief dasar lautnya tidak terlihat dampak signifikan dari pengaruh samudera, karena perairan cukup terlindungi oleh bentuk teluk. Pasang surut yang terjadi adalah tipe campuran dominan ganda, tunggang pasut sebesar 139.30 cm (Oktober - November 2014). Gelombang signifikan perairan Teluk Bungus dan sekitarnya (Januari - Oktober 2013) adalah 0.42-1.7 m. Tinggi gelombang cukup besar terjadi terutama tanggal 9 Oktober 2013 hingga 11 Oktober 2013 yaitu 1.5-1.7 m. Arus laut perairan Teluk Bungus umumnya didominasi oleh pengaruh arus zonal, baik arus kedalaman 10.5 m maupun arus pada kedalaman 18.5 m. Kecepatan rata-rata arus kedalaman 10.5 m sebesar 0.0477 m/s, namun terjadi arus cukup besar 0.5240 m/s tanggal 11 November 2013 pukul 14.50 WIB dengan arah Tenggara-Selatan. Pada kedalaman 18.5 m, kecepatan arus rata-rata 0.3799 m/s dan arus maksimum 0.9320 m/s tanggal 14 November 2013 pukul 22.00 WIB dengan arah Barat Daya. CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (BATHYMETRY, TIDE, WAVE SIGNIFICANT HEIGHT AND SEA CURRRENT) IN BUNGUS BAYBungus bay waters have a lot of activity, but there is no reliable data related to their oceanographic parameters. It is necessary to study their physical oceanography, to acquire basic information of physical oceanographic characteristics that are useful for the daily activities around these waters. Bathymetric data obtained from the map issued by Dishidros, analyzed in the form of 2D and 3D map display. Tide data measured from ADCP measuring devices, a measuring instrument for the major ocean currents, and also HOBO which has a pressure sensor in the device. While the wave data obtained from ECMWF in the form of significant wave height, but it also contained model / forecasting a significant wave height of BMKG. The depth of the bay of Bungus relatively shallow sea, which reaches 30 m. Form of the sea bottom relief not seen a significant impact on the influence of the ocean, because the waters are adequately protected by the shape of the bay. Tide that occur is predominantly a mixture of type double, 139.30 cm (October-November 2013). Significant wave Bungus bay waters and surrounding areas (January-October 2013) is 0.42 to 1.7 m and 0.3 to 2.5 m (August-December 2015). Largest wave height occurs mainly dated October 9, 2013 until October 11, 2013 is 1.5-1.7 m, and 8 to 14 September 2015 to reach 2.25 m. Currents in Bungus bay waters generally dominated by the influence of zonal flows, both the depth current of 10.5 m and 18.5 m. The average velocity of depth current of 10.5 m by 0.0477 m/s, but there was a large current 0.5240 m / sec November 11, 2013 at 14:50 am with the South-East direction. At a depth of 18.5 m, the average current velocity 0.3799 m/s and a maximum current of 0.9320 m/s on 14 November 2013 at 22:00 pm at South West direction. Keywords: Bathymetry, Tidal, Wave, Current, Bungus Bay

The loss of environmental interests in a battle that is clearly unbalanced is one proof that people, nations in this world still do not realize how very important and valuable it is to promote the existence of a living environment. The interests of the environment are the interests of life, not only human life but the life of all living things, the most important of course is that not only life today but life in the future. What will we inherit for the lives of our children and grandchildren later? Fighting that defeats the interests of the environment, not only occurs in the practical realm of the executive, but has also penetrated the legislative line which is certainly full of political content. A more in-depth study is needed regarding this matter; it is only natural that we see the clash between the environmental laws of one and the other environmental laws, not to mention the clash with the laws and regulations below and below them. Constitutional studies are considered very important in the current conditions, especially for Indonesia.Keywords: Environtmental Law; Constitution; Regulation

Knowledge about the liquefaction vulnerability in Pariaman city which is prone to an earthquake is very much needed in disaster mitigation based spatial planning. The liquefaction is an event of loss of the strength of the sandy soil layer caused by the vibration of the earthquake, where the liquefaction occurs in the sandy soil layer which has loose material in the form of sand that is not compact or not solid. This research was conducted by analyzing the potential of liquefaction vulnerability based on the Conus penetration to produce Microzonation of the susceptibility of subsidence due to liquefaction at 4 locations in Pariaman city, i.e., Marunggi village, Taluak village, Pauh Timur village and Padang Birik-Birik village. The Conus penetration testing is carried out using the piezocone (CPTU) method and mechanical Cunos penetration, and approach using Geographic Information System (GIS). The results showed that the potential of liquefaction was found at the sandy soil layer of sand and a mixture of sand and silt, which is characterized by the value of Cunos resistance and local resistance each smaller than 15 MPa and 150 kPa at varying depths. Based on the results of the analysis using this method, the critical conditions of liquefaction found in the medium sandy soil to solid. The fine sand layer which has the potential for liquefaction is in sand units formed from coastal deposits, coastal ridges and riverbanks. This liquefaction vulnerability zones analysis is limited to a depth of 6.00 m due to the limitations of the equipment used. The results of the analysis show that the fine sand layer which has the potential for liquefaction occurs at a depth of> 1.00-6.00 m with the division of zones, i.e., 1) High liquefaction in the sandy soil layer which has a critical acceleration (a)

Landslides that often occur in the Malalak sub-district are very detrimental to the community. Landslides in the Malalak sub-district have caused casualties and the closure of the Malalak road segment. According to studies that have been carried out factors that influence the occurrence of landslides are slope, skid field, rock structure and external factors such as rain and earthquake intensity. Rock structures of landslide-prone areas are urgently needed which will be used as reference data to predict potential landslides. This research aimed to estimate the structure of the rock as a reference or supporting data to determine the potential for landslides in the Malalak. The method used in this study is the Schlumberger configuration Resistivity Geoelectric Method. Based on the estimated structure of the rocks in the Malalak region, the rock types in the area consist of Clay, Sandstone, Limestone, Andesite, and Granite.

Aquifer is an underground layer of water. Currently, many residents of Padang do not know the exact position of the aquifer. Many drilling activities have been carried out to find ground water. But the results are not in accordance with the predetermined depth targets. This situation will be affected to the costs incurred for drilling. This study aims to model aquifers in Padang and find out their depth and thickness. One way to identify aquifers is to use geoelectrical resistivity method. In this study, researchers used a one-dimensional vertical electrical sounding (VES). The collection of geoelectrical sounding data is spread in 36 points in Padang. To modeling the aquifer layer, kriging interpolation method is used. Based on the results of processing rock resistivity models, it was found that the average aquifer depth in Padang is about 6.23 meters, with the shallow depth in 1.01 meters and the deepest in 20.02 meters. While the average thickness of aquifers is about 7.47 meters, with the thinnest thickness in 1.68 meters and the thickest in 11.74 meters. The aquifer layer was identified as unconfined aquifer.

The coastline length of Padang city is about 80 km with area 72,000 ha of coastal waters and 19 small islands. Overall, the beach of Padang City consists of the sloping beach (41.52 km), cliff (22.08 km), muddy beach (8.19 km), and also an artificial beach for coastal protection. The research aims to identify the beach that is suitable for coastal ecotourism, including those of beach recreation and mangrove areas. The methodology that was used was to estimate the Ecotourism Suitability Index (ESI) based on weighting and scoring of some physical parameters. The research results for suitability category of recreational beach in Padang City show 18 locations are suitable very (with average 82,28 %), 8 locations are suitable enough (with average 70 %), and only one beach location in front of Bung Hatta University is in conditional category (27 %). The beach suitable for mangrove ecotourism is identified in 6 locations are suitable very (with average 92 %), 9 locations are suitable enough (with average 73 %), 3 locations are suitable conditional (with average 49 %), while those which are not suitable in Carolina (Pasa Laban) beach (33 %).

Since 1982 in Law Number 4 of 1982 concerning Environmental Management Principles which was later amended in 1997 to become Law Number 27 of 1997 concerning Environmental Management, legal politics regarding criminal law policy has been carried out. Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Protection and Management of the Environment (UUPPLH) as the latest generation, has included criminal provisions in Chapter XV, which consists of 23 articles. The results of the study show that criminal law enforcement against formal offenses has a special procedural law, because it relates to the principle of ultimum remedium, meaning that the use of criminal law against formal offenses must wait until administrative law enforcement is declared ineffective. In order to avoid difficulties in enforcing environmental law that is sometimes used by certain elites to seek profits by looking at the gap in the weak regulations in the laws and regulations, the legislation, especially regarding formal law, must be clearly arranged, firm, not multiple interpretations.Keywords: Politic Criminal Law Enforcement, Environmental Law Enforcement

Seagrass ecosystems are exciting parts of the tropical coastal region that are potential for ecotourism activities. Marine ecotourism sector in the city of Padang has begun to develop within last few years. This development has not only positive impacts but also negative threats to the environment. Therefore, carefully select the most suitable areas for this purpose is important. This article aims to propose the potential areas for seagrass ecotourism in Padang city based on Geographic information system (GIS) analysis. We used spatial analysis to develop the seagrass ecotourism suitability index that is also potentially applicable to other areas. The results of the analysis show that area of the seagrass ecosystem in Nirwana beach (23.75 ha), Cindakir beach (2.56 ha), and Pasumpahan island (5.46 ha) with a total area of the seagrass ecosystem overall in Padang City (31.78 ha). These areas have been overgrown by Thalassia hemprichii with coverage >50 – 75 % in Nirwana beach, 25 – 50 % in Cindakir beach and Pasumpahan Island. The suitable areas for seagrass ecotourism were found on the beach of Nirwana (covers 84% as very suitable), Cindakir beach (covers 73 % as moderately suitable) and Pasumpahan island (covers 78 % as moderately suitable). We found that activities of local communities decreased the suitability of Cindakir beach and Pasumpahan island because these activities increase the abundance of mud in the substrate of waters.

This research aimed to analyze the implementation of Insert Religious Model in Constructing the Character Care for the Environment for the Study of Geography. The research is a quasi – experiment conducted in Padang City, West Sumatra – Indonesia. The Data were collected from students through the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using T – Test. This research found that Insert Religious Model can improve the students' character of care for the environment. Implementation of this character conducted systematically in form of planning and learning through insert religious model. With this finding, teachers who seeking to develop the character of the caring environment in learning geography can use this model.

This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of space utilization conducted in the coastal area ofBungus bay. The research was conducted through field survey with a spatial approach using GeographicInformation System (GIS) in order to know the suitability of area allocations which were served as a protectedzone, utilization zone, and special zone. The results showed that zone II covers an area of 232,9 ha with a scoreof 48,4 and zone II covers an area of 136,2 ha with a score of 23 was not-suitable served as utilization zone,and zone III covers an area of 539,9 ha with a score of 61 was suitable served as utilization zone. Managementalternative for not-suitable category in the protected zone at location 8 can be managed by the establishing ofcoast protection, establishing of stilt house, and the improvement of roads connected to the main road; On theutilization zone of location 11, location 12, location 18, and location 23 can be managed by relocating thesettlement as far as >100 m from the coast, establishing of coast protection, establishing of stilt house, andimproving roads connected to the main road; On the special zone of location 1 can be managed by relocatingthe distance limit of ship track and activity, making of settling ponds for waste discharging, and establishingstilt house; and on the special zone of location 25 can be managed by relocating the distance limit of ship trackand activity, making of settling ponds for waste discharging, and dust suppression (wetting) during coal loading,and unloading.

The Kampar River estuary is well known for a tidal-bore phenomenon called ‘Bono waves’. The emergence of Bono waves has a significant influence on the estuary system of Kampar River. Scoured materials, resulting from the hydraulic jump of the tidal bore, are carried into the middle of the river. These materials are then deposited when the velocity of the river decreases as a result of the collision of the tidal current from the sea and the river flow. The aim of this was to determine the area of erosion and sedimentation with respect to the river line and perform land-cover change analysis for the area around the Kampar River estuary for the years of 1990, 2007, 2010 and 2016. The method employed was the supervised maximum likelihood (SML) classifications, which uses an overlay technique to yield alternate information on the river line and land-cover changes in the form of time-series data. The largest erosion occurred during 1990–2007, for which the average change reached 2.36 ha/year. The smallest erosion occurred during 2010–2016, when the change reached 0.41 ha/year. The largest land-cover change was found during 1990–2016, which occurred in the land for agriculture/plantations (11.57 ha/year), building/settlement (48.11 ha/year) and scrubland (30.88 ha/year). The other types of land cover, such as bare land and sediment deposition, varied every single year. The changes to the river line are caused by land-cover changes, and the Bono waves that lead to erosion and sedimentation that is not stable in the middle of the river and downstream.

Kuta beach in Bali is a world-famous tourist destination has been suffering from marine litters (or debris) disaster almost every year. Mitigation efforts have been carried out by the local government started from educating the people as well as continuing mass cleaning campaigns for the stranded litters in the beach. The research has an objective to understand the physical processes of marine debris characteristics in Kuta such as its propagation and distribution along the coastline and in the water columns during the two different seasons (West Monsoon and Transitional seasons). A hydrodynamic model was developed to investigate the transport of marine litters from their sources by considering the tide-driven surface currents and wind. Field surveys were also conducted to assess marine litter’s characteristics in the surface and in the sea beds for both plastic and wood types of litters. Hydrodynamic simulation shows that the surface current ranging from 0.05 – 1.75 m/s is capable of transporting marine surface debris from Bali Straits and other sources in the South of Bali to Kuta during West Monsoon season. The collected litters during the West Monsoon season were four times larger in quantity. The concentration of litters in the seabed and in the water column is larger near to the coastline than further offshore. In the meantime, during Transitional season, Kuta was completely free from marine litters. Results from surveys also showed that the most effective measures for marine litters in Kuta is self-awareness of the people to keep the environment clean.

Pemanfaatan ruang yang tidak sesuai dengan perencanaan di pesisir Teluk Bungus telah menimbulkan dampak pada terbatasnya ruang yang berfungsi sebagai zona pemanfaatan dan penyangga antar zona kawasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan tutupan lahan yang terjadi, serta kesesuaian pemanfaatan ruang berdasarkan parameter biofisik dan alternatif pemanfaatan ruang yang sesuai di pesisir Teluk Bungus. Metode yang digunakan yaitu survei lapangan dengan pendekatan keruangan menggunakkan Sistem Informasi Geografi (SIG) dan Penginderaan Jauh berdasarkan kesesuaian peruntukkan kawasan sebagai zona lindung, zona pemanfaatan dan zona khusus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan luas tutupan lahan tahun 1999 – 2006 terjadi pada lahan pertanian seluas 41,17 ha dan penambahan luasan tutupan lahan terjadi pada sedimentasi seluas 197,46 ha. Pesatnya pertumbuhan pembangunan pada tahun tersebut berakibat tingginya sedimentasi. Penurunan perubahan tutupan lahan pada tahun 2006 – 2016 terjadi pada lahan hutan seluas 65,19 ha dan penambahan luasan tutupan lahan terjadi pada tutupan lahan permukiman seluas 26,59 ha. Pesatnya pembangunan pada tahun tersebut berakibat turunnya luasan zona lindung alami untuk hutan, semak belukar dan mangrove. Hasil algoritma skoring pada zona I, zona II dan zona III yaitu zona I seluas 232,9 ha dengan skor 48,4; zona II seluas 136,2 ha dengan skor 23. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan ruang tersebut tidak sesuai sebagai zona pemanfaatan; dan zona III seluas 539,9 ha dengan kategori sesuai untuk zona pemanfaatan dengan skor 61. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan ruang ini sesuai dan layak sebagai zona pemanfaatan. Alternatif pengelolaan untuk kategori tidak sesuai pada zona lindung di lokasi 8 (Labuhan Tarok) adalah dengan pembuatan pelindung pantai, pendirian model rumah tipe panggung dan perbaikan jalan ke jalan utama; Zona pemanfaatan di lokasi 11 (Pasa Laban), lokasi 12 (Cindakir), lokasi 18 (Teluk Kabung Labuhan Cino) dan lokasi 23 (BBIP Teluk Buo) adalah dengan merelokasi permukiman dari pantai sejauh >100 m, pembuatan pelindung pantai serta pendirian model rumah tipe panggung dan perbaikan jalan ke jalan utama; Zona khusus di lokasi 1 (PPS Bungus) adalah dengan merelokasi batas jarak jalur dan aktivitas kapal serta pembuatan settling ponds untuk penetralan limbah dan pendirian model rumah tipe panggung di sempadan pantai. Serta di lokasi 25 (PLTU Teluk Sirih) dengan merelokasi batas jarak jalur dan aktivitas kapal, pembuatan settling ponds untuk penetralan limbah, serta pembasahan batubara saat bongkar muat.

Penelitian ini difokuskan pada model penyelesaian konflik kewenangan terhadap timbulnya dampak dumping limbah batu bara studi kasus pada Pemerintah Kota (Pemkot) Bengkulu dengan Pemerintah Kabupaten (Pemkab) Bengkulu Tengah: pertama, bagaimana dampak kerusakan yang terjadi akibat dari pencemaran di daerah hilir aliran Sungai Bengkulu; kedua, bagaimana tindakan pencegahan yang dilakukan terhadap perluasan dampak pencemaran bagi perusahaan di daerah hulu sungai Bengkulu; dan ketiga, bagaimana konsep ideal pencegahan perluasan dampak pencemaran yang seharusnya dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Provinsi Bengkulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif-sosiologis, menggunakan data hasil studi lapangan, dan melakukan studi kepustakaan. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa: pertama, ada beberapa dampak yang diakibatkan dari pencemaran limbah batu bara, diantaranya dampak terhadap kerusakan ekosistem sungai, dampak terhadap kondisi air (PDAM Kota Bengkulu), efek domino yang terjadi di hilir sungai, dan dampak terhadap estetika lingkungan; kedua, tindakan pencegahan yang dilakukan terhadap perluasan dampak pencemaran bagi perusahaan di daerah hulu Sungai Bengkulu masih terbatas pada instrumen perizinan saja, tidak menitikberatkan pada pengawasan yang lebih ketat; ketiga, konsep ideal pencegahan perluasan dampak pencemaran yang seharusnya dilakukan adalah dengan melibatkan berbagai pihak terkait, seperti pemerintah, masyarakat, dan stakeholder yang dimotori oleh pemerintah provinsi karena konflik kewenangan ini menyangkut dua wilayah administratif yang berbeda. Kata Kunci: konflik kewenangan, dampak dumping, pencemaran lingkungan, kerusakan ekosistem sungai, limbah batu bara. Conflict of Authority Resolution Model in Case of Emergence of Coal Dumping Effect: Case Study on Bengkulu Municipality Government and Bengkulu Regency Government Abstract This study focuses on authority conflict resolution model concerning the impact of coal waste dumping—case study on the Bengkulu Municipality Government and Bengkulu Regency Government: first, what is the damage caused by pollution in the river downstream of Bengkulu; second, what are the precautions against the impact of the expansion of the company's pollution in the headwaters area of Bengkulu; and third, what is the ideal concept of prevention of the expansion of pollution impact that should have been conducted by the Government of Bengkulu Province. This research utilizes sociological-normative approach, using data from field and literature. Studies conclude that, first, there are several impacts of coal waste pollution - including impact on river ecosystem, impact on water conditions (PDAM Bengkulu), a domino effect which occurs in the lower river, as well as aesthetic impact on the environment; second, the precautions taken against the expansion of the environmental impact by companies in the upstream areas of Bengkulu are still limited only to the licensing instrument, while disregarding not stricter supervision; third, the most ideal concept to prevent the expansion of pollution should be one that involves various parties such as governments, communities, and stakeholders led by the provincial government; since authority conflict involves two different administrative regions. Keywords: conflict of authority, impact of dumping, environmental pollution, the damage of river ecosystem, coal waste. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v1n2.a6

This research aim to express descriptively melanic epipedon based on biosequence middle bevel physiography of Marapi-Singgalang mount representing Upper watershed area from Batang Anai watershed. The sample determined by Stratified Random Sampling at each biosequence. From result of research obtained by difference of melanic epipedon of Marapi mount characteristic with melanic epipedon of Singgalang mount characteristic, so that for the farm in the middle bevel of Singgalang need the existence of land conservation action, passing reboisasi program, utilize to improve again land that function as buffer zone in Batang Anai watershed.

Padang City is located on the West coast of Sumatra Island that borders directly with the Indian Ocean. The coastal region of the city stretches from Pasia Jambak beach, Muara Anai in the Northto Sungai Pisang in the South. The coast of South section is different from the coast of Northsection, because the Southern coastline is heterogeneous because there are many small bay, small islands and narrow beaches directly adjacent to the volcanic hills. This research aims to determine the dynamics condition of a coastal environment based on the characteristic (length, velocity, energy, and height), sediment transport value, accretion/abrasion factor value, and coastal equilibrium in Padang City.The method used in this study is the calculation of wavelength (L0 ), wave velocity (C), wave energy (E), run-up height (Hb ), and sediment transport (Q) to determine accretion/abrasion factor and equilibrium (G0 ). Furthermore, it is done by Geographic Information System (GIS) approach to spatial information of research location. Research result shows that coastal region(beach)in Padang City tends to experience accretion along the beach of Pasia Sabalah, Panjalinan North, Panjalinan South, Parkit, Purus South, Purus North, Muaro Padang, Air Manis North and Pasia Putih. While the abrasion conditions occur inPasia Jambak, Parupuk Tabing, Bung Hatta University beach, Air Manis South and Sungai Beremas.

Seagrass ecosystem is a sea plant that can store carbon in the form of biomass and in sediments known as blue carbon. This research conducted in around coastal waters of Lobam island, Seri Kuala Lobam sub-district, Bintan regency that has seagrass community type Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides which has an important role as a carbon sink. This research aims to determine differences of density, coverage and differences in biomass based on a seagrass tissue at the Above ground (leaf Abg.) and Below ground (rhizoma and root Blg.) of each station and the relationship between the density towards seagrass biomass. The research results show that the seagrass density in station 2 was higher than in station 1. While the difference in the seagrass biomass there is in the section of Abg (leaf) and Blg (rhizoma and root) in station 1 and conversely there is no significant difference in station 2.

Marine tourism sector in the Northeast Bali, Indonesia, experienced rapid development in the last decades. However, severe coastal erosion in some parts of the area has threaten the industry. Unsuccessful mitigation measures have been carried out by authorities by constructing seawalls along the coastline. The objective of the study is to understand the physical processes related to coastal erosion in the area and to assess the effectiveness of seawall along the coastline. To achieve the objectives, a GIS approach was carried out to investigate general changes of the coastline since 1944 until 2013. Hydrodynamics analyses and sediment transport simulations were also conducted and validated by the data from field measurements. The role of Mount Agung (a volcanic mountain) to the coastal dynamic system was also investigated. Moreover, the data from cGPS measurements in the island were also used for the analysis of possible land subsidence in the area. From social aspects, the history of USAT Liberty Shipwreck in Tulamben Village supports the analyses and provides information on the evolution of coastline in the area. We conclude that coastal erosion in North-east Bali has long been occurred and strongly affected by the dynamics of hydro-oceanography, volcanic activities, geological dynamics, and human interferences. Finally, the mechanism of coastal erosion in the area was also proposed.

Political Law is one of the discourses that control the existence of law.One of the realm of law that has recently received the spotlight and serious attention. Particularly related to the legal political option is the environment law that increasingly strong day include criminal law enforcement in law enforcement. There are some weak things that then have negative implications, against the enforcement of environmental laws related to the lack of cautious political choice. Since 1982 in Law No. 4 of 1982 on the Principles of Environmental Management which was changed in 1997 into Law No. 27 of 1997 on Environmental Management, the legal politics of criminal law policy has been conducted, that the criminal law policy in the realm of the environment is already a choice of legal politics in the realm of environmental law. Law Number 32 Year 2009 About PPLH as the latest generation, adds Chapter XV of the Criminal Code in its charge of 23 Articles. Law Number 32 Year 2009 contains a much more complete criminal provision than Law Number 23 Year 1997. Although there is still much to be fixed on the provisions of Law Number 32 Year 2009. Base on research shows that there are special procedural laws that regulate formal law enforcement. It is based on the principle of ultimum remedium which means that the implementation of the criminal law must wait until the effectiveness of administrative law is upheld. To minimize obstacles in enforcing environmental laws which are sometimes used by political elites to seek profit, formal laws against environmental crimes should be set up specifically with the Act.

Perubahan secara spasial pada ekosistem pesisir yang terjadi di kawasan pesisir Teluk Benoa Bali seperti tutupan mangrove telah berubah menjadi lahan untuk tambak, pelabuhan, permukiman, pembangunan tol laut serta reklamasi pulau. Dimana perubahan tutupan lahan berdampak pada ekosistem pesisir, hal tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya degradasi lingkungan seperti sedimentasi, intrusi air laut dan banjir pasang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan sebaran ekosistem pesisir seperti mangrove dan terumbu karang menggunakan citra Spot-6 tahun 2006, 2012 dan 2015 serta citra Landsat 7+ETM tahun 1997. Metode untuk laju perubahan didapat dari analisis secara overlay menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Dimana untuk perubahan sebaran mangrove yaitu dengan membedakan objek mangrove dengan non mangrove dengan analisis Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), sedangkan perubahan sebaran terumbu karang yaitu dengan persamaan algoritma Lyzenga untuk ekstraksi informasi dasar perairan. Pemetaan ekosistem pesisir di kawasan Teluk Benoa dengan memanfaatkan citra resolusi tinggi Spot-6 dan di dukung dengan citra Landsat 7+ETM sangat membantu memberikan kenampakan mencakup wilayah lebih luas dibandingkan dengan pengamatan langsung di lapangan. Adapun hasil analisis perubahan sebaran mangrove yaitu: 1) tahun 2006 ke tahun 2012 dengan perubahan -89,98 ha; dan 2) tahun 2012 ke tahun 2015 dengan perubahan -60,62 ha. Sedangkan perubahan kondisi terumbu karang yaitu: 1) tahun 1997 ke tahun 2006 dengan perubahan -69,07 ha; 2) tahun 2006 ke tahun 2012 dengan perubahan -90,51 ha; dan 3) tahun 2012 ke tahun 2015 dengan perubahan 112,47 ha. Sebaran terumbu karang dominan berada di luar Teluk Benoa.

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi penggunaan lahan pada DAS Air Dingin bagian hulu di Kota Padang berdasarkan tingkat bahaya erosi dan arahan konservasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat bahaya erosi ditentukan berdasarkan rumus Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) dan arahan konservasi mengacu pada modifikasi dari Kumajas (1992). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahaya erosi sangat ringan yaitu 5.93 ton/ha/tahun dengan luas 58.61 ha, erosi ringan yaitu 43.9 ton/ha/tahun dengan luas 24.49 ha, erosi sedang yaitu 181.64 ton/ha/tahun dengan luas 3.91 ha, dan erosi berat yaitu 74.91 ton/ha/tahun dengan luas 4.33 ha. Sedangkan arahan konservasi pada erosi sangat ringan dibiarkan dalam keadaan alami, erosi ringan dilakukan dengan pembuatan teras bangku, erosi sedang dilakukan dengan rotasi tanaman dengan teras berdasarkan lebar (pemanfaatan mulsa), dan erosi berat dilakukan dengan teras bangku (penggarapan dengan tenaga manusia). Kata Kunci: Erosi, Konservasi, DAS, Air Dingin bagian hulu, Kota Padang Abstract This research was conducted to identify the land use on the upstream part of Air Dingin Watershed in Koto Tangah Sub-district, Padang City based on the level of erosion and conservation directives. The method used to determine the level of erosion is determined based on Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) formula and conservation directives refers to the modification by Kumajas(1992). The results showed very mild erosion is 5.93 tons/ha/year with an area of 58.61 ha, mild erosion is 43.9 tons/ha/year with an area of 24.49 ha, moderate erosion is 181.64 tons/ha/year with an area of 3.91 ha, and heavy erosion is 74.91 tons/ha/year with broad 4.33 ha. While conservation directives on very mild erosion were left in a natural state, mild erosion is performed with a bench terracing, moderate erosion is being done by crop rotation with a terrace based on a width (mulsa utilization), and heavy erosion is done with a bench porch (cultivating with human labour). Keywords: Erosion, Conservation, Watershed, Upstream Part of Air Dingin, Padang City

Pulau Sirandah saat ini mulai menjadi salah satu tujuan wisata kepulauan yang ramai dikunjungi di Kota Padang. Kajian pesisir dan perairan di pulau ini sangat diperlukan, tujuannya untuk mengetahui karakteristik sumber daya pesisir, parameter oseanografi, dan kondisi kualitas perairan di sekitar pulau, sehingga dapat berguna untuk mendukung wisata kepulauan di sekitar pulau tersebut. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa cukup baik kondisi dari pesisir pantai dan kualitas perairan di sekitar Pulau Sirandah. Secara keseluruhan pulau ini di kelilingi oleh pantai beting, sedimen berpasir putih, tergolong landai (6,21 – 9,52°), dengan pesisir pantai yang luas (total 1,32 Ha) dan lebar (9,5 – 17,3 m), serta garis pantai sepanjang 1,45 km. Perairan sekitar Pulau Sirandah memiliki kedalaman laut mencapai 50 m (dekat pesisir pantai masih 0 – 10 m), tergolong perairan dangkal. Pasang surut yang terjadi tergolong pasang surut campuran condong ganda (nilai F= 0,3558), dan kondisi arus permukaan tergolong rendah, berkisar antara 6,47 - 17,40 cm/dt. Kualitas air laut sekitar pulau masih tergolong baik, nilai suhu (SST) berkisar 29,9 – 30,1°C, pH 8,96 – 9, DO 7,72 – 8,13 mg/lt, salinitas 29,9 – 30,1 ‰, dan kecerahan perairan 6,15 – 8,5 m (mencapai 100%). Kondisi karakteristik pesisir dan perairan di Pulau Sirandah sangat mendukung untuk wisata kepulauan, yaitu wisata pantai (rekreasi) sangat sesuai dengan nilai 81,12 % , wisata snorkeling cukup sesuai dengan nilai rata-rata 61,40 % , dan wisata selam cukup sesuai dengan rata-rata sebesar 62,96 % . Adapun daya dukung kawasan (DDK), untuk wisata pantai (rekreasi) sebanyak 58 orang , wisata snorkeling sebanyak 48 orang , serta wisata selam sebanyak 8 pasangan penyelam dalam sehari.

Climate change and global warming have a negative impact on coastal, especially small islands. Abration and floods can be very danger and need response to minimize the disaster risks. A simple and practical method is needed to inform the location and type of coastal vulnerability and its risks along coastal segments. Smartline is a coastal management method that represents the geomorphology of coastal, hinterland and shoreline. The North Pagai is a small island, a part of the Mentawai Islands that located at the west offshore of Sumatra Island and one of the under developed areas in Indonesia. The island is surrounded by the Hindia Ocean and located on a subduction path of tectonic plate that prone to earthquakes and Tsunami. High rainfall, strong winds, the complexity of coastal morphology and also the majority of coastal residents and limited infrastructure make the problems more complicated. Tsunami in 2010 (7.7 Mw) caused the change of shoreline getting worst on The East Coast of The North Pagai Island. This study aims to identify the coastal vulnerability using Smartline method. The research was conducted on April and September 2016. The result concludes that physical aspect shows Saumangaya and Matobe Village at high and also very high level of vulnerability hence Sikakap Village at very high level. The socio-economic aspect shows that The Sikakap Village is more advanced but contrary more vulnerable to disaster in terms of population density and complex activities. The North Pagai Island is a vulnerable island from physical and socio-economic aspects.

Perairan Teluk Benoa Bali memiliki 6 sungai (tukad) yang bermuara pada perairannya. Tukad Mati dan Tukad Badung adalah 2 sungai terbesar pemberi pasokan sedimen. Pembangunan reklamasi di pelabuhan Benoa dan pembangunan Jalan Tol melintasi Teluk Benoa diduga meningkatkan sedimentasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kejadian sedimentasi di perairan Teluk Benoa, dan memperoleh kisaran sedimentasi secara spasial yang terjadi dalam rentang 9 tahun terakhir. Analisis pendugaan sedimentasi dilakukan secara spasial berupa sebaran pengendapan sedimentasi di dasar perairan dengan menggunakan citra satelit Spot – 6 dan Landsat 7. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah luasan sedimentasi pada tahun 1997 sebesar 1640,78 ha mengalami penurunan luasan menjadi 1480,57 ha (tahun 2006) dengan laju perubahan sebesar positif -160,21 ha (-20,03 ha/tahun). Namun, luasan sedimentasi kembali bertambah menjadi 1531,93 ha pada tahun 2012 (laju perubahan negatif +8,56 ha/tahun), bahkan menjadi 1966,14 ha pada tahun 2015 (laju perubahan negatif +144,74 ha/tahun).

Bungus district of Kabung Bay is a growing region located at coastal zone of southern city of Padang, west sumatra. As a growing region, the Bungus district brings some impacts on population increase and degradation of environment quality. Therefore, it is needed an effort to identify land use changes and the distribution of land use in this region from the year of 2003 until 2013. This research used landsat 7 imagery in 2003 and landsat 8 imagery in 2013. The data were analysed descriptively using geographical informastion system. The result showd that (1) swamp land cover experienced the smallest land use change between 2003 until 2013 (0.02 ha/yr), meanwhile forest land use had the biggest change of about 224.8 ha/yr. The biggest addition of land cover belong to settlement area about 47.59 hectare, and the other hand occur on bush about -31.68 hectare. Keywords: Bungus district, landcover changes, Landsat imagery, GIS